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    Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealed: A Multi-Model Database Designed for the Cloud
    Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealed: A Multi-Model Database Designed for the Cloud
    Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealed: A Multi-Model Database Designed for the Cloud
    Ebook292 pages2 hours

    Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealed: A Multi-Model Database Designed for the Cloud

    By José Rolando Guay Paz

    ()

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    About this ebook

    Learn the main features of Azure Cosmos DB and how to use Microsoft’s multi-model database service as a data store for mission-critical applications. The clear examples help in writing your own applications to take advantage of Cosmos DB’s multi-model, globally distributed, elastic database. Simple step-by-step instructions show how to resolve common and uncommon scenarios involving Azure Cosmos DB, and scenarios such as delivering extremely low response times (in the order of milliseconds), and scaling rapidly and globally.
    Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealed demonstrates a multitude of possible implementations to get you started. This book guides you toward best practices to get the most out of Microsoft’s Cosmos DB service. Later chapters in the book cover advanced implementation features, helping you master important elements such as securing the database, querying, and using various APIs. 
    What You'll Learn
    • Set up a development environment to work with Azure Cosmos DB
    • Configure Azure Cosmos DB in a production environment with multi-region distribution
    • Query using all APIs, including SQL, JavaScript, MongoDB, and Graph
    • Work with the Azure Cosmos DB.NET SDK in an application you built
    • Access Cosmos DB from web applications created in .NET
    Who This Book Is For
    Developers who build applications to be hosted in Microsoft Azure, whether they use PaaS or IaaS. No previous knowledge of Azure Cosmos DB is assumed, but readers must be familiar with developing applications in Microsoft Visual Studio.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherApress
    Release dateJan 17, 2018
    ISBN9781484233511
    Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealed: A Multi-Model Database Designed for the Cloud

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      Book preview

      Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealed - José Rolando Guay Paz

      © José Rolando Guay Paz 2018

      José Rolando Guay PazMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB Revealedhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3351-1_1

      1. Introduction to Azure Cosmos DB

      José Rolando Guay Paz¹ 

      (1)

      Beach Park, Illinois, USA

      The database space has been greatly dominated by relational database management systems (or RDBMSs) such as Microsoft® SQL Server or Oracle. This dominance was made possible in part by the wide range of solutions that can be built on top of those systems but also because of the powerful products that are available. There is, however, a different approach to data management, commonly known as NoSQL. The term NoSQL stands for non SQL or not only SQL since SQL (Structured Query Language) is almost exclusively tied to relational systems. NoSQL databases have existed since the 1960s but it wasn’t until the early 2000s that they gained a lot of popularity with companies like Facebook and Amazon implementing them and products such as MongoDB, Cassandra, and Redis becoming the choices for many developers.

      In this chapter, I will introduce Azure Cosmos DB, Microsoft’s NoSQL database, which is available in Microsoft Azure as a globally distributed, multi-node database service. We will examine what it is and its main features, but most importantly, at the end of the chapter, you will have a complete development environment that you can use for your applications.

      What Is Azure Cosmos DB?

      Azure Cosmos DB started in 2010 as an internal Microsoft project known as Project Florence. The objective of the project was to address some of the problems that the Microsoft developers were facing with large Internet-scale applications . In 2015, the project was made available to external developers in Microsoft Azure and a new product was born under the name of DocumentDB. Finally, at the Microsoft Build 2017 conference, Azure Cosmos DB was officially launched with existing DocumentDB capabilities such as global distribution and horizontal scale with low latency and high throughput.

      What’s new in Azure Cosmos DB is that it natively supports multiple data models: key-value, documents, graph, columnar, and more that are currently being developed. This gives you the freedom to work with your data in the form that best describes it. It also supports multiple APIs for accessing data including DocumentDB SQL, MongoDB, Apache Cassandra, Graph, and Table.

      Major Features

      The following are some of the most important features of Azure Cosmos DB. There are many features in the product, but what follows are the ones that drove the implementation. They are what the product developers most had in mind. Most of these features were present since DocumentDB; however, with the evolution of the product, new features were introduced, making Azure Cosmos DB what is now. Many more features are under development.

      Turnkey Global Distribution

      Global distribution means that your databases can be distributed across different regions of Microsoft Azure and can be stored and accessible closer to your clients. This powerful functionality has a high degree of automation and performance. There is no need to handle complex configurations, replication downtime, high latency, or security concerns. Using the Microsoft Azure portal, all you need to do is select the regions where the database will be distributed and the portal will do the rest.

      Multiple Data Models and APIs

      With Azure Cosmos DB, you can select the data model that best represents your data. There is no need to think in terms of a rigid structure for the data. If, for example, you want to store user settings, you can use the key-value data model; if you want to work with orders, products, and payments, you can use a document data model. If your data is best described as relations between entities, then use a graph data model.

      The DocumentDB API provides familiar SQL query capabilities. If you have an application built on MongoDB, you can use the MongoDB API transparently; in many cases there is no need to rewrite the application, only change the connection string. For key-value databases, you can use the Table API, which provides the same functionality as Azure Table storage but with the benefits of the Azure Cosmos DB engine. With the Graph API , you can use the Apache TinkerPop graph traversal language, Gremlin, or any other TinkerPop-compatible graph system like Apache Spark GraphX.

      Elastically Scale Throughput and Storage on Demand

      Throughput in Azure Cosmos DB can be configured in requests per second based on the requirements of your application. You can also change this configuration at any time.

