t

Stefan Marinov

^^

THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH

Part VI

Documents on the

violation of the laws

of conservation

C EST-OVEST
Editrlce Internazlonale

Stefan Marinovw

1
M'

THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH

Part VI

Documents on the

violation of tlie laws

of conservation

C EST-OVEST
Editrlce Internazionalo

Published in Austria

by
International Publishers East-West

International Publishers East-West

Marinov

First published in 1989

Addresses of the International Publishers East-West Affiliates:

AUSTRIA Morrellenfeldgasse 16, 8010 Graz. BULGARIA ul. Elin Pelin 22, 1421 Sofia. Tel.
ITALY

(02) 66.73.78.

via

Puggia 47. 16131 Genova. Tel. (010) 3L59.78.

YMHUfl MEJIOBEK 0TJ1MMAETC5I OT rJlYnOrO

TEM, MTO MOJIMMT, KOFilA EMY HEMEFO CKA3ATb.
JlMCTAfl

COBPEMEHHblE (DH3HMECKME lYPHAJIbl,

^ H rOBOPK) CEBE:

"BOXE MOR

OflHM MZlHOTbl!"

IF OUR CONCEPTS INFLUENCE THE MEASURE-NUMBERS

WHICH ARE TO BE TESTED IN THE LABORATORY, THEY

ARE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS. IF NOT, THEY MAY BE GOOD

OR BAD PHILOSOPHY. BUT THEY ARE NOT PHYSICS.

ICH HAB NOCH NICHT ERLEBT, DASS EINE MASCHINE,

DIE IN DEN SCHRIFTEN DER PHILOSOPHEN PERFEKT

BESCHRIEBEN WIRD, DANN IN DER PRAXIS AUCH

GENAUSO PERFEKT FUNKTIONIERT.

Umber to ECCO (II nome dell a rosa)

A MAN WHO HAS BOUGHT A THEORY WILL FIGHT A VIGOROUS REARGUARD ACTION AGAINST FACTS.

Joseph ALSOP

GIVE ME A SPONSOR, AND

SHALL

OVERTURN THE WORLD.

ARCHIMEDES (287-212)

TeSLA VAS QUire R.U3HT, ^ND ALL THe TCXTBOOKS

IN Ttie

w5TeI^N u;oizld Atze ^ire vi^ong.

Trying to constrain conventional physics to jump through the circle of the violation
of the laws of conservation, OR:
In o
11

roM, h o com,
lll.mri
,

HCC

hUt O

K'M.

- 5 -

PREFACE
The sixth part of the collection of documents THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH (TWT) is dedicated quite the whole to the problem about the violation of Newton's third law by the help of inertial forces, with a special attention to the centrifugal inertial forces.

At the present time I can affirm wWi 6uAzty that Newton's third law can be violated in the domain of electromagnet ism as, according to Grassmann's formula which is a direct

result of the fundamental Newton-Lorentz equation, the interaction between current elements violates this law. I observed violations of the angular momentum conservation law (thus of Newton's third law) with my Bui -Cub machine without stator (presented in TWT-III) and with my Rotating Ampere Bridge with Displacement Current (RABDC) (presented in TWTIII and TWT- IV), insofar as isolated material systems have been set in rotational motion by the help of internal magnetic forces.
In the domain of mechanics there are many reports about violations of Newton's third law (Dean, Cook, Zorzi+Speri, Reid, Laskowitz, Farrall, Foster, di Bella, Auweele, Novak, Nowlin, Goldschmidt, Matyas, Cuff, Kellogg, Young, Wallace, Lathwaite, Strachan, Kidd). According to my opinion Cook, Laithwaite (whom I met in September 1988 in London) and Kidd have registered experimental successes.

In this book I analyze in detail the Dean, Cook and Zorzi-Speri drives, all of which are based on the fundamental Blihler drive, and I show that all inventors have concentrated their efforts searching for violation of the momentum conservation law but nobody has tried to construct machines which will violate the energy conservation law. Meanwhile momentum is a vectorial (and thus noh-dissipative) quantity, while energy is a scalar (and thus dissipative) quantity,, and it should be technologically much more easy to violate the energy conservation law by the help of inertial forces.
In the last months rumours go around the world that Sandy Kidd has dallnitoJiy succeeded in violating the momentum conservation law by the help of gyroscopic inertial forces. On the next page I reproduce a part of the letter of my friend George Hathaway from Toronto to my friend Stefan Hartmann from Berlin. Hathaway has recently examined Kidd's drive and here is the transcription of his report:

Dear Stefan,

15 May 1989

Regarding the Searl Effect, there is one company in California which is trying to develop a Searl -Effect power generator, but John Searl himself says that there are
still difficulties in working out a deal with them. He is no longer working with

companies in levitation but solely in energy production, as far as

know.

do

know about Sandy Kidd's device^ having met him two weeks ago in Scotland. Yes, they do exhibit several hundred grams of thrust (from a 7 kg machine) and he is

working an advanced design for an Australian Company. However, the energy required 10to make a gyro-propelled device such as his lift itself has been estimated at
15 kW per 5 kg, and requires masses

spinning at 20,000

50,000 rpm. This presents

.

many difficulties with bearing design, strength of materials and safety

to me that if this technology
is

It appears

to be developed, it should be primarily for deepa

space applications as its usefulness in near-earth

surface applications is greatly

I

limited. Cook's device is not force-precessed gyro device and

do not put any em-

phasis on non-gyro mechanical devices.

Cheers,

George Hathaway

' 6 -

HATHAWAY
^..^m.,^,., -iKi^ CONSULTING

,t

k.no*l Av.hu.
c*n*o* M.mt.
(4.

