Introduction to Evil: Therapist Working with Perpetrators

Copyright © 2020 Elisa Jimenez.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the author except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

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Translated by Edgar Soto

Edited by Daisy Ulloa & Raylene Marichi

ISBN: 978-1-5320-8272-6 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-5320-8273-3 (e)

iUniverse rev. date: 02/28/2020

CONTENTS

Abstract

Evil: In Our Homes in Our Hearts and In Our Lives

Historical Facts

Concepts Of Criminal Psychology For Class

Classical criminology

Methods in the diagnosis of the antisocial personality disorder

Chapter V Trocaven

Sick Behavior

Trocaven Chapter V intelligence

Trocaven Chapter IV deep psychology

Criminal Chapter XI

Chapter X Personal criminality

Differential Psychology Chapter X Trocaven

Trocaven Chapter Xll

Marchioro

Study of the family structure

Marchioro Chapter 1. Criminal personality

Psycopathic and criminal personality

Criminological clinical diagnosis

Entrance to the prison institution

Articles

Domestic Violence

Physical Abuse During Childhood

Who is the criminal?

Final Thoughts/ Conclusion

References

ABSTRACT

How do you conceptualize destructiveness, hate, toxic interpersonal

relationships but mostly the capacity to do bad consciously towards

others? How do we protect the good from contamination from evil

if the society that we live in has made us progressively ill? To treat,

prevent and work with evil one must be touch by the sense of hope

that there is good in the human heart. Who can fight the invisible

force of secrecy and silence behind one’s destructive intentions

towards others. May this be an active way of seeing other angles of

the phenomena of evil with mental health to untangle the confusion.

To my parents who made

of me a warrior; Minoru and

Chizuko that where the motor to continue to work

for a better world and to Vahe who unconditionally

supported the projects in my journey.

EVIL: IN OUR HOMES IN OUR

HEARTS AND IN OUR LIVES

To talk about love in times of cholera like Gabriel García Márquez used to say, is a particular matter on a particular historic timeframe. Most of the time, people avoid speaking about evil even though it is inherent in their development and experiences because it is found in the vortex of the variations and contradictions of sick love. Society has not questioned itself enough about love, when at least the wondering in the search of truth and the noble ethic ideals have been for centuries the specialized search of a specific sector, this proposal is difficult because it touches upon the other hidden, restrained, mislead, and forgotten aspects which everyone’s life. The way is tough if every human being accepts responsibility for their own evil, there is no toughest enemy than oneself, but I feel that from my experiences with students, patients, people and specialists that this area opens a big channel to transform society, above all, it allows the opening of the necessary space within a rigorous observation of my own evil.

This book was born as an experimental experience, a necessity to record from the other side the events of that that harms, destroys and that it has its deep roots in the functioning of every human being. My training made me understand the need to systematize a categorical experience without forgetting that the mind divides by the didactic need to learn and the heart dissolves the contradictions by uniting these two components, a transformation becomes evident towards another level of understanding the phenomenon.

The fascination for the biology and chemistry of the heart or of the psyche and given the fact that I am a psychoanalyst by training helped me to adapt experiments of laboratory so necessary in the current scientific method. The experience with myself, with sectors of the population with few hopes to readapt, the patients, the groups in formation within the PSI world, the specialists, and numerous experiences in workshops and conferences made me understand and commit to change the world, but I was not sure that I was going to like the world that my children were going to live, I thought of them, I felt their hearts beat and I used to wonder: What will be the process of necessary change to act and live in a better world? In this process I started to have contact with minor offenders and inmates and to my surprise I realized that they were not many differences, oddly enough, the only thing that made inmates different from those of us that are still outside, perhaps, caged on our own minds, but outside, was the possibility of not being able to translate thoughts into words and then into actions.

And then it began a few-year-lasting journey in the search of an answer. Partly, the answer on the psychological part to understand humans and to look for the right path through the rediscovery of their own evil so in this process every perpetrator can compromise with change and be able may be able through evil and their own narcissism find the sparkle of humanity that the world needs to change.

The scholastic definition of criminology allows us to define it as the social and empirical science that orders and organizes a hierarchy for the capacity to harm others in their property, their interests, their families, their personal well-being; it works with the nature and extension of crime, the features of the criminals and their ways of organization, the problem of their apprehension and the sentence of the aggressor, the operations of prisons and the institution of correction, the rehabilitation of inmates in and out of prison and its prevention on a primary, secondary and tertiary level.

As a positivist science, it has two objectives:

To determine the causes of criminal behavior and the development of principles for the control of the criminal relying on biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology and of course criminology.

Criminology, then, suggests a relation with the person while medical jurisprudence suggests a relation with the instruments with which the criminal operates.

Historically in the 18th century scientists and theorists were able to make advances in the explanation of crime given that Lombroso Cesare in the 1800’s attributed crime to people born with hereditary marks. This theory was dismissed by Charles Goerin who established that the criminal inclined since birth to commit crimes does not exist; however, we owe Cesare an advance in the sense that accentuates the distinction of crime and sin so diffused in the first phase and on the other side, the scientific study of the criminal.

In the 19th century crime was attributed to poverty, pointing out the increase of unemployment, overpopulation, lack of privacy and unsuitable recreational space. In the 20th century known as neoclassic, punishments and penalties are rejected according to the circumstances of the crime and punishment and to the limited responsibility of youngsters, disable people or mentally disabled.

