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M IS S O U R I D E PA RT M E N T O F CO N S E RVAT I O N
March/April 2021
FURRY SWIMMERS
NOT ALL DOG-PADDLERS ARE DOGS
Contents
Features
6 Talking Turkey
Wild turkeys have a language all their
own. We’ll help you learn to speak it.
10 Furry Float Buddies
Is that a beaver or a Labrador retriever?
Get to know Missouri’s furry water critters.
Departments
2 Get Out!
3 What Is It?
4 Into the Wild
16 Predator vs. Prey
17 Strange but True
18 How To
20 Xplor More
Baby opossums leave
mom’s pouch when
they’re about 2 months
old. But the little pouch
potatoes can’t survive
on their own. So for
the next several weeks,
mom becomes a furry,
four-legged minivan.
by Jim Rathert
GOVERNOR
Michael L. Parson
CONSERVATION COMMISSION
Don C. Bedell
Steven D. Harrison
Mark L. McHenry
Wm. L. (Barry) Orscheln
DIRECTOR
Sara Parker Pauley
XPLOR STAFF
Bonnie Chasteen
Les Fortenberry
Alexis (AJ) Joyce
Angie Daly Morfeld
Noppadol Paothong
Marci Porter
Laura Scheuler
Matt Seek
David Stonner
Stephanie Thurber
Cliff White
Xplor (ISSN 2151-8351) is published bimonthly. It is a
publication of the Missouri Department of Conservation,
2901 West Truman Boulevard, Jefferson City, MO (Mailing
address: PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102.) Subscription
free to Missouri residents (one per household); out of state
$5 per year; out of country $8 per year. Please allow 6–8
weeks for first issue. Notification of address change must
include both old and new address (send mailing label with
the subscriber number on it) with 60-day notice. Preferred
periodical postage paid at Jefferson City, Missouri, and at
additional entry offices. Postmaster: Send correspondence
to Xplor Circulation, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-
0180. Phone: 573-751-4115, ext. 3856 or 3249.
Copyright © 2021 by the Conservation Commission of the
State of Missouri. Vol. 12, No. 2. March/April 2021 issue printed
by LSC Communications in February 2021 in Liberty, Missouri.
Printed in the USA.
Send editorial comments to: Mailing address: Xplor
Magazine, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180; Email:
[email protected]. Please note: Xplor does not accept
unsolicited article queries, manuscripts, photographs, or
artwork. Any unsolicited material sent will not be returned.
Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from
programs of the Missouri Department of Conservation is
available to all individuals without regard to their race,
color, religion, national origin, sex, ancestry, age, sexual
orientation, veteran status, or disability. Questions should
be directed to the Department of Conservation, PO Box
180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, 573-751-4115 (voice) or 800-
735-2966 (TTY), or to Chief, Public Civil Rights, Office of Civil
Rights, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, NW,
Washington, D.C. 20240.
We recycle.
You can, too! Share
Xplor with friends.
ON THE COVER
American Mink
by Noppadol Paothong
Get Out!
GET OUT!
FUN THINGS TO DO
AND GREAT PLACES
TO DISCOVER NATURE
Prothonotary
warb
ler
oriole Songbirds
imore are returning
Balt
to Missouri.
Keep them from flying
into reflective windows by
sticking easy-to-remove
painter’s tape or
Try the taste of decals to the
spring. Redbuds outside of
big panes.
start blooming
in late March. Their
blossoms add a pop
of color and tangy Indi
go b
unt
flavor to salads. ing
Walk a trail
to enjoy the sights,
Many Missouri turtles sounds, smells, and
become active in late The youth
textures of spring.
March. You can help portion of
Missouri’s
turtles cross
2021 spring
the road by carrying
them in the direction turkey
they were headed — but season is
only if it’s safe to do so. April 10 and 11.
Learn the pros
and cons of
various turkey
calls on Page 6.
Orn
ate
b
ox
tur
tle
Looking for more ways to have fun outside? Find out about
2 i xplor Discover Nature programs in your area at mdc.mo.gov/events.
WHAT ?
What is it?
IS
IT
DON’T KNOW?
Jump to Page 20 to find out.
❶ My eggs look like berries. ❸ My hatchlings stick close …
❷ My tail is their home. ❹ … till they’re ready to roam.
march/April 2021 i 3
Into the Wild
Even after death, trees provide
Wild
homes and food for lots of life.
