EU Public Contract Law: Public Procurement and Beyond

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ISBN 978-2-8027-4167-1

COLLECTION ADMINISTRATIVE LAW DROIT ADMINISTRATIF

Director :Jean-Bernard Auby,Professor, SciencesPo Paris,Director « Mutations de l’Action Publique et du Droit Public » Centre

Scientific Counsel

Sabino Cassese,Professor, University of La Sapienza, Roma Member of the Italian Constitutional Court

Paul Graig,Professor University of Oxford (St John’s College)

Jacqueline Dutheil de la Rochère,Professor and former President University Panthéon-Assas Paris II

Fernanado Sainz Moreno,Professor, Université Complutense, Madrid

Jürgen Schwarze,Professor, University of Freiburg

Tom Zwart,Professor, University of Urecht

IN THE SAME COLLECTION

1. L’argument de droit comparé en droit administratif français, sous la direction de Fabrice Melleray, 2007.

2. Droit administratif européen, 2e édition complétée, par Jürgen Schwarze, 2009.

3. L’état actuel et les perspectives du droit administratif européen, Jürgen Schwarze (éd.), 2009.

4. Le contrôle juridictionnel de la légalité des actes administratifs en Chine : éléments d’analyse comparée des contentieux administratifs chinois et français, par Zhang Li, 2009

5. Droit comparé des Contrats publics. Comparative Law on Public Contracts, sous la direction de Rozen Noguellou et Ulrich Stelkens, 2010

6. Transatlantic Perspectives on Administrative Law, Ed. Herwig C.H. Hofmann et Russell L. Weaver, 2010.

7. Contrats publics et arbitrage international, sous la direction de Mathias Audit, 2010.

8. Au-delà de l’État, Sabino Cassese, 2011.

9. Partenariats public-privé : Rapports du XVIIIe congrès de l’académie internationale de droit comparé – Public-Private Partnership: International Academy of Comparative Law XVIIIth Congress, sous la direction de François Lichère, 2011.

10. Les aspects juridiques de la régulation européenne des réseaux, Léa Rodrigue, 2012.

11. Le lobbying en droit public, Grégory Houillon, 2012.

12. Légalité de la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière par l’Union européenne, sous la direction de Laurence Dubin, 2012.

13. Codification of Administrative Procedure, Ed. Jean-Bernard Auby, 2013.

14. Traité de droit administratif européen, sous la direction de Jean-Bernard Auby et Jacqueline Dutheil de la Rochère, avec la collaboration d’Emilie Chevalier, 2013.

The purpose of the Administrative Law – Droit Administratif series is to gather administrative law studies which can commonly attract the interest of the various European and international administrative law doctrines.

It includes:

– works concerning one national administrative law but susceptible, by the adopted approach, to be relevant to foreign doctrines;

– comparative worksl

– writings concerning the incidence of EU law or the European convention on national administrative laws;

– and, finally, works concerning the part of the EU law that can be considered as having the nature of administrative law.

Published in French or in English, the books appearing in the collection Administrative law – Droit Administratif can be treaties, essays, theses, conference materials or readers. They are selected according to the contribution which they can bring to the European and international doctrinal debate concerning questions of administrative law.

F

oreword

It is a great pleasure for our Droit Administratif / Administrative Law series to welcome this excellent book, edited by Martin Trybus, Roberto Caranta and Gunilla Edelstam and bringing together contributions of some eighteen recognized experts.

As the editors mention in their introduction, the remarkable outcome readers have in hand was elaborated within the Public Contracts in Legal Globalization Network, which was set up by a group of colleagues gathered around Sciences Po’s Governance and Public Law Centre (the Mutations de l’Action Publique et du Droit Public Chair) that started in 2007. This Network, which comprises experts from nearly fifty countries, has devoted its scientific activity to the analysis of external legal inputs in the law of public contracts, i.e. on comparative and international dimensions of this law. (1) From the Network’s reflections have already been drawn two reference books, which this series was honored to include: Comparative Law on Public Contracts (2010), edited by Rozen Noguellou and Ulrich Stelkens, and Contrats publics et arbitrage international (2011) edited by Mathias Audit.

The present volume is an essential piece in the investigation conducted by the Network. There is no need for a long discourse to explain how strategic EU Law is in the evolution of public contracts law, and at various levels. All European public lawyers know how essential it has become in their domestic laws on public procurement. In some Member States, procurement law is a mere copy of EU Directives, in many others it is predominantly implemented EU law. At the international level, EU law on public procurement has become a major model, strongly influential in international negotiations concerning free trade and public contracts. This book describes EU law on public contracts in a quite extensive way. It does not restrain itself to procurement contracts strictly speaking. It also considers other contractual frameworks covered by European law. It does not concentrate only on issues concerning the making of contracts; it envisages the EU’s impact on contract management and redress. The book also envisages how EU law treats the contracts made by the European institutions themselves. All chapters are written by specialists, and the editors are well-known in the field. This volume is certainly also destined to become a reference book.

Jean-Bernard Auby

Professeur de droit public

Directeur de la Chaire « Mutations de l’Action Publique et du Droit Public » (MADP)

Science Po, Paris, France

(1) The Network site address is: http://www.contrats-publics.net/inhalte/home.asp. Since March 2013, the Network publishes a periodical, the International Journal of Public Contracts: http://www.direitodoestado.com.br/ijpc/edicao/01.

Aknowledgements

The editors would like to thank Dr. Paolo Patrito and Dr. Stefano Miglietta (University of Turin) for compiling the tables of cases and legislation and Ms Christina Martin (University of Birmingham) for style-editing and compiling the detailed table of contents. Moreover, Ms Brina Pocivalsek (University of Ljublijana) and Annalisa Aschieri contributed to the completion of the tables of cases and legislation and of the index.

Table of contents

Foreword

List of Authors and editors

Table of cases

Table of legislation

Introduction

Part I. Substantive EU Public Procurement Law

Chapter 1. Scope and Coverage of the EU Procurement Directives, by Rozen Noguellou

Chapter 2. Specifications, by Martin Burgi

Chapter 3. Classic Procurement Procedures, by Julio González García

Chapter 4. New Award Procedures, by François Lichère

Chapter 5. Qualification and Shortlisting, by Michael Steinicke

Chapter 6. Contract Award Criteria, by Marta Franch and Mireia Grau

Chapter 7. Sustainable Procurement, by Roberto Caranta

Chapter 8. Requirements for Contracts ‘Outside’ the Directives, by Carina Risvig Hamer

Part II. Special Procurement Regimes

Chapter 9. Utilities Procurement, by Simone Torricelli

Chapter 10. Defence Procurement, by Martin Trybus

Chapter 11. Public Private Partnerships, by Sieglinde Pommer

Part III. Contract Management

Chapter 12. Effects of EU Law on Contract Management, by Mario Comba

Part IV. Review and Remedies

Chapter 13. Review Bodies (including Antifraud Measures), by Kris Wauters

Chapter 14. Remedies, by Chris Bovis

Part V. EU Public Contracts

Chapter 15. Substantive Law applicable to EU Public Contracts, by Ulrich Stelkens and Hanna Schröder

Chapter 16. Award Procedures for EU Institutions, by Hans-Joachim Priess

Chapter 17. EU Public Contract Litigation, by Hanna Schröder and Ulrich Stelkens

Part VI. Conclusions

Chapter 18. EU Public Contracts: an Outside View, by Denis Lemieux

Bibliography

Index

Authors and editors

Christopher Bovis JD, MPhil, LLM, FRSA is Professor of Business Law at the Business School of the University of Hull. He is internationally renowned specialist in public sector management, public procurement and public private partnerships. His fields of expertise cover international business and trade law, EU law, anti-trust, energy, transport and telecommunications. After completing his studies at various universities, Christopher began his academic career in 1992 as a Lecturer in Law and Deputy Director of the Institute of European Public Law at the University of Hull. He became Professor of Trade and Commerce at the Queen’s University of Belfast in 1997. He joined UCLAN as a Professor of European Business Law in 1998 and received a Jean Monnet Chair in 1999. He became a Professor Law at the University of Hull in 2007 where he held the distinguished H.K. Bevan Chair. Throughout his academic career, he also has taught at other universities in Europe, Canada and the U.S.A. In his teaching and research he has covered a wide range of areas in public law, company law, European law, international business and trade law, employment law and industrial policy and published extensively in these areas and disseminated his research internationally. His academic work has been regularly quoted by the European Court of Justice. He became Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and Manufacturing in 2006. He was appointed by the United Nations as Rapporteur to the Millennium Development Commission on Public-Private Partnerships in 2009. He holds a JD from the University of Athens, an MPhil from the University of Amsterdam and an LLM with Distinction from the University of Hull. He is qualified barrister and solicitor before the Supreme Court of Greece.

