Analysis of the Relationship between Selected Ship and Propulsion System Characteristics and the Risk of Main Engine Turbocharger Explosion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Developing turbocharger damage (undetected in the absence of periodic maintenance).
- Air hose becoming completely detached.
- Air leaks between the compressor and engine.
- Erosion and deterioration of the piston crown.
- Loss of signal to the electronic actuator for the wastegate.
- Inappropriate operation of VNT (variable nozzle turbine) control.
- Tear in the air hose.
- Restrictions in the air intake filter or pipework (excessively dirty filter, improperly performing water-wash on the turbine and compressor side and/or dry-cleaning on the turbine side).
- The wastegate or VNT mechanism has been set incorrectly.
- Worn injectors.
- Feeding the engine with fuel of improper physical and chemical parameters.
- Installing an incorrect turbo.
- Modification of turbocharger, scavenging system, fuel injection system, or control units (incl. fuel injection control maps/algorithms).
- Incorrect movement or restrictions in the VNT mechanism.
2. Materials and Methods
- The number of explosions in each year of the study period and the frequency of turbocharger explosions;
- The number of explosions with respect to the type of ship and the age of the ship at the time of the explosion;
- The number of explosions with respect to the type and design of the main engine.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Number of Explosions over the Years
3.2. Age and Type of Ship
3.3. Number of Explosions by Engine Type
- Duty cycle (2-stroke engine vs. 4-stroke engine);
- Construction of the crank-piston mechanism (trunk piston engine vs. crosshead engine);
- Engine speed (low-speed engine vs. medium-speed engine vs. high-speed engine);
- Cylinder layout (in-line engine vs. vee engine);
- Power per cylinder (medium-power engine vs. high-power engine vs. very high-power engine);
- Number of cylinders.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Ship Type | Share of the World Fleet Averaged for 1977–2022 (%) |
---|---|
Oil tankers (%) | 33.88 |
Bulk carriers (%) | 38.14 |
General cargo (%) | 8.91 |
Container ships (%) | 10.00 |
Other types of ships (%) | 9.07 |
Engine Design | Average Share of 2-Stroke Engine Market | Average Share of 4-Stroke Engine Market |
---|---|---|
MAN B&W | 80 | 23 |
Wärtsilä/Sulzer | 18 | 47 |
Mitsubishi | 2 | 0 |
MaK | 0 | 5 |
Others | 0 | 25 |
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Chybowski, L.; Jakubowski, A.; Żółkiewski, S. Analysis of the Relationship between Selected Ship and Propulsion System Characteristics and the Risk of Main Engine Turbocharger Explosion. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11, 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020360
Chybowski L, Jakubowski A, Żółkiewski S. Analysis of the Relationship between Selected Ship and Propulsion System Characteristics and the Risk of Main Engine Turbocharger Explosion. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2023; 11(2):360. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020360
Chicago/Turabian StyleChybowski, Leszek, Andrzej Jakubowski, and Sławomir Żółkiewski. 2023. "Analysis of the Relationship between Selected Ship and Propulsion System Characteristics and the Risk of Main Engine Turbocharger Explosion" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2: 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020360
APA StyleChybowski, L., Jakubowski, A., & Żółkiewski, S. (2023). Analysis of the Relationship between Selected Ship and Propulsion System Characteristics and the Risk of Main Engine Turbocharger Explosion. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(2), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020360