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[1] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
1.
As shown in the figure , if the equation
2
| | ( 2) x n x = + is having exactly 3 distinct real
solutions , then values of n can be n
1
, n
2
and n
3
.
from figure (a) ,
1
2 n = from figure (b) ,
2
( 2) x x n + = have equal roots.
2
3 4 0 x x n + + + =
Disc. 9 4(4 ) 0 n = + =
2
7 7
4 4
n n = =
from figure (c) ,
2
( 2) x n x + = have equal roots
2
5 4 0 x x n + + =
Disc = 25 4(4 ) 0 n =
3
9 9
4 4
n n = =
9 7
, 2 ,
4 4
n

e
`
)
2.
( )
2 2 2
1
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
x a x b a b b c c a = + +
As shown in in figure , equation have two real and
unequal roots , one of the root lies in ( , ) a and
other root lies in ( , ). b
3. Let three positive real roots be , , . o |
6 o | + + =
3
2

o| | o + + =
8 o| =
for
6
, , , 2 , and
3
AM o | = =
1
3
(8) 2. GM = =
2 AM GM o | = = = =
Now
3
4 4 4 8
2

= + + =
4. Given equation is polynomial of degree 2 but it is
satisfied for more than two roots (i.e. ; x = a , x = b and
x = c)
given equation is an identity , hence having infinite
real roots.
5. By condition for one common root ,
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(2 2 )(2 2 ) ( ) ab a b bc b c ac a c =
2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 ( )
a b b c a c
a b c a c
a b b c a c
| || | | |
=
| | |
\ .\ . \ .
Let common difference be 'D' for the arithmetic
progression
1 1 1
, ,
a b c
a b c
Chapter No -1 ( Quadratic Equations )
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[2] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
4 ( )( ) ( ) ( 2 ) a b c D D a c D =
2
1 1 1
b a c =
1 1 1
, , are in G.P. a b c
6.
4 2 2 2 2
1 ( 1) x x x x + + = +

2 2
( 1)( 1) x x x x = + + +
2 2 4 2
( 1)(1 ) ( 1)( 1) a x x a x x + + = + + +
2 2
( 1)(1 ) ( 1)( 1) a x x a x x + + = + +
2
1 0 x ax + =

for imaginary roots ,

2
4 0 D a = <
( 2 , 2) a e
7.
2 3 4
5 6
(3 4) ( 2)
0
( 5) (2 7)
x x x
x x

s

{ }
4 7
, 5 0
3 2
x
|
e
`
|
. )
integral values of 0 , 2 , 3 , 4 x =
8.
2
5 ( 1) 0 x a x a + + + =
2
( 1) 4(5 ) 0 D a a = + >
2
18 1 0 a a + >
( , 9 4 5) (9 4 5 , ) a e + ...(i)
Let
2
( ) 5 ( 1) f x x a x a = + + +
for exactly one root in (1 , 3) , (1) (3) 0 f f <
(2 6)(4 48) 0 a a + + <
( 12 , 3) a e ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii) , ( 12 , 3) ae
9.
2 2
(20 ) 4(4)(25 15 66) 0 D p p p = + >
66 15 0 p >
22
5
p s
...(i)
Sum of roots 5 4 p = <
4
5
p < ...(ii)
Let
2 2
( ) 4 20 (25 15 66) f x x px p p = + +
2
(2) 0 2 0 f p p > >
( 2)( 1) 0 p p + > ...(iii)
from (i) , (ii) and (iii) , ( , 1) p e
10. 0 3 0 D a s >
[3 , ) a e
11. Let o be the common root
3 4 2
1 0 and 1 0 a a o o o o + + = + + =
3
1
a
o
o

= and
4
2
1
a
o
o

= ( 0) o =
3 4
2
1 1 o o
o o
| | | |
+ +
=
| |
| |
\ . \ .
4 4
1 o o o + = +
1 o =
Now ,
3
1 1 1
2
1
a
o
o

= = =
2 a =
12. Dividing
3 2
by 1 ax bx c x px + + + +
2
Remainder ( ) ( ) 0 b a ap x c ap = + + =
2
and
a b c
p p
a a

= =
2
2 2
0
c a b
a ab c
a a
| |
= =
|
\ .
13. Let
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x a b c x b c a x c a b = + +
(1) 0 1 f x = = is root of ( ) 0 f x = . If ( ) f x is
perfect square , then both the roots of ( ) 0 f x = must
be 1

product of roots =1
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
( ) 2
1
( )
c a b a c
b
a b c a c

= =
+
2 2 2
, , a b c are in H.P. .
14. Let the roots be and p q
2 2 2
(sin 2) 2(1 sin ) p q o o + = + +
2 2 2
5 (sin 1) 5 p q o + = + >
2 2
min
( ) 5 sin 1 p q o + = =
2
t
o =
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[3] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
15.
2
sin cos .sin | u u = ...(i)
2
2
cos 2
4cot 4 4
sin
D
|
|
|
| |
= =
|
\ .
2
2
1 2sin
4
sin
D
|
|
| |

=
|
|
\ .
(Using relation (i))
2
1 2(sin cos )
4
sin
D
u u
|
| |

=
|
\ .
2
sin cos
4
sin
D
u u
|
| |
=
|
\ .
0 D > Real roots
16.
2
2
2
3 2
1
x ax
x R
x x
| |
+ +
< < e
|
|
+ +
\ .
2
2
2
3
1
x ax
x x
+ +
>
+ +

2
( 1 0 ) x x x R + + > e
Now
2
(3 ) 16 0 a + <
( 1)( 7) 0 a a + < ...(i)
Similarly ,
2
2
2
2
1
x ax
x x
+ +
<
+ +
2
(2 ) 4 0 x a x x R + + > e
2
(2 ) 16 0 a <
( 2)( 6) 0 a a + < ...(ii)
conditions on 'a' from (i) and (ii) must hold
simultaneously
( 2 , 1) a e
17. 2 2 4 16 x x + + =
2 4 (16 2 ) (16 2 0) x x x + = > ...(i)
2
(2 4) (16 2 ) x x + =
2
2 33 126 0 x x + =
21
( 6)(2 21) 0 , 6
2
x x x = =
21
2
x = is not applicable because this value of x fails
condition (i)
6 x =
is the only solution.
18.
2 2
( 1) ( 1) 0 ax bx x c x + =
2
0
1 1
x x
a b c
x x
| | | |
+ + =
| |

\ . \ .
If roots of
2
0 ax bx c + + = are o and | , then
or
1
x
x
o | =

or
1
x
x
o | =

or
1 1
x
o |
o |
=
+ +
19. If polynomial function ( ) f x is having root x o = with
multiplicity 3 , then ( ) '( ) "( ) 0 f f f o o o = = =
Let
5 3 2 4 5
( ) 10 f x x a x b x c = + + and the equal roots
be o
Now ,
5 3 2 4 5
( ) 10 0 f a b c o o o o = + + = ...(i)

4 3 4
'( ) 5 20 0 f a b o o o = + = ...(ii)

3 3
''( ) 20 20 0 f a o o = = ...(iii)
a o = (from (iii))
4 4 4
5 20 0 a a b + =
(from (ii))
4 4
15 b a =
Similarly ,
5 5 4 5
10 0 a a b a c + + = (from (i))
4 5 5
9 0 ab c a + =
4 5 5
(15 ) 9 0 a a c a = + =
4 4
( 15 ) b a =
5 5
6 0 c a + =
20. and
b c
a a
o | o| + = =

2 2
(1 )(1 ) o o | | + + + +
2 2
1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o | o| o | o | o| o| = + + + + + + +
2 2
2 2
1
b c b b c c
a a a a a a
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
( )
2 2 2
2
1
a b c ab bc ac
a
+ +
( )
2 2 2
2
1
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
2
a b b c c a
a
+ + >
21. Apply log of base 2 to both sides
( )
2
2 2 2
3 5 1
4 4 2
log x log x log x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
1 2 0
3
log x log x log x
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
3
1 1
, 2 ,
4 2
x =
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[4] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
given equation has two rational and one irrational
roots.
22. Let the remainder when ( ) f x is divided by
2
( 3)( 1) x x be
2
( ) ax bx c + + and the quotient
be ( ) Q x
{ }
2 2
( ) ( ) ( 3)( 1) f x Q x x x ax bx c = + + +
By remainder theorem :
(3) 15 ; (1) (2 1) f f x = = +
(3) (3)(0) 9 3 15 f Q a b c = + + + =
9 3 15 a b c + + =
...(i)
Function ( ) f x can be further arranged as :
} (
2 2
( ) ( ) ( 3)( 1) ( 1) 2 f x Q x x x a x ax bx a c = + + + +
(1) 0 (2 ) (2 1) f x a b a c x = + + + = +
2 2 ; 1 a b c a + = = ...(ii)
from (i) and (ii) , 2 , 3 and 2 a c b = = =
2
Remainder 2 2 3 x x = +
23. Let the roots be o and
2
o
2 2
and ( ) 1
3
a
o o o o + = =
3 2
1 1 , , o o e e = =
Now , for 1 , 6 a o = = (Not applicable) for
, 3 a o e = = (applicable
0 a >
)
24.
2 2 2 2 2
( 1) (2 1) 5 3 0 a x b x x x + + + =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( 2 5) (2 ) 3 0 a b x a b x a b + + + + =
If
2
0 Ax Bx C + + = is satisfied for all , x R e then
0. A B C = = =
2 2
2 5 0 a b + =
...(i)
2 2
2 0 a b =
...(ii)
2 2
3 0 a b + =
...(iii)
from (i) , (ii) and (iii) ,
2
1 a = and
2
2 b =
( , ) (1 , 2) , (1 , 2), ( 1 , 2) and ( 1, 2) a b
25. Disc.
2 2
64 4(16)( 1) 0 k k k = + >
1 k >
...(i)
Sum of roots 8 >
8 8 1 k k > > ...(ii)
If
2 2
( ) 8 16( 1) , f x x kx k k = + + then (4) 0 f >
2
16 32 16( 1) 0 k k k + + >
( 2)( 1) 0 k k > ...(iii)
from (i) , (ii) and (iii) , [2 , ) k e

Smallest value of
2 k =
26.
As shown in above figure , ( ) 0 [1 , 3] f x x < e
(1) 0 and (3) 0 f f < <
(1 3 )(1 3) 0 k k < ...(i)
(3 3 )(3 3) 0 k k < ...(ii)
from (i) and (ii) ,
1
0 ,
3
k
| |
e
|
\ .
27.
{ } 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , .... ,147 , 148 , 149 A =
2
3 0 x x o =
( 3) x x o = ...(i)
In equation (i) , possible integral values of x can be
4 , 5 , 6 , .... , 13.
Total number of possible values of 10 o =
28. If ( 3) , ( 3) , ( 3) ln ln ln
o |
form a G. P. , then
, , o | form an A.P. equation
2
0 x x o | + + =
has real roots
2
4 0 | o >
2
4 ( 2 )
2
o
o | o
+ | |
> = +
|
\ .

2 2
14 o o + >
14
o
o
+ >
2
12 ( , , ) R
o
o |
o
+
| |
> e
|
|
\ .

2 3
o
o
>
29. If y k = is tangent to ( ) , y f x = then the parabolic
curve represented by ( ) f x must be completely below
the x-axis and open downwards
( ) 0 f x x R < e
1
0 2 4 0
2 4 2
a b
f c a b c
| |
= + < + <
|
\ .
30. In a scalene triangle having sides a , b and c.
2 2 2
| | 2 a b c a b ab c < + < ...(i)
2 2 2
| | 2 a c b a c ac b < + < ...(ii)
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[5] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
2 2 2
| | 2 c b a c b cb a < + < ...(iii)
Adding (i) , (ii) and (iii)
2 2 2
2
a b c
ab bc ca

+ +
<
`
+ +

)
Discriminant
2
4( ) 12 ( ) 0 a b c ab bc ac = + + + + >
2 2 2
( ) (2 3 )( ) 0 a b c ab bc ac + + + + + >
2 2 2
1
2
3
a b c
ab bc ac

+ +
s +
`
+ +

)
2 2 2
1
(2 2) 2
3
a b c
ab bc ca

| |
+ +
< + <
|
|
+ +
\ .

