EA 100, letter one of one from the elders of city-state Irqata. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.)^[1]

Obverse:^[2]

(Lines 1-10)--This tablet is a tablet from Irqata (Arqa). To the king, our lord: Message from Irqata and its el(d)ers.¹ We fall at the feet of the king, our lord, 7 times and 7 times. To our lord, the Sun: Message from Irqata. May the heart of the king, (our) lord, know² that we guard Irqata for him.

Paragraph II

(11-18)--When the [ki]ng, our lord, sent D[UMU-Bi-Ha-A, he said to [u]s, "Message of the king: Guard Irqata!"³ The sons of the traitor to the king seek our harm;⁴ Irqata see[ks]⁵ loyalty to the king.

Paragraph III

(19-22)--As to [silver] having been given to S[u]baru (Sú-ba-ru,    ) al[ong with] 30 horses and cha[riots],

Reverse:^[3]

Paragraph III-B

(23)--May you know the mind of Irqata!

(24-32)--When a tablet from the king arrived (saying) to ra[id] the land that the 'A[piru ] had taken [from] the king, they wa[ged] war with us against the enemy of our lord, the man whom you pla[ced] over us.⁶ Truly we are guarding the l[and].⁷ May the king, our lord, heed the words of his loyal servants.

Paragraph IV

(33-44)--May he grant a gift to his servant(s) so our enemies will see this and eat dirt.⁸ May the breath of the king not depart from us.⁹ We shall keep the city gate barred until the breath of the king reaches us. Severe is the war against us — terribly, terribly.--(complete, only very minor lacunas, lines 1-44)

The mention of the Habiru shows the conflict of the time, as the takeover of city-states or regions by the Habiru. The map shows various cities and regions, and their respective dealings with the Habiru. (There are only 3 letters from Labaya of Šakmu/Shechem.) The next closest mention of the Habiru is from the Jerusalem letters of Abdi-Heba, directly south at Jerusalem, letters EA 286, 287, 288, 289, and EA 290.

• EA 100, l. 26—KUR,.. ša ìl-qú LÚ.MEŠ GAZ,.. [ ištu ]–.]–( LÚ-MEŠ GAZ )
• EA 271, l. 16—..lú-meš Sa-GaZ-meš .. ( Men (pl), SA.GAZ^MEŠ(pl)
• EA 290, l. 24—..Ha-Pí-Ri .. ( Hapiru ( 'Apiru ))
• EA 299, l. 18—..da-an-nu LÚ-SA-GAZ-meš .. ( "Strengthening" - LÚ.SA.GAZ.MEŠ ..( "Strengthening Habiru" )
• EA 366, l. 21—.. {LÚ} SA-GAZ .. ( ^LÚSA-GAZ (Habiru))

Text: Akkadian language, sumerograms, Egyptianisms, etc.^[4]

Akkadian:

Obverse:
Paragraph I (see here: [3])

(Line 1)—Ṭup-pí an-nu-ú,.. ṭup-pí–.–.–.–.–.–.–(Tablet this,.. tablet (of)- )

(2)— ^_URU_-IR-Qa-Ta,.. a-na (lugal=ŠÀR-ru)_LUGAL_-ri–.–.–(-^City-state-Irqata-(Arqa),.. to (the)-King—!.. )

(3)— _EN_-nu,.. um-ma,.. ^_URU_-IR-Qa-Ta–.–(Lord-Ours,.. "message thus",.. ^{Quote-City-state}-Irqata—!..-- )

(4)—ù _LÚ.MEŠ_ ši-bu(!)-ti-ši,..–.–.–.–.–.–.–.–.–(--and MEN(pl) elders,..—! )

(5)—ana _GÌR.MEŠ_,.. -_LUGAL_-ri _EN_-nu^Unquote,..–.–(at (the) Feet(pl),.. "King-Lord-Ours",.. )

(6)—7 šu,.. 7 ta-an-ni,.. am-qú-ut!..–.–.–.–.–.–(7 times,.. (and) 7 'times again',.. we bow—!,.. )(?we address you?^UnQuote)

(7)—ana EN(=Bēlu)-nu,.. An-UTU,.. umma--–.(.. To Lord-Ours,.. ^God-"Sun-God",.. "message thus"-(of) -- )

(8)—^URU-IR-Qa-Ta!.. "i-de ŠÀ(=lìb)-bi"–.–.–(..^City-state-Irqata—!.. ..^Quote"Know (in the)-HEART (of the)" -- )

(9)—LUGAL EN,.. i-nu-ma ni-na-ṣa-ru–.–.–( --King-Lord—!.. .."Now (-at-this-time)" (we) 'Watch-Guard' -- )

(10)—^URU-IR-Qa-Ta,.. ana ša-šu—!...–.–.–.–.–(^City-state-Irqata,.. for Him—!"^UnQuote ....(i.e. for the Pharaoh) )

(Line 1)--(Tablet this,.. tablet- )