Toronto, Ontario

SERVICES

)>

odcajf

'c^^

>i^/u-

/A

^<

fU

yt\^^^/^ CJcyif'ffU^Y^ (yk^kZ4rrCf

A^^>foJ?(A^

Mc^(-

J^^
Yei^

//^O'

C^'Cl J ^iJju-cJP^&^/K^

7^0

CJtlfu

^J^

/^

Jcoffa^/-

/^

^/Y//

...^^^^^ c//u.f^/

^^^jP y^u^^

,h^pS<^
This letter shows that people are no more troubled about the problem whether Newton's third law can be violated or not, as this problem is answered positively. Now Kidd is solving the ENGINEERING aspect of the inertial thrust. We thus see again the story with the Wright brothers. The Wrights fly in the sky, meanwhile the scientists affirm that this is not possible. Cook, Lathwaite, Kidd propulse machines with mechanical internal forces, Marinov rotates machines with magnetic internal forces and the scientists all over the world play the fool as these machines do not exist. But in physics it is not the majority which decides what is true and what is wrong, and soon the "established scientists will recognize that Newton's third law can be violated. In this volume the book of Dickinson on Cook's drive is reproduced which was kindly sent to me by my USA informant Mr. Henry Palka.

publish in this volume also two papers on the Dean drive. The Dean drive was unsucI cessful but this drive was an important pace which led to the Cook drive and to the Zorzi-Speri drive. These papers are also a precious gift of Mr. Palka.

publish my description of the fantastic machine of Stefano Ricciardi, a paper pubI lished by me in ELECTRONICS AND WIRELESS WORLD on the ball-bearing motor, and an almost forgotten paper of Michel son which shows that Michel son was able to measure the Earth's absolute velocity, as in 1913 he has constructed an experiment for measurement of the two-way light velocity which TECHNICALLY is identical with my interferometric "coupled mirrors" experiment for measurement of the one-way light velocity.
Then I publish (partly) two historical papers of Zamboni on his eternal electromotor. Since 150 years a clock in the Clarendon Laboratory in Oxford is driven by Zamboni 's dry batteries but official science suppresses the information on this first perpetuum mobile.

Two papers of my friend Pappas follow. Then I publish the dialogue stimulated by the letter of Claude Sunier in RAUM UND ZEIT on TESTATIKA, my report on TESTATIKA published in RAUM UND ZEIT and the report of Don Kelly. The final part of the book presents my routine correspondence which came to light after the publication of TWT-V.

Graz, 24 July 1989

Stefan MARINOV

Stefan Marinov in Niederschbckl

1984

8 -

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Prediction: Revoiution in Russia in 1988

Editor's Note: A Soul Magazine reader from Australia, Mr. Gordon Bridges, wrote to us in July:

Cardinal Lubachivsky is the Archbishop Major and Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Catholics. Stationed in

At
the

that tfme people laughed at his

prediction.

And

then

in

1938 he said
1,

war

will start
it

on September
really

"In Sydney's Catholic IVeeklythen recently appeared a statement from Cardinal Lubachivsky that there is a French prophet in Corsica who predicts the

Rome, he is
Slipyj

the successor of Cardinal

1939, exactly as

happened.

end of Communism

in the

who, on behalf of the World Apostolate of Fatima (The Blue Army), presented over two million petitions to Pope Paul VI for the ColConsecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Following is the article published in the Christian Voice under the title
legiul

From
ously.

that time the

treat the prophecies

world began to of Delorm seri-

They were widely published

staning in 1950.

U.S.S.R. will coincide with the millennium of the Ukrainian Church in "
1988.

Mr. Bridges suggested that we mention this in Soul Magazine. Therefore we wrote to Cardinal
Lubachivsky for verification.

"Curious News":

On August
replied:

IS His

Eminence

On the island of Corsica there lives a man known throughout the world because of his predictions: Julian
Delorm.
In 1931 he predicted the coming to power of Hitler and the subsequent war of Germany against the world,

He foresaw the coming of the U.S.S.R. armies into Hungary, the death of DeGaulle; the assasination of President Kennedy; the war between Iran and Iraq; and many other world events which came true exactly as he
predicted.

"...

am

sending to you the Uk-

rainian copy of

"Curious News"
Christian Voice

which appeared

in the

an upCaucasus and the Ukraine after which all the Federal Socialist Republics will separate from the Soviet empire one
predicts that in 1988
rising will take place in the

Delorm

together with a translation."

including the

fall

of France.

after the other.

PREDICTION: COUNTERREVOLUTION IN RUSSIA IN 1990

Ko'jhMa IlpyiKOB, noqnuaKUUiH b hhtom paticKOM Kpyry, iiocjkui HSAarejio
C.I

THPHOBOrO nyiM

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pa^^ty

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-iiioxa
II

iipoiutCT onn lunHaiibCM r.nacHocri.. Bar roiAa roc6c3onacHoc'n.

iioA

iipiiiioMHHT najmt HNX?Ha.

10 -

SCIENTIFIC

PAPERS

WITH THE INVENTORS OF THE ZORZI-SPERI DRIVE:

Roberto Monti.
Piero Zorzi
.

Stefan Marinov,
1989)

Omero Speri

(Garda. April

11 -

MACHINES VIOLATING NEWTON'S THIRD LAW

Stefan Marinov

Institute for Fundamental Physics

Morel! enfeldgasse 16 A-8010 Graz, Austria

Abstract

point out that there is a substantial difference between potential for,

ces (gravitational, electric, magnetic) and inertial forces (collisional

centri-

fugal, Coriolis, gyroscopic). The theory shows that for gravitational and electric forces Newton's third law is preserved, however for magnetic forces it can be

violated (my Bui -Cub machine without stator and my Rotating Ampere Bridge with

Displacement Current have demonstrated such violations). For collisional forces

Newton's third law is also preserved but for centrifugal and gyroscopic forces
it can be violated.
I

analyse in detail the machines of Dean, Cook and Zorzi-Speri

and

show that all inventors have tried to violate the momentum conservation law
inertial forces, meanwhile it is technologically much

by the help of centrifugal

more easier to violate the energy conservation law.

1.

INTRODUCTION

This article is dedicated to the "anti -gravitational" machines which use inertial

centrifugal forces for their drive.

First
I

set a clear border-line between the potential and inertial forces, as in to-

day's physics, under the pernicious influence of the theory of general relativity, this

border has become very blurred.

show that for gravitational and electric (electrostatic)

forces Newton's third law is valid, but for magnetic forces it can be violated. The question is whether Newton's third law can be violated for inertial forces.
I.

show

that for collisional forces it cannot be violated and

analyse to which extent was it

I

violated by centrifugal forces.

do not analyse the Coriolis forces and

mention only

briefly the last successes of Sandy Kidd in violating this law by the help of gyro forces.
I

present the machine of Norman Dean, of which the world has talked very much, then

the machine of Robert Cook, of which the world talked very little, and finally the machine

of my Italian friends. Dr. Piero Zorzi and Prof. Omero Speri

which is unknown to the

world, although it was constructed ten years ago.