Martin Burgi holds the chair for Public Law at the University of Munich, Faculty of Law. Until 2012 he was Professor of Public and European Law at the Ruhr-University in Bochum, where he also was, since 2004 Director of the (only) Public Procurement Research Institute (FVV) in Germany. He is founder and scientific chairman of the Düsseldorfer Vergaberechtstag, which is the leading annual conference in public procurement law in Germany. Besides his consulting government bodies and enterprises, he has written numerous articles, chapters and books, among them articles and book chapters on (European) public procurement law published internationally. Professor Martin Burgi frequently attends international conferences on procurement law.

Roberto Caranta is full Professor of Administrative Law at the Law Faculty of the University of Torino. He is Director of the Master Programme on Public Procurement Management for Sustainable Development of the University of Turin and the International Training Centre fo the International Labour Organisation. He is member of the Procurement Review Board of the European Space Agency and directing (with Steen Treumer) the European Procurement Law Series, DJØF, Copenhagen. Among his most recent works on public procurement: The In-House Providing: The Law as It Stands in the EU, in M. Comba and S. Treumer (edds.), The In-House Providing in European Law, Copenhagen, DJØF, 2010; (editor with M. Trybus) The Law of Green and Social Procurement in Europe, Copenhagen, DJØF, 2010, and therein: Sustainable Public Procurement in the EU, and (with S. Richetto) Sustainable Procurements in Italy: Of Light and Some Shadows; Transparence et concurrence, in R. Noguellou and U. Stelkens (eds.) Droit comparé des contrats publics. Comparative Law on Public Contracts (Bruylant, Brussels 2010); Le contentieux des contrats publics en Italie, in Rev. fr. dr. Adm. 2011, 54; Many Different Paths, but Are They All Leading to Effectiveness?, in S. Treumer and F. Lichère (edds) Enforcement of the EU Public Procurement Rules, Copenhagen, DJØF, 2011; Damages for Breaches of EU Public Procurement Law: Issues of Causation and Recoverable Losses, in D. Fairgrieve and F. Lichère (edds), Public Procurement Law. Damages as an Effective Remedy, Oxford, Hart, 2011.

Mario E. Comba is Professor of Public Comparative Law at the University of Turin, Italy. He has recently (2011) published a book on the execution of public contracts in Italy from a comparative perspective. He is currently conducting research on public procurement and European structural funds.

Gunilla Edelstam, LL.D. is Associate Professor of Public law at Sodertorn University, Sweden. Amongst her recent works are: What about Integrity? - National traditions of Registration and Transparency in Sweden (to be published, M. Rüffert ed.), Balancing Transparency and Confidentiality in Swedish Administration (to be published, M. Savino and B. Mattarella eds.) and Transposition of a directive: The Service directive in Swedish Law: Minimum or modernizations (in: The Implementation of the EU service Directive. Transposition, Problems and Strategies, U. Stelkens, W. Weiss and M. Mirschberger eds.). Her present research concerns responsibilities of civil servants within the public administration: responsibilities for unilateral decision making, during the preparation of public contracts as well as the protection of civil servants as whistle blowers according to the Swedish constitution; areas where common interests as well as legitimacy of the power of the state are focused and where the civil servants are bearers of legitimacy of the state. Professor Edelstam held the post of pro-rector of Sodertorn University and developed the Department of Public Law of this University.

Marta Franch is an Associate Professor in Administrative Law at the Law School of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. Marta obtained her PhD in Law from the Universitat de Barcelona. Her main research interests are in Administrative Law, Public Contracts, Economic Public Law and EU public procurement law. She is the author of Intervención administrativa sobre Bancos y Cajas de Ahorros (Aranzadi, 1992) and made a number of contributions in different books and specialised journals. She has been a regular visiting professor in several French Universities (Poitiers, Bordeaux and Paris II), and also in some Latinamerican countries, UNAM (México) and UCA (El Salvador) among others. She has been involved in different European research projects and she is currently an adviser for one of the leading Spanish law firms, Garrigues.

Julio González García is Full Professor of Administrative Law at the Department of Administrative Law of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain. His main teaching, research and consulting intrests include public goods, public procurement, economic globalization, administrative intervention in public services, education and university law and European law. Although he got his Bachelor in Law from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, he has developed his entire academic career at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid of which was the General Secretary for eight years (2003 to 2011). In 2011 he has was awarded the Medal of Honour of this University.

Mireia Grau, holds a law degree of the University of Barcelona, Spain and a Juris Doctor of the University of Puerto Rico, USA. She is an administrative lawyer at Garrigues Lawyers and an expert in public procurement, subsidies and public aid, administrative and judicial review proceedings and public contracts. She collaborated with the Comissió Jurídica Assesora (Legal Consultant Committee) of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia) and has been a legal advisor of several town councils.

Denis Lemieux is Professor of Law at Laval University, Quebec, Canada, and outside counsel, Tremblay, Bois, Mignault, Lemay. He is the author of several books on Administrative Law and on Public Contracts, updated regularly. He has also published contributions on these topics in numerous legal publications. His current research interests concern the use of economic instruments in public law. Professor Lemieux acts as an advisor to various public entities and is member of the editorial board of Administrative Law Reports and the Canadian Journal of Administrative Law and Practice.

François Lichère is Professor of public law at the University of Aix-Marseille, France. After graduating in law at the University of Montpellier (Licence) and at the University of Aix-en-Provence in political sciences, he obtained his Ph. D. (doctorat) at the University of Montpellier in 1998. He was appointed lecturer in public law (Maître de conferences) in 1999 and Professor of public law in 2000 at the age of 31. Since then, he has taught public contract law and administrative law in different Master degrees in France and in Europe. Professor Lichère has published numerous books and articles, mainly in the field of public contracts law and administrative law dealing with business (Droit public économique), in French or English. As far as English publications are concerned, he is the author of Guide to French literature on public procurement, Public Procurement Law Review, 2006, n° 3, p. 152; Damages for violation of E.C. public procurement law under French law, Public Procurement Law Review, 2006, n° 4, p. 171 à 178. Tort and regulatory law in France (with Prof. Philippe Billet) in W. H. Van Boom, M. Lukas, Chr. Kissling (eds.), Tort and Regulatory Law, European Center of Tort and Insurance Law, 2007 (p. 89 à 114) ; The regulation of electronic reverse auctions in France, in Sue Arrowsmith (ed.), Reform on the UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement: Procurement Regulation for the 21st Century, 2009, p. 455-467; Protecting consumers in an era of world trade (wiht Russell Weaver and Udo Fink), Administrative Law Review, Volume 61, spring 2009, p. 105 à 114 and in Herwig Hofmann and Russell Weaver (eds), Transatlantic Perspectives on Administrative Law, Bruylant 2011, p. 93-103 ; Remedies and public contracts award in France and the USA: a legal and economic comparison, with Frédéric Marty, in F. Lichère and R. Weaver, Remedies and Economics, Presses universitaires d’Aix-Marseille 2011. He is the co-editor with Steen Treumer of Enforcement of EU public procurement rules, DJØF Publishing, 2011, and co-editor with Duncan Fairgrieve of Public procurement law - Damages as an effective remedy, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2011. Professor Lichère is also a consultant to law firms, advising clients in the public and private sectors.

Rozen Noguellou is Professor of public law at the Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris I), where she teaches administrative law, public contracts law, and droit de l’urbanisme. Among her works, she is co-editor of the edited collection Droit comparé des Contrats Publics/Comparative Law on Public Contracts (Bruylant, Brussels 2010). She is a member of the steering committees for the research network ‘Public Contracts in Legal Globalisation’ (PCLG).

