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    Practical CGM: Improving Patient Outcomes through Continuous Glucose Monitoring
    Practical CGM: Improving Patient Outcomes through Continuous Glucose Monitoring
    Practical CGM: Improving Patient Outcomes through Continuous Glucose Monitoring
    Ebook156 pages1 hour

    Practical CGM: Improving Patient Outcomes through Continuous Glucose Monitoring

    By Gary Scheiner

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    About this ebook

    Use of real-time continuous glucose monitors among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly and should continue to grow until an artificial pancreas is brought to market. Likewise, use of professional systems in healthcare practices is expanding. But, other than manufacturer instructional manuals and some book chapters on CGMs, there are no standalone publications available with concise, non-commercial instructions on CGM prescription and use.

    Additionally, continuous glucose monitors are too often not used to their full and proper potential. This leaves users with suboptimal glucose control and can result in system abandonment.

    To address this, diabetes educator and author Gary Scheiner has created Practical CGM: Improving Patient Outcomes through Continuous Glucose Monitoring to give healthcare providers the skill to make more effective use of the data generated by continuous glucose monitors, in both real-time and on a retrospective analytic basis. Using a plain-language approach and distilling content to concise, practical tips and techniques, Scheiner has created a guide that will help practitioners optimize patient use of CGM systems and, ultimately, improve glucose control and patient health outcomes.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAmerican Diabetes Association
    Release dateMay 6, 2015
    ISBN9781580406260
    Practical CGM: Improving Patient Outcomes through Continuous Glucose Monitoring

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      Book preview

      Practical CGM - Gary Scheiner

      title.jpg

      Director, Book Publishing, Abe Ogden; Managing Editor, Greg Guthrie; Acquisitions Editor, Victor Van Beuren; Production Manager and Composition, Melissa Sprott; Copyediting, Cenveo, Inc.; Cover Design, Kim Woody; Photography, Cameron Whitman Photography; Printer, United Graphics.

      ©2015 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.® All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including duplication, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the American Diabetes Association.

      Printed in the United States of America

      1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

      The suggestions and information contained in this publication are generally consistent with the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes and other policies of the American Diabetes Association, but they do not represent the policy or position of the Association or any of its boards or committees. Reasonable steps have been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the American Diabetes Association cannot ensure the safety or efficacy of any product or service described in this publication. Individuals are advised to consult a physician or other appropriate health care professional before undertaking any diet or exercise program or taking any medication referred to in this publication. Professionals must use and apply their own professional judgment, experience, and training and should not rely solely on the information contained in this publication before prescribing any diet, exercise, or medication. The American Diabetes Association—its officers, directors, employees, volunteers, and members—assumes no responsibility or liability for personal or other injury, loss, or damage that may result from the suggestions or information in this publication.

      Jane Chiang, MD, conducted the internal review of this book to ensure that it meets American Diabetes Association guidelines.

      PiSymbol.tif The paper in this publication meets the requirements of the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper).

      ADA titles may be purchased for business or promotional use or for special sales. To purchase more than 50 copies of this book at a discount, or for custom editions of this book with your logo, contact the American Diabetes Association at the address below or at [email protected].

      American Diabetes Association

      1701 North Beauregard Street

      Alexandria, Virginia 22311

      DOI: 10.2337/9781580406031

      For more information or assistance with CGM or intensive diabetes management, Gary Scheiner may be reached at (877) 735-3648 (outside North America, +1-610-642-6055) or [email protected].

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Scheiner, Gary.

      Practical continuous glucose monitoring / Gary Scheiner.

      pages cm

      Summary: This book will help readers understand the benefits of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems, and how to use them properly to manage diabetes and manage it right-- Provided by publisher.

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-1-58040-603-1 (paperback)

      1. Insulin pumps. 2. Insulin--Therapeutic use. 3. Blood sugar monitoring. I. Title.

      RC661.I63S34 2015

      616.4’62061--dc23

      2015011945

      eISBN: 978-1-58040-626-0

      Contents

      Foreword by Donna Tomky

      Foreword by Bruce Buckingham

      Introduction

      1 Essentials of Continuous Glucose Monitoring

      2 Maximizing the Benefits in Real Time

      3 Improving Control with CGM Data Analysis

      4 Defeating the Downsides

      Appendix: Helpful Products for Sensor Site Management

      References

      Foreword

      by Donna Tomky

      Everyone needs a practical guide to help them decipher the complex data they receive from a technological source, especially when that source is powerful continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology. Gary Scheiner has put together this informative and helpful guide to aid both novices and experienced practitioners in getting the best results out of CGM devices.

