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==Japanese==
==Japanese==
{{ja-kanjitab}}


===Kanji===
===Kanji===

Revision as of 03:16, 19 February 2024

See also: 吏 and 更
史 U+53F2, 史
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F2
← 叱
[U+53F1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 右 →
[U+53F3]

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

史 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中大 (LK), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻口乂)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3249
  • Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 571, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+53F2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 史
alternative forms 㕜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 史
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (史) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吏 *rɯs
倳 *ʔsrɯs
剚 *ʔsrɯs
事 *ʔsrɯs, *zrɯs
史 *srɯʔ
使 *srɯʔ, *srɯs
駛 *srɯʔ, *srɯs

Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a fountain pen resembling 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)

Etymology

"to send, to employ, to cause"
Causative derivation of 理 (OC rəʔ) "envoy (Zuo)" , "jail-official" (Guanzi), "marriage go-between", which is perhaps the same word as 理 (OC rəʔ) "to administer" (Schuessler 2007); the sense "scribe, historian" is derived from this.
"scribe, historian"
Possibly from Austroasiatic; Schuessler (2007) compared 理 (OC *rɯʔ), 吏 (OC *rɯs, “official”), 史 (OC *srɯʔ, “scribe, historian”), and 使 (OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs, “ambassador”) to Old Khmer re (“to move, change position”) & its derivatives Old Khmer pre (“to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make”), in turn related to paṃre (“to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister”); with Sino-Tibetan causative *s- corresponding to Khmer causative *p-.
Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) "scribe, secretary" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) "to mark, to draw lines", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant "to write, to record".

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 195: Incorrect tone notation "2" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 史

  1. history
    歐洲史／欧洲史  ―  Ōuzhōu shǐ  ―  European history
    近代史  ―  jìndàishǐ  ―  modern history
    史無前例／史无前例  ―  shǐwúqiánlì  ―  unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)
  2. (historical) court historian; scribe
  3. historical record; book recording history
    正史  ―  zhèngshǐ  ―  official historical records
    《二十四史》  ―  “èrshísìshǐ”  ―  Twenty-Four Histories
  4. a surname
    史可法  ―  Shǐ Kěfǎ  ―  Shi Kefa

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji in this term
史
Grade: 5

Kanji

史

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. record, recording
  2. history

Readings

  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • On: じ (ji)
  • Kun: ふひと (fuhito, 史)、ふびと (fubito, 史)、ふみ (fumi, 史)、さかん (sakan)

Proper noun

史(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 史 (MC sriX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: sǒ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄉᆞ〯긧〮 (Yale: sǒkúy-s) ᄉᆞ〯 (Yale: sǒ)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

史 (eumhun 사기(史記) 사 (sagi sa))

  1. hanja form? of 사 (“history”) [noun, suffix]

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

史: Hán Nôm readings: sử

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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