Goofs

At the end of the Marcellus sword fight (at 1:46), the centurion drops his sword on the platform before falling over the edge, but in the next cut, he falls into the water with sword in hand.

While Miriam and Marcelus are chatting under the tree and Miriam is weaving a basket she runs out of basket material but the next long shot she has a long section of it, not once but twice, without picking up another piece of weaving material.

Caligula is depicted here and in the sequel Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954) as persecuting Christians. However, he reigned from 37 to 41, while Christianity was still a nascent religion with most of its followers in the eastern Mediterranean. The first mention of Christians from the perspective of the Roman government, according to the Roman historian Suetonius, wasn't until the reign of his successor Claudius (reigned 41-54). The first major incidents of persecution of Christians did not occur until the reign of Nero (54 to 68).

There are repeated references to galleys leaving Rome for Palestine (and vise versa) "on the next tide". The maximum tidal range in the Mediterranean sea is ~1.6m (~5 ft) (off the coast of Tunisia), but the typical range off the west coast of Italy and the coast of Palestine is only about 0.4m (~16 in) or so. This is too slight to be of concern to sailors.

Justus tells Marcellus that his grandson, who was born crippled and whom Jesus healed, was named for "Jonathan of old", who (Justus claims) was also born crippled. In the Jewish community, "Jonathan of old" would be the son of Saul, first king of Israel, and the best friend of David, Saul's successor. Jonathan was not born crippled; he had a son, Mephibosheth, who "was lame in both feet", but that was the result of an accident when he was 5 years old (2 Samuel 4:4).

Centurion Paulus should be wearing a transverse plume on his helmet not a front to back placement.

Gallio arrives in Jerusalem on Palm Sunday to be told by Pilate on Good Friday that Tiberius has called him back to Rome. At the time, it was not possible for the news of Tiberius' order to have made it from Rome to Jerusalem in less than one week.

In the sword fight between Marcellus Gallio and the Roman commander, there is a shot of Gallio holding his sword to the commander's throat, while the commander is on the ground. The sword is an obvious prop that is rounded on the end like a spatula.

In the early Roman market scenes there seems a version of Michelangelo Buonarroti's statue of David. This was made in 1501-5 and was an original composition, not a copy of any Classical original.

At the beginning in the Roman Forum, there is a statue of the Roman poet, Antinuous, who was not born until 80 years or so after Christ's death.

The characters constantly refer to the province in which Jerusalem is located as "Palestine". At the time the film is set (AD 30s), Jerusalem was located in the province of "Judea". Judea would not be called Palestine until Emperor Hadrian renamed it ("Syria Palaestina") in AD 135 at the end of the Jewish Revolt.

The Emperor Tiberius' wife, Julia, puts in an appearance complaining about Diana being considered "too good for Caligula", and Tiberius mentions his "30 years with Julia". Actually, his wife Julia, the daughter of his predecessor, the Emperor Augustus, had been permanently exiled by her father for lewd behavior long before Tiberius became Emperor. By the time the movie opens, in the last years of Tiberius' reign, Julia had been dead for decades.