4
,
3

| |
e
|
\ .
31.
2
| | | | 0 x x o | = is having roots 'a' and 'b'
| | and | | a b ab o | + = =
If product of root is negative then the roots are opposite
in nature , further sum of roots is positive , hence
positive roots is more in magnitude than the negative
root.
0 and 0 ( | | | |) a b a b < > <
Now it is given that 1 | | b o + <
1 ( ) 1 and 1 a b b a b + + < < >
If
2
| |
1 ,
a
x
log
b
| |
=
|
\ .
then
2
| |
x
a
b
| |
=
|
\ .
| | x b a =
Now magnitude of the above roots is greater than | | a
and | | b
| | x b a = lies in ( , ) b and | | x b a =
lines in ( , ). a
32.
2
cos
8
t
satisfy the equation
2 2
0 x px q + + =
2
2 2 2
cos cos 0
8 8
p q
t t | | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
2
2
cos 1 cos 1
4 4
0
2 2
p q
t t | | | |
+ +
| |
+ + =
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
2
2
1 1 1
1 0
2 2 2 2 2
p q
| | | |
+ + + + =
| |
\ . \ .
2
3 ( 1)
0
8 2 2 2
p p
q
+ | |
+ + + =
|
\ .
Now , 1 0 p + = and
2
3
0
8 2
p
q + + = ( ) , p q Q e
2
1
1 and
8
p q = =
(a) | | | | ( ) | sin | | cos | 0 | sin | | cos | 1 p u u u u + + = + =
(b)
3/ 2
2 2
3
| | (2)
2
log q log

= =
(c)
2
8 4 1 4 5 q p = + =
(d) | | | sin | | cos | 2 1 p u u + + =
33.
2
5 6 0 ( 6)( 1) 0 o o o o s + s
| | 1, 6 o e
2
7 4 3sin( ) x x ax b + = +
2
4 7 3sin( ) x x ax b + + +
2
( 2) 3(1 sin( )) 0 x ax b + + + =
2
2
( 2) 3 sin cos 0
2 2
ax b ax b
x
| + + | | | | |
+ + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
{ }
2 2
0 0 if , p q p q p q R + = = = e
2 and sin cos 0
2 2
ax b ax b
x
+ + | | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
for 2 , tan 1
2
ax b
x
+ | |
= =
|
\ .
2
;
2 4
a b
n n I
t
t
+
= e
If , , a b S e then , [ 1, 6] a be
3 (2 ) 18 a b s + s
min max
for 0 for 3
11
(2 ) and (2 )
2 2
n n
a b a b
t t
= =
+ = + =

34. Let the positive roots be , , a b c and d for the
equation
4 3 2
12 81 0 x x x x o | + + + =
Now
1
12 S a b c d = + + + = and (abcd) = 81
By
1
4
; ( )
4
a b c d
AM GM abcd
+ + + | |
> >
|
\ .
1
1
4
1
(81) 12
4
S
S > >
If
1
12 , S = then AM GM a b c d = = = =
3 a b c d = = = =
Now
4 3 2 4
12 81 ( 3) x x x x x o | + + +
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[6] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
4 3 2
12 81 x x x x o | + + +

4 3 2
12 54 108 81 x x x x + +
54 and 108 o | = =
0.2 05 2
2 0 and 5 2 5 25 log log log
|
o |
o
+ = = =
35. If , , A o | e then , o | lies in (2 , 2)

Both roots of
2
0 x ax b = lies in between 2
and 2 , hence
2
4 0 a b + >
and sum of roots lies in
between 4 and 4.

4 < (sum of roots) < 4

4 4 , | | 4 a a < < <
If
2
( ) f x x ax b = , then (2) 0 f > and ( 2) 0 f >
4 2 0 and 4 2 0 a b a b > + >
(4 ) 2 | | 0 b a >
| | 2
2
b
a <
36. Let ( ) ( ) ( ) g x f x k f x = + +
If ( ) 0 g x = has exactly one real root between
and o | , then ( ) ( ) 0 g g o | <
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f k f f k f o o | | + + + + <
( ) ( ). ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) 0 f k f k f f o | o | + + < = =
Now ,
( )( )
2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 a k b k c a k b k c o o | | + + + + + + + + <
( )
2 2
0 and 0 a b c a b c o o | | + + = + + =
2 2
(2 )(2 ) 0 a k ak bk a k ak bk o | + + + + <
2
( 2 )( 2 ) 0 k ak a b ak a b o | + + + + <
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 ( ) 2 (2 )(2 ) 0 k a k a b ak a b a b o | o | + + + + + + <
2 2 2
2 2
b
k a k a b ak
a
| | | | |
+ + +
| |
\ . \ . \