Hans-Joachim Prieß works in the Berlin office of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP and has been a partner since 1994. He is a member of the firm’s antitrust, competition and trade (ACT) practice group and environment, planning and regulatory (EPR) practice groups and specialises in German, European and international public procurement law, in customs and trade law, including WTO dispute settlement proceedings. He is head of the firm’s public procurement group, which comprises more than 50 lawyers in 11 offices across Europe. He has advised governments, trade associations and multinational companies and has represented them in litigation, in particular before the European courts. Hans-Joachim has also represented many clients before the German procurement review bodies. He was a member of a Federal Ministry of Economics’ commission of experts tasked with the reform of German public procurement law and is a member of the board of the external trade law center at the University of Münster, Germany. He publishes widely on procurement, general EU and trade law.

Sieglinde E. Pommer, Dr.iur. Dr.phil. LL.M.(Harvard), Diplôme Supérieur de Droit Comparé (Strasbourg) is currently an APART Habilitation scholar funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences conducting a three-year research project on Public Private Partnerships: Comparative Explorations in New Administrative Law and Good Governance. Her PhD dissertation on the complex relationship of comparative law and legal translation won the Austrian Figdor Prize 2006. After internships at the Court of Justice of the European Communities in Luxembourg and the World Health Organization in Geneva, Sieglinde Pommer was a post-doc fellow at Oxford University, McGill University Faculty of Law, and Sciences Po Paris as well as Visiting Professor of Law at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco. An inactive member of the New York Bar, she is currently a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, Germany.

Carina Risvig Hamer is Assistant Professor at the University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark and holds a PhD in procurement law. Her PhD thesis on Public contracts, not covered, or not fully covered, by the Public Sector Directive was published by DJØF Publishing, Copenhagen in 2012. She is also the co-editor of a recent book on modernization of the procurement rules "Modernisation, Growth and Innovation – Discussions of the 2011 Proposals for Public Procurement Directives", DJØF Publishing 2012. Carina has been working at the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority for several years, where her tasks has include drafting procurement legislation (including the Danish implementation of the remedies Directive), giving guidance on public procurement law, handling informal complaints of breaches of the procurement rules and taking part in the negotiations of the Procurement Directives. Carina has been lecturing at Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen University and University of Southern Denmark in Public Procurement law, EU law and Administrative Law.

Hanna Schröder, LL.M., was a Research Fellow at the German Research Institute for Public Administration Speyer, Germany, when writing the chapters for this book, and is currently a legal secretary (référendaire) at the General Court of the European Union. Her main research interests are European, French, German and Comparative Administrative Law and Public Contract Law. Hanna Schröder is currently a PhD student at the German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer and the University of Strasbourg, France.

Ulrich Stelkens is Professor of Public Law, German and European Administrative Law at the German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer, Germany and a Fellow of the German Research Institute for Public Administration Speyer. His main research interests are European, German and Comparative Administrative Law, Federal Legal Relations, Local Government Law, Administrative Procedure Law, Liability of Public Authorities, Public Procurement Law, Public Economic and Subsidy Law, and Telecommunication Law. He is co-editor of the edited collection Droit comparé des Contrats Publics/Comparative Law on Public Contracts (Bruylant, 2010). Professor Stelkens is a member of the steering committees for the research network ‘Public Contracts in Legal Globalisation’ (PCLG) and the ‘Research Network on EU Administrative Law’ (ReNEUAL).

Michael Steinicke is a professor of EU law and public procurement law and head of department at the Department of Law, Aarhus University, Denmark. He has written and published a larger number of articles on procurement and is the author or co-author of a larger number of books of which 10 books entirely or partly concern public procurement.

Simone Torricelli is Associate Professor of Administrative Law at the Department of Juridical Sciences of the University of Florence where he teaches Administrative Law, Comparative Law and Public Contract Law. His research interests focus mainly on the influence of European Law on National Systems. He is member of the steering committees for the research network ‘Public Contract in legal Globalisation’ (PCLG).

Martin Trybus is Professor of European Law and Policy and Director of the Institute of European Law at the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. He is the author of European Defence Procurement Law (Kluwer, 1999) and European Union Law and Defence Integration (Hart, 2005) and the co-editor (with Sue Arrowsmith) of Public Procurement: The Continuing Revolution (Kluwer, 2002), (with Nigel White) of European Security Law (OUP, 2007), (with Roberto Caranta) of The Law of Green and Social Procurement in Europe ( Djøf, 2010), and (with Luca Rubini) of The Treaty of Lisbon and the Future of European Law and Policy (Edward Elgar, 2012). Moreover, Professor Trybus has published over 40 articles and book chapters on public procurement law and European defence and security law. Apart from Birmingham, he teaches regularly in Turin and Maastricht and is on the editorial board of Foro. He is a member of the Procurement Review Board of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Paris and has worked on numerous projects for the OECD, the ILO, the European Commission, and the European Defence Agency. In 2008 he gave evidence to the European Parliament on the new Defence and Security Procurement Directive.

Kris Wauters specialised as a lawyer in public law and within that field of expertise he handles both constitutional law and administrative law cases. Kris Wauters has been a partner of the Monard – D’Hulst law firm since 2009. He completed a doctoral thesis at Maastricht University, The Netherlands which was published under the title: Rechtsbescherming en overheidsovereenkomsten (Legal protection and government contracts). In 2010 Kris was appointed professor at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, where he is a member of the public law sector and where he teaches various courses in public law. He is an academic member of PLAN and of Public Contracts in Legal Globalization. Since 2011 he has been chief editor with Professor Ann Lawrence Durviaux of a new Belgian Review (the first one) on public procurement and other government contracts Marchés et contrats publics.

Table of cases

European Court of Justice

Alphabetical

Case C-196/08, Acoset SpA [2009] ECR I-9913 – 1

Case C-373/00, Adolf Truley [2003] ECR-193 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-81/98, Alcatel Austria [1999] ECR I-7671 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Case 48/65 Alfons Luttucke GmbH v. Commission [1966] ECR 19 – 1

Case 56/77, Agence Européene d’Interims SA [1978] ECR 2215 – 1, 2

Joined Cases Case C-223/99 and C-260/99, Agora Srl v. Ente Autonomo Fiera Internazionale di Milano [2001] ECR 3605 – 1

Case C-192/98, ANAS [1999] ECR I-8583 – 1, 2

Case C-434/02, Arnold André [2004] ECR I-11825 – 1

Case C-295/05, Asemfo [2007] ECR I-2999 – 1

Case C-220/06, Asociación Profesional de Empresas de Reparto y Manipulado de Correspondencia [2007] ECR I-12175 – 1, 2

Case C-538/07, Assitur [2009] ECR I-4219 – 1, 2

Case C-410/04, Associazione Nazionale Autotrasporto Viaggiatori (ANAV) [2006] ECR I-3303 – 1

Case C-331/04, ATI EAC Srl [2005] ECR I-10109 – 1, 2, 3, 4

C-159/11, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Lecce, Universita del Salento [2012], not yet reported – 1, 2

Case C-74/09, Bâtiments et Ponts Construction [2010] ECR I-7271 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-299/93, Bauer [1995] ECR I-839 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-59/00, Bent Mousten Vestergaard [2001] ECR I-9505 – 1, 2

Case 346/87, Bossi v. Commission [1989] ECR 303 – 1, 2

Case 246/80, Broekmeulen [1981] ECR 2311 – 1

Case C-312/00, Camar v. Commission [2002] ECR I-11355 – 1

Case C-340/04, Carbotermo S.P.A. [2006], ECR-I, 4137 – 1, 2, 3

Case 120/78, Cassis de Dijon [1979] ECR I-649 – 1

Case C-142/91, Cebag [1993] ECR I-553 – 1

Joined cases 27/86 to 29/86, CEI and Bellini [1987] ECR 3347 – 1, 2

Joined Cases C-145/08 and C-149/08, Club Hotel Loutraki AE [2010] ECR I-4165 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case 318/81, CO.DE.MI. SpA [1985] ECR 3693 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-324/07, Coditel Brabant [2008] ECR I-8457 – 1, 2

Case 45/76, Comet [1976] ECR 2043 –1

Case C-328/96, Commission v. Austria [1999] ECR I-7479 – 1

Case C-212/02, Commission v. Austria, judgement of 24 June 2004, unpublished (case closed) – 1, 2, 3

