Python Tutorial - Python is one of the most popular programming languages today, known for its simplicity and extensive features. Its clean and straightforward syntax makes it beginner-friendly, while its powerful libraries and frameworks makes it perfect for developers.
- A high-level, interpreted language with easy-to-read syntax.
- Used in various fields like web development, data science, artificial intelligence and automation.
First Python Program
Here is a simple Python code, printing a string. We recommend you to edit the code and try to print your own name.
Python
print("Welcome to Python Tutorial")
OutputWelcome to Python Tutorial
1. Getting Started with Python Programming
Welcome to the getting started with Python programming section! Here, we'll cover the essential topics you need to start your journey in Python programming.
In this section of Python guide, we will learn input and output operations. It is crucial for interacting with users and processing data effectively. From printing a simple line using print() function to exploring advanced formatting techniques and efficient methods for receiving user input.
3. Python Data Types
Python offers versatile collections of data types, including lists, string, tuples, sets, dictionaries, and arrays. In this section, we will learn about each data types in detail.
Data Types
4. Python Operators
In this section of Python Operators we will cover from performing basic arithmetic operations to evaluating complex logical expressions. Here We'll learn comparison operators for making decisions based on conditions, and then explore bitwise operators for low-level manipulation of binary data. Additionally, we'll understand assignment operators for efficient variable assignment and updating, membership and identity operators.
5. Python Conditional Statement
Python Conditional statements are important in programming, enabling dynamic decision-making and code branching. In this section of Python Tutorial, we'll explore Python's conditional logic, from basic if...else statements to nested conditions and the concise ternary operator.
6. Python Loops
Here, we'll explore Python loop constructs, including for and while loops, along with essential loop control statements like break, continue, and pass. Additionally, we'll uncover the concise elegance of list and dictionary comprehensions for efficient data manipulation.
7. Python Functions
Python Functions are the backbone of organized and efficient code in Python. Here, in this section of Python 3 tutorial we'll explore their syntax, parameter handling, return values, and variable scope. From basic concepts to advanced techniques like closures and decorators. Along the way, we'll also introduce versatile functions like range(), map, filter, and lambda functions.
8. Python OOPs Concepts
In this section of Python OPPs, we'll explore the core principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python. From encapsulation to inheritance, polymorphism, abstract classes, and iterators, we'll cover the essential concepts that empower you to build modular, reusable, and scalable code.
9. Python Exception Handling
In this section of Python Tutorial, we'll explore Python Exception Handling that how Python deals with unexpected errors, enabling you to write robust and fault-tolerant code. We'll cover file handling, including reading from and writing to files.
10. Python Collections
Here in this section of Python 3 tutorial, you will explore key data structures provided by Python's collections module.
11. Python Database Handling
In this section you will learn how to access and work with MySQL and MongoDB databases
12. Python Packages or Libraries
The biggest strength of Python is a huge collection of Python Packages standard libraries which can be used for the following:
Python Practice
Python Quiz
To achieve a solid understanding of Python, it’s very important to engage with Python quizzes and MCQs. These quizzes and Python code examples can enhance your ability to solve similar questions and improve your problem-solving skills.
This Python tutorial is updated based on latest Python 3.11.2 version.
Python Prerequisite
This Python tutorial is designed for beginners, but it helps if you already have some basic knowledge of programming concepts like variables, commands, and syntax. A little experience with any programming environment will make the learning easier, but don't worry if you're completely new – we'll guide you through it step by step.
Python is Best Suitable for
- Web Development: Frameworks like Django and Flask.
- Data Science & Analysis: Extensive libraries like Pandas and NumPy.
- Machine Learning & AI: Popular libraries like TensorFlow and PyTorch.
- Scripting & Automation: Easy-to-write scripts for repetitive tasks.
- Web Scraping: Libraries like Beautiful Soup and Scrapy.
- Desktop App Development: GUI frameworks like Tkinter and PyQt.
Features of Python
Python stands out because of its simplicity and versatility, making it a top choice for both beginners and professionals. Here are some key features or characteristics:
- Easy to Read and Write: Python’s syntax is clean and simple, making the code easy to understand and write. It is suitable for beginners.
- Interpreted Language: Python executes code line by line, which helps in easy debugging and testing during development.
- Object-Oriented and Functional: Python supports both object-oriented and functional programming, giving developers flexibility in how they structure their code.
- Dynamically Typed: You don’t need to specify data types when declaring variables; Python figures it out automatically.
- Extensive Libraries: Python has a rich collection of libraries for tasks like web development, data analysis, machine learning, and more.
- Cross-Platform: Python can run on different operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux without modification.
- Community Support: Python has a large, active community that continuously contributes resources, libraries, and tools, making it easier to find help or solutions.
Applications of Python
Python is widely used across various fields due to its flexibility and ease of use. Here are some of the main applications:
- Web Development: Frameworks like Django and Flask can be used to create dynamic websites and web applications quickly and efficiently.
- Data Science and Analytics: Python is most preferred language for data analysis, visualization, and handling large datasets. Because of extensive libraries like Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib.
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Python is popular in AI and machine learning because of its powerful libraries like TensorFlow, Keras, and Scikit-learn.
- Automation: Python is commonly used to automate repetitive tasks, making processes faster and more efficient.
- Game Development: Python is also used for game development, with libraries like Pygame to create simple games.
- Scripting: Python’s simplicity makes it ideal for writing scripts that automate tasks in different systems, from server management to file handling.
- Desktop GUI Applications: Python can be used to build desktop applications using frameworks like Tkinter and PyQt.
These applications show how Python can be applied to many different fields, making it one of the most versatile programming languages available.
