Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiljakwemô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wiljaną (“to want”) +‎ *kwemaną (“to come”). Literally "desired comer" (or "desired come!").

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): */ˈwil.jɑ.kwe.mɔːː/

Noun

*wiljakwemô

1. A wished-for guest or arrival.

Inflection

Declension of *wiljakwemô (an-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*wiljakwemô	*wiljakwemaniz
Vocative	*wiljakwemô	*wiljakwemaniz
Accusative	*wiljakwemanų	*wiljakwemanunz
Genitive	*wiljakweminiz	*wiljakwemanǫ̂
Dative	*wiljakwemini	*wiljakwemammaz
Instrumental	*wiljakweminē	*wiljakwemammiz

Interjection

*wiljakwemô

1. welcome!

Descendants

The first part of this compound was frequently confused with the descendants of *wela (“well”) following the loss of medial -ja-.

• Proto-West Germanic: *willjakwemō
  • Old English: wilcuma, wilcume
    • Middle English: welcome, wolcume, wulcume, wilcume
      • Scots: walcome
      • English: welcome
        • → Tok Pisin: welkam
        • → Pitcairn-Norfolk: welkam
    • ⇒ Old English: wilcumian, wylcumian, wellcumian (verb)
      • Middle English: wilcumen, wolcumen, welcomen
        • English: welcome
        • Scots: welcum, welcom, wellcom, willcom
      • ⇒ Old English: ġewilcumian
  • Old Frisian: *wilkuma
    • Saterland Frisian: wilkemen, wülkemen, wäilkúmen
    • West Frisian: wolkom
  • Old Saxon: *willikumo
    • Middle Low German: willekome, wilkome, willekom
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: willekomen, willekōmen (verb)
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: willekōmen, wolkōmen (past participle, adjective)
          • German Low German: willkomen
          • → Old Norse: velkominn (adjective)
            • Icelandic: velkominn
            • Faroese: vælkomin
            • Norwegian:
              • Norwegian Bokmål: velkommen
              • Norwegian Nynorsk: velkomen, velkommen
            • Old Swedish: vælkomin
              • Swedish: välkommen
            • Danish: velkommen
  • Old Dutch: *willikumo
    • Middle Dutch: willecome, wellecome, welcome
      • Dutch: welkom
        • Afrikaans: welkom
      • Limburgish: welkom, wilkóm
      • → Old French: willecome, willecomme, wilecome
        • Middle French: willecomme (adjective, interjection)
        • ⇒ Old French: willecomer, wilecomer (verb)
          • Middle French: welcumer, welcomer, welcomier (verb)
  • Old High German: willikwemo, williquemo, willikomo, willechomen
    • Middle High German: willekomen
      • Alemannic German: wéllkòmm, wol chomne, wolgcheemen, woul chemne
      • Cimbrian: bóolkhèmm
      • German: willkommen
      • Luxembourgish: wëllkëmm
  • → Vulgar Latin: *bene venītus, *bene venūtus (calque) (see there for further descendants)