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    Flowering Plants in the Landscape
    Flowering Plants in the Landscape
    Flowering Plants in the Landscape
    Ebook423 pages3 hours

    Flowering Plants in the Landscape

    By Mildred E. Mathias

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    About this ebook

    This book describes some of the world’s most spectacular flowering trees, shrubs, vines, and ground covers and gives instructions for growing them.


    This book describes some of the world’s most spectacular flowering trees, shrubs, vines, and ground covers and gives instructions for growing them.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherUniversity of California Press
    Release dateMar 29, 2024
    ISBN9780520317482
    Flowering Plants in the Landscape

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      Book preview

      Flowering Plants in the Landscape - Mildred E. Mathias

      FLOWERING PLANTS

      IN THE LANDSCAPE

      FLOWERING PLANTS

      IN THE LANDSCAPE

      Mildred E. Mathias, Editor

      Foreword by Sir George Taylor

      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

      Berkeley Los Angeles London

      University of California Press

      Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

      University of California Press, Ltd.

      London, England

      Copyright © 1982 by The Regents of the University of California

      Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title:

      Flowering plants in the landscape.

      Bibliography: p. 237

      Includes index.

      1. Flowering woody plants—Tropics—Pictorial works. 2. Ground cover plants—Tropics—Pictorial works. 3. Tropical plants—Pictorial works.

      4. Flowers—Tropics—Pictorial works. 5. Plants, Ornamental—California—Pictorial works. 6. Color in gardening. 7. Landscape gardening—Tropics.

      8. Wild flower gardening—California. I. Mathias, Mildred Esther, 1906.

      SB435.6.T76F58 635.9’6 81-16310

      ISBN 0-520-04350-2 AACR2

      Printed in the United States of America 123456789

      CONTENTS

      CONTENTS

      FOREWORD

      PREFACE

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

      BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

      EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION FLOWERING PLANTS IN THE LANDSCAPE

      I FLOWERING TREES

      II FLOWERING SHRUBS

      III FLOWERING VINES FOR YEAR-ROUND COLOR

      IV FLOWERING PLANTS FOR COLOR ON THE GROUND

      V GROWING CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANTS

      APPENDIXES

      APPENDIX I ADDITIONAL FLOWERING TREES OF MERIT

      APPENDIX II ADDITIONAL FLOWERING SHRUBS OF MERIT

      APPENDIX III ADDITIONAL VINING PLANTS OF MERIT

      APPENDIX IV ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS USEFUL FOR GROUND COVERS

      APPENDIX V ADDITIONAL PLANTS FOR COLOR ON THE GROUND

      APPENDIX VI ADDITIONAL COLORFUL CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANTS OF MERIT

      APPENDIX VII SOURCES OF PLANTS

      SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

      INDEX

      FOREWORD

      It is a valued privilege to introduce a new enlarged edition of this highly esteemed work. The original version was widely acclaimed by landscape architects, ordinary gardeners and, indeed, by all who appreciate splendid illustrations to accompany informed text. The earlier volume has greatly fostered an intelligent interest in deciding the best choice of plants for color from ground cover to sizable trees for gardens in tropical and subtropical regions. Those who endure the seasonal variation and often privation of temperate zones envy the almost bewildering range of superb species that provide radiance throughout the year in gardens in these more favored areas.

      The selection of elite plants is widely culled from the warmer parts of the world, and the striking richness of the California native flora is well represented. But the appeal of this volume will not be confined to growers in California. It is emphatically such a useful guide to the colorful ornamental plants seen in gardens and in the wild and in the tropics and subtropics that it should become a handbook for travelers. Apart from the simple descriptions identification is greatly assisted by the beautiful plates. This book is a treasure in its genre and cannot fall to bring aesthetic and intellectual enjoyment to its user.

      Sir George Taylor Former Director

      Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

      PREFACE

      This book is a complete revision enlarged to include additional species and many of the more common and showy tropical plants. Many new color photographs have also been added. In 1964 Los Angeles Beautiful, California Arboretum Foundation, and the Southern California Horticultural Institute published a booklet on flowering trees. This was followed by booklets on flowering shrubs, vines, and ground covers. In 1967 Los Angeles Beautiful produced a booklet on Erythrina, the official tree of the city of Los Angeles. The Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers and Native Plants joined the other sponsors in 1971 to publish a booklet on Colorful California Native Plants. These six booklets were revised and expanded and in 1973 the sponsors produced Color for the Landscape: Flowering Plants for Subtropical Climates. In 1976 two new sponsors, Descanso Gardens Guild and South Coast Botanic Garden Foundation, joined in the publication of a second updated printing. The efforts of these several sponsors and of their representatives on the Flowering Tree Committee of Los Angeles Beautiful have led to the present expanded volume.