Python vs. Other Programming Languages
Below is the comparison of Python with C, C++, and Java:
Comparison Between Python and other Programming Languages
| Feature | Python | C | C++ | Java |
|---|
| Type | Interpreted | Compiled | Compiled | Compiled and Interpreted |
|---|
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm (object-oriented, procedural, functional) | Procedural, structured | Multi-paradigm (procedural, object-oriented, generic) | Object-oriented, structured |
|---|
| Memory Management | Automatic | Manual | Manual | Automatic |
|---|
| Syntax | Simple | Complex | Complex | Complex |
|---|
| Use Cases | Web development, data analysis, machine learning | System programming, embedded systems, game development | System programming, game development, high-performance applications | Large-scale applications, enterprise software |
|---|
| Notable Frameworks/Libraries | Django, Flask | Standard Library | Standard Library, Boost | Spring, Hibernate |
|---|
| Community Support | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
|---|
| Job Market | Abundant | Abundant | Abundant | Abundant |
|---|
List of Companies Using Python
These are some Popular companies that use Python in their workflow:
| Company | Description |
|---|
| Google | Uses Python for various applications, including their search engine and machine learning projects. |
| Instagram | The backend of Instagram is built using Python, enabling it to handle millions of users efficiently. |
| Spotify | Python is used for data analysis and backend services, helping improve user recommendations. |
| Dropbox | Python powers the desktop client of Dropbox, making it easy to sync files across devices. |
| Netflix | Python helps Netflix with data analysis and managing its content recommendation algorithms. |
| Reddit | One of the largest online communities, Reddit, uses Python for its core functionalities. |
| Uber | Uber uses Python for various features, including dynamic pricing and data analysis. |
| Pinterest | Python plays a key role in the backend of Pinterest, helping scale and manage user content. |
Career & Jobs in Python
Python offer diverse opportunities across industries, here we have listed all the best career opportunity that anyone can pursue after learning Python.
| Career | Average Salary (INR) Per Annum | Average Salary (USD) Per Annum |
|---|
| Python Developer | ₹500,000 – ₹1,200,000 | $60,000 – $110,000 |
| Data Scientist | ₹600,000 – ₹1,500,000 | $70,000 – $130,000 |
| Machine Learning Engineer | ₹700,000 – ₹1,800,000 | $75,000 – $140,000 |
| Full Stack Developer | ₹600,000 – ₹1,300,000 | $65,000 – $120,000 |
| DevOps Engineer | ₹800,000 – ₹2,000,000 | $80,000 – $140,000 |
| Automation Engineer | ₹500,000 – ₹1,200,000 | $55,000 – $100,000 |
| Data Analyst | ₹400,000 – ₹900,000 | $50,000 – $90,000 |
| Software Engineer | ₹500,000 – ₹1,500,000 | $65,000 – $120,000 |
| Backend Developer | ₹600,000 – ₹1,300,000 | $70,000 – $125,000 |
| AI Engineer | ₹900,000 – ₹2,500,000 | $90,000 – $160,000 |
Python Latest & Upcoming Features
Python will release Python 3.13 in October 2024 and here in this section we have mentioned all the features that Python 3.12 offer. Along with this we have also mentioned the latest trends.
- Security Fix: A critical security patch addressing potential vulnerabilities (details not publicly disclosed).
- SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) Documents: Availability of SBOM documents for CPython, improving transparency in the software supply chain.
Expected Upcoming Features of Python 3.13
- Pattern Matching (PEP 635): A powerful new syntax for pattern matching, potentially similar to features found in languages like Ruby. This could significantly improve code readability and maintainability.
- Union Typing Enhancements (PEP 647): Extending type annotations for unions, allowing for more precise type definitions and improved static type checking.
- Improved Exception Groups (PEP 653): A new mechanism for grouping related exceptions, making error handling more organized and user-friendly.
--> In this tutorial, we've provided the latest Python 3.12 version compiler where you can edit and compile your written code directly with just one click of the RUN Button. So test yourself with Python first exercises.
Python Programming Language - FAQs
What is Python?
Python is a high-level, general-purpose, and very popular programming language which was created by Guido van Rassum and released in 1991. Python programming language (latest Python 3) is being used in web development, and Machine Learning, Mathematics and System Scripting. Python language is being used by almost all tech-giant companies like – Google, Amazon, Facebook, Instagram, Dropbox, Uber… etc.
Is it easy to learn Python?
Yes, Python is considered one of the easiest programming languages to learn, especially for beginners.
Is Python enough to get a job?
Yes, knowing Python can be enough to get a job, especially in certain fields. Python is a versatile programming language widely used across various industries, and it is highly valued for its simplicity, readability, and powerful libraries. Doing specialization is always preferred, you can go for high demand domains like Data Science, AI or Web development.
What is the salary of Python Developer?
Due to high demand of domains like Data science and web dev, Python developer can get good package for India or countries like United States. The estimated salary for a Python Developer is ₹500,000 – ₹1,200,000 per year. For countries like USA, estimated pay for a Python Developer is $60,000 – $110,000 per Year.
What are job opportunity with Python?
After completing Python you and opt for various careers like:
- Python Developer
- Web Developer
- Data Scientist
- Data Analyst
- Machine Learning Engineer
- AI Researcher
- Automation Engineer
- Software Engineer
- DevOps Engineer
What are the key advantages of learning Python?
There are multiple key advantages of learning Python programming language and they are:
- Easy to Learn: Simple syntax, perfect for beginners.
- Versatile: Used in web development, data science, AI, and more.
- In-Demand: High job market demand with strong salaries.
- Rich Libraries: Extensive libraries for diverse tasks.
- Cross-Platform: Runs on all major operating systems.