Conditional Statements in Python

Conditional statements in Python are used to execute certain blocks of code based on specific conditions. These statements help control the flow of a program, making it behave differently in different situations.

If Conditional Statement in Python

If statement is the simplest form of a conditional statement. It executes a block of code if the given condition is true.

Example:

age = 20

if age >= 18:
    print("Eligible to vote.")

Eligible to vote.

Short Hand if

Short-hand if statement allows us to write a single-line if statement.

Example:

age = 19
if age > 18: print("Eligible to Vote.")

Eligible to Vote.

This is a compact way to write an if statement. It executes the print statement if the condition is true.

If else Conditional Statements in Python

Else allows us to specify a block of code that will execute if the condition(s) associated with an if or elif statement evaluates to False. Else block provides a way to handle all other cases that don't meet the specified conditions.

Example:

age = 10

if age <= 12:
    print("Travel for free.")
else:
    print("Pay for ticket.")

Travel for free.

Short Hand if-else

The short-hand if-else statement allows us to write a single-line if-else statement.

Example:

marks = 45
res = "Pass" if marks >= 40 else "Fail"

print(f"Result: {res}")

Result: Pass

Note: This method is also known as ternary operator. Ternary Operator essentially a shorthand for the if-else statement that allows us to write more compact and readable code, especially for simple conditions.

elif Statement

elif statement in Python stands for "else if." It allows us to check multiple conditions , providing a way to execute different blocks of code based on which condition is true. Using elif statements makes our code more readable and efficient by eliminating the need for multiple nested if statements.

Example:

age = 25

if age <= 12:
    print("Child.")
elif age <= 19:
    print("Teenager.")
elif age <= 35:
    print("Young adult.")
else:
    print("Adult.")

Young adult.

Here, the first condition x > 15 is False, so the elif condition x > 5 is checked next. Since it is True, the corresponding block is executed.

Nested if..else Conditional Statements in Python

Nested if..else means an if-else statement inside another if statement. We can use nested if statements to check conditions within conditions.

age = 70
is_member = True

if age >= 60:
    if is_member:
        print("30% senior discount!")
    else:
        print("20% senior discount.")
else:
    print("Not eligible for a senior discount.")

30% senior discount!

Ternary Conditional Statement in Python

A ternary conditional statement is a compact way to write an if-else condition in a single line. It’s sometimes called a "conditional expression."

Example:

# Assign a value based on a condition
age = 20
s = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"

print(s)

Adult

Here:

• If age >= 18 is True, status is assigned "Adult".
• Otherwise, status is assigned "Minor".

Match-Case Statement in Python

match-case statement is Python's version of a switch-case found in other languages. It allows us to match a variable's value against a set of patterns.

Example:

number = 2

match number:
    case 1:
        print("One")
    case 2 | 3:
        print("Two or Three")
    case _:
        print("Other number")

Output:

Two or Three

Quiz:

• Python Control Flow Quiz

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• if , if..else, Nested if, if-elif statements
• Nested-if statement
• Python If Else in One Line
• Check multiple conditions in if statement
• Python if AND
• Match Case Statement
• Ternary Operator

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Conditional Statements in Python - FAQs

What are Conditional Statements in Python?

Conditional statements in Python are used to execute a specific block of code based on the truth value of a condition. The most common conditional statements in Python are if, elif and else. These allow the program to react differently depending on whether a condition (or a series of conditions) is true or false.

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
elif x == 5:
    print("x is equal to 5")
else:
    print("x is less than 5")

What is a Conditional Expression in Python?

A conditional expression (also known as a ternary operator) in Python provides a method to simplify conditional statements. It allows for a quick definition of a condition and two possible outcomes (one if the condition is true and one if the condition is false). The syntax is value_if_true if condition else value_if_false.

# Conditional expression example
x = 5
result = "High" if x > 10 else "Low"
print(result)  # Outputs: "Low"

What are Decision-Making Statements in Python?

Decision-making statements in Python help to control the flow of execution based on certain conditions. These include:

• if statement: Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
• if-else statement: Executes one block of code if the condition is true and another block if the condition is false.
• elif (else if) statement: Checks multiple conditions in a sequence and executes a block of code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to true.
• Nested if statements: We can nest if statements within another if or else block to create complex decision trees.

What are Conditional Selection Statements in Python?

Conditional selection statements refer to the use of if, elif and else statements that select specific blocks of code to execute based on conditions. These statements are fundamental for branching in programming, allowing different outcomes depending on the input or state of the program.

What are the Conditional Loops in Python?

While Python supports loops that can incorporate conditions, the term "conditional loops" might specifically refer to loops that run based on a condition. Python provides two primary types of such loops:

• while loop: Continues to execute as long as a given condition is true. It checks the condition before executing the loop body.

# while loop example
x = 5
while x < 10:
    print(x)
    x += 1

• for loop: Iterates over a sequence (like a list, tuple or string) and executes the loop body for each item in the sequence. Although not traditionally a "conditional" loop, it can incorporate conditions using break and continue to control the loop execution dynamically.

# for loop example with condition
for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break  # Exit the loop when i is 5
    print(i)

These explanations outline how Python uses conditional statements and expressions to manage the flow of execution and make decisions within programs, crucial for creating dynamic and responsive applications

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