The Great Houdini: His British Tours

Bibliography

Introduction

Harry Houdini was born Erik Weisz in Hungary on 24 March 1874, however, he claimed that he had been born in Appleton, Wisconsin on 6 April 1874. He was the son of Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weiss and his wife, Cecilia. He had a very close bond with his mother all his life.

Erik was one of seven children and had five brothers and one sister. One of his brothers, Herman, died at a young age.

On 3 July 1878, he travelled to the United States sailing on the SS Fresia with his mother and brothers and they settled in Appleton, Wisconsin where Erik’s father served as a Rabbi. They changed the spelling of their surname to Weiss and Erik’s name became Ehrich. His friends called him ‘Ehrie’ or ‘Harry’.

At the age of 9, Ehrich gave his first public appearance when he performed as a trapeze artist and was billed as the ‘Prince of the Air’. When he became a magician, he changed his name to Harry Houdini as he greatly admired the French magician, Jean Eugene Robert-Houdin.

Houdini started performing magic in 1891 and entertained with card tricks at sideshows and dime museums. At the time, he called himself ‘The King of Cards’.

He later became interested in escape acts and appeared with his brother, Theo (Hardeen) whom Houdini also called ‘Dash’. In 1893, while performing at Coney Island with Theo, he met Wilhelmina Beatrice Rahner (Bess). Houdini married Bess and she replaced Theo in his act.

In 1899 Houdini met his future manager, Martin Beck in Woodstock, Illinois. Beck was impressed by Houdini’s stage act and booked him to appear on the Orpheum vaudeville circuit. The following year Beck arranged for Houdini to tour Europe. His first interviews in London were unsuccessful until he escaped from handcuffs at Scotland Yard, baffling his captives. Then he was booked at the Alhambra Theatre for six months by its manager, C. Dundas Slater and so began a series of tours around Great Britain that would continue for the next twenty years.

I have always been fascinated by Houdini and the more I’ve read about him, the more I’ve discovered about all the many venues that he played at all over Great Britain. There have been many books written about Houdini but none cover his tours of Britain in their entirety. In this book I have tried to collect together as many stories, newspaper cuttings, posters, adverts and photos of his visits to the UK.

A theatre poster advertising Harry Houdini King of Cards.

Houdini visited many theatres and music halls between 1900 and 1920. This book contains all his known venues during those years. There are probably more and, as they are discovered, they will be added to the book when it’s revised in future editions. Amazingly, many libraries have no information that Houdini ever appeared in their towns and cities. This seems strange but perhaps newspaper articles and photos were lost during the heavy bombing of the Second World War.

Where possible, I have tried to include the complete account of the show as it was reported at the time in the local newspaper. This not only gives a good impression of what Houdini’s act was like but also gives a feel of the time by including other performers who appeared on the bill with weird and wonderful acts such as performing dogs, contortionists, jugglers, illusionists, trapeze acts and comedians.

I hope that the book will not only provide a good reference for people interested in the life of Houdini, but will also prove interesting to those who had no knowledge that Houdini ever appeared in their town or city.

Chapter One

1900 – The First Tour

In a time when there were no cinemas, television or radio, theatres attracted audiences in their thousands and music hall artists were the film stars of the day. Top acts could pack out theatres and many people were turned away. Typical acts in 1900 included comedians, acrobats, military displays, bicycle acts, gymnasts and, of course, magicians. Well-known illusionists included Chung Ling Soo, the Great Lafayette, the Great Raymond, David Devant and many more. All would have a great influence on one man, who, at the beginning of 1900, hardly anyone in Great Britain had heard of. That man was, of course, Harry Houdini and, at the beginning of the twentieth century, with music hall at its peak, all was about to change for Houdini. Over the next twenty years, he appeared in theatres all over Great Britain performing escape acts, illusions, card tricks and outdoor stunts which would lead to his becoming one of the world’s highest paid entertainers.

Houdini’s tours of Britain began in the summer of 1900. He had heard that American magicians and vaudeville acts were doing well in Britain so he decided to travel to London with his wife, Bess. They sailed for England on 30 May 1900. Houdini was seasick for much of the journey and always suffered the same when travelling across the ocean. Arriving with no future engagements or work lined up, they visited several London agents but little interest was shown. At the same time, they met Harry Day, who was new to the business. He liked Houdini and promised to get him an audition at the Alhambra Theatre.

The Alhambra Theatre in the early 1900s.

