Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

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Photo of Vaughn McLaughlin, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Vaughn McLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11238
I am a queer NB trans masc psychotherapist who focuses on the mental health and wellbeing of queer, trans and NB folks of all ages. While I work with people across the life span, I generally do not see people under 16. I also work with people navigating the spectrum of pregnancy, adoption and traversing LGBTQIA parenthood. I have been practicing social work for 15 years and am licensed in NY and Florida. I am anti racist, trans affirmative, sex positive, sw positive, body positive + kink allied. I use a psychodynamic approach in my work with clients incorporating elements of intersectionality, mindfulness and harm reduction.
I am a queer NB trans masc psychotherapist who focuses on the mental health and wellbeing of queer, trans and NB folks of all ages. While I work with people across the life span, I generally do not see people under 16. I also work with people navigating the spectrum of pregnancy, adoption and traversing LGBTQIA parenthood. I have been practicing social work for 15 years and am licensed in NY and Florida. I am anti racist, trans affirmative, sex positive, sw positive, body positive + kink allied. I use a psychodynamic approach in my work with clients incorporating elements of intersectionality, mindfulness and harm reduction.
(347) 809-5923 View (347) 809-5923
Photo of Mary Buser, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Buser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Asking for help isn't easy. Yet there are times when we cannot do it alone, and asking for help is the first step in finding relief from the pain of isolation, depression, and defeat. I offer you a safe place to express the depth of your fears, your internal struggles, as well as your dreams for a happier life. With a client-centered approach, I am empathetic and understanding, while also suggesting some practical guidance. Why not meet for a free 15-minute consultation to see if we have a connection? I look forward to meeting you!
Asking for help isn't easy. Yet there are times when we cannot do it alone, and asking for help is the first step in finding relief from the pain of isolation, depression, and defeat. I offer you a safe place to express the depth of your fears, your internal struggles, as well as your dreams for a happier life. With a client-centered approach, I am empathetic and understanding, while also suggesting some practical guidance. Why not meet for a free 15-minute consultation to see if we have a connection? I look forward to meeting you!
(347) 391-2916 View (347) 391-2916
Photo of Brithney M. Sandiford, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Brithney M. Sandiford
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Starting therapy is like embarking on an exciting journey filled with discovery and growth. Along the way, you'll gain valuable tools to overcome challenges and ease your burdens. Together, we'll explore obstacles, learn new skills, and build a strong bond to support your progress. With shared goals and insights, we'll work hand in hand to tackle difficult thoughts and behaviors, paving the way for healing and positive change. Get ready for an adventure of a lifetime—we're in this together!
Starting therapy is like embarking on an exciting journey filled with discovery and growth. Along the way, you'll gain valuable tools to overcome challenges and ease your burdens. Together, we'll explore obstacles, learn new skills, and build a strong bond to support your progress. With shared goals and insights, we'll work hand in hand to tackle difficult thoughts and behaviors, paving the way for healing and positive change. Get ready for an adventure of a lifetime—we're in this together!
(646) 606-2671 View (646) 606-2671
Photo of Reuven Cohen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Reuven Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11210
My clients have ranged in age from young children as early as 6 to geriatric individuals in their 80s. The issues I've addressed in my work with this community include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, various psychotic disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), life transitions, couples counseling, interpersonal and relationship issues, parental management, ADHD/ADD, school performance, and social difficulties.
My clients have ranged in age from young children as early as 6 to geriatric individuals in their 80s. The issues I've addressed in my work with this community include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, various psychotic disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), life transitions, couples counseling, interpersonal and relationship issues, parental management, ADHD/ADD, school performance, and social difficulties.
(929) 493-4531 View (929) 493-4531
Photo of Vanessa D. Bellamy, PhD, Psychologist
Vanessa D. Bellamy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Perhaps you are you seeking support to feel more empowered in your life, maintain healthier relationships, or develop more adaptive self-care and coping practices. Perhaps you would like to heal from past trauma, deepen your understanding of self, or find a career path that better suits your strengths. If any of this resonates with you, then you have made the right choice by considering therapy. I believe that the therapeutic process can be beneficial when there is warmth, compassion, and collaboration. My goal is to foster an environment that can allow you to explore, heal, and grow.
Perhaps you are you seeking support to feel more empowered in your life, maintain healthier relationships, or develop more adaptive self-care and coping practices. Perhaps you would like to heal from past trauma, deepen your understanding of self, or find a career path that better suits your strengths. If any of this resonates with you, then you have made the right choice by considering therapy. I believe that the therapeutic process can be beneficial when there is warmth, compassion, and collaboration. My goal is to foster an environment that can allow you to explore, heal, and grow.
