Unified Field Theory: 'Ukray' Unified Electro/Gravitation Field Theory

About Author

Murat UKRAY was born in ISTANBUL on August 17 of 1976. He completed the Primary, Secondary and High School education in Istanbul. Then, he studied in YILDIZ TEKNİK University during 1995-2000 period, Department of ELECTRONIC Engineering and completed his master degree in the School of Science and PhD, during 2000-2004 period in the department of PHYSICS in the same university. Having specialized in the electromagnetic theory with which he became acquainted at the beginning of his bachelor of science education of his academic life in this university for a long time, he analyzed the electromagnetism and gravity, studied on quantum gravitation and relativity; eventually he created the Unified Field Theory which ensures a pre/unification of the gravity with electromagnetism. The author has been studying on this theory in Istanbul for about 16 years..

So, Since the 2000s, doing research in a variety of domestic and foreign sources of various articles of faith and scientific issues, about the M theory, Super strings, Quantum Gravity and Graphic Designs much amount that imagined about physical events (among Paralel universe, Quantum gravity Egg model, many 11-D Super string diagrams and Space-time drawings, etc.) has prepared excellent works. GALAXY is a game designed for kids by. And also the author’, prepared some articles on stock exchange prediction systems Chaotic Time Series and Artificial Neural Networks on the international level, there are several published articles and two books published.

There are basic and magnetic charges at the most basic level, namely at the Planck scale in the universe. The source of these charges is the 5-Dimensional Unified Field force which includes essentially only a single field force. This Graviton-Magnetic charge theory I discuss in this study does not only include an arena in which the forces are dominant separately but also my theoretical studies which deal with the whole universe completely. This theory which may be described as generalization of the relativity theory to 5th dimension instead of the popular theory named the Big Bang which explains the formation of the Universe and I have asserted as a result of approximately 16 years of philosophical thought logic and a long term study with a strong mathematical infrastructure scientifically explains how this subject that is the starting of everything, namely the universe had been created initially and gives some important tips about its end.

While there had been 10 exponent 1296 particles at the first moment when the universe was created, 10 exponent 81 particles which constitute a significant part of the universe were created as a result of 2 times decrease in this ratio in each time frame upon expansion and cooling of the universe within 2-3 seconds. There were previously the field of pre-time forces covering the universe before starting of the time, then these field components collapsed by the effect of cooling and thermodynamic expansion after billions of years as a result of opening of a single force field with a great explosion and the black mini atomic micro blackholes "microblackholes" which are trillion times smaller than an atom emerged. Here, the half of these mini blackholes was composed of matter and the other half was composed of different structure antimatter. However, a great remnant which started before time has spread over the universe in the form of cosmic microwave back radiation from these blackholes on which there is a magnetic charge at the point of singularity existing on its center after billions of years even though a long time passed. The collission of matter and antimatter resulted in explosions which destroy everything, and when the matter and antimatter separated from each other by disintegration as a result of this collission, new particles created the universe in the known sense by forming the galaxies, stars, planets, counter planets and human in time.

Having studies on this type of a Unified Field theory for the first time in the previous century and being a Turkish physicist having a similar qualification with Einstein and Newton, Prof. Dr. Behram Kurşunoğlu (1922-2003) was unaware of the fact that he had taken the most important step in direction of assembling the laws of physics under the same roof when he discussed such an approach with Einstein in America Princeton in 1953. However, his theory has significantly generalized the relativity laws of Einstein, he could not take a significant position in field of science since the world of science concentrated in 4-dimensional relativity at these times. Nevertheless, just in early 2000, people noticed the fact that the theoretical physics is located in a position left by Einstein and Kurşunoğlu for years when the theoretical physics develops in each passing day and some new evidences were obtained in addition to supplementary dimensions in the tests held in CERN. Prof. Kurşunoğlu died in 2003 without seeing the results of his studies, but he could introduce us that Turkish world had made a significant progress in physics with his heritage.

In this theoretical study, we will try to expand the Relativity theory to this 5th dimension located at the scale closes to the limit-tangent surface of our 4-Dimensional universe by concentrating in the initial moments of the universe and quantum mechanics and reveal the mystery and secret of the universe, and prove that the universe displays a unifying structure while stepping up to higher dimensions through based on the tips they left us as an inheritance..

Table of Contents

Ukray Unified Field Theory

Preface

What Does the Theory Tell?

Basic Projections of the Theory?

About Author

Table of Contents

Part-I

An Approach & Historical Introduction On Unification of the Physics Laws

Introduction

Historical Development of the Unified Field Theory

Other Overlooked Dilemmas Related With the Subject In the Quantum Mechanics

A Short Introduction to Relative Electrodynamic of Moving Charge Particle Pairs (Dipoles)

II- Introduction to Unified Field Theory

Kaluza-Klein Gravity Equations and Energy-Momentum Tensors In the Expanded Extra Dimensional (5D) Space-Time

Expanded Extra Dimensional (5D) Field Equations

III- Introduction to Electro-Gravitation Theory

Generalized Einstein – Schrodinger - Kursunoglu Unified Field Theory

Conclusions

IV- On the Magnetic Charge & Mass Induction Mechanism and a Quantum Gravity Theory Model Which Creates This: To Create a Quantum Egg (Magnetic Monopole) Model

Acquisition of Electrogravitation Theory from 5-Dimensional Einstein-Schwarzschild Field Equations

Towards the Magnetic Monopolies: Constructing a New 5-Dimensional Space-Time Model

Conclusions

Part-II

A Mathematical Approach & Tensor Calculus On the Unification

Introduction

Weak Field Approach of Einstein-Maxwell Equations

Obtaining Einstein-Maxwell Type Gravity Field Equations

Obtaining the Coupling Connection Between Electromagnetism and Gravity

Obtaining Einstein-Maxwell Type Equations from Generalized Einstein-Schrodinger-Kursunoglu Gravity Field Equations

Obtaining the Equation Types Dependent On Specific Conditions In 5- Dimensional Coordinate Structure and Their Results

Obtaining 5-Dimensional Reduced Maxwell Type Equations In General Situation and Their Results

Obtaining 5-Dimensional Reduced Gravitational Field Tensor and Its Results In General Situation

Solution of "Einstein Gravity Field" Equations In 5-Dimensional Space-Time

Obtaining Electroweak Theory from 5- Dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills Field Equations

For Electroweak Model of Quantum Gravity: Creating a New Atom Model

Obtaining Electroweak Field Tensor and Its Results

Conclusions

Part-III

Cosmic Electrostatic Principles & Resulting Equations of the Unified Field Theory

Introduction

String Theory & Relativity of Gravity

Cosmic Electrodynamic Principles of the Unified Field Theory

Material Deformation In Direction of & Around the Point of Singularity

Material Displacement In Direction of Point of Singularity (Motion)

Static Field Equations

Conclusions

Physical Results of the Electrostatic Theorem of the Unified Field Theory

Unified Field Clues and Direction In the Molecules, Living Organisms and Celestial Bodies

Other Some Structures for Clue from Nature, On This Important Phenemon

Some Significant Electrostatic Results of the Theory

Part-IV

Cosmic Electrodynamical Principles & Resulting Equations of the Unified Field Theory

Introduction

Lienard-Wiechert Potentials

Electrostatic Results of the Unified Field Theory & Static Gravitational Unified Field Equations

Dynamic Unified Field-Wave Equations

Conclusions

Part-V

General Resulting Equations & Tensor Calculus of the Unified Field Theory

Introduction

Results of the Unified Field Theory Depending On the Velocity of Light and Particle Velocity Diagrams

Electrodynamic & Gravitational Energy Theory of the Unified Field Theory

Other Conclusions

Part-VI

The Physical Proofs & Applications of the Unified Field Theory In the Material World

Introduction

The Physical Proofs & Applications

Firstly: Structure of Gravity Field

Secondly: Magnetic Field of the Earth

Thirdly: Pulsar Stars

Fourthly: Neutron Stars

Fifth: Electric Field Application

Sixth: Magnetic Field Application

Seventh: Gravity Field Application

Eighth: Quantum Mechanical Molecular Charge Theory Application

Part-VII

The New Universe Model According to the Unified Field Theory

Introduction

Points of Singularity of the Matter: About Mini (Atomic) Black Holes

High Dimensional Architecture of the Universe (Caused By Closed Dimensions) and Occurrence of the Symmetry

About Creation of a New Mathematical Universe Cosmology Model Caused By Expansion

Mathematical Appendix-I

Mathematical Foundations of the Theory

Vector Algebra

Coordinate Transformation In Vectors

Vectorial Calculation In Curvilinear Coordinates

Tensor Calculation

Calculation of the Definite Integral and the Area Remained Under a Closed Curve

Solid Angles and Flux Theory

Differential Calculation

Vector Calculation

Divergence Theorem (Gauss Law)

Rotational and Stokes Theorem

Laplacian

Conserved Areas

Vector Identities

Mathematical Appendix-II

Geometric Fundamentals of the Theory

Eukleides (Euclidean) and Lobachevsky Geometry

Minkowsky Geometry and Einstein’s Specific Relativity Theory

5- Dimensional Kaluza Geometry

Geometric Identities

Geometric Curves

Solid Surfaces and Calculation of Their Volumes

Vector Fields In the Orthogonal Coordinate System

Vector Spaces In the Orthogonal Coordinate System

Mathematical Appendix –III

Space-Time Structure of the Theory

5-Dimensional Space-Time Structure of the Electrogravitational Theory

Lorentz Transformations and 4-Dimensional Space-Time Structure

Bending of 3-Dimensional Space By 2-Dimensional Time and Conformal Transformation

Mathematical Appendix-IV

A Mathematical Model for GM Helical Massive Induction Mechanism

Kerr Solution for Metric (Spinless) Blackholes for the Constant GM Mechanism

Correlation Between GM Induction Mechanism and Lenz Law

References

FIGURE:

- THE DRAWING that I Used for creating of the Unified Field Theory, the FANTASTIC THOUGHT EXPERIENCE, AN OFFICIAL FIRST DREAM OF THE THEORY

- GENERAL RELATIVITY THEORY WITH THIS SPACE-TIME GEOMETRY discussed in the PHILOSOPHICAL DIFFERENCES IN DESCRIBING a sketch {M. Ukranian, 2000}

* * * * *

UNIFIED FIELD THEORY

*UKRAY’s ELECTRO/WEAK/STRONG/ GRAVITATIONAL FIELD THEORY

This Book Dedicated to Çanakkale & Science Martyries

Bu Kitap Çanakkale ve Bilim Şehitlerine İthaf Edilmiştir..

* * * * * * *

Part-I

An Approach & Historical Introduction On Unification of the Physics Laws

ABSTRACT

—In this first study, I’ll endeavor to find a sub-set equation of the unification of the Gravity and Electromagnetism at the initial times of the universe in the planck scale. In theoretical study we began to work, the theory of Quantum Mechanics is folded into the 4-Dimensional Universe, Relatively, tangent to the surface nearest the border-this 5-Dimensional Universe scale, we’ll generate a new space-time model, that I named: "Quantum Egg Model or GM Mechanism. We will try to expand the size of Einstein-Schwarzschild-Kursunoglu" space-time model in this universe, to solve from the basic 4D dimensions to 5D dimensions, we’ll try to expand Magnetic Monopol-Dirac Space-time...

This first section of the unified field theory, stipulated in many ways and in many places in the theory of quantum-sized black hole singularity, which frequently situated that we’ll called: In Quantum Eggs, I’ll express also known as a mathematical model for the mechanism of Magnetic Monopole. So we are going to learn a new atomic model under this model for the unified field theory; so we could also have done a simple mathematical definition for gravitons and magnetons (magnetic monopols). In addition, having this mechanism, according to the unified field Theory we will constitute a basis for the new atom model in the following chapters..

Keywords of the Theory : Electro gravity Unification, 5-Dimensional Relativity, Unified Field Theory, Extended Maxwell Equations, Unification of the Physics Laws, 5D- Relativity, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Electrodynamics, 11D Superstring theory, M-Theory, An Approach & Introduction of the United Field Theory, Magnetic Monopole Model, Higgs Bosonic Field..

Introduction

I imagined the situation of a mass falling towards the singularity point in a blackhole singularity in electrodynamic gravity conditions for some relative structures in the electromagnetic theory which is the most important and understandable theory in the classical physics I had comprehensive knowledge in my last years of my undergraduate term of the academic life (in about 2000) in an article of Faraday on the topic of the law of induction I had incidentally seen while I was examining the existing physics literature in the faculty's library. I wondered if the law of induction in a circular conducting wire differently perceived according to an observer in the train and the one on the land in the special relativity of Einstein may occur by the increase and decrease of mass during the course of falling to singularity in this blackhole and may create an electromagnetic gravity wave and a magnetic charge current which would decrease the impact of gravitation in parallel to this. This oriented me to a series of researches to study and create this theory for years and then directed me to create a unified electromagnetic gravity theory composed of SEVEN ARTICLES in total I will submit here in order and step by step. Even though the theory includes a deductive mathematical approach, tensor calculation and geometric modellings, I will give the solutions of Einstein-Maxwell Equations with a different mathematical 4x4 Pauli-Dirac Spinors and Tensor calculation construction in direction of closed extra dimension of the space (5th Dimension Effect) of the mechanisms included and sample physical practices, it would orient to prove that this inducted electrodynamic field of force behaves in form of a Unified field force as a result of the particle interactions around this singularity as summarized with 2×6 EXTENDED 12 MAXWELL EQUATIONS IN TOTALLY.

Again, while I was examining an article of FARADAY in an old physics journal in the faculty's library during the course while I was attending my Graduate studies in the institute in the last years of my academic life (about mid 2000’s, 2002-2005), I analyzed the surprising similarity between and electrodynamic laws and electrostatic laws of COULOMB and magnetostatic laws of Amperé (*Here, where *m refers to magnetic charge) and the general law of gravity equations of NEWTON (*Here, where **m refers to mass) and thought whether an electromagnetic gravity wave proceeding by moving in a spiral way in a blackhole singularity, electromagnetism and gravity in relative situation and a unified field force are the facts differently perceived according to view of an observer in a variable position (in low speeds); and I imagined whether the relative coordinate systems would behave as two equivalent components of a single field of force as two different appearances of it at the same time when they change at velocity of light according to each other (for example, around a blackhole singularity).

Accordingly, when the change of these three fundamental fields of force appeared as different from each other in the spectrums belonging to condensed masses such as far-field double star systems (pulsars) and neutron stars is examined, indeed the dispersion of gravity and electromagnetic waves in these structures is examined together, just as the electromagnetic field components, the gravity field must be affected by and inducted mass and all three field components must move in an unified electromagnetic wave structure in the following way:

Even though I had just imagined this at the beginning, afterwards I found some evidences in some articles in this direction. Then I named this as "the principle of relative unified equivalence of simultaneity" (to be submitted in Article 3). I will discuss this principle and some of its important results in the proceeding chapters.

The classical gravitational force theory is the Law of Universal Gravitation which is also known as the Newton's universal law of gravitation and gives the gravitational force between two masses as follows;

.

However, there is also the general theory of relativity which is a relative gravitational theory and found by Einstein in 1915. The foundation of Einstein’s theory is based on the curvature of space-time texture pattern (a curved space-time instead of a flat one) and relativity of the time. General relativity combines the time dimension with three dimensions of space to form the space-time. This theory explains the effect of gravity by saying that the allocation of matters in the space bends and disturbs the space-time; for this reason the space-time is not flat. The objects in the said space-time try to move in flat directions; but since the space-time is curved the routes they follow are seen as bent and definitely there must be a closed or open singular point at the center of this bent area surface. This situation is clearly seen in the following figure.

We will examine the movement of the Gravity and Electromagnetism around the point of singularity in this relative gravity field and discuss again in detail whether there is a correlation between above stated gravity field and Electromagnetic field which creates this equivalency by using the *GREEN THEOREM. For example, according to *Maxwell equations No. 1 and 6 we will obtain the reason why gravity continuously exposes the objects to attraction and why it exposes not to repulsion but to attraction in a unified structure with the magnetic field will be explained with the following resulting equations and geometric structures:

Figure: The matter sinking to the furthermost trough point of a singularity surface and confined in a strong magnetic field will create a magnetic monopole in the planck scale and the magnetic and electrical charge allocations will create Jm (C1) and Je (C2) differential currents inducted as a result of increase and decrease of the mass in a ring shape string structure.

If the conversed fields (such as Electric and Magnetism) are the parts of a total field component (such as Gravity field) according to *Green theorem; because the total flux change in a closed surface will be zero;

Figure 1: The contour integral taken along the cycle of a closed or conversed field circulation may be reduced to a difference equation of two-piece vectorial field according to green theorem (Ukray,11)

Figure 2: The contour integral of two points of singularity turning around each other is the geometric result of the circular structure of the electromagnetic gravity field along the singularity surface turning around each other given with the Maxwell equation No. 6 in direction of the Green theorem and the mathematical proof of the gravitational waves of the mass inducted along the surface created from the surface outward as the electromagnetic gravity wave of the mass inducted along the surface (Ukray, 2011).

It creates two points of singularity as seen above figures and it indicates that this structure, the gravity field in the unified field equations, forecasting the unification of electromagnetism and gravity in a closed vector field pool behaves as such a unified field structure in direction of the Green theorem. Moreover, the solutions of the Green theorem in the Galactic scales correspond to the Blackhole and White hole solutions turning around each other. Stokes Theorem also gives a similar approach but this is not given here. Therefore, it is also understood from the following formulations that the Green, Divergence and Stokes theorems create an interrelated structure and behave as the components of a single unified fundamental theorem. This associates with the idea that the field theories have basically a unified structure in mathematical level, but I will not deal with the proof of this here. Any reader who wish to analyze this may examine the interconnection of these basic theorems included in this study.

Figure 3: Gravitational waves will ensure us to understand why they always expose the objects to attraction - but not to repulsion in direction of the newly obtained extended Maxwell equation 1 in the proceeding chapters of the theory, indeed gravity vectorially directs inwardly from the center by reason of the characteristic of divergence (due to the - sign)† (Ukray, 2011).

†For detailed explanation, see: end of Article 2 (Part-II): Note¹ and Note²

Figure 4: Similarly, it gains a spiral structure the spiral structure in shape of vortex with the Maxwell equation 6 by reason of rotation.

Now we would examine the electromagnetic field force lines and interpret its similarity with above gravity field lines in the following figure and think about whether there is a connection between the gravity and electromagnetism. Yes there is a connection and both have a field source with the same origin. Indeed electromagnetism and gravity are the fields from the same origin. We will forecast in the following chapters that these sources are the magnetic charges (Q, Magnetic monopole) concentrated along the closed 5th Dimension. It is seen in the figures that all three field vectors are perpendicular and tangent to the force line in the movement direction of the objects and to each other if we examine the electromagnetic and gravity field lines. As understood from here, three forces impacting acting on the object (electric field force, magnetic field force and gravitation field force) will be perpendicular to each other and the movement direction of the object will be in direction of the vectorial intersection (gravity field force) of these three forces.

These imaginary force lines may be more clearly seen in the following figure. Now, if we write electric force statement for a Q charge which has "ρ" volumetric charge density:

if we consider that there is a electric field force as and which affect a charge;

we can interpret this statement as charge density creates a certain Electric field force. If we formulate this situation, namely this equation defined for the electron and charge for a M mass we suppose that it concentrates at the center of a celestial body:

We can express with a graviton (gravity charges) density equation created by a certain density of mass in the following form:

Figure 5: Unified force field line of the gravity field. (Ukray, 2007)

Figure 6: Curvature of space-time: The matter curves the space-time in a way light rays would bend towards each other by the effect of gravity.