Do w ny LOO k
Woodpeckers
g
hammer on dead snags
ad sna to find insects to eat,
de make nest holes, and
tap out messages to
fellow woodpeckers.
The next time you
ir y
Red
visit a snag, keep your
Ha
?
You Kno
-h
eyes peeled for these
ead
ou
Did Yw?
w
Did
Red-bellied
ed
Kno head-banging birds.
woodpeckers have
super-long tongues that
they use to probe inside
?
hammered-out holes. The
tongue is needle sharp —
perfect for harpooning bugs
— and barbed at the tip so
Red-
dinner can’t wiggle away.
belli
ated
Pile
ed
k
LOO k Take a Closer Loo
Take a Closer Look
Can you spot the owl? Camouflaged
Mama raccoons often turn hollow
feathers make an eastern screech-owl
trees into nurseries. In the summer,
disappear against a barky background.
you might spot her ring-tailed babies
To find screechers in the wild, listen for
practicing their tree-climbing skills.
songbirds raising a ruckus. Small birds
gather near owls and fuss to try to drive
SPRIN G the predatory birds away.
4 i xplor
FALL
hat Happened Here?
What Happened Here?
W The squiggly lines you find when
ke a Closer Look
TaMourning
Take a Closer Look
bark falls off of dead snags are
made by baby insects. Many
cloak
kinds of beetle larvae tunnel
butterflies spend winter
under the bark. They eat the
huddled in tree cavities or
tree as they go and leave behind
under loose bark. Though
winding paths called “galleries.”
the upper side of their
wings is brightly colored,
the underside is well-
camouflaged. This helps
hide them from hungry
birds. With their wings
folded, mourning cloaks
?
become nearly invisible You Kuno
o
Did Yw?
w
against a tree’s trunk. Did Kno When weather
turns chilly,
southern flying
squirrels snuggle
?
together inside hollow
trees. Their furry
bodies can warm the
den by 30 degrees,
and the more
squirrels there are,
the toastier it gets.
LOO k
Fifty squirrels have
been found packed
When a tree dies into a single tree!
— sometimes even
before — it becomes
food for shelf
mushrooms. The next
time you find a snag,
see how many of
these colorful Turkey
sino
us polypore cken
of the woo Ling c
hih ist conk
fungi you tai
l Re Chi
ds Art
can spot.
march/April 2021 i 5
Resinous polypore: Joseph Berger, Bugwood.org; Artist conk: Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org;
Flying squirrels: Joe McDonald/The Image Bank via Getty Images
Few things make your
heart pound harder than
calling a wild turkey
into close range. Talking
TURKEY by Matt Seek
I
f you’re a nature lover, turkeys are
endlessly entertaining to watch. And
if you’re a sportsperson, they’re a thrill
to hunt. But turkeys are wary birds, and Yelp
trying to sneak up on one is a good way to Squeaky, high-pitched yelps are
learn what the south end of a northbound the most-used words in turkey talk.
bird looks like. To get up-close and Three to seven yelps strung together
is how a turkey says: “I’m here. Come
personal with this careful critter, your see me.” It’s also how a hen tells a
best bet is to fool it into thinking you’re gobbler: “Howdy, handsome!
a friendly member of the flock. And to do Let’s go on a date.”
that, you’ll need to learn how to talk turkey.
6 i xplor
Learn the
Language Caw or Hoot
Aggressive gobblers can’t stand
letting other birds have the last
w
cro word. So when a crow caws or an
an
ric owl hoots, a nearby tom will often
Turkeys are chatty birds A me
that make many sounds. belt out a loud, defiant gobble. The
Next time you’re near next time you’re in the woods,
a flock, listen for these make a loud hoot and see if a
nearby gobbler answers back.
common calls.
Putt
Gr
at
e
h orn
Uh-oh! Something seems ed
o wl
suspicious. A sharp, worried
PUTT! is how turkeys
warn others of danger.
Gobble
Adult male turkeys, called
gobblers or toms, rip out
a thunderous GOBBLE,
GOBBLE, GOBBLE! to
attract hens and let other
toms know who’s boss.
Cluck
Turkeys often cluck like
chickens while they’re
moving around looking for
food. Happy clucking tells
other turkeys: “Chill out.
Relax. Life is good.”