I

show that the "anti -Newton" inventors have concentrated their attention to the law of

- 12 -

Marinov

momentum conservation

and have searched for ways to set an isolated system in motion by

the help of internal forces, i.e., to create "unpaid momentum". Nobody has even posed the

question to create "unpaid energy" by the help of internal forces. Meantime the solution
of the second task seems to me to be much more easier.
I

propose very simple experiments with the BUhler drive (see sect. 8) for producing

energy by the help of centrifugal inertial forces.

Momentum is
in a

a vectorial

quantity, energy is a scalar quantity. Energy can be obtained

dissipative form (heat) but momentum cannot be obtained in a dissipative form. For

this reason, according to me, the way on which the anti-Newton researchers have looked

for "wonders" was not the most easy. One must try first to produce "unpaid" energy by

the help of internal inertial forces and then to search for ways tojjroduce "unpaid mo-

mentum".
.

The BUhler drive (see sect. 4) is the most simple machine which for half a period ima

parts momentum and energy to

certain mass by the help of inertial forces and for the

other half of the period annihilates these momentum and energy. All researchers have

searched for tricks how to change the sign

of the imparted momenta during the second

parts of the periods but none has tried to change the sign
I

of the energies.

turn the attention of the inventors exactly to this second convenient possibility.

2.

POTENTIAL FORCES AND KINETIC FORCES

1

As

showed in Ref.

and

if,

the notion "force" is very complicated and if one

wishes to make physics clear, one has to operate with the axiomatic notion "energy",

introducing the notion "force" as

cal

mathematically derived quantity from the axiomati-

(and undefinable ) quantities energy, space (length) and time.

Such is my appr6ach into physics and

damental works
I

strictly adhere to this approach in my fun-

2 *

and in everyone of my papers.

consider only two physical domains: gravimagretism and electromagnetism. The po-

tential energiesof two particles with masses m,, m^ and electric charges q,, q^ which

move with the velocities v., v^ in absolute space are

r(l -v5/c2)l/^(l-v^/c'^)l/2

^
*

_ j3 -

Marinov

g"

Vr(l-v2/c2)l/2(l-v|/c2)l/2
Ug
=

c^r
(3)

qiq2/r.

Wg = qjq2Vi.V2/c^r.
W

(4)

where U

are, respectively, their gravitational, magretic, electric and

magnetic enrgies, c is the velocity of light, y is the gravitational constant, r is

the distance between the particles, and the approximation in (1) and (2) is taken

when v?/c2

1,

yhc^

1.

introduce the notion "magretic energy" in my theory

hypothetical ly

in analogy to the quantity "magnetic energy". Taking into account that

for gravitational interactions one can assume v^/c

1,

V2/C

1,

and moreover that

the masses are only "positive" and thus the gravitational interaction between

them

can be not neutralized, as this is possible to do in electromagnetism, where the charges are "positive" and "negative", the manifestation of the magretic energy can be

experimentally not observed (at least at the present state of experimental technique)
and one can accept (as
I

also do) that such an energy does not exist.

Potential of a system of particles at a certain reference point (gravitational,

electric or magnetic potential) is the respective potential energy with all particles
of the system of a particle with unit mass, m, or unit electric charge, q, or unit

electric current, qv/c, placed at this reference point.

As the gravitational potential of the mass of the whole world at any point of cosmic

space is^

'

^^ ^

= - c^, I "Ydni/r V

(5)

where the volume V of integration is the whole world, we see, throwing a look at (1),
that the gravitational energy of a mass m with the mass of the whole world is
=
-

U^^

mc2/(l

vV)^/^

(6)

where v is the velocity of this mass. This energy taken with an opposite sign is called
by me time energy of the particle.

For v ^

it is denoted by e^ and is called proper

time energy
e^

for v

it is denoted by e and is called universal

-

time energy

Thus

mc2/(l

v^/c^)^/^

^^Z

^ ^^2^,^

e +

e.

(7)

. 1^ .

Marinov

where

e,^

mv II is called kinetic time energy (shortly, kinetic energy ).

The fundamental axiomatical equation of my theory is the so-called law of energy

conservation
dUg + dUg + dWg + dU^
= 0.

(8)

where U

are the gravitational, electric and magnetic energies of the "test"

particle with some system of particles and U^ is its world gravitational energy. Ob-

viously U
g

can

be unified with U^ in one symbol, as we always do when the gravitatiow

nal

energy with the near standing masses is negligible with respect to the electric
of
(3),
'

and magnetic energies

these masses.
(4) and (6)

Putting (1),
calculations^
'

into (8), we obtain by the help of s&r'j simple

the following fundamental equations of motion in the domains of gra-

vitation and electromagnetism

dp^/dt
= -

aUg/3r.

(9)

>o^aw^/av)=-A(u^.w^).
where the quantities
Fg
=
-

(10)

aUg/3r.

F^

9(U^-Wg)/ar

(11)

are called, respectively, gravitational and electromagnetic potential forces acting

on the particle m from the side of the considered system of particles,

Po
is called proper

"^0

"^/^l

vV)^/^

p/(l

vV)^/^

(12)
is cal-

momentum ,

p is called universal momentum , v

led proper velocity ,

y is called universal

velocity ,

and

are called simple kinetic force (or shortly only kinetic force ) and full kinetic force

of the particle m.
I

call

(9) the Newto n equation (i.e., the Newton equation in gravitation) and (10)
If we

the Newton- Lorentz equation (i.e.. the Newton equation in electromagnetism).