Case C-252/01, Commission v. Belgium [2003] ECR I-11859 – 1

Case C-496/99 P, Commission v. CAS Succhi di Frutta [2004] ECR I-3801 – 1

Case 211/81, Commission v. Denmark [1982] ECR 4547 – 1

Case C-243/89, Commission v. Denmark [1993] ECR I 3353 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-461/05, Commission v. Denmark [2009] ECR I-11887 – 1

Case C-195/04, Commission v. Finland [2007] ECR I-3351 – 1, 2

Case C-284/05, Commission v. Finland [2009] ECR I-11705 – 1

Case 167/73 Commission v. France [1974] ECR 359 – 1

Case C-225/98, Commission v. France [2000] ECR I-7445 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case C-337/98, Commission v. France [2000] ECR I-8377 – 1

Case C-237/99, Commission v. France [2001] ECR I-939 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-264/03, Commission v. France [2005] I-8831 – 1

Case C-299/08, Commission v. France [2009] ECR I-11587 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-327/08, Commission v. France [2009] ECR I-102 – 1

Case C-318/94, Commission v. Germany [1996] ECR I-1949 – 1

Joined Cases C-20/01 and C-28/01, Commission v. Germany [2003] ECR I-3609 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-125/03, Commission v. Germany [2004] ECR I-4771 – 1

Case C-126/03, Commission v. Germany [2004] ECR I-11197 – 1, 2

Case C-414/03, Commission v. Germany, judgement of 3 March 2005, unpublished – 1

Case C-503/04, Commission v. Germany [2007] ECR I 6153 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-480/06, Commission v. Germany [2009] ECR I-4747 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-536/07, Commission v. Germany [2009] ECR I-10355 – 1, 2

Case C-160/08, Commission v. Germany [2010], ECR I-3713 – 1

Case C-271/08, Commission v. Germany [2010] ECR I-7091 – 1

Case C-275/08, Commission v. Germany [2009], ECR I-168 – 1, 2

Case C-17/09, Commission v. Germany [2010] ECR I-4 – 1, 2

Case C-236/95, Commission v. Greece [1996] ECR I-4459 – 1, 2

Case C-394/02, Commission v. Greece [2005] ECR I-4713 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-399/05, Commission v. Greece [2007] ECR 2007 I-101 – 1

Case C-409/05, Commission v. Greece [2009] ECR I-11859 – 1

Case C-199/07, Commission v. Greece [2008] ECR I-251 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-250/07, Commission v. Greece [2009] ECR I-4369 – 1, 2

Case C-507/03, Commission v. Ireland [2007] ECR I-9777 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Case C-532/03, Commission v. Ireland [2007] ECR I-11353 – 1

Case C-456/08, Commission v. Ireland [2010] ECR I-859 – 1

Case C-226/09, Commission v. Ireland [2010] ECR I-11807 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case 7/68, Commission v. Italy [1968] E.C.R. 633 – 1

Case 274/83, Commission v. Italy [1985] ECR 1077 – 1

Case 199/85, Commission v. Italy [1987] ECR 1039 – 1

Case 3/88, Commission v. Italy [1989] ECR 4035 – 1

Case C-272/91, Commission v. Italy [1994] ECR I-1409 – 1

Case C-57/94, Commission v. Italy [1995] ECR I-1249 – 1

Case C-385/02, Commission v. Italy [2004] ECR I-8121 – 1

Case C-525/03, Commission v. Italy [2005] ECR I-9405 – 1

Case C-260/04, Commission v. Italy [2007], ECR I-7083 – 1

Case C-412/04, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-619 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-337/05, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-2173 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-382/05, Commission v. Italy [2007] ECR I-6657 – 1

Case C-387/05, Commission v. Italy [2009] ECR I-11831 – 1

Case C-157/06, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-7313 – 1

Case C-239/06, Commission v. Italy [2009] ECR I-11913 – 1

Case C-437/07, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-153 – 1

Case C-350/02, Commission v. Netherlands [2004] ECR I-6213 – 1

Case C-368/10, Commission v. Netherland [2012], not yet reported – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Case C-275/03, Commission v. Portugal, judgement of 14 October 2004, unpublished – 1

Case C-38/06, Commission v. Portugal [2010] ECR I-1569 – 1

Case C-71/92, Commission v. Spain [1993] ECR I-05923 – 1

Case C-328/92, Commission v. Spain [1994] ECR I-1569 – 1, 2

Case C-414/97, Commission v. Spain [1999] E.C.R. I-5585 – 1

Case C-214/00, Commission v. Spain [2003] ECR I-04667 – 1, 2

Case C-84/03, Commission v. Spain [2005] ECR I-139 – 1, 2

Case C-444/06, Commission v. Spain [2008] ECR I-2045 – 1

Case C-423/07, Commission v. Spain [2010] ECR I-3429 – 1

Case C-294/05, Commission v. Sweden [2009] ECR I-11777 – 1

Case C-334/97, Comune di Montiorio al Vomano [1999] ECR I-3387 – 1

Case C-513/99, Concordia Bus Finland [2002] ECR I-7213 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Case C-305/08, CoNISMa [2009] ECR I-12129 – 1

Case C-231/03, Consorzio Aziende Metano v. Comune di Cingia de’ Botti, Coname [2005] ECR I-7287 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-492/06, Consorzio Elisoccorso San Raffaele [2007] ECR I-8189 – 1

Case C-453/99, Courage and Crehan [2001] ECR I-6297 – 1

Case C-424/01, CS Austria [2003] ECR I-3249 – 1

Case C-17/00, De Coster [2001] ECR I-9445 – 1

Case 105/80, Desmedt [1981] ECR 1701 – 1

Case C-343/95, Diego Cali e Figli [1997] ECR 1-1547 – 1

Case C-54/96, Dorsch Consult [1997] ECR I-4961 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case 21/88, Du Pont de Nemours Italiana SpA [1990] ECR I-889 – 1

Case 257/85, Dufay [1987] ECR 1561 – 1

C-182/11 and C-183/11, Econord SpA v. Comune di Cagno, Comune di Varese, Comune di Solbiate [2012], not yet reported – 1

Case C-231/96, EDIS [1998] ECR I-4951 – 1

Case C-129/04, Espace Trianon SA [2005] ECR I-7805 – 1

Case C-401/09 P, Evropaïki Dynamiki v. European Central Bank [2011] ECR I-4911 – 1

Case C-167/99, European Parliament v. SERS and Ville de Strasbourg [2003] ECR I-3269 – 1

Case C-448/01, EVN AG [2003] ECR I-14527 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Joined Cases C-21/03 and C-34/03, Fabricom SA [2005] ECR I-1559 – 1, 2

Case C-209/90, Feilhauer [1992] ECR I-2613 – 1, 2, 3

Case 44/59, Fiddelaar v. Commission [1960] ECR 535 – 1

Joined cases C-80/99, C-81/99 and C-82/99, Flemmer [2001] ECR I-7211 – 1

Case C-27/98, Fracasso and Leitschutz v. Salzburger Landesregierung [1999] ECR I-5697 – 1

Case 1/54, France v. High Authority [1954] ECR 1 – 1

Case 103/88, Fratelli Costanzo SpA [1989] ECR 1839 – 1

Case C-357/06, Frigerio Luigi [2007] ECR I-12311 – 1, 2

Case C-410/01, Fritsch, Chiari & Partner [2003] ECR I-11547 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Joined Cases C-110/98 to C-147/98, Gabalfrisa [2000] ECR I-1577 – 1

Case C-315/01, GAT v. ÖSAG [2003] ECR I-6351 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-360/96, Gemeente Arnhem Gemeente Rheden v. BFI Holding BV [1998] ECR 6821 – 1

Case 31/87, Geobroeders Beentjes BV [1988] ECR 4635 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Case C-280/93, Germany v. Council [1993] ECR I-3667 – 1

Case C-331/92, Gestión Hotelera Internacional [1994] ECR I-1329 – 1

Case C-230/02, Grossmann Air Service [2004] ECR I-1829 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-282/95, Guérin automobiles v. Commission [1997] ECR I-1503 – 1

