High School English Reference Guide
By Tina Fleming and Matt McGinniss
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About this ebook
Learn the essentials of English writing, grammar and punctuation without having to sit through hours of classroom teaching. With this book, you can quickly build your understanding of the key strategies and English language skills required for success at high school.
This guide is for students studying English in high school who need to understand the core skills of English as it is used in most classroom settings. It includes sections on narrative writing, persuasive writing and language conventions, including grammar and punctuation.
As a reference guide, you will find this useful for key areas such as text structure, cohesive writing and persuasive techniques such as ethos, pathos and logos. For narrative writing, you will find easy to understand information on the elements of writing, plot formation, point of view and audience. The language conventions section includes parts of speech, sentence structures, verb tenses and a range of punctuation rules.
Written by professional English language teachers, the guide will advance your knowledge of English and show you powerful ways to improve.
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High School English Reference Guide - Tina Fleming
1.1 What is Persuasive Writing?
Persuasive refers to the extent to which you can convince your audience to agree with your point of view.
When you persuade, you need to support your point of view with evidence and reasons.
Persuasive tasks usually ask you to consider a topic or issue and whether you agree or disagree with a particular view. Sometimes, you may write about two sides of an issue or you may be asked to write about one side only.
The key to success is to state your argument early on and provide convincing points to support this argument throughout your writing.
1.2 Persuasive Writing Assessment Criteria
The following criteria is a very good guide to the key areas you need to address when writing persuasively.
Audience The writer’s awareness of the audience and ability to engage and persuade the reader
Text Structure The writer’s ability to organize the text (introduction, body and conclusion) appropriately and effectively to persuade the reader.
Ideas The writer’s ability to select relevant ideas and expand ideas to persuade the audience
Persuasive Devices The ability to use a range of persuasive techniques to support the writer’s position and persuade the reader
Vocabulary The choice of a range of and precise words appropriate to the context
Cohesion The logical ordering and development of ideas through the use of various language devices
Paragraphing The ability to organize ideas into paragraphs that assists the reader to follow the argument
Sentence Structure The ability to use a range of sentence types that are well structured, grammatically correct and meaningful
Punctuation The use of appropriate and correct punctuation
Spelling The use of correct spelling and the difficulty (spelling) of the words used
1.3 Audience
This criterion asks you to consider who you are writing to persuade. Think about the reader of your writing, their interests, opinions, thoughts and feelings. This will help to determine the ideas you select and the style of your writing.
You need to include ideas that suit both your knowledge and interests and that of the reader. Think about the ideas and style that will help to convince the reader about your opinion.
For example, given the topic It is cruel to keep animals in cages think about what point of view or position you could take.
Consider what you know and have heard about keeping animals in cages and zoos and the various arguments for and against doing this.
Make sure you clearly define the meaning of ‘in cages’ and under what circumstances this could be a good or bad thing.
You could choose one aspect: that it is cruel to keep animals in cages or that there are benefits of keeping animals in cages.
Alternatively, you could give the advantages and disadvantages of keeping animals in cages.
1.4 Text Structure
This criterion assesses whether you can organise your writing using an appropriate structure. Persuasive essayshave an introduction, body and conclusion.
The introduction tells the reader what you will be writing about and your views on the topic. You should provide some context or issues