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      Many individuals have contributed through the years to the publications culminating in the present volume. These include the members of the Flowering Tree Committee of Los Angeles Beautiful who have continually pro* moted the use of flowering plants in the landscape and the chairman, Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr., author of the original text on flowering shrubs. Their support has been invaluable. Others who have contributed include:

      Dr. Robert E. Atkinson, author, botanical consultant

      Virginia M. Baldwin, Los Angeles Beautiful

      Fred Boutin, botanist

      Betty Thomas Carriel

      Philip E. Chandler, Chandler & Lang, Landscape Planning, Inc., author of the original texts on flowering trees and vines

      Francis Ching, director, Los Angeles County Department of Arboreta and Botanic Gardens

      Mrs. Ralph D. Cornell

      Henry Davis, publisher of Flowering Booklet series

      Merritt S. Dunlap, former president, Theodore Payne Foundation, Inc. Dr. Leonid Enari, taxonomist, Los Angeles State and County Arboretum Morgan Evans, A.I.L.A.

      Walter C. Hughes, Jr.

      Myron Kimnach, curator, Huntington Botanical Gardens, San Marino Dr. Lee W. Lenz, director, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont Elisabeth Marshall

      Dr. Elizabeth McClintock

      Dr. Katherine K. Muller, director emeritus, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden

      James C. Perry, Perry’s Plants, Inc.

      Edward L. Peterson, Theodore Payne Foundation, Inc., author of original text on California native plants

      George H. Spalding

      Dr. William S. Stewart

      Dr. Vernon T. Stoutemyer, chairman emeritus, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, author of the original text on ground covers

      David S. Verity, senior museum scientist, University of California, Los Angeles

      Donald P. Woolley, former superintendent, South Coast Botanic Garden

      Photographs by Ralph D. Cornell, FASLA except for the following:

      William Aplin, pp. 10 inset, 22, 31, 33, 34, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 107, 130, 131, 147, 158, 165, 166, 167, 168;

      Dr. Robert E. Atkinson, pp. 68, 114, 126, 136;

      Dr. Samuel Ayres, Jr., pp. 21, 27, 93;

      Kenneth Budlong, p. 182;

      A. W. and M. V. Hood, pp. 194 upper right, 195, 204, 208;

      Mildred E. Mathias, pp. 130, 200, 201, 206;

      Nuccio’s Nursery, p. 64;

      Virginia J. Robertson, p. 66;

      David S. Verity, pp. 129, 161, 163, 198, 203, 205, 206;

      Sue Verity, p. 172;

      Don Walker, p. 164;

      Laurel Woodley, pp. 191, 194 upper left and bottom, 204.

      Ralph Dalton Cornell, F.A.S.L.A., 1890-1972

      To the memory of Ralph Dalton Cornell, dean of landscape architects, inspired plantsman and photographer—whose creative talent, intellect and good taste brought beauty and dignity to everything he touched—this book is dedicated with gratitude.

      BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

      Ralph Dalton Cornell was born In Holdrege, Nebraska, on January 11, 1890. His father was considered a successful lumberman and also owned several outlying ranches. While the family lived in town, young Ralph— always on horseback—roamed the expanses of the surrounding countryside and early fell in love with the great outdoors.

      He was just sixteen when the Cornells visited the resort town of Long Beach in California. They were entranced with the beauties of the land and, as many others before them, decided to make the big move and settled in Long Beach in 1908.

      One of the primary attractions for lumberman Cornell was the promised wealth of the flourishing eucalyptus industry that had captured the imaginations of many Californians at the time. Unfortunately, the promoters knew far too little about the growing of the Australian native and the processing of its rather capricious wood. Cornell Senior joined the hordes who lost their life savings owing to the sudden collapse of the eucalyptus boom.

      But the break with Nebraska had been made and Ralph and his two sisters entered Long Beach High School. Instead of matriculating at the University of Nebraska as he had hoped, Ralph eventually entered Pomona College in Claremont in 1909. It was necessary for him to work his way through college. He waited on table at the old Claremont Inn. In 1910 he acquired 1,000 avocado seeds, propagated them successfully and sold the exotic plants at a good profit. He surveyed the agricultural development of the Coachella and Imperial valleys for an irrigation association headed by George Wharton James in July of 1911. He spent another hot summer vacation helping the Popenoe brothers plant 13,000 date offshoots they had imported from Arabia to begin their nursery a few miles south of Thermal.

      These two latter experiences, while horrendous because of the extreme summmer heat, served to introduce him to the mysterious and wondrous plant life of the desert, which he never forgot and which never ceased to allure him.

      Cornell’s prime interests were botany and horticulture but his mentor while at Pomona College, Professor Charles Fuller Baker, urged him to consider the fairly new profession of landscape architecture. It was Professor Baker who was responsible for the publication of the Pomona College Journal of Economic Botany and it was in this journal that Cornell’s first published article entitled Plans and Plants for Small Places appeared in 1911. The inclusion of Plans surely indicated that he was strongly considering Professor Baker’s recommendation.

      After his graduation from Pomona College, summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, Cornell entered the School of Design at Harvard University. His three years in this eminent institution provided some of his happiest memories.