(929) 357-2045 View (929) 357-2045
Photo of Shayla Hilt, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shayla Hilt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Shayla is an experienced therapist with almost 20 years of working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, difficult relationships and alcohol/substance misuse. She offers a holistic approach to person-centered care in a non-judgmental, supportive, and safe space. Shayla places a strong emphasis on building trust with her patients and tailoring treatment towards individual needs while using a strengths-based perspective.
Shayla is an experienced therapist with almost 20 years of working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, difficult relationships and alcohol/substance misuse. She offers a holistic approach to person-centered care in a non-judgmental, supportive, and safe space. Shayla places a strong emphasis on building trust with her patients and tailoring treatment towards individual needs while using a strengths-based perspective.
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Photo of Bianca I. Morisset, LMHC, Counselor
Bianca I. Morisset
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Bianca Morisset is a board-certified license mental health counselor in the state of New York who holds a dual B.A./M.A. degree in forensic psychology from John Jay college. She has years of clinical experience across a variety of settings such as large nonprofits, outpatient, correctional and private practice working with adults, adolescents and families who suffer from a variety of mental illnesses.Bianca has been a practicing psychotherapist for 10+ years and has supervisory and leadership experience. She currently works at Correctional Facility.
Bianca Morisset is a board-certified license mental health counselor in the state of New York who holds a dual B.A./M.A. degree in forensic psychology from John Jay college. She has years of clinical experience across a variety of settings such as large nonprofits, outpatient, correctional and private practice working with adults, adolescents and families who suffer from a variety of mental illnesses.Bianca has been a practicing psychotherapist for 10+ years and has supervisory and leadership experience. She currently works at Correctional Facility.
(347) 727-1622 View (347) 727-1622
Photo of Kerianne Kerrigan, MHC-LP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kerianne Kerrigan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11221
Your story is uniquely yours, and it deserves to be told in a place where you feel truly seen, heard, and understood. In the midst of life's challenges—whether it's overcoming anxiety, navigating the depths of depression, or striving to enhance your overall well-being—you don’t have to walk this path alone. I’m here to offer you a comforting, nurturing space where you can explore these experiences in a way that feels safe and supportive. Every session is carefully curated with you in mind, reflecting a deep understanding of your unique needs and circumstances.
Your story is uniquely yours, and it deserves to be told in a place where you feel truly seen, heard, and understood. In the midst of life's challenges—whether it's overcoming anxiety, navigating the depths of depression, or striving to enhance your overall well-being—you don’t have to walk this path alone. I’m here to offer you a comforting, nurturing space where you can explore these experiences in a way that feels safe and supportive. Every session is carefully curated with you in mind, reflecting a deep understanding of your unique needs and circumstances.
(347) 587-8811 View (347) 587-8811
Photo of Leila Wintif, LMSW
Leila Wintif
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11242
I believe that the therapeutic relationship fosters profound personal growth and healing. Having completed an internship at the William Alanson White Institute, I utilize a psychodynamic and psychoanalytically-informed approach.
I believe that the therapeutic relationship fosters profound personal growth and healing. Having completed an internship at the William Alanson White Institute, I utilize a psychodynamic and psychoanalytically-informed approach.
(929) 499-0979 View (929) 499-0979
Photo of Sam Flax, LMHC, MS, Counselor
Sam Flax
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11231
I am a psychotherapist originally from London, England specializing in working with adults and young people aged 12 and up, with a current focus on men and young men. My approach is thoughtful and collaborative, often exploring unresolved past issues that contribute to present difficulties. My clients may be experiencing relationship challenges, anger, anxiety, or general feelings of discomfort, or may be seeking professional help for reasons they can't articulate. My goal is to help people identify what is causing them to struggle, so that it can be addressed and that they (and others around them) can live a better life.
I am a psychotherapist originally from London, England specializing in working with adults and young people aged 12 and up, with a current focus on men and young men. My approach is thoughtful and collaborative, often exploring unresolved past issues that contribute to present difficulties. My clients may be experiencing relationship challenges, anger, anxiety, or general feelings of discomfort, or may be seeking professional help for reasons they can't articulate. My goal is to help people identify what is causing them to struggle, so that it can be addressed and that they (and others around them) can live a better life.
(929) 339-1840 View (929) 339-1840
Photo of Bonnee Price Linden - Linden Neuropsychological Services PLLC, PhD, Psychologist
Linden Neuropsychological Services PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11209
Dr. Bonnee Price-Linden, PhD, director of Linden Neuropsychological Services (LNS), is a specialist in pediatric neuropsychology, using state of the art techniques in neuroplasticity focused on neurocognitive rehabilitation, permiting the brain to form or reorganize synaptic connections prevalent in birth disorders, learning & physical disabilities or following injury. With over 30 years experience, she has gained expertise for children who exhibit any neurocognitive processing disorder which includes Autism, ADHD, learning disabilities, TBI due to birth or accident, PTSD& genetic disabilities that interfere with life achievement.