Purr
A soft, catlike purr is made —
along with clucks — when turkeys
feel safe or when they’re feeding.
It reassures other turkeys in the
group that everything’s OK.
march/April 2021 i 7
Tools
of the
Turkey calls help hunters (and
birdwatchers) cluck, purr, and
yelp like a turkey calling to its
friends. There are many kinds of
Trade calls, and each has pros and cons.
SLATE Call
With just a little extra practice, you
BOX Call can use a slate call (aka pot call)
to make a wider variety of turkey
Most new hunters sounds than you can with either a
learn to call by using push-button or box call. To make
a box call, which is a slate call “talk,” you scratch a
simply a small wooden pencil-shaped striker across a disc
box with an open top. of slate, glass, or metal.
The lid, or paddle, is stroked over the edges of the box Good: With a slate call, you can
to make sound. By changing the speed of the stroke make nearly any sound a real
and the pressure on the paddle, you can create yelps, turkey can make.
clucks, purrs, putts, and other turkey sounds.
Bad: Slate calls are a little trickier
Good: Box calls are easy to use, which makes them to learn than other hand-held
great for beginners. They’re also quite loud and work calls. They’re not as loud, either, so
well when the woods are noisy, like on windy days. turkeys may have trouble hearing
Bad: Box calls may work poorly in wet or humid you on windy days. And it’s hard to
weather. Some must have chalk applied to the paddle hold a shotgun or binoculars and
before they’ll make realistic sounds. And, unless work a slate call at the same time.
you have three hands, you can’t hold a shotgun or
binoculars and use a box call at the same time.
MOUTH Call
PUSH-BUTTON Call You use a mouth
call kind of like
A push-button call is the easiest way for a rookie how you play a
to make lifelike yelps. All you have to do is push clarinet: You put
a spring-loaded button. This causes a pencil-sized the call in your mouth
rod to rub inside a small box, producing sound. By and force air over a thin piece of plastic.
changing the pressure, speed, and rhythm on the By changing the shape of your mouth
button, you can make different sounds. and varying how hard you blow, you
Good: Push-button calls are dead simple to use. You can fool a turkey into having quite a
can work them with one hand, leaving the other conversation with you.
free to reach for a shotgun or a pair of binoculars. Good: A mouth call lets you shoulder
Bad: Push-button calls are one-hit wonders. They a shotgun or peer through binoculars
produce a few calls while also calling to a turkey. In
well, but they the hands — oops, mouth — of an
don’t make the experienced caller, mouth calls make a
wide variety variety of realistic turkey sounds.
of sounds Bad: The only downside to a mouth call
that other is its steep learning curve. Beginners
calls can offer. are better off using hand-held calls.
8 i xplorHelp for Your Yelps Talking turkey well enough
to fool real birds takes
practice. You can search
online for turkey calling
videos to help hone your
skills. (For a quick lesson
on using a box call, check
out short.mdc.mo.gov/
ZaX.) Or register for a
turkey hunting class at
mdc.mo.gov/events.
But the best way to
learn is to find an
experienced caller
who’s willing to
take you under
his or her wing.
Make a Homemade Here’s What You Need
Turkey Call •
•
•
Empty yogurt cup (Make sure it’s washed!)
Drinking straw
Scissors
• Duct tape
There’s no need to rush out and buy a call • Brown, green,
if you’re itching to try talking to a turkey. or black paint
It’s easy to make a call at home by
recycling a few items you probably
already have in your kitchen.
Here’s What You Do
1 Trim the straw so it’s a couple inches
taller than the yogurt cup.
2 Tape the straw inside the yogurt cup.
Leave a space about the width of your
pinky between the bottom of the straw
and the bottom of the cup.
3 Paint the cup with brown, green, or black
paint, or use camouflage duct tape to
cover the cup as we’ve done in the picture.
How to Use Your Call
Hold the tip of the straw in your lips and sip like
you’re giving someone a noisy kiss. With practice,
you’ll soon be able to produce a sharp yelp.
march/April 2021 i 9Furry
Float by Bonnie
Chasteen
Buddies
T he best thing about
paddling around
a farm pond or
shuttling off to a
stream — especially in
spring — is all the cool
things you’re likely to see
while you’re out on the
water. Frogs and turtles
splashing into the soup,
silvery fish flashing below
your boat — hold on —
what’s that furry critter
sliding down the bank
and into the water?
It could be one of
several aquatic mammals
ter
that call Missouri home.
r ot
rive
ican
mer
hA
Nort
10 i xplorWh i s k e r
s
Warm-Blooded, Built for working
Fur-Covered underwater
Water-Lovers Clear “swim
goggle” eyelids,
The science-y phrase, closeable
“aquatic mammal,” noses and ears,
basically means “furry, and sensitive
warm-blooded critter whiskers help
that makes itself at home otters and
in the water.” Mammals beavers navigate
that live near but not in the water.
in the water are called
“semi-aquatic.” This could t ter
er o
include humans, too. n riv
North America
Some river-loving people
call themselves “river rats.”
Are you a river rat?
Whether they live in Well-insulated
bank-side burrows or Otters and beavers come with their own layered
just hunt from the bank, wet suits that keep them warm, even under the
Missouri’s aquatic and ice. They start with an insulating layer of fat
semi-aquatic mammals are under the skin. Then there’s a short, thick, oily
all good swimmers. Some layer of fur next to the skin. And on top
share similar features like of that, there’s a glossy coat of
webbed toes or “swim guard hairs.
goggle” eyes, and others
have scaly, oarlike tails.
Let’s get to know each
critter and find out when
and where you’re likely
to see them.
Good swimmers n bea
ver
erica
Webbed toes, tapered bodies, A m
and oarlike tails help otters,
beavers, and muskrats move
oes
like acrobats in the water. b ed t
We b
Oarlike tail
© Jnjhuz | Dreamstime.com
march/April 2021 i 11North American
River Ot ter
These aquatic clowns are
well-suited to life in the water.
They have sleek, streamlined
bodies and fully webbed
feet. Their long, tapered tails
are thick at the base and flat
on the bottom. Their ears
and nose close when they
go underwater, and they can
stay under for three to four
minutes. They have lots of
sensitive whiskers that help
them find crayfish in the water,
even at night. Although they
are mostly nighttime hunters,
they’re active all year. You may
see one (or several) sliding
down a snowy or muddy bank
— splash — right into the
water! The name “river otter”
tells you where you’re most
likely to see them.
12 i xplorAmerican Mink
Minks and otters are cousins. You
could think of them as water
weasels, although the mink is less
aquatic than the otter. It lives in
margins between water and woods
under tree roots and logs or in old,
bank-side muskrat burrows. Like
the otter, it works the night shift,
and it tends to keep to itself. Still,
you might see one (or a young
family) hunting in daylight this
spring or summer. They’re fast
runners as well as good swimmers,
and they’re known to eat young
rabbits as well as fish, crawdads,
and even ducks. They often stash
their food in their dens to eat later.
Common Muskrat
These medium-sized water rodents
dig burrows in pond, lake, and stream
banks, or they build big dens out of
sticks and cattails in marshes and
wetlands. While otters and minks
mostly eat meat, muskrats are mainly
plant eaters. In marshy areas, they
eat the roots and stems of cattails,
rushes, and lotuses. Muskrats living
along Ozark streams will eat mussels,
snails, crayfish, and frogs as well as
water plants. When swimming, the
muskrat’s slim, scaly tail paddles back
and forth, almost finlike, behind it.
march/April 2021 i 13American Beaver
The beaver is Missouri’s largest
aquatic mammal, and a big one
can be 54 inches long and weigh
90 pounds — probably bigger
than you! Unlike muskrats, which
have long tails, the beaver has
a broad, flat tail that serves
© Chase Dekker | Dreamstime.com
as an all-purpose tool. In the
water, it works as a rudder and
a propeller. On land, it serves
as a kickstand to help the beaver
balance on its hind feet while it
chomps down trees.
Like muskrats, beavers build
lodges, where they sleep and raise
© Musat Christian | Dreamstime.com
their families. While muskrats make
their lodges out of cattails and
rushes, beavers build theirs out of
sticks, branches, and logs. Either
water rodent may also make a home
by digging into a stream bank.
