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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (7 results)

  • Article
Department of Statistics Papers (2001)

The many-player game of selling an asset, introducced by Sakaguchi and extended to montone voting procedures by Yasuda, Nakagami and Kurano, is reviewed. Conditions for a unique equilibrium among stationary threshold strategies are given for the independent, unanimous consent case.

    Cover page: Selection by Committee
    • Article
    Department of Statistics Papers (2002)

    How should we invest captial into a sequence of investment opportunities, if, for reasons of external competition, our interest focuses on trying to invest in the very best opportunity? We introduce new models to answer such questions. Our objective is to formulate them in a way that makes results high-risk specific in order to present true alternatives to other models. At the same time we try to keep them applicable in quite some generality, also for different utility functions. Viewing high risk situations we assume that an investment on the very best opportunity yields a lucrative, possibly time dependent, raate of return, that uninvested captial keeps its risk free value, whereas "wrong" investments lose their value. Several modesl are presented, mainly for the so-called rank-based case. Optimal strategies and values are found, also for different utility functions, and several examples are explicitly solved. We also include results for the so-called full-information case, where, in addition, the quality distribution of investment opportunites is supposed to be known. In addition we present tractable models for an unknown number of opportunities in terms of Pascal arrival processes. Effort is made throughout the paper to justify assumptions in the view of applicability.

      Cover page: High Risk and Competitive Investment Models
      • Article
      Department of Statistics Papers (2002)
        Cover page: Toetjes na
        • Article
        Department of Statistics Papers (1999)

        The authors show how Kendall's tau can be adapted to test against serial dependence in a univariate time series context. They provide formulas for the mean and variance of circular and non-circular versions of this statistic, and they prove its asymptotic normality. They present also a Monte Carlo study comparing the power and size of a test based on Kendall's tau to that of competing procedures based on alternative parametric and nonparametric measures of serial dependence. In particular, their simulations indicate that Kendall's tau outperforms Spearman's rho in detecting first-order autoregressive dependence, despite the fact that these two statistics are asymptotically equivalent.

          Cover page: Kendall's tau for autocorrelation
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2015)
          Cones comprise only a small portion of the photoreceptors in mammalian retinas. However, cones are vital for color vision and visual perception, and their loss severely diminishes the quality of life for patients with retinal degenerative diseases. Cones function in bright light and have higher demand for energy than rods; yet, the mechanisms that support the energy requirements of cones are poorly understood. One such pathway that potentially could sustain cones under basal and stress conditions is macroautophagy. We addressed the role of macroautophagy in cones by examining how the genetic block of this pathway affects the structural integrity, survival, and function of these neurons. We found that macroautophagy was not detectable in cones under normal conditions but was readily observed following 24 h of fasting. Consistent with this, starvation induced phosphorylation of AMPK specifically in cones indicating cellular starvation. Inhibiting macroautophagy in cones by deleting the essential macroautophagy gene Atg5 led to reduced cone function following starvation suggesting that cones are sensitive to systemic changes in nutrients and activate macroautophagy to maintain their function. ATG5-deficiency rendered cones susceptible to light-induced damage and caused accumulation of damaged mitochondria in the inner segments, shortening of the outer segments, and degeneration of all cone types, revealing the importance of mitophagy in supporting cone metabolic needs. Our results demonstrate that macroautophagy supports the function and long-term survival of cones providing for their unique metabolic requirements and resistance to stress. Targeting macroautophagy has the potential to preserve cone-mediated vision during retinal degenerative diseases.
            Cover page: Autophagy supports color vision.
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2016)
              Cover page: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)Creative Commons 'BY-NC-ND' version 4.0 license
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2021)
              In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
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