CELLS TYPES

                 PROCESS 

Prokaryote definition
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures, the most noteworthy of which is the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells tend to be small, simple cells, measuring around 0.1-5 μm in diameter.   
 

Prokaryotic cell features
Here is a breakdown of what you might find in a prokaryotic bacterial cell.
•    Nucleoid: A central region of the cell that contains its DNA. 
•    Ribosome: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
•    Cell wall: The cell wall provides structure and protection from the outside environment. Most bacteria have a rigid cell wall made from carbohydrates and proteins called peptidoglycans.
•    Cell membrane: Every prokaryote has a cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, that separates the cell from the outside environment.
•    Capsule: Some bacteria have a layer of carbohydrates that surrounds the cell wall called the capsule. The capsule helps the bacterium attach to surfaces.
•    Fimbriae: Fimbriae are thin, hair-like structures that help with cellular attachment.
•    Pili: Pili are rod-shaped structures involved in multiple roles, including attachment and DNA transfer.
•    Flagella: Flagella are thin, tail-like structures that assist in movement.

Examples of prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea are the two types of prokaryotes.
Eukaryote definition
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane. Organelles are internal structures responsible for a variety of functions, such as energy production and protein synthesis.

Eukaryotic cell features
Within a eukaryotic cell, each membrane-bound structure carries out specific cellular functions. Here is an overview of many of the primary components of eukaryotic cells.
•    Nucleus: The nucleus stores the genetic information in chromatin form.
•    Nucleolus: Found inside of the nucleus, the nucleolus is the part of eukaryotic cells where ribosomal RNA is produced.
•    Plasma membrane: The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the entire cell and encompasses the organelles within.
•    Cytoskeleton or cell wall: The cytoskeleton or cell wall provides structure, allows for cell movement, and plays a role in cell division.
•    Ribosomes: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
•    Mitochondria: Mitochondria, also known as the powerhouses of the cell, are responsible for energy production.
•    Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the region of the cell between the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane.
•    Cytosol: Cytosol is a gel-like substance within the cell that contains the organelles.
•    Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle dedicated to protein maturation and transportation.
•    Vesicles and vacuoles: Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs involved in transportation and storage.

Examples of eukaryotes
Animals, plants, fungi, algae, and protozoans are all eukaryotes.

All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, share these four features:
1.       DNA
2.       Plasma membrane
3.       Cytoplasm
4.       Ribosomes