Unlike muskrats, beavers never eat
meat — only bark, twigs, pond lilies,
and other plants. Both critters have
special lips that close behind their
teeth to keep water from flowing A Sure Sign
into their throats as they swim with If you find pointy tree
branches or cattails in their mouths. stumps along a stream or
Beavers are mostly active at night, lake, you can bet they’re the
but it’s possible to spot them just work of a busy beaver. To spot
before sundown in the evening or a beaver’s lodge, scan the water
just after sunrise in the morning. If for a heap of branches or look
for a burrow dug into a
you’re lucky, you may see a beaver
stream bank.
sunning itself or using its hind toes
to comb oil through its fur.
14 i xplorRaccoon
These masked mammals
aren’t aquatic, but they do
like living near water. They
swim as well as they climb,
so they’re just as likely
to splash in the water for
mussels and crayfish as
they are to reach for tasty
blossoms, mushrooms,
© Holly Kuchera | Dreamstime.com
and fruit. Like most of the
float buddies profiled here,
raccoons are creatures of the
night. They start prowling
for food around sundown,
so you might spot a ring-
tailed shadow slipping along
the stream near the end of
your day on the river.
Labrador
Retriever
OK, NOT a native
aquatic mammal, but
a true water dog —
and a Missouri river
rat’s best friend. Don’t
be surprised if one
paddles out to say hi
when you float by.
march/April 2021 i 15The struggle to survive isn't always a fair fight
RT E R S N A K E
E AS T E R N GA
Short-Tailed Shrew
This
issue :
Eastern Gartersnake Vs
VS S H O R
illustrated by
David Besenger T -TA I L E D S H R E W
Backward Biters
A gartersnake’s teeth curl
inward. Once prey is seized,
the only direction it can move
is toward the snake’s tummy.
Jumbo Jaws
Special jawbones allow
a snake to stretch its
mouth around prey
that's much larger
than the snake's head.
Tiny but Toxic
Short-tailed shrews produce
venomous saliva that
paralyzes small prey like
insects and hinders the
heart of larger victims.
Hungry, Hungry Hunter
To survive, a shrew must eat up to half its
body weight each day. Its appetite makes
a shrew feistier than larger predators.
And the winner is…
shrew sinks its fangs into the snake’s neck, and the mini mammal’s venom takes care of the rest.
16 i xplor
In a battle between predators, the winner is often decided by who strikes first. This time, theStrange but True
ide to all the
Your gu
sua l, un iqu e ,
und u believable
an Un ure
es on in nat
o
stuff that g
Better than a bulldozer:
Woodchucks dig a network
of burrows and underground
chambers in which to live.
Their tunnels may stretch
Ruby-throated almost 80 feet, and
hummingbirds can fly up, the woodchuck may
down, forward, backward, remove nearly 700
sideways, and even upside- pounds of soil during
down. The tiny birds can construction.
streak toward a flower at 25 mph
and come to a dead stop in a space
no longer than your pointer finger.
There’s a good
reason why zebra
swallowtail
Why so blue? During
butterflies
mating season, the inside of usually lay only one egg on
a double-crested each pawpaw plant: The baby
cormorant’s mouth turns caterpillars will happily eat any of
bright blue. When a female their siblings that crawl too close.
approaches a male’s nest site, he
spreads his beak wide open to
show off his sky-colored pie hole.
Dutchman’s
breeches contain
druglike chemicals.
Common merganser Cattle that eat too
babies often hitch a ride many of these spring-
on their mother’s back blooming wildflowers
as she swims through often foam at the
the water. This offers mouth and stagger
the little fluff balls some around as
safety from fish and other though they
underwater predators. were drunk.
Like four peas in a pod: Nine-banded armadillos
always give birth to four — no more, no fewer — identical
babies, either all boys or all girls. It takes a couple months for
baby ’dillos to develop the protective armor adults possess.
march/April 2021 i 17How to
Hang a
o mem ade
H
Hammock
Nothing is more relaxing
on a warm spring day
than lying in a hammock and
swinging with the breeze. No
hammock? No problem. Here’s
how to rig one with supplies
you likely have at home.
Here’s what you need
• Old bed sheet
(a twin- or full-size
sheet works best)
• Rope or parachute cord
• Tarp
• Pocketknife
Pro Tip
• Tent stakes (optional) To protect the trees,
• Two stout trees wrap thick cardboard
around each tree at the
spot where the rope
encircles its trunk.
18 i xplorHere’s what you do
For shade from the sun or
protection from rain, it’s easy to
1
make a tent over your hammock.
