crier

See also: Crier

English

Alternative forms

• cryer (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle English cryer, criour, from Old French crieor (Modern French crieur), derived from the verb crier. Synchronically analyzable as cry +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkraɪɚ/
• IPA^(key): /ˈkraɪə/
• Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)

Noun

crier (plural criers)

1. One who cries.
   • 1967, Richard M. Elman, The 28th day of Elul (page 94)

     Once again she had been stricken, beaten down, so violated that to give utterance to her feelings might have outshrilled all the criers in hell.

2. An officer who proclaims the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice by loud proclamation, such as a town crier.

Translations

one who gives public notice by proclamation

• Azerbaijani: çovuş
• Bulgarian: глашатай (bg) m (glašataj)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Latin: praecō m

Anagrams

• IRCer, ricer

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Aromanian

Alternative forms

• crieru, criel, crielu

Etymology

Probably from Latin cerebrum through a Vulgar Latin root *crebrum or possibly from the diminutive form cerebellum through a root *crebellum (compare the variant form, also found in Megleno-Romanian, which seems to still preserve the -l-). Compare Romanian creier.

Noun

crier m (plural crieri)

1. brain

Synonyms

• mãduã / midulj

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French

Etymology

From Middle French crier, from Old French crier, crider, from Medieval Latin crīdāre (“to clamour, cry out, publish, proclaim”) (compare Spanish gritar, Occitan and Catalan cridar, Italian gridare). Perhaps from Latin quirītō (“to shriek, wail”) (--Diez), or from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, shout, proclaim”), from Proto-Germanic *krītaną (“to cry out, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *greyd- (“to shout”). Akin to Middle Dutch crīten, krīten (Dutch krijten (“to cry, cry out”)), Middle Low German krîten (“to shriek, cry out”), Middle High German krīzen (“to cry out loudly”) (German kreißen (“to wail in childbirth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʁi.je/

• audio:

  (file)

Verb

crier

1. to cry out
2. to shout
3. to creak

Conjugation

Conjugation of crier (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	crier
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	criant /kʁi.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		crié /kʁi.je/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	crie /kʁi/	cries /kʁi/	crie /kʁi/	crions /kʁi.jɔ̃/	criez /kʁi.je/	crient /kʁi/
	imperfect	criais /kʁi.jɛ/	criais /kʁi.jɛ/	criait /kʁi.jɛ/	criions /kʁi.jɔ̃/	criiez /kʁi.je/	criaient /kʁi.jɛ/
	past historic2	criai /kʁi.je/	crias /kʁi.ja/	cria /kʁi.ja/	criâmes /kʁi.jam/	criâtes /kʁi.jat/	crièrent /kʁi.jɛʁ/
	future	crierai /kʁi.ʁe/	crieras /kʁi.ʁa/	criera /kʁi.ʁa/	crierons /kʁi.ʁɔ̃/	crierez /kʁi.ʁe/	crieront /kʁi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	crierais /kʁi.ʁɛ/	crierais /kʁi.ʁɛ/	crierait /kʁi.ʁɛ/	crierions /kʁi.ʁjɔ̃/	crieriez /kʁi.ʁje/	crieraient /kʁi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	crie /kʁi/	cries /kʁi/	crie /kʁi/	criions /kʁi.jɔ̃/	criiez /kʁi.je/	crient /kʁi/
	imperfect2	criasse /kʁi.jas/	criasses /kʁi.jas/	criât /kʁi.ja/	criassions /kʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/	criassiez /kʁi.ja.sje/	criassent /kʁi.jas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	crie /kʁi/	—	crions /kʁi.jɔ̃/	criez /kʁi.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• cri
• criailler
• criard
• crieur
• décrier

Further reading

• “crier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• cirer

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Norman

Etymology

From Old French crier, from Medieval Latin crīdō (“to clamour, cry out, publish, proclaim”).

Verb

crier (gerund criethie)

1. (Jersey) to shout

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Old French

Alternative forms

• crïer (some scholars use a diaeresis)
• crider (La Vie de Saint Alexis, 11th century manuscripts)

Etymology

From Medieval Latin crīdō (“to clamour, cry out, publish, proclaim”), from Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, shout, proclaim”), from Proto-Germanic *krītaną (“to cry out, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *greyd- (“to shout”). Akin to Middle Dutch crīten, krīten (Dutch krijten (“to cry, cry out”)), Middle Low German krîten (“to shriek, cry out”), Middle High German krīzen (“to cry out loudly”) (German kreißen (“to wail in childbirth”).

Verb

crier

1. to cry out; to shout

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of crier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		crier			avoir crïé
gerund		en criant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		criant
past participle		crïé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	cri	crïes	crïe	crions	crïez	crïent
	imperfect	crioie, crïeie, crioe, crïeve	crioies, crïeies, crioes, crïeves	crioit, crïeit, criot, crïeve	criiiens, criiens	criiiez, criiez	crioient, crïeient, crioent, crïevent
	preterite	criai	crias	cria	criames	criastes	crïerent
	future	crïerai	crïeras	crïera	crïerons	crïeroiz, crïereiz, crïerez	crïeront
	conditional	crïeroie, crïereie	crïeroies, crïereies	crïeroit, crïereit	crïeriiens, crïeriens	crïeriiez, crïeriez	crïeroient, crïereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	cri	cris	crit	crions	crïez	crïent
	imperfect	criasse	criasses	criast	criissons, criissiens	criissoiz, criissez, criissiez	criassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	crïe	—	crions	crïez	—

Descendants

• → English: cry
• French: crier

See also

• plorer