Dr. Bonnee Price-Linden, PhD, director of Linden Neuropsychological Services (LNS), is a specialist in pediatric neuropsychology, using state of the art techniques in neuroplasticity focused on neurocognitive rehabilitation, permiting the brain to form or reorganize synaptic connections prevalent in birth disorders, learning & physical disabilities or following injury. With over 30 years experience, she has gained expertise for children who exhibit any neurocognitive processing disorder which includes Autism, ADHD, learning disabilities, TBI due to birth or accident, PTSD& genetic disabilities that interfere with life achievement.
(718) 710-4861 View (718) 710-4861
Photo of Alice Gavin, MA, LP, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Alice Gavin
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11242
Psychotherapy is a process that encompasses your present-day difficulties, past experiences, and your desire for future change and growth. It attends to the thoughts and feelings of your internal life as well as to the health and intimacy of your connections with others. Together, we will work on the stuck and constricted emotional currents and relationship patterns that are keeping you in repetitive cycles. With compassion and candor, I help clients to find relief and insight, and to experience the expansive quality of greater self-knowledge, meaning and purpose in their lives.
Psychotherapy is a process that encompasses your present-day difficulties, past experiences, and your desire for future change and growth. It attends to the thoughts and feelings of your internal life as well as to the health and intimacy of your connections with others. Together, we will work on the stuck and constricted emotional currents and relationship patterns that are keeping you in repetitive cycles. With compassion and candor, I help clients to find relief and insight, and to experience the expansive quality of greater self-knowledge, meaning and purpose in their lives.
(347) 535-1125 View (347) 535-1125
Photo of Carly Nisse, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carly Nisse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11215
I am truly passionate about creating a therapeutic experience that feels like a personalized journey for each individual. I specialize in treating children, adolescents and their families as well as young adults with symptoms of anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral issues, stress-related problems, life transitions, trauma and relationship issues. I have chosen to focus my practice on this population as I firmly believe that effective communications and coping strategies learned at a young age will have a lasting effect throughout one's life.
I am truly passionate about creating a therapeutic experience that feels like a personalized journey for each individual. I specialize in treating children, adolescents and their families as well as young adults with symptoms of anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral issues, stress-related problems, life transitions, trauma and relationship issues. I have chosen to focus my practice on this population as I firmly believe that effective communications and coping strategies learned at a young age will have a lasting effect throughout one's life.
(929) 581-7543 View (929) 581-7543
Photo of Tammy Hammon-Card, LMHC, Counselor
Tammy Hammon-Card
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I am Tammy Hammon-Card. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 20 years of experience helping people who struggle with anxiety, depression, stress management, grief, life transitions, and self-esteem issues. I draw upon a range of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), Dialectical (DBT), Client-Centered Therapy, and Strength-Based therapies during treatments with my clients. I believe therapy is a joint venture where we work together to identify what goals you would like to work on in counseling.
Hello, I am Tammy Hammon-Card. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 20 years of experience helping people who struggle with anxiety, depression, stress management, grief, life transitions, and self-esteem issues. I draw upon a range of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), Dialectical (DBT), Client-Centered Therapy, and Strength-Based therapies during treatments with my clients. I believe therapy is a joint venture where we work together to identify what goals you would like to work on in counseling.
(646) 956-1437 View (646) 956-1437
Photo of Maria Lambrinoudis, LMHC-LP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Maria Lambrinoudis
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Every individual is capable of creating positive change in their lives - sometimes all that is needed is patience, care, and guidance! Maria's approach to therapy incorporates techniques from several modalities, while also using warmth, humor, creativity, and mindfulness. Maria's goal as a clinician is to provide encouragement, empowerment, and a safe place for her clients as they navigate through difficult times.
Every individual is capable of creating positive change in their lives - sometimes all that is needed is patience, care, and guidance! Maria's approach to therapy incorporates techniques from several modalities, while also using warmth, humor, creativity, and mindfulness. Maria's goal as a clinician is to provide encouragement, empowerment, and a safe place for her clients as they navigate through difficult times.
