Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Emerging Novel Therapies to Treat Urothelial Carcinoma

Version 1 : Received: 7 August 2023 / Approved: 8 August 2023 / Online: 9 August 2023 (08:23:29 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Rani, B.; Ignatz-Hoover, J.J.; Rana, P.S.; Driscoll, J.J. Current and Emerging Strategies to Treat Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers 2023, 15, 4886. Rani, B.; Ignatz-Hoover, J.J.; Rana, P.S.; Driscoll, J.J. Current and Emerging Strategies to Treat Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers 2023, 15, 4886.

Abstract

Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC, bladder cancer) remains a difficult to treat malignancy with rising incidence worldwide. In the U.S., UCC is the sixth most incident neoplasm and ~90% of diagnoses are made in those >55 years of age, ~four times more commonly observed in men than women. The most important risk factor for developing bladder cancer is tobacco smoking, which accounts for ∼50% of cases followed by occupational exposure to aromatic amines and ionizing radiation. The standard of care for advanced UCC includes platinum-based chemotherapy and programmed cell death (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, administered as frontline, second-line, or maintenance therapy. UCC is highly aggressive and remains generally incurable since these cancers are associated with intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. UCC is highly lethal in the metastatic state and characterized by genomic instability, high PD-L1 expression, DNA damage-response mutations, and high tumor mutational burden. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieve long-term durable responses in other cancers, their ability to achieve similar results with metastatic UCC (mUCC) is not as well-defined. Here, we discuss the novel therapies to improve the management of mUCC.

Keywords

Urothelial cell cancer; metastasis, drug resistance, immunotherapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; tumorigenesis; antibody–drug conjugate.

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0


×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.