The Alhambra had formerly been the Royal Panopticon of Science and Art which had been built in the early 1850s to display scientific exhibitions and discoveries in art and manufacturing. It had limited success and was sold in 1857 so that it could be converted into the Alhambra Palace and a circus ring was installed. By 1860, a stage was added and the venue was converted into the Alhambra Palace Music Hall which opened its doors in December of that year. A new licence was issued in 1871 and the theatre was allowed to stage drama productions. The theatre was destroyed by fire in 1882 before being re-opened the following year and renamed the Alhambra Theatre of Varieties. All the big names of the day appeared there and it proved to be a major attraction in London.

A portrait of C. Dundas Slater, the manager of the Alhambra Theatre.

Houdini visited the Alhambra Theatre in Leicester Square, shortly after meeting Harry Day, where he met with the manager, C. Dundas Slater, who told him that handcuff artists were ‘a dime a dozen’. To prove his worth, Houdini arranged to have a Superintendent Melville cuff him to a pillar at Scotland Yard using British regulation handcuffs. Melville showed Dundas to the door saying that they would return and free Houdini when he had exhausted himself. Before they could turn the doorknob, they heard a shout and Houdini was free. On the strength of his miraculous escape, Houdini was signed up to open at the Alhambra in July.

A view of Leicester Square showing the Alhambra Theatre in the background.

An early publicity photo showing Houdini, complete in dress suit, with his hands cuffed.

Houdini displaying the manacles and handcuffs which he has managed to escape from.

Houdini manacled and chained before his miraculous escape.

On Wednesday 27 June, Houdini put on a private rehearsal for members of the press at the theatre. Some had come prepared with their own handcuffs and these were put on Houdini who then retired into a crimson tent, which took up centre stage, before emerging a minute later with his hands free. Afterwards, an ancient uncomfortable pair of cuffs, which had rusty locks, were placed on his wrists. They were quite tight and produced blue rings where they encircled his arms. After two minutes of seclusion in his tent, he succeeded in opening them. Although spectators were told that they could freely examine the tent, many looked upon it suspiciously. It was suggested that an ordinary screen should be used and Mr Slater, the manager, happily produced one.

An advert for Mr Harry Houdini, the world’s greatest mystifier and handcuff king.

Houdini then had his hands manacled behind his back and irons were placed on his ankles; a further pair of handcuffs fastened his hands to his feet. He remained in a kneeling position at the front of the stage, facing the auditorium. The screen was then placed behind him so it did not block the view of the spectators, but prevented the committee on the stage from watching the proceedings. He quickly freed himself from all his bonds and threw his shackles on the floor one by one, all opened and undamaged. Houdini announced to the audience that he didn’t slip the handcuffs but always unlocked them.

A poster promoting the Houdinis’ famous box trick, Metamorphosis.

Afterwards, he performed the box trick and some clever feats with playing cards.

Working together, the Houdinis’ act at the Alhambra soon became very popular. It combined sleight of hand tricks, singing, a clairvoyance routine and the infamous trunk trick. Their first show was on 2 July 1900 and the poster from 6 July had him tenth on the bill and listed as ‘The Handcuff King’.

Part of Houdini’s act was the Metamorphosis trick. His hands were fastened behind his back by his wife, Bess, his assistant, before he was placed in a large sack which was tied at the top. Both Houdini and the sack were then placed inside a strong, large box which was both padlocked and strapped. The box was placed inside a cabinet and curtains were drawn in front of it by Mrs Houdini, herself behind the curtains. She clapped three times and on the third clap, Houdini would draw open the curtain to reveal himself free of the box. However, Mrs Houdini was gone and when the box was opened and the sack untied, she was found to be inside it with her hands bound in the same manner as Houdini’s had been a few seconds earlier. The trick was very popular with audiences and received huge applause.

A programme showing the acts appearing at the Alhambra during July 1900. Houdini is tenth on the bill.

Also on the bill were Chinko, the renowned boy juggler; Nelson Hardy, ventriloquist; Freres Hoste, acrobatic ball comedians; Miss Audrey Stafford, vocalist; the Follies, Pierott entertainment; May and Flora Hengler, American duettists and dancers; Saharet, Australian dancer; Rudinoff; Chung Ling Soo, magician; Lee Richardson, fancy bicyclist and the Marinko Quintette, Servian singers and dancers. Also featured were an orchestral selection, photos from the front on the Animatograph and a patriotic military display. All were huge acts at the time and crowd-pullers, but the best known today, apart from Houdini, was Chung Ling Soo, who was billed as Chinese but was actually an American whose real name was William Ellsworth Robinson. Houdini and Chung Ling Soo were to become great friends.

