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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Borrowed either directly from {{bor|cs|als|vatër}}, or from {{bor|cs|ro|vatră}} or {{cog|rup|vatrã}}, which in turn are borrowed from {{bor|cs|als|vatër}} (definite form {{m|aln|vatra}}), from {{bor|ro|sqj-pro|*ōtar}}, obtained through the ''*o'' to ''*vo-''/''*va-'' development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of ''*o'' in the two major dialect groups (cf. also {{m|sq|vadhë}}, {{m|sq|varfër}}, {{m|sq|vesh}}, etc.).<ref name=Vermeer>{{quote-journal |1=en|author=Willem Vermeer |year=2008 |title=The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration |journal=Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics |volume=32 |page=606|text="As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its ''*a'' in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic ''-n-'' to ''-r-''. Romanian also famously borrowed ''vatër'' 'hearth' with patently Tosk ''va-'' and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Olander:2022|13|page=232}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:HCHIEL|1805}}</ref> Borrowed also into {{cog|cs|vatra}}. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.<ref name=Vermeer/>
Borrowed either directly from {{bor|bg|als|vatër}}, or from {{bor|bg|ro|vatră}} or {{cog|rup|vatrã}}, which in turn are borrowed from {{der|bg|als|vatër}} (definite form {{m|aln|vatra}}), from {{der|bg|sqj-pro|*ōtar}}, obtained through the ''*o'' to ''*vo-''/''*va-'' development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of ''*o'' in the two major dialect groups (cf. also {{m|sq|vadhë}}, {{m|sq|varfër}}, {{m|sq|vesh}}, etc.).<ref name=Vermeer>{{quote-journal |1=en|author=Willem Vermeer |year=2008 |title=The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration |journal=Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics |volume=32 |page=606|text="As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its ''*a'' in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic ''-n-'' to ''-r-''. Romanian also famously borrowed ''vatër'' 'hearth' with patently Tosk ''va-'' and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Olander:2022|13|page=232}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:HCHIEL|1805}}</ref> Borrowed also into {{cog|cs|vatra}}. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.<ref name=Vermeer/>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
Line 33: Line 33:


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Borrowed either directly from {{bor|cs|als|vatër}}, or from {{bor|cs|ro|vatră}} or {{cog|rup|vatrã}}, which in turn are borrowed from {{bor|cs|als|vatër}} (definite form {{m|aln|vatra}}), from {{bor|ro|sqj-pro|*ōtar}}, obtained through the ''*o'' to ''*vo-''/''*va-'' development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of ''*o'' in the two major dialect groups (cf. also {{m|sq|vadhë}}, {{m|sq|varfër}}, {{m|sq|vesh}}, etc.).<ref name=Vermeer>{{quote-journal |1=en|author=Willem Vermeer |year=2008 |title=The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration |journal=Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics |volume=32 |page=606|text="As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its ''*a'' in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic ''-n-'' to ''-r-''. Romanian also famously borrowed ''vatër'' 'hearth' with patently Tosk ''va-'' and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Olander:2022|13|page=232}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:HCHIEL|1805}}</ref> Borrowed also into {{cog|cs|vatra}}. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.<ref name=Vermeer/>
Borrowed either directly from {{bor|sh|als|vatër}}, or from {{bor|sh|ro|vatră}} or {{cog|rup|vatrã}}, which in turn are borrowed from {{der|sh|als|vatër}} (definite form {{m|aln|vatra}}), from {{der|sh|sqj-pro|*ōtar}}, obtained through the ''*o'' to ''*vo-''/''*va-'' development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of ''*o'' in the two major dialect groups (cf. also {{m|sq|vadhë}}, {{m|sq|varfër}}, {{m|sq|vesh}}, etc.).<ref name=Vermeer>{{quote-journal |1=en|author=Willem Vermeer |year=2008 |title=The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration |journal=Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics |volume=32 |page=606|text="As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its ''*a'' in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic ''-n-'' to ''-r-''. Romanian also famously borrowed ''vatër'' 'hearth' with patently Tosk ''va-'' and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Olander:2022|13|page=232}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:HCHIEL|1805}}</ref> Borrowed also into {{cog|cs|vatra}}. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.<ref name=Vermeer/>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
Line 73: Line 73:


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|cs|ro|vatră}} or {{cog|rup|vatrã}}, which in turn are borrowed from {{bor|cs|als|vatër}} (definite form {{m|aln|vatra}}), from {{bor|ro|sqj-pro|*ōtar}}, obtained through the ''*o'' to ''*vo-''/''*va-'' development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of ''*o'' in the two major dialect groups (cf. also {{m|sq|vadhë}}, {{m|sq|varfër}}, {{m|sq|vesh}}, etc.).<ref name=Vermeer>{{quote-journal |1=en|author=Willem Vermeer |year=2008 |title=The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration |journal=Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics |volume=32 |page=606|text="As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its ''*a'' in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic ''-n-'' to ''-r-''. Romanian also famously borrowed ''vatër'' 'hearth' with patently Tosk ''va-'' and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Olander:2022|13|page=232}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:HCHIEL|1805}}</ref> Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.<ref name=Vermeer/>
Borrowed from {{bor|uk|ro|vatră}} or {{cog|rup|vatrã}}, which in turn are borrowed from {{der|uk|als|vatër}} (definite form {{m|aln|vatra}}), from {{der|uk|sqj-pro|*ōtar}}, obtained through the ''*o'' to ''*vo-''/''*va-'' development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of ''*o'' in the two major dialect groups (cf. also {{m|sq|vadhë}}, {{m|sq|varfër}}, {{m|sq|vesh}}, etc.).<ref name=Vermeer>{{quote-journal |1=en|author=Willem Vermeer |year=2008 |title=The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration |journal=Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics |volume=32 |page=606|text="As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its ''*a'' in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic ''-n-'' to ''-r-''. Romanian also famously borrowed ''vatër'' 'hearth' with patently Tosk ''va-'' and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Olander:2022|13|page=232}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:HCHIEL|1805}}</ref> Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.<ref name=Vermeer/>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===

Revision as of 21:28, 1 September 2024

Bulgarian

Etymology

Borrowed either directly from Tosk Albanian vatër, or from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.).[1][2][3] Borrowed also into Czech vatra. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈvatrɐ]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

ва́тра • (vátra) f (dialectal)

  1. torch
  2. fireplace
    Synonyms: пещ (pešt), огни́ще (ogníšte)

Declension

Declension of ва́тра
singular plural
indefinite ва́тра
vátra 		ва́три
vátri
definite ва́трата
vátrata 		ва́трите
vátrite

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1
    2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
    "As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
  2. ^ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
  3. ^ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

Anagrams

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed either directly from Tosk Albanian vatër, or from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.).[1][2][3] Borrowed also into Czech vatra. Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʋâtra/
  • Hyphenation: ват‧ра

Noun

ва̏тра f (Latin spelling vȁtra)

  1. fire
    Synonym: о̀гањ

Declension

Declension of ватра
singular plural
nominative ва̏тра ватре
genitive ватре ва̏та̄ра̄ / ва̏трӣ
dative ватри ватрама
accusative ватру ватре
vocative ватро ватре
locative ватри ватрама
instrumental ватром ватрама

Derived terms

References

  • “ватра”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Anagrams

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1
    2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
    "As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
  2. ^ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
  3. ^ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805

Ukrainian

Etymology

Borrowed from Romanian vatră or Aromanian vatrã, which in turn are borrowed from Tosk Albanian vatër (definite form vatra), from Proto-Albanian *ōtar, obtained through the *o to *vo-/*va- development which is observed exclusively in the Albanian language as the dipthongization of *o in the two major dialect groups (cf. also vadhë, varfër, vesh, etc.).[1][2][3] Some of the Slavic forms are explained as being borrowed from proto-Romanian or other Vlach languages through semi-nomadic Aromanian shepherds.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

ва́тра • (vátra) f inan (genitive ва́три, nominative plural ва́три, genitive plural ватр)

  1. (dialectal) fireside, bonfire, hearth

Declension

Declension of ва́тра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative ва́тра
vátra 		ва́три
vátry
genitive ва́три
vátry 		ватр
vatr
dative ва́трі
vátri 		ва́трам
vátram
accusative ва́тру
vátru 		ва́три
vátry
instrumental ва́трою
vátroju 		ва́трами
vátramy
locative ва́трі
vátri 		ва́трах
vátrax
vocative ва́тро
vátro 		ва́три
vátry

Synonyms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1
    2008, Willem Vermeer, “The prehistory of the Albanian vowel system: A preliminary exploration”, in Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, volume 32, page 606:
    "As is well known, the rise of Tosk as a recognizable dialec-tal unit involves two innovations that have parallels in early Romanian: Romanian centralized its *a in nasal contexts and part of the dialects under-went the development of intervocalic -n- to -r-. Romanian also famously borrowed vatër 'hearth' with patently Tosk va- and proceeded to spread it to wherever Vlachs expanded subsequently. The shared Tosk-Romanian innovations obviously constitute the final stage of the crucial and well-publicized period of Albanian-Romanian convergence. Since these inno-vations are found either not at all or only marginally in the Slavic loans into Romanian and Albanian, it follows that the rise of Tosk preceded both the expansion of Romanian and the influx of Slavic loans."
  2. ^ Hyllested, A., Joseph, B. D. (2022) “Albanian”, in Olander, T., editor, The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 232
  3. ^ Curtis, Matthew C. (2017–2018) “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Albanian, page 1805
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