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Nasional, Pasal 1 angka 1 menyatakan bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.

Digilib UNS, 2020

Hodairiyah. S111708006. Verbal and Nonverbal Expressions Reflecting Local Wisdom of Madurese Community on Death Ceremony at Aeng Tong-Tong, Saronggi, Sumenep. Thesis Advisor I: Prof. Dr. Wakit Abdullah, M. Hum, Advisor II: Dr. Dwi Purnanto, M.Hum. Thesis: Linguistic Study Program, Main Interests: Descriptive Linguistics. Post Graduate Program. Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. 2019. The purposes of this research are (1) to explain verbal and nonverbal expressions that are reflecting in the local wisdom of the Madurese community at the village of Aeng Tong-tong, Saronggi District, Sumenep Regency on the death ceremony, (2) to describe the lexical, grammatical and cultural meaning of verbal and non-verbal expressions that are reflecting the local wisdom of the community at the village of Aeng Tong-tong, Saronggi District, Sumenep Regency, on the death ceremony. (3) to explain the community's view of life about verbal and non- verbal expressions that are reflecting local wisdom at the village of Aeng Tong- tong, Saronggi District, Sumenep Regency, on the death ceremony. This research is a qualitative descriptive by using an ethnolinguistic approach. The data are consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data are terms, words, phrases and symbols contained in the events of the speech of death by using the method of interview and observation of the speakers (the leaders, clerics, clerics, the public). Secondary data come from important notes, books, texts, documents, papers, and other data related to this research. Data analysis use ethnoscience methods. Presentation of the results of data analysis is presented through formal and informal methods. The results of this research are (1) Verbal and non-verbal language expressions that are reflecting the local wisdom of the community at the death ceremony include; (a) signs in death, (b) pamatẻ tradition, (c) wa-dhuwa ', (d) lo'- tello', (e) pa'-empa ', (f) ma'-lema', (g) nem-enem, (h) to'-petto ', (i) pa'polo, (j) nyatos (k ) nyataon (l) nyaẻbu. (2) The meanings of verbal and nonverbal expressions in the ceremony of death are (a) marked by the sound of the taras / toas, the reading of the burdah. (b) pamatẻ commemorates the day of death as a final form of respect for the deceased by performing 4 basic obligations namely bathing, wrapping, worshiping, burying, and sortana. (c) wa-dhuwa 'commemorates the second day because the spirit is still at home (d) lo'-tello', commemorating the third day because the spirit still roams at home and faces torture. (e) pa'-empa ', commemorating the fourth day because the spirit still hasn't gone, (f) ma'-lema', commemorating the fifth day because the spirit is still around the house, (g) nem- enem, commemorating the sixth day because the spirit starts go, (h) to'-petto ', commemorating the seventh da y because the spirit starts going a little away but still around the family, (i) pa'polo, commemorating the fortieth day because the spirit will say goodbye to go, (j) nyatos, commemorating hundredth day because the spirit will go far away, (k ) nyataon, commemorating the annual day because the spirit will go further away, (l) nyaẻbu, commemorating the thousandth day because the spirit will go away or the spirit will sail and will not return again. (3) the views of the community and the mindset of these traditions (a) an obligation that must be carried out by the local community as a form of respect for spirits who xxv have passed away and can establish ties of friendship, (b) alms devoted to the spirit in the hope of being forgiven of all his sins and placed by his most noble side which can also encourage his children and grandchildren to always remember their parents who have died, (c) a historically strong belief based on social facts with a conservative mindset towards these traditions and become a very large existence in a culture as a form of local wisdom of the community through the practices and giving a symbolic dimension to other realms. Furthermore, death is a way back to God in a holy state and has confidence that God is the only one worshiped. And the view that God is forgiving so that humans always pray to apologize for sins or mistakes that have been made. Keywords: Ethnolinguistics, Verbal and Non-verbal Expressions, Death Ceremony Traditions, Madura.

Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara (Undang-Undang No. 20 tahun 2003 Pasal 1). Pendidikan mempunyai peran dan tujuan yang penting, tujuan pendidikan di Indonesia membentuk suatu hierarki yang saling berkaitan dan mempengaruhi. Hierarki tujuan tersebut antara lain: (1) tujuan umum pendidikan, (2) tujuan institusional, (3) tujuan pengajaran/kulikuler, (4) tujuan instruksional/pembelajaran (Hernawan dkk 2008: 1.18). Tujuan pendidikan memiliki nilai yang sangat penting dalam pembelajaran, seperti yang dikemukakan menurut Hamalik (2008: 80), bahwa tujuan pendidikan memberikan pedoman atau petunjuk kepada guru dalam rangka memilih dan menentukan metode mengajar atau menyediakan lingkungan belajar bagi siswa. Guru berperan menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang aktif dan menyenangkan. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran adalah dengan menentukan pendekatan, model, atau metode pada pembelajaran yang dilaksanakannya sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berlaku. Kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai tujuan, isi, dan bahan pelajaran serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan tertentu (Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2003 pasal 1 ayat 19). Kurikulum di Indonesia selalu mengalami perkembangan, kurikulum yang digunakan saat ini adalah Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). KTSP tahun 2006 terdiri dari beberapa mata pelajaran dan salah satunya adalah pelajaran matematika. Menurut Standar