An early photo of Bess and Harry Houdini on stage with the roped box used in the illusion, Metamorphosis. The crimson curtained area used during the trick can be seen in the background. Houdini called this his ‘ghost house’.

Chung Ling Soo (left) who appeared on the bill with Houdini at the Alhambra during 1900.

An advert from the London Evening Standard of Wednesday, 4 July 1900 announcing Houdini’s appearance at the Alhambra. Gentlemen are invited to bring handcuffs or manacles of any description to test Houdini.

On the first night, a magician known as the Great Cirnoc shouted from the audience during Houdini’s act stating that he, not Houdini, was the true Handcuff King and that Houdini was a fake. Houdini challenged Cirnoc to escape from a large pair of handcuffs called the ‘Bean Giant’. The handcuffs had been built by Captain Bean of Boston who had challenged anyone to escape from them. Houdini succeeded and continued to use the cuffs in his act. Cirnoc refused the challenge and Houdini put the cuffs on himself, disappeared behind a screen before re-emerging a few seconds later with the cuffs undone. Not to lose face, Cirnoc allowed himself to be locked in the cuffs. An extension rod was needed to unlock them and Houdini gave Cirnoc the key, knowing that he would be unable to escape. He had to admit defeat and Houdini freed him. The whole act enthralled the audience and reports of the incident in local newspapers drew in huge crowds to the Alhambra.

While in London, Houdini visited various locksmiths and took apart their locks to see how they worked. By doing so, he was able to manufacture a key which could free him from the many locks he would later encounter in the British Isles.

His popularity grew through newspaper stories of his spectacular escapes. He issued a challenge which he called the ‘£1,000 Challenge Open to the World’. The challenge read:

An early poster advertising the Houdinis’ illusion, Metamorphosis.

I, HARRY HOUDINI, known as the King of Handcuffs, at last becoming tired of so-called FAKE EXPOSURES AND MEDIOCRE MAGICIANS, who claim to DO MY ACT because they possess a lot of false keys and springs, DO HEARBY CHALLENGE any person in the world to duplicate my release from cuffs, irons and straitjackets.

A detective had a special pair of handcuffs made and challenged Houdini to escape from them. After examining the handcuffs for a short time, Houdini allowed them to be put on his wrists. He very quickly managed to escape.

While appearing at the Alhambra, Houdini and his wife stayed at theatrical lodgings at 10 Keppel Street in Bloomsbury.

The London Evening Standard of Tuesday, 3 July 1900 reported on the great success of Houdini’s performance:

A novel feature in the programme at the Alhambra is the exhibition of skill by Mr Harry Houdini in releasing himself from handcuffs and other fetters. He made his first public appearance in London last night and his dexterity in escaping from handcuffs handed to him from the audience elicited the heartiest applause. Mr Houdini does not simply slip the shackles from his arms and legs but absolutely unlocks them without the aid of keys or springs. A member of the audience, who said that up to that time he had always claimed the title which had been given to Mr Houdini of ‘King of Handcuffs’, placed a pair of these instruments on the wrists of the performer who speedily freed himself from their grip much to the astonishment of the owner. At the conclusion of the severe tests, Mr Houdini was recalled and applauded again and again.

The London Evening Standard of Tuesday 10 July reported that two sailors of Her Majesty’s ship Powerful had secured Houdini with a pair of ship’s irons, placing him in what was called the cockfighting position with his arms on each side of his knees. His hands were locked in front of his legs and then a broom handle was inserted between his legs and arms so that he could not move. Houdini was lifted into a cabinet but was soon free. Several of his challenges over the next few years were remarkably similar leading to some suggesting that the trials were arranged by Houdini’s entourage.

On Saturday 21 July, The Era reported:

A remarkable performance is that given by Houdini, who comes from America. He challenges anyone present to secure his wrists with handcuffs in such a manner that he cannot in a few minutes free himself. A committee of investigation is formed and on the night of our visit amongst the gentlemen who went on the stage was ex-Inspector Moore, of the Metropolitan Police, who, it was announced, has had eighteen years’ experience in the handcuffing of criminals. Two pairs of handcuffs were placed on Houdini’s wrists and were closely examined and thoroughly tested by the ex-police inspector and others. He then retired behind a screen and, at the expiration of a few minutes, reappeared having freed himself from the handcuffs. Again secured in a similar fashion but with his hands behind him, he liberated himself while facing the audience.

Another astonishing trick is performed. Houdini, handcuffed as before, and wearing a coat belonging to one of the committee men, envelops himself in a sack which is securely tied and sealed. He is then placed in a strong box which is locked and corded. A few seconds and it is found that the young lady assistant has changed places with the prisoner and that she is wearing the borrowed coat.

By Saturday 18 August, The Era was reporting:

How Houdini, ‘the king of handcuffs’, manages to release himself from his iron bonds is inexplicable. Many experts in the ‘darby’ line go on the stage and endeavour to fetter Houdini with their appliances; but the result is always the same – the production of the handcuffs and the reappearance of the ‘king’ free and smiling. The variation on the well-known box trick with which Houdini concludes his show is decidedly neat and smart.

An advert from the Morning Post of 20 August 1900 announcing Houdini’s appearance at the Alhambra.

Houdini’s first appearance in Great Britain ended at the Alhambra on the night of Saturday 1 September. Houdini’s booking at the theatre had been a resounding success and found him much fame and adulation. On the following day, the Houdinis left for Germany to begin a tour of Europe, his first engagement being at the Central Theatre in Dresden.

By now, he had become such a draw in London that a further booking was a must and so he was booked again at the Alhambra for the Christmas period.

In an interview with Mr C. Dundas Slater in The Era on Saturday 10 November, he announced:

Houdini is coming back to us with practically a new show and will do his business in a more convincing way. He will dispense with the cabinet and will do all his tricks with a small table only.

However, Dundas Slater’s description of Houdini’s act wasn’t entirely accurate and Houdini continued to escape from handcuffs, boxes and issued challenges to the general public.

Prior to appearing again at the Alhambra, Houdini’s tour of Europe, had finished with an appearance at the Circus Variete in Magdeburg. The manager of the venue was so pleased with Houdini’s sell-out show that he wanted to retain him. However, Houdini was already booked at the Alhambra. Manager Jacobson, of the Circus Variete, offered C. Dundas Slater the equivalent of Houdini’s wages for two weeks if he would delay the opening in London. This was refused and Houdini was soon back in England.

A studio portrait of Harry Houdini in chains and padlocks.

An advert from The Era of Saturday 29 December 1900 showing Houdini on the bill of the Christmas show.

In December, to advertise his appearance, twelve men wearing sandwichboards paced up and down outside the theatre announcing Houdini’s return. His first show during the festive season was on 2 December.

For the Metamorphosis trick, Houdini had previously used a large cabinet. Now, he used a smaller box, about three feet square and four feet high, to dispel the myth that there was an assistant hidden inside, ready to help him with an assortment of keys. For many of his escapes, he no longer closed the small curtains on the front of the box. This meant that once his hands were handcuffed behind his back, he knelt directly facing the audience and they could now see all his facial expressions, twists and turns as he made his escape. This added to the excitement.

The Era of Saturday 15 December reported:

Houdini continues to puzzle all by his extraordinary expertness in releasing himself from handcuffs. On the occasion of our visit, a novel feature was the appearance on the stage of a working locksmith who came prepared with an elaborate contrivance of his own manufacture. At first, Houdini refused to experiment with this as being outside his scope, which he expressly limits to handcuffs used by some body of police. Eventually, however, he submitted to the trial; and the working locksmith fastened a belt around Houdini’s waist and locked the handcuffs on his wrists, his hands being tied behind him. A period of suspense ensued while the ‘world’s great mystifier’ was concealed from view under a square scarlet canopy; but after a while he emerged free, untrammelled and triumphant.

Houdini with his mother, Cecilia, and his wife, Bess.

In December, Houdini accompanied a writer from the Black and White Budget to a shop which sold manacles. He wanted to prove that he could escape from any handcuffs and other restraints just as easily offstage as he could while performing in front of an audience. The shopkeeper produced two pairs of cuffs and happily clamped them on Houdini’s wrists while dropping the keys into his own pocket. Houdini turned his back, walked across the shop floor and then turned around completely free with the cuffs open. The shopkeeper couldn’t believe what he was seeing and Houdini soon revealed his true identity much to the shopkeeper’s relief.

The Houdinis continued their show at the Alhambra until 2 February the following year.