Modern criminology is based in clinical psychology and the study method of cases for interdisciplinary rehabilitation with support of psychologists and sociologists that help the readjustment of programs of reform and rehabilitation for the adequate functioning in the population and their adequate reinsertion in the social core.

There are 3 phases on the development of criminology since the 18th century.:

• Classical criminology – crime was the same as a sin and the violation of the sacred obligation, scholastics distinguished between crime and sin making possible to explain criminal behavior not as religious. It was then when a period of occurrence happened. (Classical Criminology or First Period)

• In the 19th century or the phase of modern criminology certain social aspects began to be created, publication was made and several journals were published, empirical tests began to be used and theories began to be created. Technological concepts of biological development began to be applied and the science of behavior began to develop typologies of crime and criminals e.g. identification of patterns such as opportunity and risk and biological, psychological, sociological, features of the aggressor such as dangerousness.

• In the second half of the 19th century, the independent criminologist was born with interdisciplinary theories and also with the pressure in their possibilities of prediction about the dangerousness of an individual, his incidence and his possibility of re-incidence.

Currently, criminology is the science that studies the criminal and his behavior trying to construct theories that explain the reason of crime, they establish a sequence where they prove their theories observing behavior in natural scenarios helping society through preventive models of incidence, re-incidence, and answering to the occurrence of the phenomenon.

Among the most important theories of criminal occurrences we found:

• The bio-social theory with genetic studies of twins, neurological irregularities such as abnormal discharge in a specific area of the brain such as the limbic circuit or in the parietal and frontal area of the cerebral cortex; and abnormalities in aggression conducted in studies of brainless animals and war veterans etc.

• Psychological theories: in which theories of moral development stand out like the establishment of moral judgment (Piaget), the theories of social development such as learning to internalize moral codes (Kolhbert) and the theories of personalities that relate to the learning pattern differences for the internalization of moral codes (Adler, Jung, Freud, etc.) that explain how predispositions are acquired to certain behaviors in certain aspects characteristics e.g. inferiority, impulsiveness, introversion, etc.

• Sociological theories; internalization of moral codes by a process of socialization means learning in interaction instead of a series of phases and studies indicate the particular social group that affects criminal motivations and their process of socialization in two currents: socio-structural and subcultural. (Certain groups have certain different values to society, they acquire and follow the value of the group, the crime does not occur by its imperfect socialization, it occurs because they have socialized in a group divert and have acquired its values)

• Environmental and social theories of crime, where environmental and social factors instead of biological and psychological are focused in the social influence or in economic factors e.g. level of poverty, from this the concept of criminal career is born by imitation.

• Ecological theory in relation with the social environment emphasizes the migration and urbanization as sources of criminal acquisition emphasizing urban areas.

• Economic theory; establishes the moments of economic deprivation and unemployment and expose crime as the conflictive result of such factors.

• Theory of criminal opportunity established in the 70’s, it explains the criminal motivation as the occurrence of the event; the motivation is not enough for it requires the opportunity to do the inclination. They also identify the factors of opportunity related with dangerousness that serves to elaborate preventive strategies:

1. Access to the target or victim

2. Perceived attractiveness of the target or victim

3. Closeness to the potential number of offenders

4. Lack of secureness or possible help

The equation, then, is according to this theory an interrelation of random variables more than the process and the result (rise in crime = environment, access, attractiveness, proximity with less surveillance)

Support Material for the course: Psychological Aspects of Criminology.

Historical Facts

Objective: To define criminal psychology and its variants, to identify contributions of psychology in the field of criminology.

Expected level: Understanding

Concepts and definitions:

• Criminal psychology or criminological clinic (General, evolutionary, differential, preventive)

• Criminal behavior.

• Crime (Law and clinic)

• Criminology

Concepts Of Criminal Psychology For Class

Aggression: Behavior intentionally directed to harm in an active, conscious and deliberate form in any aspect of functioning of another person. For the didactic purposes of this book it is important to note that aggression is taken as an instinctive concept, whereas violence is noted as the process of socialized transformation by an instinctive or biological base.

Frustration: State of the individual in a situation in which strong motives are blocked and the behavior of resolution of problems is abandoned generating psychological or physical tension and moving the body into defense mode. Psychologically, it is a state of excitement manifested with aggression and flight from the situation, anxiety for the inability to reach objectives through the usual defense mechanisms; situation of psychic aggression would be insufficient mechanisms of defense, psychological reaction of tiredness.

Dangerousness: probability to infringe harm to someone else in specific situations, it cannot be done in an absence of an established pattern of violence (Pollock, 1990)

General Syndrome of Adaptation (Hanz Selve, 1950)

1. Initial reaction of alarm: (organs in alert) excitement of the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

2. Stage of resistance: prolonged abnormal function for a period of time to hold defenses against tension and the rise of white blood cells

3. Tiredness: exhausted corporal resources

Criminal psychology: Part of clinical psychology that studies the behavior of the delinquent, his way to conduct himself, his proceedings, is an expression of personality, a meaningful act that represents the symptom.

Antisocial behavior is divided in occasional, premeditated, and usual acts; its repetition in a single direction gives us its meaningful