Federal agencies are taking many steps to improve the sustainability of their operations, including improving the energy efficiency of their buildings, promoting recycling and reuse of materials, encouraging carpooling and alternative transit schemes, and installing low flow water fixture units are just a few of the common examples. However, an often overlooked means of energy savings is to provide feedback to building users about their energy use through information dashboards connected to a building?s energy information system. An Energy Information System (EIS), broadly defined, is a package of performance monitoring software, data acquisition hardware, and communication systems that is used to collect, store, analyze, and display energy information. At a minimum, the EIS provides the whole-building energy-use information (Granderson 2009a). We define a ?dashboard? as a display and visualization tool that utilizes the EIS data and technology to provide critical information to users. This information can lead to actions resulting in energy savings, comfort improvements, efficient operations, and more. The tools to report analyzed information have existed in the information technology as business intelligence (Few 2006). The dashboard is distinguished from the EIS as a whole, which includes additional hardware and software components to collect and storage data, and analysis for resources and energy management (Granderson 2009b). EIS can be used for a variety of uses, including benchmarking, base-lining, anomaly detection, off-hours energy use evaluation, load shape optimization, energy rate analysis, retrofit and retro-commissioning savings (Granderson 2009a). The use of these EIS features depends on the specific users. For example, federal and other building managers may use anomaly detection to identify energy waste in a specific building, or to benchmark energy use in similar buildings to identify energy saving potential and reduce operational cost. There are several vendors of EIS technology that provide information on energy and other environmental variables in buildings.

In two Central Valley plum orchards, nearly all the trees started exhibiting copious amounts of dark gumballs on scaffold branches and main trunks. Exposed bark showed extensive tissue necrosis and necrotic stem-pitting on the surface of the woody cylinders. Eventually, both orchards had to be removed and replanted. The symptoms were highly suggestive of a viral or viruslike disease agent. We began studies to characterize the pathogen associated with the failure of these orchards and were successful in associating the disease with a new virus that proved to have an extensive host range in many cultivated Prunus. Characterization of this virus is under way.

This dissertation considers the social, political, legal, cultural, historical, temporal, and other contextual forces concerning educational access for young people experiencing forms of state custody and surveillance at the intersections of multipleidentity markers and inquires into efforts to resist injustices. It also explores educational experiences and institutional interactions of youth identified as deviant, delinquent, and/or disabled, with particular attention on youth transferred from juvenile court jurisdictions to adult criminal courts and jails. Most of the research focuses on urban counties in the Midwest, and one chapter presents an analysis of a national landscape.

The primary methodologies are critical policy analysis, critical archiving processes, activist archiving, and archiving activism. Multiple trans-disciplinary critical frameworks inform and accompany this process, including DisCrit, Critical Policy Studies, Critical Horology, Critical Carceral Studies, Method-Making (McKittrick, 2021), and Sara Ahmed’s (2021) interrogation of the complex phenomenology of institutional complaint procedures and complainants' experiences during complaint processes. The analysis exposes disconnects between policy intentions and policy outcomes and the unjust consequences of those policy fractures experienced and resisted by affected young people and their loved ones. It also reveals how carceral logics inform, intersect with, and buttress institutions such as schools and social agencies.