Chapter Two

1901 – Bradford

At the beginning of 1901, Houdini was still appearing at the Alhambra Theatre in London. Far from being the star of the show at the theatre, Houdini was part of a far bigger Christmas attraction comprising many acts. The production was written about in The Graphic of Saturday 5 January:

As everyone knows, the bill of the Alhambra is a vast and varied programme. Beginning with the romantic nautical drama of The Handy Man, which is not over-burdened with patriotic sentiment, but is bright and lively, this programme includes several novel items. Balancing feats by Delmore and Lee, ‘the sensation of the century’, brought over from America, are performed on a glittering trapeze, before a background of black silk, which throws the grand figures of the athletes into high relief. Mr Ian Colquhoun, vocalist, fills all the vast place with his powerful bass voice. Houdini, ‘King of Handcuffs’ and master of mysteries, does, with the assistance of a damsel, one of the cleverest box tricks ever seen, while of the new vocal ballet divertissement, The Gay City, a good deal has been written in well-merited praise. In lively and spirited fashion it gives pictures of the Paris of fiction if not of reality and the gay uniforms and animated dances afford a series of pictures very pleasant to watch.

It has been remarked, by the way, that one of the most curious incidents in the ballet is that in a procession of groups representing various nations, that of our nearest neighbours, the French, comes in for more applause than any other, showing how magnanimous we have become. Among many other features, the Royal Japanese Troupe should be seen in their costumes of Oriental silks and also those clever equilibrists Rolf, Aires and Alice.

An advert for the show in The Era also features, on the variety section of the bill, Sharp and Flat; Delmore and Lee, sensational gymnasts; the Braatz Brothers, acrobats; Miss Lina Pantzer, wire dancer and the Fukushima Troupe.

While in London, Houdini bought a dress that he’d seen in a shop window. The dress had been made for Queen Victoria but she had died before it was finished. He asked the price and was told that it was £30. He purchased it for his mother, Cecilia, knowing that she would be pleased to be wearing a dress designed for the Queen of England. Houdini and Bess arranged to have the dress altered before giving it as a surprise to his pleased mother.

A studio portrait of Houdini and his wife, Bess, taken in 1901.

An early publicity shot showing Houdini handcuffed and manacled.

Houdini in leg-irons and handcuffs.

Cecilia, Houdini’s beloved mother.

Houdini played his final show at the Alhambra on Saturday 2 February.

There is only one other well-recorded appearance in another city during 1901 and that was at the People’s Palace in Bradford from Monday 4 February to Saturday 9 February.

Bradford in 1901 was one of the biggest cities in the country with a higher than usual proportion of well-paid workers. The reason for this was wool and the city was involved in combing, scouring, spinning, weaving and the dyeing of wool and was, at the time, the wool capital of the world. The People’s Palace was able to accommodate up to 2,100 people and was one of the oldest theatres in the provinces having been opened in 1875.

A newspaper photo showing Houdini with his sleeves turned up ready to escape from handcuffs.

Houdini securely tied to a chair.

The local newspaper carried the news of Houdini’s appearance:

The ‘star’ attraction at the People’s Palace this week is Harry Houdini, the Handcuff King, who for the past six months has been mystifying audiences in the metropolis, and who is now baffling Bradford audiences, even the vigilant police force. Six pairs of handcuffs and a pair of leg irons, securely locked, cannot hold him, and in a very short space of time, he walks out of his small tent a free man. To give him the name of ‘King of Handcuffs’ is indeed fitting, for however fastened or screwed up, he is able to release himself with ease and alacrity. Perhaps the most marvellous of his expositions is where he is securely sealed up in a flannel sack with his hands tied behind him, put into a strong box and locked up. A lady who assists in tying the box up with ropes goes behind the screen, and two minutes after the curtain is drawn, Houdini emerges from his gaol free, but the lady has disappeared. The box is pulled to the front, the ropes unfastened, and she is found to be sealed up inside the sack in the place which had previously been occupied by Houdini. Last night, policemen galore stepped on to the platform to try their powers at securely fastening him with their cuffs, but their hopes were shattered each time.

In addition to Houdini’s excellent turn, an admirable programme of ‘stars’ go through their various turns. The Three Auroras contribute some excellent dances, first as a double mirror, and then under an umbrella. ‘The Interviewer’ is a small sketch, and gives opportunity for several small interludes, which Booker and Narbis make the most of. Harry Barker