assume v/c

0, we are in the domain of low- velocity physics and if we assume v/c / 0,

. 15 -

Marinov

we are in the domain of high-velocity physics

We can immediately see^

(1 2)
* '

that in gravitation the simple kinetic forces of two

interacting particles (and consequently of two interacting systems of particles) are

equal and oppositely directed, while in electromagnetism only their full
ces are equal and oppositely directed, i.e.,
in gravitation: ^i call
= ~

kinetic for-

^p*

^" electromagnetism: ^^ = " ^2*

^^^^

the first equation (14) the simple Newton third law (or shortly Newton

'

third law) and the second equation (14) the full Newton third law.
It is easy to see that if

d(aWg/9Vj)/dt ^

d(8Wg/3V2)/dt,

(15)

as it may occur, the simple Newton third law in electromagnetism can be violated.
I

was the first who constructed experiments where the simple Newton third law in
'

electromagnetism was violated. Those are my Bui -Cub machine without stator^
Rotating Ampere Bridge with Displacement Current^
'.

and my

However in gravitation, as well as in electricity (i.e., in electrostatics), the

simple Newton third law can be not violated. Thus by the help of gravitational and

electric
a

(i.e., electrostatic) forces one is unable to put an isolated system into

a

propulsive or rotating motion as

whole, but with magnetic forces one can, as

have splendidly demonstrated with my above mentioned machines. The so-called elastic forces are, as a matter of fact, electric forces. Thus for elastic forces Newton's third law is preserved.

3.

INERTIAL FORCES

If a particle encounters another particle, because the one moves with a certain

constant velocity with respect to the other (we assume that between them there is no
potential energy), a change in their momenta, p,, p^, takes place.
In this case the

kinetic force of the one particle, taken with

negative sign, is the "potential"

force acting on the other particle. These forces however have nc^ the physical and

mathematical substance of the actual potential forces, which depend on the distance
between the particles and on their masses, electric charges and electric currents*

- 16 -

Marinov

and

call them collision forces

The fundamental equation of motion for collision

forces is to be written not in the form (9) but in the form

dpj/dt

dp^/dt,

i.e..

^1 = " ^2

^^^^

and thus for collision forces Newton's third law is preserved.

Let us now have a system of particles, the distances between which are kept con-

stant by the help of elastic, i.e., electric, energy. If this system is set into rotation about some axis, on the different particles of the system centrifugal forces

begin to act. If the particles move on

rotating body, the so-called Coriolis forces

appear. And if on a rotating body some external force act, the so-called gyroscopic
forces appear.
I

call

the collision, centrifugal, Coriolis and gyroscopic forces with the coninon
.

name ir.ertial forces

tial
I

In this paper

shall pay attention only to the centrifugal -ineH

forces.

repeat, t\e centrifugal -inertial forces appear not as a result of the existence
It

of some kind of potential energy.

is clear that if a rigid body hits another rigid

body or if a rigid body rotates, then the inertial forces manifest themselves through
the appearing elastic potential forces of deformation, however the physical essence
of the inertial forces comes not from the elastic potential energy inherent to the

body's molecules. The appearing elastic potential forces are results but not causes

meanwhile if an apple is attracted by the Earth, the cause for this force is the gravitational potential energy between the apple and the Earth. The cause for the centrifugal forces is the rotation of the body.

The problem concerning the inertial forces is very delicate and although many

thinkers, beginning with Galileo and Newton, have tried to clear it, until the present day it remains covered in
a

heavy fog. A proof that the inertial forces have

been not understood by the big physicists offers the fact that

none of them has rea-

lized that inertial forces can violate Newton's third law and none of them has con-

structed a machine demonstrating such

violation.

Neither has somebody believed

that by the help of fnertial forces one can violate the energy conservation law.

17 -

Marinov

4. THE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

A body on which no potential

forces act must move with a uniform velocity, as equa-

tions (9) and (12) show. This is the assertion of Newton's first law. Newton's second
law are equations (9) and (10) and Newton's third law are equations (14). Thus New-

ton's first and third law are mathematical results of Newton's second law. These laws
are valid only for the case when there is potential energy between the particles of
the considered system.
If now a body is constrained to move along a circular path, a certain force will

act on it, aiming to preserve its uniform motion

The mathematical calculation of

this force is very simple (fig. 1): Let us assume that a particle moves with the

constant momentm p (we shall work in low-velocity physics). If we wish to keep this
particle moving always at the same distance R from a certain point in the plane determined by this point and the particle's momentum, then for
a

time dt, for which

the angle of rotation is fidt, where Q is the angular velocity of rotation, the par-

ticle must change its momentum with dp. From the geometry we obtain

dp/p
so that

Rfidt/R,

(17)

dp/dt

pJ^

= mvJ^ = mv'^/R = mRfi^,

(18)

and dp is directed always from the particle to the center of rotation. The inertial

force with which the particle resists to this change is the centrifugal force which
is

directed in the opposite direction

Thus the fcDrce f

dp/dt

is caused by

the elastic forces of the constraints (say, the elstic forces of the string with

which the particle is attached to the point of rotation) and we call it centripetal
force, while the force

f^

dp/dt is the centrifugal force which appears because

the particle is not let to move uniformly.

Conventional physics, comparing equations (9), (11) and (18), is inclined to consider the force
F =

mv^/R

(19)

as "potential

force". This is a very noxious aberration. The centrifugal force is

- 18 -

Marlnov

not a potential

force, as it is not generated by the potential energy of interacting

particles. This force is an inertial force and has a completely different physical
r,H mathematical substance, and m=ifh^m^f^^:ii c..Kcf;inr<

^^ ^^^^ potential forces appear always with a respective g^^^gy change, while centrifugal forces appear without.

To make more clear the forces which appear when a mass rotates about an axis, which
is rigidly

connected to

heavier system of masses, let us consider figs.

and 3. We

take two synchronously rotating masses, so that the projections of their radius-vectors on the X- and y-axes have always equal magnitudes. Now if choosing the x-axis to
be this one along which the projections of the radius-vectors of the masses have

always the same sign and the y-axis to be this one along which these projections
have always opposite signs, then the net centrifugal force acting on the whole system will be always directed along the x-axis and will have the value
F = 2mRfi^sin(nt),

(20)

where m is the mass of anyone of the revolving bodies, R is the radius of rotation,
n is the angular velocity and for
It is
t =

the rotating bodies lie on the y-axIs.

clear that when both ice-skaters in fig. 2 swing both heavy balls overhead,

they will move for half a period dt a certain distance forward and then for the other Such synchronously rgtatinq masses gemotion nerating half of the period at the same distance backwards..nerating an oscillating motir- are known under the name Blihler drive
.

The motion of the whole system can be seen more clearly in fig. 3 which is the

scheme of the historic Dean's apparatus. But here we shall suppose that the buffers
F.

and Fp

(I

have called them also "fingers") are taken away and that the platform P

can move in paallel to the x-axis (i.e., to the left and to the right) being attached with the four springs to the walls A and B. The electromotors EM^ and EM2 rotate

synchronously and now we shall consider the big wagon solid to the laboratory (i.e.,
solid to the Earth).
I

shall show with a very simple experiment that the physical essence of the cen-

trifugal- inertial

forces is not clear. Let first the platform P be solid to the

F.

wagon, i.e., let us assume that four buffers like

and F^ are placed on the left

and on the right of the platform. We set the masses into rotational motion with a

certain angular velocity and switch off the motors. Because of the friction, the rotors will come at rest in
a

certain time

T.

If there

is no

friction, the rotors will

_ 19 -

Marinov

rotate eternally with the same angular velocity.

Let then take away all four buffers, so that the platform can oscillate between the walls A and B pressing and pulling the springs. We set the masses again in rota-

tion with the same angular velocity and switch off the motors. If the springs are
ideal, i.e., if there are no heat losses because of the appearing deformations, the

rotors will come at rest during the same time T as for the case where the platform was fixed to the wagon. Now
I

pose the question: If the pressing and

pulling of

the springs they become hot, because they are not ideal, i.e., if the platform will

do work during its oscillations, will the rotors come at rest in a shorter time than
T (as the energy conservation law should require) or this time will remain equal to T?

Conventional physics surely will defend the first alternative but

am sure that

Nature will demonstrate that the second alternative is the right one.
None in this world has posed this question and consequently none has done such an

experiment to see which will be the answer of Nature.

On the other side, the mathematical solution of this problem is so complicated

that

think it cannot be carried out. The first step for solving the problem mathema-r

tically is to assume that there is no friction and there are no springs. Then, ac-

cording to the energy conservation law, the rotors must rotate eternally and the

platform has to oscillate eternally. The first problem

is to find the trajectory of

the masses in the laboratory, assuming that the mass of the platform is M.
to see that the trajectory of the rotating masses will

It is easy

be extremely complicated and,

I

according to me, this trajectory can be not found analytically.

pose this problem

I

to the mathematicians, especially to the "computerized" mathematicians but

know

that nobody will try to solve it.

I

cannot, however, accept the assertion of conventional physics that the time in

which the rotating masses will come at rest will depend on the fact whether the springs
become hot or not.
Thus the centrifugal-inertial

forces in fig. 3 can accelerate some masses which

are put on the way of the platform and thus create kinetic energy, but they can bring
the platform only in oscillatory motion,

i.e., the average kinetic energy which they

. 20 -

'

Marinov

transmit to the platform

is

zero.

Thus, according to me, the oscillatory platform in fig. 3 can violate the energy

conservation law, but it cannot violate the momentum conservation law, i.e., Newton's
third law. Many scientists (better to say, many "cranks") have tried to find tricks

permitting to bring the platform or the whole wagon into

to violate Newton's third law.
I

propulsive motion and thus

shall consider here shortly ttreetricks proposed by

Norman Dean,

Robert Cook,

and Zorzi and Speri

5.

DEAN'S APPARATUS
'

In the articles of Campbell'

and Stine'

'

the reader can find interesting histo-

rical

information on the Dean's drive, although the technical description (which is

the most important) is extremely poor and there are many boring pages. Those are,

however, the most authentic presentations of Dean's apparatus (or, better to say, of
the story about Dean's apparatus) as in the articles written by second hands in other

American and European journals there are many exaggerations and lies.
A relatively good technical description, evaluation and explanation of Dean's

apparatus is given by Dickinson^

lordt's compendium'
'.
I

'

(pp.

47-49). One can see Dean's patent in Mie-

must note, however, that in the patent not a self-propul-

sing apparatus is described, as in Dean's patent during the times when the centrifugal forces act backwards, the wheels of the wagon (see fig. 3) are braked and only

during the times when the centrifugal forces act forwards

the

wagon is free to move;

thus it propulses by jerks. Such an apparatus, obviously, does not violate Newton's

third law.

Later Dean lanced the idea that the wheels of the wagon can remain free all the
time but nevertheless it will propulse from the left to the right. He demonstrated
a

machine which manifested such

propulsion and put on

balance "lost

weight" when

set in action, as many witnesses have testified.

Dean's apparatus (fig. 3) thus consists of a platform put on a wagon. The two syn-

chronously rotating masses generate the net centrifugal force {ZO). The platform
cannot move with respect to the wagon to the right, as the buffers
F.

and

F.^

block

- 21 -

Marinov

the rightwards motion. The platform, however, can move to the left and this motion
is

limited only by the action of the four springs.

Dean supposes that, because of the "hard" contact between platform and wagon right-

wards and of the "soft" contact leftwards, the net impulse rightwards will be bigger
then the net impulse leftwards. Thus the whole wagon will begin to move rightwards

violating Newton's third law.

In fig.
4
I

have drawn the acting forces as functions of time. The graph of the

centrifugal force acting on the platform (see equation (20)) is shown by a dotted
line and the graph of the force acting on the wagon is shown by. a thick line. It is

obvious that the time during which the platform will push

the buffers ^nd will

a

communicate a rightward

momentum to the wagon) will be shorter than half

period

and the time during which the platform through the springs will push and pull the wall B (and will communicate a leftward

the wall A

momentum to the wagon) will be

larger than half a period. Thus, although the rightwards forces, Flight
than the leftwards forces, F^g^^.
if it will

^^^ bigger

be

the rightward and leftward momenta acquired by the wagon

will be equal, as it

must be according to the law of momentum conservation. Why then Dean and many witnesses have observed a push to the right?
a
-

If there is

certain minimum force F

.-

min
left
..

which must be reached before certain mass begins to move

,

(see fig. 4) and F '

^

mm
.

= F,

then, obviously, the wagon will move only rightwards.

This force F

min

can depend on the friction and according to conventional physics if

^
=

the friction is zero, it must be F^.^

xi

0.

However,

think ^ee Ref. 2, vol. 1, p.

-xiv and Ref. 8,p. 103-116) that even at friction equal to zero F^^^ will be dif-

ferent from zero.

On the other hand, although
I

think that equation (21) must be preserved, maybe

some slight differences can appear and the integral on the left will be slightly bigger than the integral on the right. The answer whether such differences can appear can be given only by the experiment.

- 22 -

Marinov

constructed my "pulse-mobile" (figs. 5 and 6) with the aim to establish whether

at "hard" and "soft" pulses there is a difference in the net impulses. An easily mo-

ving platform was mounted on a car, exactly as in fig. 3.

heavy anvil (32 kg). By pushing the platform forwards
to the car, while by pulling the platform backwards
I

put on the platform a

communicated a "hard" impulse

communicated a "soft" impulse

to the car. My experiments (see also Ref. 9, p.

196) have given the answer: the hard

and soft impulses were equal

6.

COOK'S APPARATUS
'

Dickinson has written, with the collaboration of Robert Cook, a whole book^

de-

dicated to Cook's apparatus CIP (Cook Inertial Propulsion). Many pages of the book
are written in an excellent style and one becomes delighted by reading them, forgivinj
to the author the somewhat boring pages. The martyrdoom of Cook is typical for all

solitary visionaries who search for ways on which nobody of the established scientists ventures to go.
I

warmly recomand to my readers Dickinson's book-

Cook uses the same two synchronously rotating masses as Dean (see fig. 2 which is
taken from Dickinson's book^
'), i.e., the Biihler drive is the kernel

also of his

machine.

The trick invented by Cook is described in detail on pp. 89-106 of Dickinson's

book^
'.

The description is not good and there are neither clear principal diagrams
I

nor clear technical diagrams. Thus

shall

leave the reader sweat over Dickinson's

explanations and drawings and here

trick.

shall briefly present only the essence of Cook'i

As the excentrically rotating masses give for half a period a forward thrust and

for the other half of the period

backward thrust, CoOk continuously exchanges thesi

a

masses between two counter-rotating rods, so that always

forward thrust is producec

Of course, as the masses have inertia, then by exchanging them between the tips

_ 23 -

Marinov

of the two counter-rotating rods, the inevitable collision forces will appear whose
impulses will be exactly equal and opposite to the winned forward impulses due to
the "rectified" centrifugal forces. For this reason Cook
ses perform an additional

lets the exchangeable mas-

rotation in planes perpendicular to the counter-rotating

rods, so that at the moments of exchanges the relative velocity between the exchange-

able mass and the tip of the incoming rotating rod is zero, and thus no collision
forces should appear. For a better understanding of this trick see figs.
7

and 8

which are taken from Dickinson's book.

Cook's "trick" is too complicated from a physical point of view and
I

am unable

to give an answer whether by its help one can effectively violate Newton's third law.
I

believe in Cook's assertions that an inertial thrust has been observed and

kneel

before the ingenuity, perseverance and sacrifices of Cook which his American

compatriots have not esteemed and venerated.

7.

THE APPARATUS OF ZORZI AND SPERI

The Zorzi-Speri drive can be seen in figs. 9 and 10. It consists of the same BUhler's drive which is the core of Dean's and Cook's drives. To obtain a continuous

forward centrifugal thrust Zorzi and Speri let the rotors rotate also along two which are secondary axes going through the centers of the rotors and perpendicular to the prias Zorzi and Speri think,

mary rotational axes of the excentric masses. In such a case,.the projection of the
centrifugal forces on an axis which is perpendicular to both secondary rotational
axes will have always the same sign
,

if the rotating periods about the primary and

secondary axes will be equal.

The geometry of the Zorzi-Speri drive is shown in fig. 11. The metal disk D with
the mass m on its rim (which
I

shall

call

"excentric mas^') performs two rotational

motions with the same period T. The one rotation is about the axis (zz') which is

perpendicular to the plane of the disk and the other rotation is about the axis (xx*)
which lies in the plane of the disk and goes through its center. Thus the
primary
rotational axis coincides with the Cartesian axis (zz') only at the initial

moment and this primary axis rotates about the axis (xx').

24 -

Marlnov

As a result of these two rotations the excentric mass m will describe a space

curve which

es the whole above the plane (xy) and of which in fig. 11 only the first

half is shown. The second half is symmetric to the first half and thus the curve becomes closed.
If we shall
J

denote the radius of the disk, i.e., the radius of the excentric mass,|
fi

by R and the angular velocity of rotation by

(n = 2tt/T), we shall
fi,

be able to ex-

press the Cartesian coordinates of the excentric mass through R,

as follows
X = Rcos(f2t),

and the time t

y
z

R sin{nt) cos(nt]L
R sin^{fit).

(22)

For the Cartesian components

of the velocity of the excentric mass we obtain

X = - Rfisin(nt),

y
z

=
=

Rn{cos^(nt)

sin^(nt)},

(23)

2Rnsin(fit)cos{fit).

For the components of the acceleration (of the centripetal acceleration) we ob-

tain
X = -

Ri^^cos(nt),

y
z

2Rfi^sin(2nt).

(24)

2Rfi^cos(2nt).

Zorzi and Speri expect that the net z-component of the centripetal

force (for the

time of one period) will be negative and not null

as the requirement of Newton's

third law is. The formulas, however, do not show such an effect, as this component is
a cos inus- function with a period T/2 and thus

F =

i /Fdt
'

i /mzdt
'

HI15L /cos(2nt)
T

= 0.

(25)

Zorzi and Speri have been impelled from a technical point of view to make e^fery rotor with two disks (see figs. 9, 10 and 12). The secondary axes of their machine were

not in the planes of the rotors and they had four rotors and four excentric masses in-j

stead of two rotors and two excentric masses, as it must be in the ideal case.

