Islamic Influence on the Local Majapahit Hindu Dwelling of Indonesia in the 15th Century
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Research Objectives
- This study aims to comprehend the impact of Islamic teachings on the architectural transformation of the building typology of houses during the Majapahit Era as a Hindu kingdom.
- This study aims to understand the Islamic teachings that influenced the transformation of spatial distribution within the houses.
- This study aims to understand the transformation of architectural elements in the Majapahit Kingdom during the Influence of Islamic teachings.
1.2. Research Limitations
1.3. History of Islam in the Majapahit Kingdom
1.3.1. Geographical Information of the Kingdom
1.3.2. The Majapahit Kingdom
1.3.3. Housing in the Majapahit Kingdom, Trowulan
1.3.4. The Islamic Community in the Majapahit Kingdom
1.3.5. Islamic Housing in Majapahit Kingdom, Bintoro
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Architectural Documentation Methods
2.2. Majapahit-Style Architectural Documentation
2.3. Building Typology, Majapahit Kingdom
2.4. Spatial Distribution, Majapahit Kingdom
2.5. Architectural Elements, Majapahit Kingdom
3. Results
3.1. The Influence of Islam Related to the Building Typology
3.2. Building Composition of Muslim People
3.3. The Influence of Islam on Spatial Distribution
O believers! Do not enter the homes of the Prophet without permission, ˹and if invited˺ for a meal, do not ˹come too early and˺ linger until the meal is ready. However, if you are invited, then enter ˹on time˺. Once you have eaten, then go on your way, and do not stay for casual talk. Such behaviour annoys the Prophet, yet he is too shy to ask you to leave. However, Allah is never shy from the truth.
Moreover, when you ˹believers˺ ask his wives for something, ask them from behind a barrier. This is purer for your hearts and theirs. Furthermore, it is not suitable for you to annoy the Messenger of Allah or marry his wives after him. This would undoubtedly be a significant offence in the sight of Allah.
3.4. The Influence of Islam on the Architectural Elements
Narrated Abu Hurairah, God is pleased with him. I heard the Prophet Peace be upon him, saying, “Allah said, ‘Who are most unjust than those who try to create something like My creation? I challenge them to create even the smallest thing; a wheat or a barley grain’.”
3.5. Matrix of Categorization
4. Conclusions
4.1. Influence of Islam on Majapahit Dwellings
4.2. Islamic Influences on Buildings’ Typology
4.3. Islamic Influences on Spatial Distribution
4.4. Islamic Influences on Architectural Elements
4.5. Suggestions for Further Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Sulaksono, A.; Adas, Y.A.; Almaimani, A. Islamic Influence on the Local Majapahit Hindu Dwelling of Indonesia in the 15th Century. Architecture 2023, 3, 234-257. https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020014
Sulaksono A, Adas YA, Almaimani A. Islamic Influence on the Local Majapahit Hindu Dwelling of Indonesia in the 15th Century. Architecture. 2023; 3(2):234-257. https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020014
Chicago/Turabian StyleSulaksono, Aruji, Yasser Ahmed Adas, and Ayad Almaimani. 2023. "Islamic Influence on the Local Majapahit Hindu Dwelling of Indonesia in the 15th Century" Architecture 3, no. 2: 234-257. https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020014
APA StyleSulaksono, A., Adas, Y. A., & Almaimani, A. (2023). Islamic Influence on the Local Majapahit Hindu Dwelling of Indonesia in the 15th Century. Architecture, 3(2), 234-257. https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020014