(929) 244-8162 View (929) 244-8162
Photo of Susan Walton, MPS, ATR-BC, LCAT, Art Therapist
Susan Walton
Art Therapist, MPS, ATR-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Through our work together we will uncover ways to expand your strengths, identify unproductive patterns and develop healthier ways of seeing yourself. We will explore how past experiences impact your life and examine how the behaviors, feelings and thoughts that result may interfere with your efforts to achieve a more satisfying life. I utilize a wide array of approaches to guide clients towards increased self awareness and self acceptance.
Through our work together we will uncover ways to expand your strengths, identify unproductive patterns and develop healthier ways of seeing yourself. We will explore how past experiences impact your life and examine how the behaviors, feelings and thoughts that result may interfere with your efforts to achieve a more satisfying life. I utilize a wide array of approaches to guide clients towards increased self awareness and self acceptance.
(917) 267-0404 View (917) 267-0404
Photo of Libby Shapiro, LCAT
Libby Shapiro
Creative Arts Therapist, LCAT
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11205
I am a warm, compassionate, engaging and experienced psychotherapist; an enthusiastic advocate for my clients' well-being. I offer individual therapy to adults of all ages, both short and long-term, talk therapy, AEDP, EMDR, and creative arts therapy if desired. It is my honor and pleasure to support adults coping with anxiety, depression, stress, loss, grief, difficulties with relationships, addiction, and overwhelming life situations or transitions, including fertility challenges. I am keenly skilled in helping people to be their truest selves, and to live their lives with more connection, ease, love, creativity, joy, and meaning.
I am a warm, compassionate, engaging and experienced psychotherapist; an enthusiastic advocate for my clients' well-being. I offer individual therapy to adults of all ages, both short and long-term, talk therapy, AEDP, EMDR, and creative arts therapy if desired. It is my honor and pleasure to support adults coping with anxiety, depression, stress, loss, grief, difficulties with relationships, addiction, and overwhelming life situations or transitions, including fertility challenges. I am keenly skilled in helping people to be their truest selves, and to live their lives with more connection, ease, love, creativity, joy, and meaning.
(917) 746-3841 View (917) 746-3841
Photo of Jilian Levinson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jilian Levinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11209
Hi, I'm Jilian. I've had the privilege of supporting the oncology community in a large urban hospital in New York City for 13 years. I take a strength-based approach, utilizing mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral techniques while understanding the unique story each individual shares. My speciality is around chronic illness and the feelings of anxiety, depression, pain, isolation and grief that brings. I love my work and feel honored to assist clients and their families in their process.
Hi, I'm Jilian. I've had the privilege of supporting the oncology community in a large urban hospital in New York City for 13 years. I take a strength-based approach, utilizing mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral techniques while understanding the unique story each individual shares. My speciality is around chronic illness and the feelings of anxiety, depression, pain, isolation and grief that brings. I love my work and feel honored to assist clients and their families in their process.
(929) 300-0131 View (929) 300-0131
Photo of April Rohr, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
April Rohr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11201
I create a warm and collaborative atmosphere where you can freely explore your lived experiences, anxieties, and hopes for yourself. My approach to therapy involves deep listening. I have trained in psychoanalysis, meaning that we will explore your unconscious mental processes and their origins to illuminate not only the roots of current suffering, but also help you make use of your passions, strengths, and desires to create a life according to your own design. In our work together, we can better understand your patterns, empowering you to make conscious choices and break free from self-limiting cycles.
I create a warm and collaborative atmosphere where you can freely explore your lived experiences, anxieties, and hopes for yourself. My approach to therapy involves deep listening. I have trained in psychoanalysis, meaning that we will explore your unconscious mental processes and their origins to illuminate not only the roots of current suffering, but also help you make use of your passions, strengths, and desires to create a life according to your own design. In our work together, we can better understand your patterns, empowering you to make conscious choices and break free from self-limiting cycles.
(609) 337-3822 View (609) 337-3822
Photo of Stacey Reimann, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stacey Reimann
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11238
I am a queer New York City based therapist-in-training offering low-fee sessions in-person (Chelsea, Park Slope), hybrid, and virtually. I see individuals and couples/polycules/platonic partners, including LGBTQIA+ folx and those curious/exploring. In our work together, we will co-create a therapeutic space that offers you a break from the pressures of life and supports you in your personal journey, interpersonal relationships, and mental health.
I am a queer New York City based therapist-in-training offering low-fee sessions in-person (Chelsea, Park Slope), hybrid, and virtually. I see individuals and couples/polycules/platonic partners, including LGBTQIA+ folx and those curious/exploring. In our work together, we will co-create a therapeutic space that offers you a break from the pressures of life and supports you in your personal journey, interpersonal relationships, and mental health.
(718) 713-8037 View (718) 713-8037
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Brooklyn, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Brooklyn, NY see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brooklyn?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.