Atlas of Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae Vol 4: Lichenized Ascomycota

Felix Schumm, Mozartstr. 9, 73117 Wangen, Germany. Email: [email protected]

André Aptroot, Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Bairro Universitário, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Matto Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Email: [email protected]

Content

Volume 1

Introduction

Material and Methods

Key to genera and species

Literature

Plates and descriptions

Volume 2

Plates and descriptions

Volume 3

Plates and descriptions

Volume 4

Plates and descriptions

Index with synonymes

new combinations

Astrothelium himalayense (Upreti & Aptroot) Aptroot & Schumm Bogoriella oleosa (Aptroot) Aptroot & Schumm Pseudopyrenula kantvilasii (P.M. McCarthy) Aptroot

Pyrenula hibernica (Nyl.) Aptroot & Etayo, in Etayo & Aptroot. Lichenologist 35(3): 235 (2003)

= Anthacothecium hibernicum (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Monogr. Brit. Lich. 2: 342(1911)

= Polymastia hibernica (Nyl.) Arnold, Flora, Regensburg 53: 21 (1870)

= Verrucaria hibernica Nyl., Flora. Regensburg 51: 163 (1868)

= Verrucaria pyrenuloides var. hibernica (Nyl.) Carroll, J. Bot., Lond. 6: 163 (1868)

Thallus immersed, pale olive-green or yellow-buff, sometimes with white dots, smooth, continuous, with age becoming rougher and rarely cracked. Ascomata 1–2 m diam., black, arising 1–1.5 mm below the surface; only the pale ostiolum visible at surface, or ascomata visible through translucent surface of thallus; occuring singly, or radially arranged in groups of 2 to 5; ostioles lateral, often joined, visible as a pale yellow- or orange-brown depression, or level with surface of thallus. Asci 4- to 8-spored. Ascospores muriform, brown when mature, (57–)70–135(–140) × (24–) × 26–47(–55) μm, oblong to fusiform–ellipsoid. Pycnidia c. 2 mm diam., divided into chambers; conidia 24–27 × 1 μm. Chemistry: Thallus C-, K-, KC-, P-, UV+ pale yellow.

[ABL61955], Scotland, Argyll, Sunart, Resipole, near Allt Mhic Chiarain river, on Corylus. 0–50 m. Leg. A. Aptroot (no 61955), 1830.07.2004, det. A. Aptroot, 2004.

Pyrenula infracongruens Aptroot & Schumm, in Schumm & Aptroot, Seychelles Lichen Guide (Wangen); 280 (2010)

Thallus yellowish grey, smooth, up to 0.4 mm thick, with a 20–40 μm thick hyaline cortical layer, UV- negative. Ascomata only visible by the grey ostiole, immersed in the thallus, globose to pyriform, c. 0.2–0.4 mm diam, surrounded by a thin carbonized wall which is thicker at the upper half and especially around the ostiole, suggesting a clypear origin. Hamathecium not inspersed. Ascospores 11–13 × 6–7 pm, 3–septate, rather variably coloured grey to brown, ellipsoid with parallel sides, mostly sharply pointed, end lumina in spore tips, central lumina often irregularly placed, rounded to angular.

This is a species with ascospores of the pseudobufonia-type (with the end lumina in the ascospore tips) differing from Pyrenula nitidula by the much smaller spores, and from Pyrenula fetivica also by the absence of inspersión, and from both species by the thick, corticate thallus which hides most of the ascomata.

[14552], Seychelles, La Digue, La Retraite, Straße nach Grand Anse, 4°21.996’ S, 55°50.170’ E, ca. 40 m. Leg. F. Schumm 05.10.2008, det. A. Aptroot 2008. HOLOTYPUS.

Pyrenula Infraleucotiypa Aptroot & M. Cáceres, Lichenologist 45(2): 175(2013)

Thallus thin, oily, yellowish brown to olivegreen or olive-brown, glossy, widely spreading, without pseudocyphellae, without a prothallus. Ascomata superficial, conical, 0.4–0.7mm diam., mostly in groups of 3–40 and partly to completely fused laterally with only partly fused walls and separate ostioles. Resulting stromata superficial, black, often strongly contrasting in colour with the pale thallus. Ostiole apical, black or with whitish pruinose ring. Hamathecium not inspersed. Ascospores 8 per ascus, irregularly biseriate, 3-septate, 15—18(—22) × 5–7(–9) pm, ends often pointed, lumina angular to rounded, often wider than long, with a thick layer of endospore in the spore tips. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: No substances detected.

[ABL 11468], Brazil, Rondônia, Porto Velho, Parque Circuito, 8°43’54 S, 63°54’04 W, 100 m, in plantation, on Hevea brasiliensis bark. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 11468), 11.03.2012, det. A. Aptroot, 2012. ISOTYPE.

Pyrenula inframanúllana Aptroot & M. Cáceres, Lichenologist 45(2): 177(2013)

Thallus thin, olive-green to olive-brown, smooth but not glossy, widely spreading, often occupying a large area (dm2), without pseudocyphel-lae, without prothallus. Ascomata superficial, conical, 0.4–0.9(-l,2) mm diam., solitary. Ostiole apical, brown to black. Hamathecium inspersed with hyaline oil globules. Ascospores 8 per ascus, uniseriate, 3-septate, 10–15 × 3.5–4.0 urn, lumina rounded to angular, not longer than wide, with a thick layer of endospore in the spore tips. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: No substances detected.

[ABL11290], Rondônia, Porto Velho, Parque Natural Municipal, 8°4r10 S, 63°52’05 W, 100 m, in primary rainforest, on tree bark. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 11290), 9–12.03.2012, det. A. Apt-root, 2012. ISOTYPE.

Pyrenula inspersicollaris Aptroot & M. Cáceres, in Aptroot, Andrade, Mendonça, Lima & Cáceres, Phytotaxa 197(3): 203 (2014)

Thallus thin, corticate, dark brown, somewhat glossy, without pseudo-cyphellae, without prothallus. Ascomata emergent from the bark but fully covered by thallus, pyriform, 0.3–0.5 mm diam., usually 2- fused, without clearly fused walls but with fused ostioles. Wall carbonized all around. Ostiole lateral. Hamathecium inspersed with hyaline oil droplets. Ascospores 8/ascus, brown, irregularly biseriate, 3-septate, 17–20 × 5.5–6.5 pm, lumina mostly rounded, separated from the wall by a thick layer of endospore. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Thallus UV- no substances detected with TLC.

[ABL21754], Brazil. Sergipe, Areia Branca, Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, S slope, 10°44’35 S, 37°20’25 W, 400 m, on tree bark in Atlantic rainforst. Leg. M. Cáceres & A. Aptroot (no 21754), 10.05.2014, det. A. Aptroot, 2014. ISOTYPE.

Pyrenula impersoleucotrypa Aptroot, L.I. Ferraro & M. Cáceres, Li-cheitobgist46(l): 97 (2014)

Thallus corticate, smooth, continuous, rather thin, olivaceous brown, without pseudocyphellae, surrounded by a black prothallus line. Algae trentepohlioid. Ascomata perithecioid, erumpent, 0.4–1.2 mm diam., black, conical with flattened tips, mostly aggregated in groups or lines of 2–8, with partly fused walls but separate ostioles. Wall carbonized all around, up to c. 100 mm thick. Ostioles pale brown, apical, flat. Hamathecium hyaline, inspersed with hyaline oil droplets. Asci cylind-rico-clavate, with 8 ascospores. Ascospores brown, 3-septate, fusiform, without constrictions, 17–20 × 6.5–8.0 m, ends obtuse but rather pointed, middle lumina broadly diamond-shaped, end lumina triangular, separated from the wall by thick endospore layer. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry. Thallus UV-, C-, K-, KC-, P–. No substances detected by TLC.

[ABL1I468], Brazil, Rondônia, Porto Velho, Parque Circuito, on Hevea brasiliensis bark in plantation. 8°43’54 S, 63°54’04 W, 100 m. Leg. M. Cáceres &A. Aptroot (no 11468), 11.03.2012, det. A.Aptroot, 2012. ISOTYPE.

Pyrenula inspersoleucotrypa Aptroot, L.I. Ferraro & M. Cáceres, Li-cheitobgist46(l): 97 (2014)

Thallus corticate, smooth, continuous, rather thin, olivaceous brown, without pseudocyphellae, surrounded by a black prothallus line. Algae trentepohlioid. Ascomata perithecioid, erumpent, 0.4–1.2 mm diam., black, conical with flattened tips, mostly aggregated in groups or lines of 2–8, with partly fused walls but separate ostioles. Wall carbonized all around, up to c. 100 mm thick. Ostioles pale brown, apical, flat. Hamathecium hyaline, inspersed with hyaline oil droplets. Asci cylind-rico-clavate, with 8 ascospores. Ascospores brown, 3-septate, fusiform, without constrictions, 17–20 × 6.5–8.0 pm, ends obtuse but rather pointed, middle lumina broadly diamond-shaped, end lumina triangular, separated from the wall by thick endospore layer. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry. Thallus UV-, C-, K-, KC-, P–. No substances detected by TLC.

[Ferraro 10533], Brazil, Prov. Missiones, Puerto Iguazú, near Hotel Selvático Don Horacio, 230 m, 25°36’20 S, 54°33’33 W. On tree bark in evergreen tropical rainforest. Leg. L.I. Ferraro (no 10533), A. Aptroot & M. Cáceres, 22.02.2013, det. A. Aptroot, 2013. ISOTYPE.

Pyrenula interditela (Nyl,) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univers. 1: 433(1922) = Arlhonia interducta Ny\. 1866

Ascomata conical-depressed to semi-globose, 0.5–1 mm diain., with thallus cover. Ostioles indistinct. Hamathectum inspersed with colourless oil globules. Ascospores 4-loculate, 30—42 × 10–18 urn.

[HÌI19253], Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal island, central part, Sutakiki river on ridge, on S side near confluence with Balasuna river, c. 500 m. Leg. D. J. Hill (no 9253), 27.10.1965, det. A. Aptroot, 2013.

Pyrenula irosina Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. fenn.. Ser. A 15(no.6): 337 (1921)

Ascomata flattened hemispherical, finally exposed, c. 1,5–2.5 mm diam. Hamathecium lightly inspersed with colourless oil globules. Ascospores uniseriate, 4-loculate, 16–24 × 5–9 jixm, oblong-cylindrical with obtuse or acute apices.

[Elmerl4928], Philippines,Luzon island, prov. Sorsogon, Irosin, 1250 m. On the stem of a big liana. Leg. A. D. E. Elmer (no 14928), 12.1915. 1SOTYPUS.

Pyrenula kermesina R.C. Harris, Moscosoa 6: 214 (1990)

Thallus not corticate, entirely red or pigmented mainly over ascomata in weathered portions, not pseudocyphellate, KOH+ purple, UV–. Ascomata mostly immersed, visible as slightly raised wart elongated with the grain of wood, up to 5 mm by 1–2 mm, usually more strongly pigmented than the surrounding thallus, consisting mainly of bark, containing 3–6 chambres; ostioles remaining distinct but emerging, usually in a single