      You can use all the storage you need. There are no caps as to how much data you can store. Also, scaling databases is transparent and happens automatically based on the configuration you set for your account.

      High Availability and Response Time

      Azure Cosmos DB has a standing SLA of 99.99% availability and a latency in the 99th percentile regardless of the region. It also provides a guaranteed throughput and consistency.

      Five Consistency Models

      Azure Cosmos DB provides five different consistency models , from strong SQL-like consistency to NoSQL-like eventual consistency. It all depends on what your business or application needs.

      Setting Up the Development Environment

      To develop applications with Azure Cosmos DB, I recommend using Microsoft Visual Studio 2017. The main reason for this recommendation is that it is very easy to build, test, and deploy applications for Microsoft Azure. Another reason is that Visual Studio has a free edition called Visual Studio Community Edition that has all the capabilities we need to develop applications with Azure Cosmos DB.

      Installing Microsoft Visual Studio

      If you already have Visual Studio 2017 installed, you can skip this section.

      To obtain Visual Studio, all you need to do is the following:

      1.

      Open your browser and go to www.visualstudio.com/. The page is shown in Figure 1-1.

      2.

      From the Download Visual Studio drop-down, select Community 2017. If you have a license for a different edition, you can download it by selecting it from the options.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig1_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-1

      Download Microsoft Visual Studio 2017

      3.

      After selecting an edition to download, you will be redirected to a new page where your download will start.

      4.

      Save the installer file in a folder by clicking the Save button, as shown in Figure 1-2.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig2_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-2

      Save the installer file to a folder

      5.

      After the download has completed, run the installer file by clicking the Run button shown in Figure 1-3.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig3_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-3

      Run the installer file

      6.

      You may be prompted to authorize the file to run. Select Yes in the prompt window.

      7.

      The first window in the installation program (shown in Figure 1-4) will show you links to read the Microsoft Privacy Statement as well as the license terms. Accept the license terms by clicking the Continue button.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig4_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-4

      Visual Studio license terms and privacy statement window

      8.

      Once you click the button, the installation program will download the most current list of options to install, as seen in Figure 1-5.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig5_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-5

      Downloading installation options

      9.

      After the options are downloaded, they will be displayed so you can select the necessary components for the types of applications you will develop. Figure 1-6 shows these components. In this case, you will select ASP.NET and web development and Azure development.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig6_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-6

      Selecting Visual Studio components to install

      10.

      Leave the default location to copy the files and click the Install button.

      11.

      The program will start downloading the necessary files from Microsoft and install Visual Studio, as shown in Figure 1-7.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig7_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-7

      Downloading and installing Visual Studio Community 2017

      12.

      Once the installation has completed, you will need to restart your PC. Figure 1-8 shows the window requiring you to restart your PC. You can choose to do so later but it is not recommended to try to launch Visual Studio before restarting the PC .

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig8_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-8

      Restart your PC after installation has completed

      13.

      Figure 1-9 shows Visual Studio’s welcome window. After you restart, you can launch Visual Studio. It will ask you to sign in with a Microsoft account such as an Outlook.com or Office 365 account.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig9_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-9

      Sign in with a Microsoft account

      14.

      Next, you will be asked to configure some settings for Visual Studio, as shown in Figure 1-10. For the development settings, select Web Development. For the color theme, choose the color you like the most.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig10_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-10

      Visual Studio’s welcome window and environment settings

      15.

      That’s it. You now have Visual Studio installed and running.

      Installing the Azure Cosmos DB Emulator

      With Azure Cosmos DB Emulator, you can develop your application locally on your own computer without creating an Azure subscription or incurring any costs. Once the application is ready for deployment, all you need to do is to switch to an Azure Cosmos DB subscription.

      The emulator has some requirements before it can be installed:

      It will only run on Windows 10, Windows Server 2012 R2, or Windows Server 2016.

      It needs 2GB of RAM and at least 10GB of free disk space for storage.

      To install the emulator, use the following instructions:

      Using your browser, download the emulator installer from https://aka.ms/cosmosdb-emulator.

      Save the installer file in a folder, as shown in Figure 1-11.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig11_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-11

      Download and save the installer file

      After the download is complete, run the installer file as shown in Figure 1-12.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig12_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-12

      Run the installer file

      Figure 1-13 shows the first window in the installation program. Check the box to accept the license agreement and click the Install button.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig13_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-13

      Accept the license agreement and click the Install button

      You may be prompted to authorize the file to run. Select Yes in the prompt window.

      The installation will happen very quickly and then the final window will give you the option to launch the emulator. Check the box to launch the emulator and then click the Finish button, as shown in Figure 1-14.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig14_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-14

      Installation of the Azure Cosmos DB Emulator is complete

      After you click the Finish button, the emulator starts and launches the web interface (shown in Figure 1-15). This will indicate that the installation was successful.

      ../images/455488_1_En_1_Chapter/455488_1_En_1_Fig15_HTML.jpg

      Figure 1-15

      Azure Cosmos DB Emulator web interface

      With these tools, you have now set up a development environment to create applications that use Azure Cosmos DB.

      Creating a Microsoft Azure Account and Subscription

      Microsoft has made the process of creating an Azure account very easy. The account will give you access to Azure, but in order to use the products you must also create a subscription. The subscription you will create now is based

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