Public–Private Partnership Monitor—Kazakhstan
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Public–Private Partnership Monitor—Kazakhstan - Asian Development Bank
PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MONITOR
KAZAKHSTAN
DECEMBER 2022
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)
© 2022 Asian Development Bank
6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444
www.adb.org
Some rights reserved. Published in 2022.
ISBN 978-92-9269-978-9 (print); 978-92-9269-979-6 (electronic); 978-92-9269-980-2 (ebook)
Publication Stock No. SGP220595-2
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/SGP220595-2
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On the cover: Vehicles crossing the Ishim River in Astana, elementary students from the Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Astana, Kazakh Eli Complex in Astana, windmills along the Almaty-Bishkek road, and a young girl playing near Almaty bridge (photos by Ariel Javellana and Andrey Tekekhov).
Cover design by Claudette Rodrigo.
Contents
Tables, Figures, and Box
Foreword
Continuing our reports examining public–private partnership (PPP) environments in selected countries across Asia and the Pacific, we are pleased to present this Public–Private Partnership Monitor—Kazakhstan.
Availability of adequate infrastructure is a measure of a country’s ability to sustain its economic growth. For economies across Asia and the Pacific, provision of basic infrastructure services, including water, sanitation, solid waste management, housing, health, energy, transportation, and communications, is an important public sector activity. As demand for infrastructure has increased faster than government budgets, the public sector has increasingly considered partnership with the private sector as an alternate modality for financing infrastructure.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that Asia and the Pacific must spend $1.7 trillion a year on infrastructure until 2030 to maintain growth, meet social needs, and respond to the effects of climate change. That amount is expected to go up. The traditional sources of finance for infrastructure—the government’s budgetary allocations—have not been enough to meet the demand. Prior to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, ADB estimated an annual infrastructure gap of $204 billion to be filled through private sector investment. That amount is also now expected to increase.
For the private sector, investment in infrastructure, whether through PPPs or otherwise, represents an investment avenue competing with various other investment options available. To compete and attract private capital into infrastructure, governments must provide conducive environments that establish and protect private investors’ rights, with sufficient support to ensure every asset invested yields returns commensurate with risks.
The PPP Monitor provides the investor community with business intelligence on the enabling environment, policies, priority sectors, and deals to facilitate informed investment decisions. For ADB’s developing member countries (DMCs), the PPP Monitor serves as a diagnostic tool to identify gaps in their legal, regulatory, and institutional frameworks. ADB and other international development agencies can also benefit from the PPP Monitor as it could be useful in initiating dialogues to assess a country’s readiness to tap PPPs as a means to develop and sustain its infrastructure.
Building on the success of the previous editions of the PPP Monitor, the new PPP Monitor is now being brought online to widen its reach. More countries will be continually added in the PPP Monitor, and it is expected to become a primary knowledge base for assessing a country’s PPP environment for the government and the business community. The PPP Monitor features an interactive online version which allows users to compare and contrast the key PPP parameters and features across the DMCs. The online version of the PPP Monitor may be accessed at http://www.pppmonitor.adb.org.
The PPP Monitor has been upgraded to provide a one-stop
source of information, derived from a consolidation of (i) the previous PPP Monitor, (ii) leading PPP databases of multilateral development banks such as the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, and organizations including the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Global Infrastructure Hub, (iii) reports from a national PPP unit, (iv) a country’s legal framework, and (v) consultations with leading technical experts, legal firms, and financial institutions.
The PPP Monitor includes more than 500 qualitative and quantitative indicators to profile the national PPP environment, the sector-specific PPP landscape (for eight identified infrastructure sectors), and the PPP landscape for local government projects. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed social infrastructure to the forefront of policy and planning; so wherever possible, this PPP Monitor takes a closer focus on social and municipal aspects such as healthcare, education, and affordable housing.
The PPP markets in most of ADB’s DMCs are still at an emerging or developing stage, so continuous regulatory reforms and institutional reinforcements are required to facilitate private sector investment in infrastructure, and create sustainable bankable projects. Through the PPP Monitor, ADB continues to provide support for DMCs in addressing various infrastructure and PPP-related challenges, in developing sustainable infrastructure projects, and in delivering efficient and effective public services through PPPs. ADB also helps DMCs improve their investment climates, formulate sound market regulations, and build robust legal and institutional frameworks to encourage private sector participation in infrastructure through PPPs.
We hope that this PPP Monitor will pave the way for continued dialogue between the public and private sectors and stimulate the adoption of PPPs in the Asia and