Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěsařь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• (unaccented *ě reduced to *ь): *cьsarjь
• (unaccented *ь dropped): *carjь

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz (“emperor”).

Noun

*cěsařь m

1. emperor, king

Declension

Declension of *cěsařь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cěsařь	*cěsařa	*cěsaři
genitive	*cěsařa	*cěsařu	*cěsařь
dative	*cěsařu	*cěsařema	*cěsařemъ
accusative	*cěsařь	*cěsařa	*cěsařę̇
instrumental	*cěsařьmь, *cěsařemь*	*cěsařema	*cěsaři
locative	*cěsaři	*cěsařu	*cěsařixъ
vocative	*cěsařu	*cěsařa	*cěsaři

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), цьсарь (cĭsarĭ)
• Belarusian: цар (car)
• Russian: царь (carʹ) (see entry for further descendants)
• Ukrainian: цар (car)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: цѣсарь (cěsarĭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱌⱑⱄⰰⱃⱐ (cěsarĭ)

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: це̏са̄р

    Latin: cȅsār

  • Slovene: cêsar
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: císař
  • Kashubian: césôrz
  • Polish: cesarz
  • Slovak: cisár

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “царь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress