Scientists reveal the type of TEETH that means you have a gene inherited from Neanderthals

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Your smile is likely one of the first things a person notices about you.

Now, experts have found that the shape of our teeth may have been influenced by Neanderthals.

A study has revealed that interbreeding with the ancient species of human thousands of years ago still has lasting genetic effects on some people today.

And it has led to substantial differences in teeth between ethnicities – especially for Europeans who have inherited the gene.

The team, which included researchers from University College London (UCL), analysed data from 882 volunteers in Colombia of mixed European, Native American and African ancestry, including dental crown measurements derived from 3D scans of dental plaster casts.

They compared these measurements with the participants’ genetic information and identified 18 genome regions that influence the size and shape of different groups of teeth.

One of the genes is believed to be inherited from Neanderthals due to interbreeding with ancient humans.

Carriers of the gene have thinner incisors – the eight teeth at the front of the mouth.

Interestingly, this genetic variant, which contributes to tooth development, was only found in those of European descent. 

On the whole, those of European descent also had smaller teeth.

Lead author Dr Kaustubh Adhikari said that while this gene makes people have thinner teeth, it does not mean they will be more sensitive or prone to cracking.

'The "thickness" of the incisors we are talking about is the overall dimension of the incisor from front to back, not the thickness of the enamel layer,’ he said.

‘The variation in overall thickness that we observe, given that these are all healthy people with no dental malformations, is modest.

‘Our study volunteers didn't have hyper-thin teeth which might've been more crack-prone or sensitive.

‘In other words, the slightly thinner teeth that some of these people have, due to the gene we identified, is not a bad thing.

‘So it's nothing to worry about - it's all part of normal human variation.’

While having a thin layer of enamel on the teeth can influence whiteness, Dr Adhikari said that is not the case in this instance.

‘Tooth sensitivity and whiteness are usually influenced by enamel – the thin but strong layer coating the outside of your teeth’, he said.

‘The genes that influence enamel are different from the genes we have found in our study, which is not a surprise because we didn’t study enamel, we studied only the overall size of the tooth.

‘As far as we understand, the two things are being controlled by somewhat separate biological processes.’

Co-lead author Professor Andrés Ruiz-Linares added: ‘Our findings did not shed light on whether the genes that identify tooth shape were selected in evolution due to particular advantages to dental health.

'So it’s possible that the genes may have been selected due to the influences they have in other areas, with tooth shape differences resulting as a side-effect.’

The lead authors of the study have previously found that genes inherited from Neanderthals may impact the shape of our noses, and also contribute to greater overall pain sensitivity.

Their findings were published in the journal Current Biology.