Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Long-Term and seasonal changes in Emission Sources of Atmospheric Particulate-Bound Pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Selected Four Cities in the Western Pacific

Version 1 : Received: 8 April 2024 / Approved: 8 April 2024 / Online: 9 April 2024 (07:46:44 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Hayakawa, K. Long-Term and Seasonal Changes in Emission Sources of Atmospheric Particulate-Bound Pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Four Selected Cities in the Western Pacific. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 634. Hayakawa, K. Long-Term and Seasonal Changes in Emission Sources of Atmospheric Particulate-Bound Pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Four Selected Cities in the Western Pacific. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 634.

Abstract

The NP method was used to elucidate the contributions of vehicles and coal combustion to seasonal and long-term atmospheric PM-bound Pyr and 1-NP concentrations in Kanazawa, Kitakyushu, Shenyang, and Shanghai in the Western Pacific region from 1997 to 2021. Among the four cities, Kanazawa demonstrated the lowest Pyr concentration. The contribution of vehicles to Pyr before and after 2010 were 35% and 5%, respectively. The 1-NP concentration reduced by a factor of more than 1/10. These changes can be attributed to the emission control from vehicles. Kitakyushu revealed the second lowest Pyr and the lowest 1-NP concentrations. Coal combustion was found to be the main contributor to Pyr, while its contribution to 1-NP increased from 9% to 19%. The large contribution of coal combustion is attributed to iron manufactures. Shenyang demonstrated the highest atmospheric Pyr concentration with its largest seasonal change. Vehicles are the largest contributors to 1-NP. However, coal combustion, including winter coal heating, contributed 97% or more to Pyr and more than 14% to 1-NP. Shanghai revealed the second highest Pyr and 1-NP concentrations, but the former was substantially lower than in Shenyang. Coal combustion was the major contributor, but the contribution of vehicles to Pyr was larger before 2010 similar to Kanazawa.

Keywords

Western Pacific; vehicle; coal combustion; source contribution; pyrene; 1-nitropyrene

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0


×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.