25

Marinov

The weight of the machine was about 10 kg. When put on a spring balance, it made
small jumps. To make it staying on the balance firm,
the machine.
I

added some 20 kg of weight to

Now at rest the whole weight of the machine was 30 kg, while when the ro-

tors were put in action the weight diminished to 20 kg. This difference (which has
brout|ht Dean and other people who have replicated his machine to wrong conclusions)

was fictitious and depended on the elastic properties of the balance spring. Zorzi
and Speri told me that when the machine was suspended on a spring dynamometer, it lost only about
I

kg of weight.
I

took the machine in my hands.

could not register a substantial difference in

I

the weights when the rotors were set in action.

must however note that the vibrations

of the machine "at action" did not permit to notice a difference of 10% in the weights

with surety. Thus

consider MY measurements as inconclusive.

I

Of all machines which tne BUhler drive,

consider the machine of Cook as the most

interesting. As mentioned above (sect. 6), the calculation of the acting forces in the
Cook machine is very complicated and one cannot give a definite theoretical answer.
I

reproduce in this volume the whole book of Dickinson, so that the reader can form

his own opinion about the possibility of "ant i -gravitational" effects on grounds of

the reported observations.

I

should like to give here the last news about the Sandy Kidd machine where gyro(I

inertial forces are used for generation of an anti -Newtonian drive

gave already in-

formations on Sandy Kidd in TWT-IV and TWT-V). My friend

George Hathaway was in May

in Scotland where he met Sandy Kidd and did measurements on his machine. According

to Hathaway

's

letter of the 15 May 1989, a machine of

kg weight produced a thrust

of some hundreds of grams. Thus the question is no more whether one can violate Newton's third law. The question is how to utilize these violations technologically in

order to move our cars, ships, planes and cosmic vehicles.

- 26 -

Marinov

8.

CONCLUSIONS

The essence of this paper consists thus in the following proposal: The four springs in fig.
3

are to be replaced by four permanent magnets which can

move leftwards-rightwards in four coils solid to the car (the car is solid to the laboratory). One has to measure the electric power spent for driving the electromotors
EM, and EM^ when the coils are open and then when the coils are closed through certain

loads (for the same rate of rotation of the excentric masses). Then one has to measure

the electric power delivered to the load.

AM SURE that the input power will be inde-

pendent of the output power. Thus one can expect that at a convenient technological
solution the output power can be made bigger than the input power. Consequently one
will be able to build a peApe^tuam mobltz based on the work delivered by inertlal for -

ces which have NO potential energies.

Hhkto, hhkto, HHicro iia3BaTb Meim ne Mower THpaH H cyMacSpofl, MTO K MBK) fl XOMy xopoujHH 6yr-T-Tep6poA. Bot!

REFERENCES
1.

S.

Marinov, Eppur si muove (C.B.D.S., Brussels, 1977, third ed. East-West, Graz,

1987).
2.
3.

S. S. J.

Marinov, Classical Physics (East-West, Graz, 1981). Marinov, The Thorny Way of Truth, Part III (East-West, Graz, 1988).
W.

4.
5.

Campbell, Analog, 65, 83-106, June 1960.

Stine, Analog, ?, 61-80 (1974, perhaps).

G.
J.

H.

6.

Dickinson, The Death of Rocketry (CIP Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 2997, San Rafael,

CA 94901, 1980).
7. S.

Mielordt, Tachyonenenergie, Hyperenergie, Antigravitation (RaumiZeit Verlag,

D-3007 Gehrden, 1984, 4-th ed.).

8. S. Marinov and J.P.Wesley, editors. Proceedings of the International

Conference

on Space-Time Absoluteness, Genoa, July 1982 (East-West, Graz, 1982).

9. S.

Marinov, The Thorny Way of Truth. Part IV (East-West, Graz, 1989).

27

Marinov

Fig. 1. Calculation of the centrifugal

force

Fig.

2.

Two rigidly connected ice-skaters rotating synchronously two heavy balls,

Man* no V

T
-^Nmm^wmr-l

EM

xz

ijtT<mmmH^

a)

-mmmum-

^^\

-mNmNm^\i/ /"^-ww

li^

-wmmm^EM.

^t^
b)

Fig. 3.

Dean's apparatus.

Fig. 4. Graphs of the net centrifugal

force acting on the platform (the dotted line) and of the force acting on the wagon (the thick line).

29

Marinov

Fig.

5.

Marinov

's

"pulse-mobile" constructed in 1983.

Fig. 6. Marinov on his "pulse-mobile" giving hard pushes

forwards and soft pushes backwards.

30

Marinov

r^

^-^tcrC

/
'IK
-'
T.

Ax

u~Mt...^%^^^^ wt

4^roi^c

Fig.

7.

Marinov

's

Exchange of the exchangable mass (EM) from the rotating rod A to the rota tin rod B and vice versa. FM is fixed mass, N is nucleus, CW is counterweight, the rotor C (the masses EM and FM) rotates in a plane perpendicular to A. note The sense of rotor's rotation in b,c,d is wrongly designed oppositely t" the sense in a.
.

Fig. 8. Exchange of a mass between two oppositely moving vehicles without generating

collision forces.

31 -

Marinov

Fig. 9. Mrs.

Zorzi and Marinov with the Zorzi-Speri drive.

32 -

Marinov

Figs.

10.

The Zorzi-Speri drive.

33

Marinov

Fig.

11.

Geometrical scheme of the Zorzi-Speri drive.

34

Marinov

tt

If

--=^^
:

Fig.

12.

Mechanism for realization of the double rotation of the

excentric mass in the Zorzi-Speri drive.

- 35

ain

urtLH-

iftiitMiflifcfi'ii

M'rfn'ao.

fc amii

rihrfi

Mn

*^ifvJaailL

.ja.

pp

- 36 -

By Joel Dickinson with Robert Cook

THE DEATH OF ROCKETRY

NOTE TO THE READER

This book depicts true events. They did happen.
of the

Some

names

of actual participants,

however, have

been changed

or deleted to assure their privacy.

Copyright

1980 CIP Systems.

Inc.

John

Camobell Jr articles reprinted by permission of the author and the author's agents.

Scott Meredith Literary Agency. Inc.. 845 Third Avenue, New York. New York 10022
All rights

reserved

Published
Library of

the United States by CIP Systenns,

Inc..

1980.

Congress Number 80-067979.

