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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (17 results)

  • Article
UCLA Previously Published Works (2023)
    Cover page: "Integrated Structured Light Architectures” – A Review
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, Volume 16, Issue 3 (1988)
    No abstract
      Cover page: Kiswahili Resistance Publishing at the Kenya Coast
      • Article
      Library Prize for Undergraduate Research (2022)
      Abstract: HIV-1 is the most common Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It attacks the body’s immune system and kills CD4 cells. Antiretroviraltherapies (ART) have been developed to combat HIV-1, however HIV-1 persists is due to reservoirs of latent virus in the body. Inaddition, up to 50% of patients on ART will develop motor/memory impairments later in life withHIV-1 associated neurocognitive diseases (HAND)(Rai2020). Previous experiments have found that cells in the central nervous system (CNS), such as astrocytes andmicroglia, are potential reservoirs for latent HIV in the body and could contribute to HAND (Wallet 2019). However, the results are conflicting as to which cell types can be infected. Targeting these reservoirs in vivo is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier preventing drugs from reaching these reservoirs (Wallet 2019). In the lab, the mechanisms of HIV infection can be studied using the replication competent strain, AD8 or dEnv, a virus pseudotyped with an envelope from Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) that has a different entry mechanism to infect cells, but cannot replicate (Hastie 2013). In my research project, I hypothesize that AD8 will selectively infect microglial cells. Microglial cells infected with either AD8 or dEnv will then lead to reactive changes in astrocytes and neurons leading to the pathology seen in HAND. In this study, the production of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derived microglia, neurons, and astrocytes was optimized using immuno histochemistry (IHC) and qPCR. The effects of HIV infectionon microglia proliferation and migration was determined. After successful  differentiation of neural progenit or cells (NPCs) to neurons and astrocytes, atri-culture system was then optimized to study the indirect effects of HIV infection, via the consequence of infected microglia on other cells in the CNS.
        Cover page: The Direct and Indirect Effects of HIV-1 on Cells of the Central Nervous System
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 4 (2020)

        Case Presentation: A 48-year-old-female presented to the emergency department with dislodgement of her percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, necessitating bedside replacement. Replacement was done without difficulty and gastrografin radiography was obtained to confirm positioning. Radiography revealed contrast filling the colon at the splenic flexure and proximal descending colon suggestive of colocutaneous fistula formation.

        Discussion: The patient required hospitalization with surgical consultation, initiation of parenteral nutrition, and conservative management of the fistula with surgical replacement of the PEG tube. Although rare, it is paramount for the emergency physician to be aware of this complication when undertaking bedside replacement of PEG tubes.

          Cover page: Colocutaneous Fistula after Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube InsertionCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, Volume 3, Issue 4 (2019)
          A 47-year-old male presented to the emergency department with 12 hours of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a widespread skin eruption with mottled, irregular, purpuric lesions with subsequent rapid decompensation. Laboratory analysis revealed thrombocytopenia, bandemia, elevated metamyelocytes, abnormal coagulation panel, decreased fibrinogen, elevated fibrin split products, renal dysfunction, bacterial rods, dohle bodies, and toxic granulation. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) was confirmed via bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may be the initial presentation of APML. When treated promptly, APML can achieve high remission rates; however, conditions such as DIC continue to increase mortality requiring early recognition to improve survival rates.
            Cover page: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation with Purpura Fulminans Presentation of Acute Promyelocytic LeukemiaCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            LBL Publications (2023)
            BACKGROUND: Household cleaning products are the second most common cause of unintentional poisoning in children < 6 years old in the United States. The aim of this study is to characterize exposures to household cleaning substances in this age group from data collected from the Nations Poison Control Centers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed all household cleaner calls classified as age < 6 years old made to the American Association of Poison Control Centers between January 1st 2000 and December 31th 2015. RESULTS: Significant clinical effects or injury was low, making up only 2.6% of cases with a known medical outcome. Alkali-based cleaning products accounted for the third highest frequency of overall exposures and the highest number of all exposure outcomes determined to have a significant clinical effect or injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated particular danger of adverse outcomes after exposure to alkali-based cleaning products, specifically alkali-based oven and drain cleaners. Both of which are readily accessible in many households. This study may be a good starting point for further study and poison prevention efforts.
              Cover page: Unintentional pediatric exposures to household cleaning products: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Poison Data System (2000-2015).
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, Volume 2, Issue 4 (2018)
              Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, “with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours.”1,2 A 54-year-old male presented to our emergency department with paroxysms of left-sided flank pain, suggestive of renal colic. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis revealed a three-millimeter left ureterovesicular-junction calculus. Pain control proved difficult, necessitating multiple doses of opioid and non-opioid analgesia. Subsequently, the patient developed repetitive questioning and perseveration with anterograde amnesia with a negative CT brain and unremarkable further workup. He experienced a complete resolution of symptoms within a 24-hour period, with a discharge diagnosis of TGA secondary to nephrolithiasis. This is the third case of TGA attributed to nephrolithiasis in the medical literature.
                Cover page: Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to NephrolithiasisCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 3 (2020)