(2)--(-^City-state-Irqata-(Arqa),.. to (the)-^QuoteKing—!.. )

(3)--(-Bēlu-nu^Unquote,.. "umma",.. ^City-Irqata—!.. )

(4)--(ù LÚ.MEŠ-(šību)"the elders"—!.. )

(5)--(ana šêpu(meš),.. "LUGAL(=ŠÀR-ru)-Bēlu-nu",.. )

(6)--(7 šu (ù) 7 ta-an-ni, maqātu!.. )

(7)--(ana Bēlu-nu,.. ^d-UTU,.. umma --)

(8)--(^City-Irqata!.. .."Idû (in the)-ŠÀ(=lìb)-bi (=libbu)" -- )

(9)--(LUGAL EN!.. ..Inūma(=enūma) naṣāru -- )

(10)--(-^City-Irqata,.. ana šâšu!.... )

Paragraph I–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English

segue:

Paragraph II

(11)—I-nu-ma yu-wa-ši-ra,.. LUGAL,..–.–.–.–("Now-(at-this-time)",.. sent,.. (the) King- )

(12)—EN-nu,.. 1.diš-DUMU-Bi-Ha-A,.. Ù–.–.–(..-Lord-Ours,.. 1.-DUMU(son(=compatriot))-Bi-Ha-A,.. And,.. )

(13)—yi-iq-bi,.. ana ia-ši-nu–.–.–.–.–.–(..He said,.. to us,.. )

(14)—^QuoteUmma LUGAL,.. Ú-ṣa-ru-mi–.–(^Quote"Message thus" (the) King,.. Guard!.. )

(15)—^URU-IR-Qa-Ta!..^Unquote .. DUMU.MEŠ,.. )--(^City-state-Irqata!^Unquote.. "Sons"(Compatriots),.. )

(16)—LÚ-ša-ri LUGAL-ri–.–.–.–.–.–(of the traitor,.. (of the)King,.. )

(17)—tu-ba-ú-na-nu!..–.–.–.–.–.–("seek harm"(attack/'to rise up')!.. )

(18)—^URU-IR-Qa-Ta,.. tu-a-[-ú!.. ]–.–(^City-Irqata,.. "seeks loyalty"!..(="to be good") )

(11)--(Inūma aṣû/uššuru,.. LUGAL(=ŠÀR-ru)- )

(12)--(Bēlu-nu,.. 1. DUMU-Bi-Ha-A,.. Ù,.. )

(13)--(..qabû,.. ana iāši,.. )

(14)--(^Quote"Umma" (the) LUGAL: Naṣāru!.. )

(15)--(^City-Irqata!..^Unquote .. DUMU.MEŠ (of),.. )

(16)--(LÚ-ša-ri,.. (of the)-Šarru,.. )

(17)--(tebû-("us")!.. )

(18)--(^City-Irqata,.. tâbu!... )

Paragraph II–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English

Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.

segue:

Paragraph-(lines 11-18)

Paragraph-(lines 19-32)

Paragraph III

(19)—Ki-ta a-na,.. LUGAL-ri,..–.–.–.–(As to(Whether),.. King,.. )

(20)—i-nu-ma,.. na-ad-nu [ x a-na,.. –.–.("Now-(at-this-time)",.. "having given"("to throw/cast"),.. (x="silver"),.. to,.. )

(21)—^{KUR (land Sumerogram)|KUR]][clarification needed]}-Sú-Ba-Ri,.. qa-du,..–.–.–.–.–.–(^Land-Subaru,.. "handed over",.. )

(22)—(3x(u) ANŠE.KUR.RA.MEŠ [ (ù) ^giš-GIGIR.MEŠ ]–.–(30 Horses [ (and) chariots ],.. )

(19)--(Kī ana,.. LUGAL-ri(ŠÀR-ri),.. )

(20)--(inūma,.. nadû [ x ana ],.. )

(21)--(^KUR-Su-Ba-Ri,.. qātu.. )

(22)--(30 ANŠE.KUR.RA.MEŠ [ (ù) (GIŠ).GIGIR.MEŠ ],.. )

(end Obverse)

Reverse: (see here: [4])

Paragraph III (cont.)

(23)—Ti-de,.. ŠÀ(=lìb)-bi ^URU-IR-Qa-Ta!..–.–.–(..Know,.. (the) mind(=heart) (of)-^City-Irqata!.. )

segue:

(24)—I-nu-ma,.. ka-ši-id –.–.–.–.–.–(.."Now-(when)",.. "arrived"("emplaced"),.. )

(25)—ṭup-pí,.. LUGAL ^QuoteA-na ša-[ -ha-at ]--(..tablet (of the) King,.. ^Quote"To Raid"("to strip") -- )

(26)—KUR,.. ša ìl-qú LÚ.MEŠ GAZ,.. [ ištu ]–.–(LAND,.. which "taken" (by) LÚ.MEŠ-("Habiru")(gaz),.. [ from ])