2 2
4 2 ( ) 0
c
a a b b
a
o |
| | |
+ + + <
| |
\ . .
2 2 2 2
( 4 ) 0 k a k ac b + <
2 2 2
0 4 0 | | a k b ac ak < < < < A
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is
not appropriate.
37. Let
1 2 3
, , A A A be the discriminant of the given
quadratic equations (1) , (2) and (3) respectively
then
2 2 2
1 2 3
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 a b b c c a A +A + A = + + >
1 2 3
0 A +A + A >
At least one of
1 2 3
, , A A A is non-negative
statement (1) is true.
Statement (2) is not true is general , because the
condition many fail if
1 2 3
, , A A A is non-real , hence
statement (2) is valid only for those quadratic equations
which has real coefficients.
38. Given equation can be written as :
2 2
0 if 1 ( 6 10) 1
2 2
x x x x
t t
+ + = s + s
2 2
0 if 2 ( 3) 0 x x x + = s s
2
0 x x + =
is valid only for 3 x =
2
3 2 8 log = =
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.
39.
2
( 1) 1 0 x x + + =
2
( 1) ( 1) 4( 1)
2
x
+ +
=
2
( 1) ( 1) 4
2
x
+ +
=
If roots are integral , then
{ }
2
( 1) 4 + must be a
perfect square which is only possible for one integral
value of ( . . ; 1) i e =
2 4
2 or 2
2
x

= =
Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false.
40. If ( ) 0 f x = has distinct real roots , then
2
( 4 ) b ac is +ve ...(i)
Now , ( )
2
'( ) ( ). "( ) 0 f x f x f x =
2 2
(2 ) ( )(2 ) 0 ax b ax bx c a + + + =
2 2 2 2 2
4 4 2 2 2 0 a x abx b a x abx ac + + =
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 0 a x abx b ac + + =
...(ii)
Discriminant for equation (ii)
2 2 2 2
4 4(2 )( 2 ) D a b a b ac =

2 2 2
4 ( 2 4 ) a b b ac = +

2 2 2 2
4 ( 4 ) 4 ( 4 ) a b ac a b ac = + =
2
0 ( 4 0) D b ac < >
Equation (ii) have non-real roots
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
appropriate.
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[7] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
1.
2 1 1
, , o |
| o
= + are in H.P. .
1 1 1
, ,
o |

are in A.P. .
If , , o | are roots of
3 2
0 , x ax bx b + + = then
roots of
3 2
1 0 bx bx ax = are
1 1 1
, , .
o |
Let the common difference for
1 1 1
, ,
o |
be 'D' .
1 1 1
1 D D
| | |
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .
3
1 3 |
|
= =
Now | is root of
3 2
0 x ax bx b + + =
3 2
0 a b b | | | + + =
27 9 3 0 a b b + + =
9 2 30 3 a b + + =
2.
2 2 2
2
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
o| | o
o|
+ +
2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2
o | o| | o o |
2
| | | |
= + + = + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
Let
2 2
1 1 1
o |
2
+ +
be 'A'.
2
1 1 1
A D D
| | |
| |
= + + +
|
\ .

2
2
1 1 1 1 1
2 D D D
| | | | |
| | | | | | | |
+ + + | | | |
|
\ . \ . \ . \ .
{ } 3 (from solution of (1)) | =
2
2
3 1 1 1 1 1
2
3 3 3 3 3 9
A D D D
| | | | | | | | | |
= + + +
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
2
2 1
1 2
9 9
A D

= +
`
)
2 2
1 1
2 ( 0)
3 2
A D A D = + > >
minimum value of
2 2 2
2
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
o| | o
o|
+ +
is
1
3
3. Roots of
3 2 2
0 x ax ax bx b + + + = are , , o |
, a b o | o| | o + + = + + =
and b o| =
a
b
o |
o|
+ +
=
1 1 1 a
b o| | o
| |
= + +
|
\ .
2
1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 9
a
D D D
b
| | | | | |
= + + +
`
| | |
\ . \ . \ . )
2
1
3
a
D
b
=
2 2
1 2
, Now
3 3
a a b
D D
b b
+
= = +
2
2
( 0)
3
a b
D
b
+ | |
>
|
\ .