                Introduction: Respiratory viral illnesses are associated with diverse neurological complications, including acute transverse myelitis (ATM). Among the respiratory viral pathogens, the Coronaviridae family and its genera coronaviruses have been implicated as having neurotropic and neuroinvasive capabilities in human hosts. Despite previous strains of coronaviruses exhibiting neurotropic and neuroinvasive capabilities, little is known about the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its involvement with the central nervous system (CNS). The current pandemic has highlighted the diverse clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 including a possible link to CNS manifestation with disease processes such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and cerebrovascular disease. It is critical to shed light on the varied neurological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 to ensure clinicians do not overlook at-risk patient populations and are able to provide targeted therapies appropriately.

                Case Report: While there are currently no published reports on post-infectious ATM secondary to SARS-CoV-2, there is one report of parainfectious ATM attributed to SARS-CoV-2 in pre-print. Here, we present a case of infectious ATM attributed to SARS-CoV-2 in a 24-year-old male who presented with bilateral lower-extremity weakness and overflow urinary incontinence after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed non-enhancing T2-weighted hyperintense signal abnormalities spanning from the seventh through the twelfth thoracic level consistent with acute myelitis.

                Conclusion: The patient underwent further workup and treatment with intravenous corticosteroids with improvement of symptoms and a discharge diagnosis of ATM secondary to SARS-CoV-2.

                  Cover page: Acute Transverse Myelitis Secondary to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Case ReportCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
                  • Article
                  • Peer Reviewed
                  UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2020)

                  Objective

                  Content and training about pediatric environmental health are lacking in healthcare professionals' education. In an initiative to improve pediatric environmental health education, the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU) program offers free, interactive, web-based ("eLearning") modules on environmental health topics. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of PEHSU eLearning modules in increasing knowledge about pediatric and reproductive environmental health.

                  Methods

                  This is a retrospective analysis of 994 users who had completed at least one of the 12 PEHSU eLearning modules and its associated pre-test and post-test scores between March 2016 and November 2018. Users who completed modules between March 2016 and April 2018 received a 6-month follow-up survey to assess the impact of the knowledge gained on their clinical practice.

                  Results

                  A wide range of clinical professionals and nonclinical professionals utilized and completed the PEHSU eLearning modules. For all users, post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores, with an increase of 30.55% ± 22.37 (paired t-test, p < 0.0001), after completion of eLearning modules.

                  Conclusion

                  PEHSU eLearning modules are effective at increasing environmental health knowledge of clinical and nonclinical professionals. Further studies are needed to determine long-term knowledge retention and clinical impact.
                    Cover page: Evaluating Effectiveness of Online Learning Modules in Pediatric Environmental Health Education
                    • Article
                    • Peer Reviewed
                    UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2023)
                    Job instability is high among autistic adults, with employer-initiated terminations a common reason for job loss. The current study used qualitative methods to code reasons that autistic adults identified for their employer-initiated termination. From 315 autistic individuals ages 18-35 who completed an online survey, 93 (29.5%) reported having been terminated from a job. These individuals were asked about the reasons for their termination and responses were coded into thematic categories. Common reasons included work performance, social difficulties, attendance, and mental health challenges. Adults were more likely to attribute terminations to internal causes (related to the individual) than to external causes (environment-related). A good fit between workplace, individual preferences, skills, and abilities is likely key to promoting job continuity for autistic adults.
                      Cover page: Perspectives on Employer-Initiated Terminations Among Young Adults on the Autism SpectrumCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
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