Java Do While Loop

Java do-while loop is an Exit control loop. Unlike for or while loop, a do-while check for the condition after executing the statements of the loop body.

Example:

// Java program to show the use of do while loop
public class GFG {
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
        int c = 1;

      // Using do-while loop
        do {
            System.out.println("GeeksforGeeks: " + c);
            c++;
        } while (c <= 5);
    }
}

GeeksforGeeks: 1
GeeksforGeeks: 2
GeeksforGeeks: 3
GeeksforGeeks: 4
GeeksforGeeks: 5

Practical Application of Do While Loop

Suppose you are implementing a game where you show some options to the user, press 1 to do this .., press 2 to do this .. etc and press ‘Q’ to quit the game. So here you want to show the game menu to the user at least once, so you write the code for the game menu inside the do-while loop.

Syntax: 

do
{
    // Loop Body
    Update_expression
}

// Condition check
while (test_expression);

Note: The test_expression for the do-while loop must return a boolean value , else we would get compile-time error.

Example:

// Java Program to Illustrate One Time 
// Iteration Inside do-while Loop
// When Condition is Not Satisfied
class GFG {

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // initial counter variable
        int c = 0;

        do {

            // Body of loop that will execute minimum
            // 1 time for sure no matter what
            System.out.println("Print Statement");
            c++;
        }

        // Checking condition
        // Note: It is being checked after
        // minimum 1 iteration
        while (c < 0);
    }
}

Print Statement

Explanation: In the above code, we figured out that the condition is checked later as the body inside do will get executed one time without fail as the condition is checked later onwards.

Hence whenever we want to display the menu and later on proceed command on the terminal, we always use do-while loop.

Components of do-while Loop  

A. Test Expression: In this expression, we have to test the condition. If the condition evaluates to true then we will execute the body of the loop and go to update expression. Otherwise, we will exit from the while loop. For example: 

i <= 10

B. Update Expression: After executing the loop body, this expression increments/decrements the loop variable by some value. For example:  

i++;

Execution of do-While loop 

1. Control falls into the do-while loop.
2. The statements inside the body of the loop get executed.
3. Updation takes place.
4. The flow jumps to Condition
5. Condition is tested. 
   
   1. If Condition yields true, go to Step 6.
   2. If Condition yields false, the flow goes outside the loop
6. The flow goes back to Step 2.

Flowchart do-while loop:

Example 1: This program will try to print “Hello World” 5 times.  

// Java Program to Illustrate Do-while Loop
class GFG {

    public static void main(String args[])
    {

        // Declaring and initialization expression
        int c = 1;

        // Do-while loop
        do {

            // Body of do-while loop
            // Print statement
            System.out.println("Hello World");

            // Update expression
            c++;
        }

        // Test expression
        while (c < 6);
    }
}

Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World

Explanation: The program will execute in the following manner as follows:

1. Program starts.
2. c is initialized with value 1.
3. Execution enters the loop
   • “Hello World” gets printed 1st time.
   • Updation is done. Now c = 2.
4. Condition is checked. 2 < 6 yields true.
5. Execution enters the loop.
   • “Hello World” gets printed 2nd time.
   • Updation is done. Now c = 3.
6. Condition is checked. 3 < 6 yields true.
7. Execution enters the loop
   • “Hello World” gets printed 3rd time
   • Updation is done. Now c = 4.
8. Condition is checked. 4 < 6 yields true.
9. Execution enters the loop
   • “Hello World” gets printed 4th time
   • Updation is done. Now c = 5.
10. Condition is checked. 5 < 6 yields true.
11. Execution enters the loop
    • “Hello World” gets printed 5th time
    • Updation is done. Now c = 6.
12. Condition is checked. 6 < 6 yields false.
13. The flow goes outside the loop.

Example 2: do-while loop without curly braces {}

import java.io.*;

class GFG {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int c = 1;
      
        do
            // only single statement in do block
            System.out.println("Hello GFG!");
      
        // this condition is false so only do block will
        // execute
        while (c >= 3);
    }
}

Hello GFG!

chinmoy lenka

Follow

Improve

Article Tags :

• Java
• School Programming
• java-basics
• Java-Loops

Practice Tags :

• Java