4. { }
2
2
1 1
( ) ,
x ax b
f x x R r
x a x b
o
+ +
= e
+ +

from the graph , ( ) f x is increasing ( , ) x r s e
5.
from the graph , ( ) f x has local maxima in ( , ) o
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[8] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
and local minima in ( , ) o | .
6.
from the graph , ( ) f x has two critical points , hence
'( ) 0 f x = has real and distinct roots.
7. If
2
0 , ax bx c x R + + > e then 0 and 0 a D > <

2
(1 ) 0 and 4(3 1) 4( 1)(8 1) 0 m m m m + > + + + <
1 and ( 3) 0 m m m > <
(0 , 3) m e
8. 0 { 1} (0 , 3) D m R > > e ...(i)
If both roots of ( ) 0 f x = are non-negative , then sum
of roots is non-negative and the product of roots is
non-negative
2(3 1) 8 1
0 and 0
1 1
m m
m m
+ +
> >
+ +
1
( , 1) ,
8
m
|
e
|
.
...(ii)
1
1 ,
8
m
| |
e
|
\ .
9. Let roots be 2o and 3o
2 1
5 2
1
m
m
o
+ | |
=
|
+
\ .
and
2
1 8
6
1
m
m
o
+
=
+
2
16 8 1 0 m m =
81 6625
32
m

=
Two possible values of
' ' m
exist.
10.
2 2 2
(2 ) 3 ; ( 0) m x m m x m + + =
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2 3
2
4
3 3
m m
m m
m
o |
o|
| |
| |

|
|
|
\ . +
\ .
= =
| |
|
\ .
2
4 6 0 m m =
1 2 1 2
4 and 6 m m m m + = =
Now
2 2 3 3
1 2 1 2
2 1 1 2
m m m m
m m m m

+
+ =
`

)
3
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
( ) 3 ( ) m m m m m m
P
m m

+ +
=
`

)
136
6
P

=
Value of
3
4
17
P
=
`
)
11. Roots of
2
10 11 0 x cx d = are a and b
10 and 11 a b c ab d + = = ...(i)
2
10 11 0 a ac d =
...(ii)
Roots of
2
10 11 0 x ax b = are c and d
10 and 11 c d a cd b + = = ...(iii)
2
10 11 0 c ac b =
...(iv)
from (i) and (iii)
10 10 a b c d c a + + + = +
9( ) a c b d + = +
121 121 abcd bd ac = =
Now add (ii) and (iv)
2 2
20 11( ) 0 a c ac b d + + =
2
( ) 22 99( ) 0 a c ac a c + + =
( 9( ) ) a c b d + = +
2
( ) 99( ) 22(121) 0 a c a c + + = ( 121) ac =
( 22)( 121) 0 a c a c + + + =
{ } 121 22 121 a c a c ac + = + = =
Now , ( ) 9( ) 9(121) b d a c + = + =
1
1210 ( ) 2
605
a b c d a b c d + + + = + + + =
12. Let purely real and purely imaginary roots of
2
0 x ax b + + = be and o | respectively. .
and a b o | o| + = = ...(i)
Now , ( ) a o | + =
( ) a o | o o + = = ...(ii)
from (i) and (ii)
( ) ( ) a a o | o | + + + =
2 ( ) a a o = + ( ) | | =
( )
2
a a
o
+
= ...(iii)
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[9] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
( ) ( ) a a o | o | + + = +
2 ( ) ( ) a a | | | = =
2
a a
|
| |

=
|
|
\ .
...(iv)
from (iii) and (iv)
2 2
( )
( )
4
a a
b b o| o|
| |

= = =
|
|
\ .

2 2
( )
2
2
a a
b


=
`

)
13.
4 3 2
( 1) ( 1) 2 0 x a x x a x + + + + =
4 2 3
( 2) ( 1)( ) 0 x x a x x + + =
2 2 2
( 2)( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 0 x x a x x + + =
2 2
( 1)( ( 1) 2) 0 x x a x + + =
2
( 1)( 1)( ( 1) 2) 0 x x x a x + + + =
If the above equation is having at least two distinct
positive real roots , then the equation
2
( 1) 2 0 x a x + + = must have at least one positive
root other than
1 x =
2
( 1) 2 0 x a x + + =
Now the product of root is 2 , hence the
equation must have both roots positive
Sum ( 1) 0 1 a a = + > > ...(i)
and discriminant
2
( 1) 8 0 a = + >
| 1| 2 2 a + >
) (
, 1 2 2 2 2 1 , a
(
e

...(ii)
from (i) and (ii) , )
2 2 1 , a

e

minimum integral value of

2 a =
14. Let the common root be o
3 2
2 3 4 0 a b c d o o o + + + =
...(i)
2
0 a b c o o + + =
...(ii)
3 2
0 a b c o o o + + =
...(iii)
Subtract (iii) from (i)
2
2 4 0 b c d o o + + =
...(iv)
Now , equations (ii) and (iv) are consistent for one
common value of o
2 2 2
(2 )(4 2 ) ( 4 ) ac b bd c bc ad =
2 2 2
2( 2 )( 2 ) ( 4 ) b ac c bd bc ad =
2 2 2
1
( 2 )( 2 ) ( 4 )
2
b ac c bd bc ad =
2 2
( 2 )( 2 ) 0 b ac c bd >
minimum value of
2 2
( 2 )( 2 ) b ac c bd is 0
15.
2
2 19 92 0 ; x nx n n I + = e
If roots are rational , then discriminant must be a perfect
square
2
4 4( 19 92) D n n =
2
4( 19 92) D n n = + +
Let
2 2
19 92 ; n n m m I + + = e
2 2
19 92 0 n n m + + =
2
19 4 7
;
2
m
n n I

= e
If n is integer , then
2
(4 7) m must be a perfect
square of odd integer.
2 2
4 7 (2 1) ; m k k I = + e
2 2
4 (2 1) 7 m k + =
(2 2 1)(2 2 1) 7 m k m k + + =
one factor must be 1 and other 7 or one factor
must be 1 and other 7
2 2 1 1 m k + + = and 2 2 1 7 m k =
2 m =
2 2 1 1 and 2 2 1 7 m k m k + + = =
2 m =
Similarly for other set of factors , 2 m =
2 m =
2
19 4(2) 7
2
n
+
=
8 or 11 n =
min
| | 8 n =
16. (a) Let consecutive integral roots be n and (n +1)
1 and ( 1) n n b n n c + + = + =
2
2 ( 1) and n b n n c = + =
2
1 1
2 2
b b
c
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
2
1 4 b c =
2
( 4 ) 1 b c =
(b) Let
2
( ) 6 7 f x x x = +
2
( ) ( 3) 2 f x x =
{ }
min
( ) 2 at 3 f x x = =
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[10] Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions)
(c)
2
1 3 4 x =
2
| 1| 3 4 x =
2
| 1| 7 or 1 x =
2
| 1| 7 x = ( | ( ) | 0) f x >
2
1 7 x =
2
8 or 6 x =
2
2 2 ( 6) x x = =
(d) ( ) | 2 4 | | 4 6 | f x x x = +
minimum value of
3
( ) min (2) ,
2
f x f f
| |
=
` |
\ . )
3
min of ( ) 1
2
f x f
| |
= =
|
\ .
17. (a)
2 2
( 2) ( 2) 1 0 x x x R + + + < e
2 2 2
( 2) 0 and ( 2) 4( 2) 0 + < + + + <
( 2)( 1) 0 and ( 2)(5 2) 0 + < + <
2
2 ,
5

| |
e
|
\ .
(b)
2
5 5 1 Sum = + <
( 1)( 4) 0 < ...(i)
Product
2
2 3 4 1 = <
( 1)(2 5) 0 + < ...(ii)
from (i) and (ii)
5
1 ,
2

| |
e
|
\ .
(c) (5) (12) 169
x x
+ >
for
2 2
2 ; (5) (12) 169 x = + =
2 x >
is applicable
(2 , ) x e
(d)
2 2 2
( 8 1) 4(2)( 4 ) 0 D a a a a = + + >
and product
2
4
0
2
a a
| |

= <
|
|
\ .
If
2
( 4 ) 0 , a a < then
0 D >
(0 , 4) a e
18.
2
( ) f x ax bx c = + +
If 'a' is positive then parabolic curve is open upward.
If
0 D >
then parabolic curve meet the x-axis at two
distinct points vertex point for ( ) f x is ,
2 4
b D
a a
| |

|
\ .
If
2
b
a

is positive then vertex point lies toward

right of y-axis.
If
2
b
a
| |

|
\ .
is negative , then vertex point lies toward
left of y-axis.