Case C-42/94, Heidemij Advies [1995] I-1417 – 1, 2

Case C-451/08, Helmut Müller GmbH [2010] ECR I-2673 – 1

Case C-258/97, HI [1999] ECR I-1405 – 1

Case C-176/98, Holst Italia [1999] ECR I-8607 – 1, 2

Case C-92/00, Hospital Ingenieure Krankenhaustechnik Planungs- GmbH (HI) [2002] ECR I-5553 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-138/08, Hochtief and Linde-Kca-Dresden [2009] ECR I-9889 – 1, 2, 3

Case 60/81, IBM [1981] ECR 2639 – 1

Joined Cases C-285/99 and C-286/99, Impresa Lombardini SpA [2001] ECR I- 9233 – 1, 2

Case C-393/06, Ing. Aigner, Wasser-Wärme-Umwelt, GmbH [2008] ECR I-2339 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-615/10, Insinööritoimisto InsTiimi Oy [2012], not yet reported – 1

Joined Cases 21-24/72, International Fruit Co NV [1972] ECR 1236 – 1

Case C-220/05, Jean Auroux v. Commune de Roanne [2007] ECR I-385 – 1, 2

Case 222/84, Johnston [1986] ECR 1651 – 1, 2

Case C-103/97, Josef Köllesperger and Atzwanger [1999] ECR I-551 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-18/01, Korhonen [2003] ECR I-5321 – 1

Case C-226/04, La Cascina [2006] ECR 2006 I-01347 – 1

Case C-241/06, Lämmerzahl GmbH [2007], ECR I-8415 – 1

Case 294/83, Les Verts v. Parliament [1983] ECR 1339 – 1

Case C-532/06, Lianakis AE [2008] ECR I-251 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-182/00, Lutz [2002] ECR I-547 – 1

Case C-57/01, Makedoniko Metro and Michaniki [2003] ECR I-1091 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-44/96, Mannesmann Anlagenbau Austria and Others [1998] ECR I-73 – 1, 2

Case C-6/05, Medipac [2007] ECR I-4557 – 1, 2

Case C-215/09, Mehiläinen Oy [2010] ECR I-13749 – 1

Case C-213/07, Michaniki [2008] ECR I-09999 – 1, 2

Case 249/87, Mulfinger [1989] ECR 4127 – 1

Case C-77/99, Oder-Plan-Architektur GmbH [2001] ECR I-7355 – 1

Case C-399/98, Ordine degli Architetti di Milano e Monza[2001] ECR I-5409 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-195/98, Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund [2000] ECR I 10497 – 1, 2

Case C-261/95, Palmisani [1997] ECR I-4025 – 1

Case C-458/03, Parking Brixen GmbH [2005], ECR I-08585 – 1, 2

Case 23/76, Pellegrini [1976] ECR 1807 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-186/04, Pierre Housieaux [2005] ECR I-3299 – 1

Case 109/81, Porta [1982] ECR 2469 – 1

Case C-454/06, pressetext Nachrichtenagentur GmbH [2008] ECR I-4401 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Case C-78/98, Preston [2000] ECR I-3201 – 1

Case C-274/09, Privater Rettungsdienst und Krankentransport Stadler [2011] ECR I-1335 – 1, 2

Case C-440/98, RAI [1999] ECR I-8597 – 1

Case 39/73, Rewe [1973] ECR 1039 – 1

Case 158/80, Rewe II [1981] ECR 1805 – 1

Case C-517/09, RTL Belgium SA [2010] I-14093 – 1, 2

Case C-346/06, Rüffert [2008] ECR I-1989 – 1

Case 13/68, Salgoil [1968] E.C.R. 453 – 1, 2

Case C-327/00, Santex [2003] ECR I-1877 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-516/99, Schmid [2002] ECR I-4573 – 1

Case C-461/03, Schul [2005] ECR I-10513 – 1

Joined Cases C-147/06 and C-148/06, SECAP SpA [2008] ECR I-3565 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Case C-19/00, SIAC Construction Ltd [2001] ECR 1-7725 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-314/01, Siemens and ARGE Telekom [2004] ECR I-2549 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-247/02, Sintesi SpA [2004] ECR I-9215 – 1, 2

Case C-172/97, SIVU [1999] ECR I-3363 – 1, 2

Joined Cases 42 and 49/59, S.N.U.P.A.T. [1961] ECR 53 – 1

Case C-70/95, Sodemare [1997] ECR-I, 3395 – 1, 2

Case C-26/03, Stadt Halle and RPL Lochau [2005] ECR I-1 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Case Case C-276/01, Steffensen [2003] ECR I-3735 – 1

Joined cases C-462/03 and C-463/03, Strabag AG [2005] ECR I- 05397 – 1, 2

Case C-95/10, Strong Segurança SA v. Município de Sintra, Securitas-Serviços e Tecnologia de Segurança [2011] ECR I-1865 – 1, 2

Case C-210/03, Swedish Match [2004] ECR I-11893 – 1

Case C-53/03, Syfait [2006] ECR I-4609 – 1

Case C-570/08, Symvoulio Apochetefseon Lefkosias [2010] ECR I-10131 – 1

Case C-107/98, Teckal v. Comune di Viano, Azienda Gas-Acqua Consorziale [1999] ECR 1-8121 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-324/98, Telaustria Verlags GmbH and Telefonadress GmbH v. Telekom Austria AG [2000] ECR I-10745 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Case C-324/93, The Queen v. Secretary of State from Home Department ex parte Evans Medical Ltd and Macfarland Smith Ltd, [1995], ECR I-563 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-302/94, The Queen v. Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, ex parte British Telecommunications plc [1996] ECR, I-06417 – 1

Case C-380/98, The Queen v. H.M Treasury ex parte The University of Cambridge [2000] ECR I-8035 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-421/01 Traunfellner [2003] ECR I-11941 – 1

Case 27/76, United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal BV v. Commission [1978] ECR 207 – 1

Case C-470/99, Universale-Bau AG [2002] ECR I-11617 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Case C-406/08, Uniplex (UK) Ltd [2010] ECR I-817 – 1

Case C-359/93,Unix [1995] ECR I-6135 – 1, 2

Case C-156/97, Van Balkom Non-Ferro Scheiding BV [2000] ECR I-1095 – 1, 2

Case C-134/97, Victoria Film [1998] ECR I-7023 – 1

Case C-91/08, Wall AG [2010] ECR I-2815 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case C-206/08, Wasser- und Abwasserzweckverband Gotha und v. Eurawasser Aufbereitungs- und Entsorgungsgesellschaft mbH [2009], ECR I-8377 – 1, 2

Case C-249/01, Werner Hackermüller and Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft mbH (BIG), Wiener Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH für den Donauraum AG (WED) [2003] ECR I-6319 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-506/04, Wilson [2006] ECR I-8613 – 1

Numerical (case number)

Case 1/54, France v. High Authority [1954] ECR 1 – 1

Joined Cases 42 and 49/59, S.N.U.P.A.T. [1961] ECR 53 – 1

Case 44/59, Fiddelaar v. Commission [1960] ECR 535 – 1

Case 48/65 Alfons Luttucke GmbH v. Commission [1966] ECR 19 – 1

Case 7/68, Commission v. Italy [1968] E.C.R. 633 – 1

Case 13/68, Salgoil [1968] E.C.R. 453 – 1, 2

Joined Cases 21-24/72, International Fruit Co NV [1972] ECR 1236 – 1

Case 39/73, Rewe [1973] ECR 1039 – 1

Case 167/73 Commission v. France [1974] ECR 359 – 1

Case 23/76, Pellegrini [1976] ECR 1807 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case 27/76, United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal BV v. Commission [1978] ECR 207 – 1

Case 45/76, Comet [1976] ECR 2043 – 1

Case 56/77, Agence Européene d’Interims SA [1978] ECR 2215 – 1, 2

Case 120/78, Cassis de Dijon [1979] ECR I-649 – 1

Case 105/80, Desmedt [1981] ECR 1701 – 1

Case 158/80, Rewe II [1981] ECR 1805 – 1

Case 246/80, Broekmeulen [1981] ECR 2311 – 1

Case 60/81, IBM [1981] ECR 2639 – 1

Case 109/81, Porta [1982] ECR 2469 – 1

Case 211/81, Commission v. Denmark [1982] ECR 4547 – 1

Case 318/81, CO.DE.MI. SpA [1985] ECR 3693 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case 274/83, Commission v. Italy [1985] ECR 1077 – 1

