Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīnaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-, itself from *ǵʰeh₂-.

Verb

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*gīnaną[1][2]

  1. to gape, yawn

Inflection

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Conjugation of *gīnaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gīnō *gīnaų — *gīnai ?
2nd singular *gīnizi *gīnaiz *gīn *gīnazai *gīnaizau
3rd singular *gīnidi *gīnai *gīnadau *gīnadai *gīnaidau
1st dual *gīnōz *gīnaiw — — —
2nd dual *gīnadiz *gīnaidiz *gīnadiz — —
1st plural *gīnamaz *gīnaim — *gīnandai *gīnaindau
2nd plural *gīnid *gīnaid *gīnid *gīnandai *gīnaindau
3rd plural *gīnandi *gīnain *gīnandau *gīnandai *gīnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gain *ginį̄
2nd singular *gaint *ginīz
3rd singular *gain *ginī
1st dual *ginū *ginīw
2nd dual *ginudiz *ginīdiz
1st plural *ginum *ginīm
2nd plural *ginud *ginīd
3rd plural *ginun *ginīn
present past
participles *gīnandz *ginanaz
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Descendants

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  • Proto-West Germanic: *gīnan
    • Old English: ġīnan
    • Old Saxon: gīnan
  • Old Norse: gína

References

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  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ᴣīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
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