PostgreSQL 16 Cookbook, Second Edition: Solve challenges across scalability, performance optimization, essential commands, cloud provisioning, backup, and recovery
By Peter G
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About this ebook
Offering a detailed practical look at PostgreSQL 16's new features, "PostgreSQL 16 Cookbook, Second Edition" equips database administrators and developers to take advantage of the most recent developments. This edition provides in-depth coverage of enhanced logical replication, which now includes the ability to replicate from standby s
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PostgreSQL 16 Cookbook, Second Edition - Peter G
PostgreSQL 16 Cookbook
Second Edition
Solve challenges across scalability, performance optimization, essential commands, cloud provisioning, backup, and recovery
Peter G
Preface
Offering a detailed practical look at PostgreSQL 16's new features, PostgreSQL 16 Cookbook, Second Edition
equips database administrators and developers to take advantage of the most recent developments. Building on the foundation of version 15, this second edition with version 16 walks you through the enhancements that make PostgreSQL a game changer in the database world.
This edition provides in-depth coverage of enhanced logical replication, which now includes the ability to replicate from standby servers. We provide detailed instructions for setting up these advanced replication configurations, allowing you to better distribute workloads and improve data availability. The optimization of concurrent bulk loading capabilities for faster data ingestion is another noteworthy addition. Another standout feature of PostgreSQL 16 is the expanded SQL/JSON syntax, which gives developers more control over JSON data management. Our book contains practical solutions and examples for using the new JSON functions and operators, which make it easier to store, query, and manipulate JSON data in your applications. We walk you through the process of configuring refined user roles and permissions, ensuring effective access control in complex environments. Additionally, the book teaches new monitoring capabilities introduced with the pg_stat_io view, which provide insights into I/O operations to help optimize performance.
The book goes on to implement performance enhancements such as SIMD acceleration for processing ASCII and JSON strings, as well as the new load balancing feature, load_balance_hosts, which distributes traffic efficiently among multiple servers. The goal of this book is to provide you with the knowledge you need to successfully manage, optimize, and troubleshoot database environments by providing a deep-dive understanding of how to implement and benefit from PostgreSQL 16's latest features.
In this book you will learn how to:
Boost data availability and workload distribution using advanced logical replication techniques.
Apply the SIMD acceleration to expedite the processing of ASCII and JSON strings.
Make use of improved SQL/JSON syntax to manage complicated JSON data operations.
Enhance efficiency and decrease query times by optimizing query performance with parallel execution.
Utilize pg_stat_io for troubleshooting and monitoring I/O operations.
Utilize Rust libraries like pgx and rust-postgres for easy integration with PostgreSQL.
Distribute workload among numerous PostgreSQL instances by configuring load_balance_hosts.
Simplify user role configurations and security with refined privilege management.
Utilize pgBackRest and Barman to implement strong backup strategies.
Optimize database performance using concurrent bulk loading.
Prologue
It is with great pleasure that I, as the author of PostgreSQL 16 Cookbook, Second Edition,
join you on such a journey of addressing PostgreSQL flaws. PostgreSQL has long been regarded as a pillar of the open-source database community, known for its robustness, scalability, and extensibility. My goals in revising this book for a second time are to make it more up-to-date with the features and improvements in PostgreSQL 16 and to fix any mistakes or missing information from the original so that it is useful for database administration novices and experts alike.
With great effort, I have integrated the new features and enhancements brought in by PostgreSQL 16, such as improved logical replication, which permits replication from standby servers. I explore these new possibilities for data availability and workload distribution in detail, giving you examples and solutions to help you implement them in your own environments. One of the most notable features of PostgreSQL 16 is the addition of SIMD acceleration, which significantly improves the performance of string processing tasks. I've dedicated an entire chapter to SIMD acceleration, demonstrating how to use this feature to optimize database operations, especially when dealing with large amounts of JSON and ASCII data. Through practical examples, I demonstrate the performance gains possible with SIMD, allowing you to maximize the potential of your hardware. I've expanded the security and access control sections to include enhancements, as well as tips for configuring user roles and privileges to effectively protect your data. This edition also covers advanced authentication methods like LDAP and SSL, giving you the knowledge you need to protect your databases from modern threats.
Along with these updates, I've fixed the problems with the previous edition by breaking down tricky concepts and giving more thorough explanations where they were lacking. For example, the backup and recovery sections have been thoroughly revised to include new tools such as pgBackRest and Barman, which provide powerful solutions for point-in-time recovery and continuous archiving. I've included practical examples to help you set up reliable backup strategies, ensuring that you're prepared for any situation. I've also worked on integrating PostgreSQL with modern programming languages, particularly Rust. Rust's growing popularity in the systems programming community makes it an excellent choice for developing high-performance database applications. I've included examples from popular Rust libraries such as pgx and rust-postgres that show how you can use Rust's safety and concurrency features to create efficient and dependable database applications.