Case 294/83, Les Verts v. Parliament [1983] ECR 1339 – 1

Case 222/84, Johnston [1986] ECR 1651 – 1, 2

Case 199/85, Commission v. Italy [1987] ECR 1039 – 1

Case 257/85, Dufay [1987] ECR 1561 – 1

Joined cases 27/86 to 29/86, CEI and Bellini [1987] ECR 3347 – 1, 2

Case 31/87, Geobroeders Beentjes BV [1988] ECR 4635 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Case 249/87, Mulfinger [1989] ECR 4127 – 1

Case 346/87, Bossi v. Commission [1989] ECR 303 – 1, 2

Case 3/88, Commission v. Italy [1989] ECR 4035 – 1

Case 21/88, Du Pont de Nemours Italiana SpA [1990] ECR I-889 – 1

Case 103/88, Fratelli Costanzo SpA [1989] ECR 1839 – 1

Case C-243/89, Commission v. Denmark [1993] ECR I 3353 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-209/90, Feilhauer [1992] ECR I-2613 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-142/91, Cebag [1993] ECR I-553 – 1

Case C-272/91, Commission v. Italy [1994] ECR I-1409 – 1

Case C-71/92, Commission v. Spain [1993] ECR I-05923 – 1

Case C-328/92, Commission v. Spain [1994] ECR I-1569 – 1, 2

Case C-331/92, Gestión Hotelera Internacional [1994] ECR I-1329 – 1

Case C-280/93, Germany v. Council [1993] ECR I-3667 – 1

Case C-299/93, Bauer [1995] ECR I-839 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-324/93, The Queen v. Secretary of State from Home Department ex parte Evans Medical Ltd and Macfarland Smith Ltd, [1995], ECR I-563 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-359/93,Unix [1995] ECR I-6135 – 1

Case C-42/94, Heidemij Advies [1995] I-1417 – 1, 2

Case C-57/94, Commission v. Italy [1995] ECR I-1249 – 1

Case C-302/94, The Queen v. Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, ex parte British Telecommunications plc [1996] ECR, I-06417 – 1

Case C-318/94, Commission v. Germany [1996] ECR I-1949 – 1

Case C-70/95, Sodemare [1997] ECR-I, 3395 – 1, 2

Case C-236/95, Commission v. Greece [1996] ECR I-4459 – 1, 2

Case C-261/95, Palmisani [1997] ECR I-4025 – 1

Case C-282/95, Guérin automobiles v. Commission [1997] ECR I-1503 – 1

Case C-343/95, Diego Cali e Figli [1997] ECR 1-1547 – 1

Case C-44/96, Mannesmann Anlagenbau Austria and Others [1998] ECR I-73 – 1, 2

Case C-54/96, Dorsch Consult [1997] ECR I-4961 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case C-231/96, EDIS [1998] ECR I-4951 – 1

Case C-328/96, Commission v. Austria [1999] ECR I-7479 – 1

Case C-360/96, Gemeente Arnhem Gemeente Rheden v. BFI Holding BV [1998] ECR 6821 – 1

Case C-103/97, Josef Köllesperger and Atzwanger [1999] ECR I-551 – 344, 349, 350

Case C-134/97, Victoria Film [1998] ECR I-7023 – 1

Case C-156/97, Van Balkom Non-Ferro Scheiding BV [2000] ECR I-1095 – 401, 446

Case C-172/97, SIVU [1999] ECR I-3363 – 1, 2

Case C-258/97, HI [1999] ECR I-1405 – 1

Case C-334/97, Comune di Montiorio al Vomano [1999] ECR I-3387 – 1

Case C-414/97, Commission v. Spain [1999] E.C.R. I-5585 – 1

Case C-27/98, Fracasso and Leitschutz v. Salzburger Landesregierung [1999] ECR I-5697 – 1

Case C-78/98, Preston [2000] ECR I-3201 – 1

Case C-81/98, Alcatel Austria [1999] ECR I-7671 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Case C-107/98, Teckal v. Comune di Viano, Azienda Gas-Acqua Consorziale [1999] ECR 1-8121 – 1, 2, 3

Joined Cases C-110/98 to C-147/98, Gabalfrisa [2000] ECR I-1577 – 1

Case C-176/98, Holst Italia [1999] ECR I-8607 – 1, 2

Case C-192/98, ANAS [1999] ECR I-8583 – 1, 2

Case C-195/98, Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund [2000] ECR I 10497 – 1, 2

Case C-225/98, Commission v. France [2000] ECR I-7445 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case C-324/98, Telaustria Verlags GmbH and Telefonadress GmbH v. Telekom Austria AG [2000] ECR I-10745 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Case C-337/98, Commission v. France [2000] ECR I-8377 – 1

Case C-380/98, The Queen v. H.M Treasury ex parte The University of Cambridge [2000] ECR I-8035 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-399/98, Ordine degli Architetti di Milano e Monza[2001] ECR I-5409 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-440/98, RAI [1999] ECR I-8597 – 1

Case C-77/99, Oder-Plan-Architektur GmbH [2001] ECR I-7355 – 1

Joined cases C-80/99, C-81/99 and C-82/99, Flemmer [2001] ECR I-7211 – 1

Case C-167/99, European Parliament v. SERS and Ville de Strasbourg [2003] ECR I-3269 – 1

Joined Cases Case C-223/99 and C-260/99, Agora Srl v. Ente Autonomo Fiera Internazionale di Milano [2001] ECR 3605 – 1

Joined Cases C-285/99 and C-286/99, Impresa Lombardini SpA [2001] ECR I- 9233 – 1, 2

Case C-237/99, Commission v. France [2001] ECR I-939 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-453/99, Courage and Crehan [2001] ECR I-6297 – 1

Case C-470/99, Universale-Bau AG [2002] ECR I-11617 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Case C-496/99 P, Commission v. CAS Succhi di Frutta [2004] ECR I-3801 – 1

Case C-470/99, Universale-Bau [2002] ECR I-11617

Case C-513/99, Concordia Bus Finland [2002] ECR I-7213 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Case C-516/99, Schmid [2002] ECR I-4573 – 1

Case C-17/00, De Coster [2001] ECR I-9445 – 1

Case C-19/00, SIAC Construction Ltd [2001] ECR 1-7725 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-59/00, Bent Mousten Vestergaard [2001] ECR I-9505 – 1, 2

Case C-92/00, Hospital Ingenieure Krankenhaustechnik Planungs- GmbH (HI) [2002] ECR I-5553 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-182/00, Lutz [2002] ECR I-547 – 1

Case C-214/00, Commission v. Spain [2003] ECR I-04667 – 1, 2

Case C-312/00, Camar v. Commission [2002] ECR I-11355 – 1

Case C-327/00, Santex [2003] ECR I-1877 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-373/00, Adolf Truley [2003] ECR-193 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-18/01, Korhonen [2003] ECR I-5321 – 1

Joined Cases C-20/01 and C-28/01, Commission v. Germany [2003] ECR I-3609 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-57/01, Makedoniko Metro and Michaniki [2003] ECR I-1091 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-249/01, Werner Hackermüller and Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft mbH (BIG), Wiener Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH für den Donauraum AG (WED) [2003] ECR I-6319 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-252/01, Commission v. Belgium [2003] ECR I-11859 – 1

Case Case C-276/01, Steffensen [2003] ECR I-3735 – 1

Case C-314/01, Siemens and ARGE Telekom [2004] ECR I-2549 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-315/01, GAT v. ÖSAG [2003] ECR I-6351 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-410/01, Fritsch, Chiari & Partner [2003] ECR I-11547 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-421/01 Traunfellner [2003] ECR I-11941 – 1

Case C-424/01, CS Austria [2003] ECR I-3249 – 1

Case C-448/01, EVN AG [2003] ECR I-14527 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-212/02, Commission v. Austria, judgement of 24 June 2004, unpublished (case closed) – 1, 2, 3

Case C-230/02, Grossmann Air Service [2004] ECR I-1829 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-247/02, Sintesi SpA [2004] ECR I-9215 – 1, 2

Case C-350/02, Commission v. Netherlands [2004] ECR I-6213 – 1

Case C-385/02, Commission v. Italy [2004] ECR I-8121 – 1

Case C-394/02, Commission v. Greece [2005] ECR I-4713 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-434/02, Arnold André [2004] ECR I-11825 – 1