4
Tie each end of the sheet into a large overhand
knot. Leave a tail of sheet sticking out so the
knot won’t come untied. Tie lengths of rope to the
corner grommets (the little
2
metal holes) of the tarp.
5
Cinch a length of rope or cord just below
each knot. Each piece of rope needs to be
long enough to stretch from the hammock
Tie the tarp between the two trees so that
to a tree. Make sure the rope is tied tightly
it hangs over the top of your hammock.
so that it won’t slide off of the sheet.
3 6
Attach the rope from each end of the hammock Using tent stakes, sharpened sticks, or heavy
to separate trees. Make sure the hammock is rocks, secure the ropes from the grommets
about chest high — the rope will stretch and to the ground so that the tarp forms a roof
the hammock will sink a little when you sit in it. over your hammock.
march/April 2021 i 19x p lo r m or Xplor More
Spring Woods Bin
o r
x p l or m
Spring Woods Bingo
■ Raccoon ■ Fern ■ Chipmunk ■ Morel
fiddlehead ■ Woodpecker
A springtime walk in
the woods is a delight
for your senses. The
forest turns green, birds
sing, and the sweet scent of ■ May apple ■ Moss ■ Box turtle ■ Dog wood ■ Jack-in-the-
flowers hangs in the air. To pulpit
make your walk even better,
play “Spring Woods Bingo.”
Instructions ■ Paw print ■ Salamander
■ Redbud ■ Turkey
Cut out the bingo cards. Bring the
cards, a couple friends, and some
pencils on your next hike. When
FREE
you spot an item in the woods that’s
■ Cardinal ■ Spring peeper ■ Bluebird
listed on the card, put an “X” in the ■ Dutchman’s ■ Columbine
corresponding box. When you get breeches
five X’s in a row, yell
“Xplor!”
■ Wild sweet ■ Wake robin ■ Bumblebee ■ Zebra
William ■ Spring beauty
swallowtail
WhAT ? IS Crayfish usually mate in the fall, but
the moms don’t “lay” eggs until spring.
IT
What
Is It? Then the eggs, which look like berries,
appear in a sticky mass. They stick to
— FROM PAGE 3 — the mother’s tiny, leglike swimmerets
under her “tail” or abdomen. After hatching, the young keep hanging out
on mom’s tail until they shed their skins twice. Then they start wandering
away from mom, but they return to the safety of her tail if they feel
threatened. Learn more at mdc.mo.gov/field-guide.
20 i xplorre
■ Raccoon ■ Fern ■ Bumblebee ■ Morel
fiddlehead ■ Wake robin
go
■ Columbine ■ Moss ■ Box turtle ■ Dog wood ■ Jack-in-the-
pulpit
■ Paw print ■ Salamander
■ Redbud ■ Turkey
FREE
■ Cardinal ■ Spring peeper ■ Bluebird
■ Dutchman’s ■ May apple
breeches
■ Wild sweet ■ Woodpecker ■ Chipmunk ■ Zebra
William ■ Spring beauty
swallowtail
I mean Xplor!
■ Columbine ■ Cardinal
■ Bluebird
■ Spring peeper ■ Salamander
r,
o .. . e
g
Bin
■ Woodpecker ■ Spring beauty
■ Morel ■ Chipmunk
■ Fern
fiddlehead
■ Turkey ■ Paw print
■ Dutchman’s ■ Redbud
breeches
FREE
■ Jack-in-the- ■ May apple
■ Wild sweet ■ Box turtle
■ Moss pulpit
William
Warning:
In “Spring Woods Bingo” if you say
■ Raccoon ■ Dog wood
■ Zebra ■ Bumblebee “bingo” instead of “Xplor,” you must
■ Wake robin
swallowtail erase one of your X’s and continue
to look for items until you have five
in a row again.
march/April 2021 i 21Subscribe online
mdc.mo.gov/xplor
Free to Missouri households
CRIT TER CORNER Baby Red-Shouldered Hawks
These nestlings are waiting for mom or dad to bring home lunch — maybe a frog or a mouse. Their parents will
tend to them until they are ready to hunt on their own, sometime in mid-June. Red-shouldered hawks start nesting
in mid-March, and their eggs hatch in late April or early May. You may spot nesting pairs in woods along creeks this
spring. Listen for the parents’ calls — a loud kee-aah! Learn more at mdc.mo.gov/field-guide.You can also read