My goal throughout this book is to give you a clear and practical understanding of PostgreSQL 16, allowing you to face the challenges of database management with confidence. Whether you're upgrading from PostgreSQL 15 or starting from scratch with version 16, this cookbook provides a wealth of information and insights to help you succeed. I've worked hard to make this second edition an indispensable resource for anyone working with PostgreSQL by filling in the gaps and inaccuracies of the previous edition and incorporating the most recent developments. Thank you for joining me on this journey, and I hope you find this edition useful and inspiring.
Copyright © 2024 by GitforGits
All rights reserved. This book is protected under copyright laws and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or transmission of this work may result in civil and criminal penalties and will be dealt with in the respective jurisdiction at anywhere in India, in accordance with the applicable copyright laws.
Published by: GitforGits
Publisher: Sonal Dhandre
www.gitforgits.com
Printed in India
First Printing: August 2024
Cover Design by: Kitten Publishing
For permission to use material from this book, please contact GitforGits at [email protected].
Content
Preface
GitforGits
Acknowledgement
Chapter 1: Preparing PostgreSQL 16
Introduction
Recipe #1: Simplify PostgreSQL Architecture
Core Components
Auxiliary Processes
Data Storage Objects
Query Execution Process
Practical Tips
Recipe #2: Installing PostgreSQL 16.1 from Binaries
Step-by-step Installation
Post-Installation Configuration
Verification and Testing
Recipe #3: Installing PostgreSQL 16.1 from Source Code
Step-by-step Installation
Compile PostgreSQL
Post-Installation Configuration
Verification and Testing
Recipe #4: Parsing Database Startup Logs
Parsing PostgreSQL Logs
Sample Program: Troubleshooting a Startup Error
Recipe #5: Discovering PostgreSQL Database Structural Objects
Key Structural Objects
Tables
Indexes
Sequences
Views
Stored Procedures
Discovering Structural Objects
Sample Program: Analyzing Database Structure
List All Tables
Describe a Specific Table
Identify Indexes
Analyze Views
Explore Stored Procedures
Recipe #6: Understanding Use of Key Configuration Parameters
Key Configuration Parameters
shared_buffers
work_mem
maintenance_work_mem
effective_cache_size
max_connections
checkpoint_timeout
autovacuum
wal_buffers
Summary
Chapter 2: Performing Basic PostgreSQL Operations
Introduction
Recipe #1: Exploring AdventureWorks Database
Production Schema
Sales Schema
Purchasing Schema
HumanResources Schema
Person Schema
dbo Schema
Recipe #2: Selecting Right Database Schema
Understanding PostgreSQL Schema Types
Public Schema
Private Schema
Creating Schemas
Moving Objects Between Schemas
Benefits of using Schemas
Recipe #3: Selecting Indexing Techniques
Indexing Techniques in PostgreSQL
B-tree Indexing
Hash Indexing
GiST Indexing (Generalized Search Tree)
SP-GiST Indexing (Space-Partitioned Generalized Search Tree)
GIN Indexing (Generalized Inverted Index)
BRIN Indexing (Block Range INdex)
Optimizing Database
Optimize Sales Orders by Date
Improve Full-Text Search on Product Descriptions
Enhance Query Performance for Customer Lookups
Recipe #4: Preparing Database Log Directory
Setting up the Log Directory
Using ‘logging_collector’
Recipe #5: Using PostgreSQL TOAST
Using TOAST
Viewing TOASTed Data
Recipe #6: Creating and Administering PostgreSQL Temporary Tables
Creating Temporary Tables
Sample Program: Performing Data Analysis
Recipe #7: Using SELECT in WITH Queries
Understanding CTEs
Using Multiple CTEs
Sample Program: Analyzing Sales Performance
Recipe #8: Running Recursive Queries
Understanding Recursive Queries
Recursive Queries for Organizational Charts
Sample Program: Exploring Product Categories
Summary
Chapter 3: PostgreSQL Cloud Provisioning
Introduction
Recipe #1: Create PostgreSQL AWS Instance and Manage Database Connection
Configure RDS Instance
Connect to RDS Instance using pgAdmin
Launch and Connect EC2 Instance
Recipe #2: Native Backup/Restore with AWS EC2 Instance
Backup the Database
Restore the Database from Backup
Recipe #3: Natively Backup/Restore with AWS RDS Instance
Create Manual Snapshot
Restore from Snapshot and Verify Resoration
Recipe #4: Manage Connection to Database on AWS
Modify Security Group Rules
Use PgBouncer
Recipe #5: Perform Replication of Database on AWS
Create a Read Replica
Monitor Replication Performance
Recipe #6: Run PostgreSQL Bi-directional Replication using pglogical
Install pglogical Extension
Configure Replication Nodes
Create Replication Subscriptions
Summary
Chapter 4: Database Migration to Cloud and PostgreSQL
Introduction
Recipe #1: Migrating from On-Premise to AWS EC2/RDS Instance
Create Database Backup
Transfer Backup to AWS Environment
Verify Migration
Recipe #2: Utilizing AWS Data Migration Service (DMS)
Setup AWS Environment
Create Endpoints in AWS DMS Replication Instance
Create Database Migration Task
Recipe