Joined Cases C-21/03 and C-34/03, Fabricom SA [2005] ECR I-1559 – 1, 2

Case C-26/03, Stadt Halle and RPL Lochau [2005] ECR I-1 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Case C-53/03, Syfait [2006] ECR I-4609 – 1

Case C-84/03, Commission v. Spain [2005] ECR I-139 – 1, 2

Case C-125/03, Commission v. Germany [2004] ECR I-4771 – 1

Case C-126/03, Commission v. Germany [2004] ECR I-11197 – 1, 2

Case C-210/03, Swedish Match [2004] ECR I-11893 – 1

Case C-231/03, Consorzio Aziende Metano v. Comune di Cingia de’ Botti, Coname [2005] ECR I-7287 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-264/03, Commission v. France [2005] I-8831 – 1

Case C-275/03, Commission v. Portugal, judgement of 14 October 2004, unpublished – 1

Case C-414/03, Commission v. Germany, judgement of 3 March 2005, unpublished – 1

Case C-458/03, Parking Brixen GmbH [2005], ECR I-08585 – 1, 2

Case C-461/03, Schul [2005] ECR I-10513 – 1

Joined cases C-462/03 and C-463/03, Strabag AG [2005] ECR I- 05397 – 1, 2

Case C-525/03, Commission v. Italy [2005] ECR I-9405 – 1

Case C-507/03, Commission v. Ireland [2007] ECR I-9777 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Case C-331/04, ATI EAC Srl [2005] ECR I-10109 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-532/03, Commission v. Ireland [2007] ECR I-11353 – 1

Case C-129/04, Espace Trianon SA [2005] ECR I-7805 – 1

Case C-186/04, Pierre Housieaux [2005] ECR I-3299 – 1

Case C-195/04, Commission v. Finland [2007] ECR I-3351 – 1, 2

Case C-226/04, La Cascina [2006] ECR 2006 I-01347 – 1

Case C-260/04, Commission v. Italy [2007], ECR I-7083 – 1

Case C-340/04, Carbotermo S.P.A. [2006], ECR-I, 4137 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-412/04, Commission v. Italy [2008], ECR I-619 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-410/04, Associazione Nazionale Autotrasporto Viaggiatori (ANAV) [2006] ECR I-3303 – 1

Case C-412/04, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-619 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-503/04, Commission v. Germany [2007] ECR I 6153 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-506/04, Wilson [2006] ECR I-8613 – 1

Case C-6/05, Medipac [2007] ECR I-4557 – 1, 2

Case C-220/05, Jean Auroux v. Commune de Roanne [2007] ECR I-385 – 1, 2

Case C-284/05, Commission v. Finland [2009] ECR I-11705 – 1

Case C-294/05, Commission v. Sweden [2009] ECR I-11777 – 1

Case C-295/05, Asemfo [2007] ECR I-2999 – 1, 2

Case C-337/05, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-2173 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-382/05, Commission v. Italy [2007] ECR I-6657 – 1

Case C-387/05, Commission v. Italy [2009] ECR I-11831 – 1

Case C-399/05, Commission v. Greece [2007] ECR 2007 I-101 – 1

Case C-409/05, Commission v. Greece [2009] ECR I-11859 – 1

Case C-461/05, Commission v. Denmark [2009] ECR I-11887 – 1

Case C-38/06, Commission v. Portugal [2010] ECR I-1569 – 1

Joined Cases C-147/06 and C-148/06, SECAP SpA [2008] ECR I-3565 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Case C-157/06, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-7313 – 1

Case C-220/06, Asociación Profesional de Empresas de Reparto y Manipulado de Correspondencia [2007] ECR I-12175 – 1

Case C-239/06, Commission v. Italy [2009] ECR I-11913 – 1

Case C-241/06, Lämmerzahl GmbH [2007], ECR I-8415 – 1

Case C-346/06, Rüffert [2008] ECR I-1989 – 1

Case C-357/06, Frigerio Luigi [2007] ECR I-12311 – 1, 2

Case C-393/06, Ing. Aigner, Wasser-Wärme-Umwelt, GmbH [2008] ECR I-2339 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-444/06, Commission v. Spain [2008] ECR I-2045 – 1

Case C-454/06, pressetext Nachrichtenagentur GmbH [2008] ECR I-4401 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Case C-480/06, Commission v. Germany [2009] ECR I-4747 – 1, 2, 3

Case C-492/06, Consorzio Elisoccorso San Raffaele [2007] ECR I-8189 – 1

Case C-532/06, Lianakis AE [2008] ECR I-251 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case C-199/07, Commission v. Greece [2008] ECR I-251 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-213/07, Michaniki [2008] ECR I-09999 – 1, 2

Case C-250/07, Commission v. Greece [2009] ECR I-4369 – 1, 2

Case C-324/07, Coditel Brabant [2008] ECR I-8457 – 1, 2

Case C-423/07, Commission v. Spain [2010] ECR I-3429 – 1

Case C-437/07, Commission v. Italy [2008] ECR I-153 – 1

Case C-536/07, Commission v. Germany [2009] ECR I-10355 – 1, 2

Case C-538/07, Assitur [2009] ECR I-4219 – 1, 2

Case C-91/08, Wall AG [2010] ECR I-2815 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case C-138/08, Hochtief and Linde-Kca-Dresden [2009] ECR I-9889 – 1, 2, 3

Joined Cases C-145/08 and C-149/08, Club Hotel Loutraki AE [2010] ECR I-4165 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-160/08, Commission v. Germany [2010], ECR I-3713 – 1

Case C-196/08, Acoset SpA [2009] ECR I-9913 – 1

Case C-206/08, Wasser- und Abwasserzweckverband Gotha und v. Eurawasser Aufbereitungs- und Entsorgungsgesellschaft mbH [2009], ECR I-8377 – 1, 2

Case C-271/08, Commission v. Germany [2010] ECR I-7091 – 1

Case C-275/08, Commission v. Germany [2009], ECR I-168 – 1, 2

Case C-299/08, Commission v. France [2009] ECR I-11587 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-305/08, CoNISMa [2009] ECR I-12129 – 1

Case C-327/08, Commission v. France [2009] ECR I-102 – 1

Case C-406/08, Uniplex (UK) Ltd [2010] ECR I-817 – 1

Case C-451/08, Helmut Müller GmbH [2010] ECR I-2673 – 1

Case C-456/08, Commission v. Ireland [2010] ECR I-859 – 1

Case C-570/08, Symvoulio Apochetefseon Lefkosias [2010] ECR I-10131 – 1

Case C-17/09, Commission v. Germany [2010] ECR I-4 – 1, 2

Case C-74/09, Bâtiments et Ponts Construction [2010] ECR I-7271 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case C-215/09, Mehiläinen Oy [2010] ECR I-13749 – 1

Case C-226/09, Commission v. Ireland [2010] ECR I-11807 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Case C-274/09, Privater Rettungsdienst und Krankentransport Stadler [2011] ECR I-1335 – 1, 2

Case C-401/09 P, Evropaïki Dynamiki v. European Central Bank [2011] ECR I-4911 – 1

Case C-517/09, RTL Belgium SA [2010] I-14093 – 1, 2

Case C-95/10, Strong Segurança SA v. Município de Sintra, Securitas-Serviços e Tecnologia de Segurança [2011] ECR I-1865 – 1, 2

Case C-368/10, Commission v. The Netherlands [2012], not yet reported – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Case C-615/10, Insinööritoimisto InsTiimi Oy [2012], not yet reported – 1

C-159/11, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Lecce, Universita del Salento [2012], not yet reported – 1, 2

C-182/11 and C-183/11, Econord SpA v. Comune di Cagno, Comune di Varese, Comune di Solbiate [2012], not yet reported – 1

General Court (formerly Court of First Instance)

Alphabetical

Case T-19/95, Adia Interim SA v. Commission [1996] ECR II-321 – 1, 2

Case T-145/98, ADT v. Commission [2000] II-397 – 1

Case T-160/03, AFCon v. Commission [2005] ECR II-981 – 1

Case T-365/00, AICS v. Parliament [2002] ECR II-2719 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-139/99, Alsace International Car Services v. Parliament [2000] ECR II-2849 – 1, 2

