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The concept of energy balance refers to the relationship between energy intake (from food and beverages) and energy expenditure (through physical activity, metabolic processes, and other bodily functions). When the energy intake and energy expenditure are equal, there is said to be an energy balance. When the energy intake is greater than the energy expenditure, a positive energy balance occurs, resulting in weight gain over time. Conversely, when the energy expenditure is greater than the energy intake, a negative energy balance occurs, resulting in weight loss over time.