      Practical CGM discusses who might consider using CGM devices and breaks down the particular benefits for each individual, including patients, professionals, caregivers, and significant others. Individual considerations for each device help identify which devices may be better suited for some and not for others; after all, not all devices will fit everyone perfectly! His unbiased review of the currently available CGM equipment is necessary and essential. Gary helps shed light on the performance aspects of each device and what we can expect from them. He demystifies the data that come from CGM and shows us what to do with all those numbers! Knowing what those numbers mean and how to interpret trends leads to tighter and safer glucose control. After all, isn’t that what CGM is all about?

      Gary is not afraid to use his own life with diabetes to illuminate the ups and downs of using a CGM device. For example, he recommends practical high-alert settings to prevent users from bolusing while insulin is on board. He appropriately calls this a rage bolus or an angry bolus when it is done in response to an apparently slow response to insulin administration. These practical and real-life examples from his life and from his practice help show that the frustration and anger many of us have experienced while using insulin are normal and understandable. What we must do is learn to work around those feelings.

      CGM wearers and clinicians alike will appreciate Gary’s practical guidelines for selecting useful reports and getting the best results from device software. The discussion about how to determine whether data are inaccurate or reliable is timely and important. Gary shows how statistical analysis of CGM data can guide translation of CGM data into real-life results. Through numerous examples and case studies, we see how putting information into practice can help us better interpret the complexities of CGM data. As a health-care provider, these case studies reminded me of past patients and situations that fit these patterns and made me really appreciate his brilliant insight.

      Be sure to read his Ingredients for Success, starting on page 89, which is a series of concise best practices for CGM success. This section is a worthwhile read and perhaps should be read first to summarize how to avoid and troubleshoot problems.

      Practical CGM is a practical guide for anyone using or interpreting CGM data, and I think anyone who uses CGM or helps those who use it should find this book insightful, helpful, and essential.

      Donna Tomky, MSN, RN, ANP-BC, CDE, FAADE, is the 2011 Past President of the American Association of Diabetes Educators and works in the Department of Endocrinology at ABQ Health Partners in Albuquerque, NM.

      Foreword

      by Bruce Buckingham

      For anyone considering using CGM—and for health-care providers who are new to or experienced with CGM use—Practical CGM provides a wealth of facts and tips. The principles of CGM are clearly explained and will remain valid for many years to come, even as the technology progressively improves. The current systems are explained in great detail, with many practical tips for the new or experienced user or health-care professional. This book is essential for anyone considering or currently using CGM.

      One of the keys to CGM use is setting appropriate expectations. This means providing clear guidelines on how to achieve the most with a CGM and how to balance the wealth of information, which Gary appropriately calls datus overwhelmus. Gary has done an excellent job in setting those expectations so that people using a CGM will not be overwhelmed and will be able to take full advantage of what CGM has to offer.

      CGM has been available since 2000, initially for retrospective review of glucose data and then for real-time monitoring. The ability to continuously monitor glucose values was considered a game changer for diabetes management, and there were initially very high expectations about how this information would improve glycemic control and the lives of people with diabetes. These expectations are now just beginning to be realized 15 years later. The early devices were not very accurate, were bigger, and had many issues with insertion and skin reactions to adhesives. Over the last several years, there have been significant improvements in both the accuracy and the wearability of these devices, and they are now being integrated into consumer electronics, such as smartphones. With improved sensor accuracy, people are beginning to rely on them more and more to make diabetes-management decisions, often depending on sensor values to make insulin dose decisions off label. Practical CGM acknowledges this practice and provides many helpful guidelines on how to do this safely as well as when to get an essential meter reading. Using glucose trend information in real time is critical to maximizing the benefits of a CGM. CGM users will find many examples of how to adjust their insulin boluses and manage exercise using rate-of-change information.

      In the future, there will be factory-calibrated sensors that will only require the use of a meter reading

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