Case T-495/04, Belfass v. Council [2008] ECR II-781 – 1, 2

Case T-114/92, BEMIM [1995] ECR II-147 – 1

Case T-437/05, Brink’s Security Luxembourg v. Commission [2009] ECR II-3233 – 1

Case T-447/04 R, Capgemini Nederland v. Commission [2005] ECR II-257 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-117/95, Corman v. Commission [1997] ECR II-95 – 1

Joined Cases T-339/10 and T-532/10, Cosepuri/EFSA [2013], not yet reported – 1

Case T-518/09, Ecoceane v. EMSA [2013], not yet reported – 1

Case T-336/94, Efisol [1996] ECR II-1343 – 1

Case T-203/96, Embassy Limousines and Services [1998], ECR II-4239 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case T-169/00, Esedra SPRL [2002] ECR II-609 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-465/04, Evropaïki Dinamiki v. Commission [2008] ECR II-145 – 1

Case T-70/05, Evropaïki Dynamiki v. EMSA [2010] ECR II-313 – 1

Case T-303/04 R, European Dynamics v. Commission [2004] ECR II-3889 – 1

Case T-26/01, Fiocchi Munizioni v. Commission [2003] ECR II-3951 – 1

Case T-258/06, Germany v. Commission [2010], ECR II-2027 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-114/06 R, Globe v. Commission [2006] ECR II-2627 – 1

Case T-333/03, MAsdar v. Commission [2006] ECR II-4377 – 1

Case T-231/97, New Europe Consulting and Michael Brown v. Commission [1999] ECR II-240 – 1

Case T-73/95, Oliveria SA v. Commission [1997] ECR II-381 – 1

Case T-4/01, Renco [2003] ECR II-171 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case T-411/06, Sogelma v. AER [2008] ECR II-2771 – 1

Case T-183/00, Strabag v. Council [2003] ECR II-135 – 1, 2

Case T-148/04, TQ3 Travel Solutions [2005] ECR II-2627 – 1

Case T-89/07, VIP Car Solutions SARL v. Parliament [2009] ECR II-1403 – 1, 2

Numerical (by case number)

Case T-114/92, BEMIM [1995] ECR II-147 – 1

Case T-336/94, Efisol [1996] ECR II-1343 – 1

Case T-19/95, Adia Interim SA v. Commission [1996] ECR II-321 – 1, 2

Case T-73/95, Oliveria SA v. Commission [1997] ECR II-381 – 1

Case T-117/95, Corman v. Commission [1997] ECR II-95 – 1

Case T-203/96, Embassy Limousines and Services [1998], ECR II-4239 – 1, 2, 3, 4

Case T-231/97, New Europe Consulting and Michael Brown v. Commission [1999] ECR II-240 – 1

Case T-145/98, ADT v. Commission [2000] II-397 – 1

Case T-139/99, Alsace International Car Services v. Parliament [2000] ECR II-2849 – 1, 2

Case T-160/03, AFCon v. Commission [2005] ECR II-981 – 1

Case T-169/00, Esedra SPRL [2002] ECR II-609 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-183/00, Strabag v. Council [2003] ECR II-135 – 1, 2

Case T-365/00, AICS v. Parliament [2002] ECR II-2719 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-4/01, Renco [2003] ECR II-171 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Case T-26/01, Fiocchi Munizioni v. Commission [2003] ECR II-3951 – 1

Case T-333/03, MAsdar v. Commission [2006] ECR II-4377 – 1

Case T-148/04, TQ3 Travel Solutions [2005] ECR II-2627 – 1

Case T-303/04 R, European Dynamics v. Commission [2004] ECR II-3889 – 1

Case T-447/04 R, Capgemini Nederland v. Commission [2005] ECR II-257 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-465/04, Evropaïki Dinamiki v. Commission [2008] ECR II-145 – 1

Case T-495/04, Belfass v. Council [2008] ECR II-781

Case T-70/05, Evropaïki Dynamiki v. EMSA [2010] ECR II-313 – 1

Case T-437/05, Brink’s Security Luxembourg v. Commission [2009] ECR II-3233 – 1

Case T-258/06, Germany v. Commission [2010], ECR II-2027 – 1, 2, 3

Case T-114/06 R, Globe v. Commission [2006] ECR II-2627 – 1

Case T-411/06, Sogelma v. AER [2008] ECR II-2771 – 1

Case T-89/07, VIP Car Solutions SARL v. Parliament [2009] ECR II-1403 – 1, 2

Case T-518/09, Ecoceane v. EMSA [2013], not yet reported – 1

Joined Cases T-339/10 and T-532/10, Cosepuri/EFSA [2013], not yet reported – 1

European Court of Human Rights

Decision of 9 December 1994, Application no. 13427/87, Stran Greek Refineries and Stratis Andreadis v. Greece – 1

Canada

Ontario v. Ron Engineering and Construction (Eastern) ltd [1981] 1 S.C.R. 111 – 1

Bau-Québec ltée v. Sainte-Julie (Ville) [1999] R.J.Q. 2650 (C.A.) – 1

Wells v. Newfoundland [1999] 3 S.C.R. 199 – 1

MJB Enterprises v. Defence Construction [1999] 1 S.C.R. 619 – 1

Pacific National Investments Ltd v. Victoria (City) [2000] 2 S.C.R. 919 – 1

Prud’homme v. Prud’homme [2002] 4 S.C.R. 919 – 1

Seprotech Systems inc. v. Peacock inc. [2003] FCA 71 – 1

Double N. Earthmovers ltd v. Edmonton (City) [2007] 1 S.C.R. 116 – 1

Canada (Citiz. and Immigr.) v. Khosa [2009] 1 S.C.R. 339 – 1

Denmark

Complaints Board for Public Procurement (decision of December 14, 2007), Thomas Borgå v. the Municipality of Skive) – 1

Complaints Board for Public Procurement (Smørum Kraftvarme AmbA v. Energinet.dk, December 2010) – 1

France

Conseil constitutionnel, 10 juin 1998, décision 98-401 – 1

CE 18 january 1991, Ville d’Antibes c/ SARL Dani, n° 80827 – 1

CE, 29 October 2004, M. Sueur, n° 269814 – 1

CE 4 april 2005, Commune de Castellar, n° 265784 – 1

CE, Ass., 16 July 2007, Sté Tropic Travaux Signalisation, n° 291545 – 1

CE, 24 octobre 2008, Communauté d’agglomération de l’Artois, n° 313600 – 1

CE 7 novembre 2008 Département de la Vendée, n° 291794 – 2

CE, 5 juin 2009, Sté Avenance Enseignement et santé, n° 298641 – 1

CE, 24 June 2011, Ministre de l’écologie, n° 347720 – 1, 2

Germany

Oberverwaltungsgericht Münster, judgement of 30. 8. 2000 – case 9 A 5294/97 – 1, 2

Italy

Cons. Stato, Ad. plen., 1° agosto 2011, n. 16 – 1

United Kingdom

R. (on the application of the Law society) v. Legal Services Commission [2007] EWCA Civ 1274 – 1

Table of legislation

World Trade Organization WTO

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Agreement on Government Procurement

Article 3 – 1

Article 6 – 1

Article 20 – 1

Annex II – 1

European Convention on Human Rights

Article 6 – 1

Article 13 – 1

Protocol 1 – 1

European Union (formerly European Communities)EC Treaty

Article 28 – 1

Article 43 – 1, 2

Article 49 – 1, 2

Article 81 – 1

Article 82 – 1

Article 86 – 1

Article 226 – 1, 2

Article 230 – 1

Article 231 – 1

Article 249 – 1

TFEU

Article 18 – 1

Article 28 – 1, 2

Article 30 – 1

Article 34 – 1, 2

Article 36 – 1, 2

Article 45 – 1

Article 49 – 1, 2

Article 51 – 1

Article 52 – 1

Article 53 – 1, 2

Article 56 – 1, 2, 3

Article 57 – 1

Article 62 – 1, 2

Article 102 – 1

Article 107 – 1

Article 106 – 1, 2

Article 114 – 1, 2

Article 123 – 1

Article 124 – 1

Article 125 – 1

Article 187 – 1

Article 234 – 1, 2

Article 257