      The position he accepted in Canada upon his graduation from Harvard was terminated when he volunteered for overseas army duty In World War I. He detested violence all the days of his life but he loved his country and he was imbued with a great sense of patriotism.

      He returned to Los Angeles in 1919 where he opened an office and his first commission was that of supervising landscape architect for Pomona College. This led to a request from the University of Hawaii for a master plan for their campus. And, eventually, Robert Gordon Sproul, president of the University of California, invited Cornell to supervise the landscape of the new Westwood campus. This association confined for almost forty years, terminating with Cornell’s death.

      His partnership with Wilbur D. Cook, the well-known landscape architect who designed the master plan for the city of Beverly Hills in 1906, was responsible for Cornell’s long affiliation and extensive contributions to the beauty of that community.

      These commissions were the beginnings of an illustrious career. Cornell’s outstanding design ability, his distinctive taste and style, his special vision and sensitivity to the particular needs of each undertaking soon won for him an enviable reputation.

      The scope of his work was astonishing. He did public parks and colleges; he did cemeteries and subdivisions; he did civic centers and malls. He did master plans for Elysian and Griffith parks in Los Angeles and for the Torrey Pines Preserve in La Jolla. He did Hilton Hotels in Egypt and Iraq. He planned the town of Valencia in southern California. He did Fremont Place in Los Angeles in 1912 and almost fifty years later the prestigious Music Center of Los Angeles County.

      His legacy was an infinite variety of spectacular and beautiful designs.

      Cornell was fortunate that his chosen profession allowed him to Indulge in his favorite avocations of botany and photography. His lifelong love of plants and his expertise in horticulture were great assets and Impelled him to use both exotics and natives in his landscape design. This has left us the richer for his choice of plantings are botanical gardens of rare treasures.

      The sky, the sun, the moon, the stars, the earth itself, and always the plants that grow in the earth—these provided zest and meaning for his entire life.

      Ralph Cornell was a humble, unassuming man who gave of himself and his special talents with unstinting generosity for the continued pleasure and gratification of all.

      Vera B. Cornell

      BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

      Largely owing to the efforts of one man, California wild flowers are found in gardens all over the world. This man was Theodore Payne in whose honor a California native plant foundation was established in 1960. The Theodore Payne Foundation operates a nursery, art gallery, and library on twenty-two acres at 10459 Tuxford Street, Sun Valley, California.

      When Theodore Payne was a young lad hunting wild flowers in the hills around Northampshire, England, an event occurred at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew which was to shape his entire life. An exhibit of plants collected by Archibald Menzies in far-off California drew large crowds and captured the hearts of avid English gardeners. When he was twenty-one Payne headed for California where he found the people largely unaware of the bountiful floral array nature had bestowed. He immediately set about collecting seeds and heralding the native flora.

      Theodore Payne brought some 430 native species into cultivation and through his efforts seed was sent throughout the world. Many native plantings, including Exposition Park in Los Angeles, were done by Payne. He was much interested in Ralph Cornell’s development of Torrey Pines Park and the campus of Pomona College. Payne selected the original site of Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and inspired the establishment of the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden. Many honors came to Theodore Payne before his death in 1963. The world has benefited from his contributions to gardens.

      Theodore Payne

      EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION

      FLOWERING PLANTS IN THE LANDSCAPE

      This is a book for the adventurous gardener in tropical or subtropical regions and a guide for the flower lover traveling in the tropics and sub* tropics. Gardening in these regions is a continuing challenge with a wealth of plant materials available for cultivation. Some of the most beautiful flowering plants from the far corners of the world provide a floral display possible only under glass in cooler climates.

      The purpose of this book is to present some of the more outstanding colorful plants from around the world, such as Jacaranda from South America; many species of Erythrina or coral trees; Acacia and flowering Eucalyptus from Australia; Protea and Leucospermum from South Africa; and native California plants such as Ceanothus, Fremontodendron, and Romneya. It is an exciting list of possibilities for enhancing the landscape with the beauty found only in the natural color of flowers.

      The book is illustrated with color photographs for the most part by the late Ralph D. Cornell. Each plant illustrated is identified by botanical name, common name, plant family, and area of origin. The minimum temperature that will result in plant damage is given as well as the usual season of bloom or, in the case of plants with colorful fruit, the season of maximum color. The descriptions include size and shape, whether evergreen or deciduous, flower color, microclimate to which best adapted, and special cultural requirements. Where plants are tender or marginal for the subtropics, or so difficult that they are recommended only for the adventurous or advanced gardener, that is indicated also.

      Not every plant will grow well and bloom in every garden. Variations in soilsand microclimates must be considered in choosing a specific plant for a site. Some plants will flower only in areas with continued heat while others require the moderate cooler coastal or higher elevation climates. Some are best planted against a wall to provide reflected heat. Some need winter chilling to produce flower buds; others need to be kept dry for a dormant period. Most plants do best with good drainage. If your garden has special problems it is best to consult a

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