Figure 7: Electromagnetic force fields indicating how two electrons with different magnitude but in the same gravity force attract each other. (James Clerk Maxwell's book named ‘Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism’, 1873.)

In this case, if we extract from the universal law of gravitation which is also known as = K (Gravity field) by using law which is the 1st theorem of Newton we would find that the graviton in a certain density creates the gravity force as follows;

Therefore, there is a perfect similarity between the laws of electrical gravitational force and gravity force. These similarities are also valid for the magnetic forces and the magnetic charges and laws existence of which has not been proved yet but which definitely exist in theory as we addressed earlier. Actually, there is a very significant conclusion to be drawn here. This is the existence of these three forces in the nature in a way to create a unified field theory.

This theory relatively addresses that the GRAVITATION-MAGNETIC BOSON (here I refer as "the GM Mechanism) interaction, in the most basic scale, namely in the Planck scale instead of the HIGGS BOSON (H) and by presupposing that MAGNETIC CHARGES (±Q)" magnetic charges exist in the universe includes the ELECTRO-MAGNETISM (M) and GRAVITY (G) as a unified structure in this most basic scale. The source of these charges is a single 5-Dimensional Unified Field force which essentially encloses these two force fields and includes a single field force. This Graviton-Magnetic charge theory I addressed in this study embraces all my theoretical studies dealing with the entire Universe as a whole beyond an arena where separate forces are dominant.

While there was 10 exponent 1296 particles in the first moment of the formation of the universe (Big Bang), this ratio created 10 exponent 81 particles which constitute a great part of the universe in each time zone once the universe expanded and cooled within 2-3 seconds. The field of pre-time forces surrounding the universe existed before start of the time, after a single force field opened with a huge explosion the components of this field collapsed by the effect of cooling and thermodynamic expansion after billions of years and trillions of small black mini atomic micro blackholes called "microblackholes" had risen from one single atom.

Half of these mini blackholes was composed of matter and the other half was composed of the antimatter with a different structure. However, even though a long time passed after billions of years, a enormous remnant from these blackholes where is a magnetic charge in the point of singularity existing at the center which started before time dispersed over the universe as a cosmic microwave background radiation. The collision of matter and antimatter resulted in explosions which destroy everything, once the matter and antimatter separated from each other as a result of the fission after this collision, then this resulted in the formation of new particles, and galaxies, stars, planets, anti-planets and human beings in time, this created the universe in the sense we know. Being the first Turkish physicist having addressed to such a Unified field theory for the first time in the last century, Prof. Dr. Behram Kursunoglu (1922-2003) discussed such an approach with Einstein in America Princeton in 1953.

Historical Development of the Unified Field Theory

Foresights of Newton's Gravity Theory: If the ray beams coming from the earth and mercury, turning around the sun and returning have been researched and it has been determined that they reached in a relatively different period, we could meet a logical hypothesis which affirms that this thought experiment is accurate. However, if we consider the Earth and Moon as two identical spheres falling towards the Sun since they have a close position to each other and we base on the proportional rotation periods on their orbit for such kind of a logical experiment, even though the surface area they scan in unit time (they sweep in the space-time) in their rotation orbits around the sun seem as equal, we must reach a conclusion that the earth would fall towards the sun faster than the moon as a result of this magnetization impact caused by the density difference between their central nucleuses between their reduced identical masses though there is a little difference if we recalculate their orbital periods separately. This is because the core nucleus of the earth will be considerably denser compare to the moon in the situation given in this proposition. Within this general framework, Kepler equations of motion written for the celestial bodies core material with the same mass but different density rotating on the same orbit must be reviewed. Because, if R implies the radius and T implies the time, the constant indicated as C is found for all planets in the solar system:

(1.1)

If the radius is given as the Earth orbit radius 149 597 887 km (astronomical unit, AU) and the time is given as one Earth year (y), and if the C constant is taken as D:\KIYAMET GERÇEKLİĞİ KÜLLİYATI Murat Ukray {2006-2012}\BİRLEŞİK ALAN TEORİSİ (Akademik Yazışmalar)\BİRLEŞİK ALAN TEORİSİ (ENGLISH)\Yeni klasör\Yeni Resim (27).png according to (y² /AU³); Today, C constant may be calculated according to MKS system units (sn²/ m³ );

Today, the third law of Kepler may be generated by using Isaac Newton’s (1642-1727) universal law of gravitation. However, exact opposite of this occurred. Newton published the universal law of gravitation in 1687, namely 57 years after the death of Keplerand exploited the third law of Kepler while generating its own law.

The third law is also so important in terms of scientific philosophy. This is because it is evidenced that the movements of each object in the Solar system may be explained with the same rules by this way that is an important stage in the way going towards the universal laws. However, there is a significant point here that the period of rotation in the orbit for two celestial bodies with identical mass but different material density rotating in the same orbit radius must display a little difference. If we add the universal gravitation constant in the periodical rotation in the gravity area including a square root figure, we can find the level of this difference.

Undoubtedly, Newton suggested the Ether Hypothesis which assumes that the space is filled with ether but he could not evidence a mechanic knowledge theory about the content or structure of ether in spite of this. Nevertheless, he was not probably be contented with the insufficient explanations made for such incidents, he talked about the forces among the particles instead of ether when he wrote Principia in 1686, this indicates that Newton seems to approached to philosophically modern theories, such as the string theory or M theory, with such explanations but he could not make an exact interpretation about the existence of a unified field force in Principia. After twenty years from this, Newton have wonderfully foreseen these claims and that the nature may be directed by a unified field force (there must be a single unified force which manages the movement of material particles floating in ether with free status in the nature, namely manages the Electrical, Magnetic and Gravitational field sources) in Latin part of his second work Optics published in 1706 clearly with the following explanation:

..Why do not the small particles of matters have an impact on each other in order not to reflect, refract and curve the light beams remotely by only having an effect on them with a certain power effect or forces but to generate a great part of the natural events? Because, it is well known that the matters have an effect on each other with mass, magnetic and electrical attracts. These examples evidence the existence of a current and tendency in the nature and disable the availability of any other attractive force than above listed ones. Such a situation may probably be considerably more appropriate and convenient for understanding the functioning of the nature..

Problems of Newton’s Theory: Newton's definition is sufficiently correct for a number of practical goals and widely used for this reason. Nondimensional values may be used when both φ/c² and (v/c) are small where φ implies gravitational potential, v implies the velocity of the objects being examined and c implies the velocity of light. For example, Newtonien gravity provides a correct definition of the Earth/Sun system, because;

(1.2)

Where rorbit implies the radius of the orbit of the earth around the sun. In case one of the nondimensional variables is large, general relativity should be used to define the system. General relativity turns into Newton's law of gravity in small potential and low velocity limits. By this reason, Newton’s law of gravity is mostly called as the gravity limit of general relativity.

Theoretical Concerns: There is no possibility to find the gravity mediator immediately. The attempts made by the theoreticians to define the connection between gravitation force and other known fundamental forces have not been concluded yet even though a visible progress had been made for 50 years. Even Newton felt himself insufficient in the issue of unexplainable action at a distance. Newton’s theory requires sudden transmission of gravitational force. Dissemination delay led to unstable orbits in the classical assumptions made about the nature of space and time before the general relativity was developed.

Incompatibility with the Observation: Newton's theory does not completely explain the precessions of the point (perihelion) in the orbit of the planets, particularly Mercury which is nearest to the sun. There is an inconsistency between Newton's presuppositions and observed precession which is equal to 43/3600 degree (43 arc second) resulted from gravitational drags of other planets. The deviation supposed