(27)—LUGAL-ri,..^Unquote i-te₉-ep-pi-[ -šu ]–.–( (the) King,..^Unquote "waging war"("attack"-ing) -- )

(28)—nu-KÚR,.. it-ti-nu,.. ana KÚR–.–.–(..(in) War(fare),.. "with-us"(against-us),.. by (the)ENEMY,.. )

(29)—EN-nu,.. LÚ ti-ìš-ta-[ -pár-šu ]–.–( (of) Lord-Ours,.. (The)-MAN,.. "emplaced",.. )

(30)—UGU-nu,.. adi ni-na-ṣa-ru,.. ki–.–("OVER-us",.. "until" "guarding",.. "as if" )

segue:

(31)—yi-ìš-mé,.. LUGAL-ru EN-nu,.. –.–(Hear("Listen"),.. King-Lord-Ours,.. )

(32)—a-wa-te,.. ARAD.MEŠ ki-ti-šu,.. –.–((the) 'words'("explanations") (of) SERVANT-S(pl)-yours!.. )

segue:

(23)--(..Idû,.. (the) ŠÀ(=lìb)(=heart) (of)-^City-Irqata!.. )

segue:

(24)--(Inūma,.. kašādu -- )

(25)--(ṭuppu LUGAL(ŠÀRru),.. ^QuoteAna Šahāṭu -- )

(26)--(KUR,.. ša leqû (by) LÚ.MEŠ "Habiru"(gaz),.. ištu -- )

(27)--( ŠÀR-ri(Šarru),..^Unquote tabû -- )

(28)--(nukurtu,..itti-nu,.. ana nukurtu -- )

(29)--(Bēlu-nu,.. "emplaced" -- )

(30)--(--UGU-nu(eli/muhhi-nu),.. adi naṣāru,.. kî,.. )

segue:

(31)--(Hear("Listen"),.. King-Lord-Ours,.. )

(32)--((the) amatu,.. ARAD.MEŠ-kâti!.. )

Paragraph III–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English

Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.

Paragraph-(lines 33-43)

Paragraph IV

(33)—Ù,.. ia-di-na,.. NÍG-BA,.. –.–( ..And,.. (may) he ("grant"))"know",.. GIFTS,.. )

(34)—ana ARAD-šu,.. ù,.. ti-da-ga-lu,.. –(to SERVANTS-his,.. and,.. (see)"to look",.. )

(35)—LÚ.MEŠ, a-ia-bu-nu ù,.. –.–.–.–(MEN(pl), "enemies"?,.. and,.. )

(36)—ti-ka-lu ep-ra!... ša-ri–.–.–.–.–(..Eat Dirt!.. (May the)-Breath,.. )

(37)—LUGAL-ri,.. ú-ul ti-na-mu-uš--(..(of the) King,.. Not "depart"(leave),.. )

(38)—iš-tu mu-hi-nu,..–.–.–.–.–.–(from "upon us"!.. )

(39)—a-bu-la nu-ú-du-lu,.. a-di,..–((The)-"City-Gate" "is barred",.. until,.. )

(40)—ka-ša-di,.. ša-ri–.–.–.–.–(..("emplaced")"Returned,.. (the)-Breath,.. )

(41)—LUGAL,.. ana ia-ši-nu –.–(..(of the) King,.. for Us!.. )

segue:

(42)—kal-ga,.. nu-KÚR,.. UGU-nu!.. –(..("All")Severe,.. Warfare,.. UPON-us!.. )

(43)—[ ma-]-GAL!.. ma-GAL!.. –.–("Strongly",.. "Strongly",.. (Terribly!.. Terribly!...) )

(33)--( ..Ù,.. idû?,.. NÍG-BA,.. )

(34)--(ana ARAD-šu,.. ǜ,.. dagālu,.. )

(35)--(LÚ.MEŠ(pl), a-ia-bu-nu,.. ù,.. )

(36)--(akālu eperu!... Šāru,.. )

(37)--(LUGAL-ri(ŠÀR-ri),.. ul tamû,.. )

(38)--(ištu muhhu!... )

(39)--(Abullu xxx,.. adi )

(40)--(kašāda,.. šāru,.. )

(41)--(LUGAL,.. ana iāši-nu,.. )

segue:

(42)--(kalu,.. nukurtu,.. UGU-nu,.. )

(43)--(magal!.. magal!... )

Paragraph IV–Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English

Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), and Akkadian, and English.

• Arqa (city-state Irqata)
• Amarna letter EA 59 (city-state Tunip)
• Amarna letters–phrases and quotations

• Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
• Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I through Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.

• Photo, EA 100: Obverse
• Photo, EA 100: Reverse
• Obverse (photo only)
• Reverse (photo only)
• Line Drawing, cuneiform, and Akkadian, EA 100: Obverse & Reverse, CDLI no. P270927 (Chicago Digital Library Initiative)
• Link to all 382 EA Amarna letters, ( Chicago Digital Library Initiative )

• Artifacts Cuneiform, line-by-line, ( Chicago Digital Library Initiative )