ISBN 0-9604584-0-9
Cover and Design by Gordon Chun Cartoons and Illustrations by Chas Fleischman Photograpriy by Robm Roihsiem
Please direct
ail

inquiries

Box 2997. San

Rafael.

by mail to CIP Systems, CA 94901.

Inc..

- 37 -

Contents

1:

Introduction

2: 3:

The Reactionless Drive 3 The Controversy

7

7-

4:
5: 6:

The Inventor, Robert Cool< 27 The Failures 37 The History

The The History
Epilogue
(Part
I)

51

7: 8: 9:

Principle

89
II)

(Part
7

707

72

38 -

/ Introduction

now exists a new and unique type of propulsion system capable of profoundly influencing the future of technology. are talking
here

a I

space,
of

momentum

where Newtonian laws demand the exchar with the environment in the manner
in

We

rockets). This

about an invention that can convert energy to a working force far more efficiently than anything in use today, an invention that has already been tested and validated. This system, first introduced to scientific authorities over 1 1 years ago, is in essence a reactionless drive. In using this r.hrase

system has

book evidences that a reactionless dr fact been demonstrated to work s

death of rocketry.
1

cessfully. thereby signaling the

90%
drive
to

plus superefficiency potential of the reaction^

is

extraordinary next to

what many experts h

be the

2%

overall efficiency of the rocket.

in

we

refer to a propulsion

We
that certain

will,

the following chapters, estabi

system

does not have to react against some other medium or exchange momentum with its environthat

ment

in

order to propel (as conventional systems).

Rather, the reactionless drive utilizes internal forces generated from within the system itself.

The reactionless drive would, other wonders, enable us to attain almost unlimited speeds in outer space. Its astounding mechanical implications reach to the core of quantum mechanics, gravity, and magnetism.

among

unrecognized errors in Newton's w have mislead the scientific community for aim 300 years. We will show how unquestioning ace tance of these "laws" have prevented the gem scientific community from acknowledging an invent that is quite possibly the greatest and timeliest human history. These pages will detail 12 years research and experiments, display pictures of work models, and present the results of studies undertal by United Airlines. The National Aeronautics and Sp; Administration, and individual scientists. As a reac you'll be taken on a fully documented adventure t
reveals
finally

how the pieces of this intriguing puzzle w put together.

1

are not raising the idea of a perpetual motion machine here. Energy is needed to create the propulsive effect in the reactionless drive. But the energy requirements for this particular system are comparatively modest and could be provided by. say. a simple solar battery

We

The man who has accomplished the so-caJ impossible is Robert Cook, an inventor of limited mal education who holds one United States patent t will soon receive another for this reactionless di principle. Accordingly, the system we write about I been named the Cook Inertial Propulsion (CIP) Engi Cook's achievement involves a synthesis of id< generated from several acts of insight as well as fn many years of experiments. History reveals that greatest ideas are often the product of solitary min And history, too, has shown us that inventors of wc able, original ideas have been subjected to ridicule, attitude costly not only to such inventors but ev perhaps to humanity itself. Changes in conventio
'

The reactionless

drive would,

among

other

wonders, enable us to attain almost unlimited speeds in outer space Its astounding mechanical implications reach to the core of quantum mechanics, gravity, and magnetism. Interpretations of Newton's laws of physics and mochanics. however, hold that such a propulsion system cannot work (especially In outer

ways of thinking have always been difficult to br about We believe that Cook's invention will ultimat triumph over this kind of adversity. Our present world faces an overwhelmi energy crisis. This book (the story of Robert Cook a his breakthrough, which is beginning to be recognii by noteworthy experts) provides a solution. The swers are here We hope the world will listen.
f

39

2.

The Reactionless Drive.

I
,

reactionless drive

is

a propulsion

system

that propels by a force gerierated internally;

a force created totally within the
in

the engine would produce a thrust within the car. In this system, all the wheels do is give the car something to
roll

propel

system itself, any environment where vehicles are in

on.

)day it works the same way whether at the n of the ocean, on the surface of the earth, or in tellar space. All it needs is an energy source,
ing

from steam to solar energy may be

reactionless drive produces

utilized to

ce the propulsive effect.

what

we

call a

actional force.

look for a

What moment

is

unidirectional force?
car,
in

at

s a two-directional force.

an autoturns the wheels (Force One). The wheels then

an ordinan/ The engine

which

ley e

the vehicle fon/vard or backward due to the fact move against the ground (Force Two). (See 1.) With a unidirectional force, however, the

would not be connected

to the

wheels. Instead,

Imagine a car using this kind of drive. There would then be no need for a transmission or drive train. You could operate such an auto anywhere on any surface. By directing your force upward you could lift the vehicle as high off the ground as you wished, then let it down fast or gently. Your foot on the accelerator would control the speed in any desired direction. If you accelerated a reactionless drive vehicle at 1 gravity (g), your passengers would need, not seatbelts, but a strapped-in cocoon. The 1-g acceleration would mean going from a complete stop to about 65 miles per hour (mph) in 3 seconds flat. Or. if you reversed the force, braking in the same 3 seconds, the car would stop (even on the slickest patch of ice) in a distance of about 150 feet.

ction drive;

Ctionless drr

KE^CTlON

KCTlON

^aoH

(bl

40 -

But how does an engine like the CIP produce such a powerful force? Consider this illustration: By whirling a stone secured to the end of a rope you can generate a tremendous amount of centrifugal force with a small expenditure of energy. The trouble is, you can't do much with that force; if the stone keeps whirling in the circle these large centrifugal forces balance themselves exactly ever/ revolution. But if you could somehow extract just some of that enormous force and make it go one direction well, look
. .

what David did to Goliath with a slingshot. The beauty of centrifugal force resides in the fact that this'force grows at a tremendous rate. Below
100 revolutions per minute (rpm), centrifugal force doesn't do much, but as the rpms increase, the force increases proportionately by the square of the angular velocity (Fig. 2-2). For example, an object traveling in a circle with a radius of 10 centimeters (cm), at the rate of 600 rpm, generates a centrifugal force almost 41 times gravity Centrifugal force can. without much trouble at all. tear a high-tensile steel wheel into shreds. Supercentrifuges. which operate on this principle, can develop accelerations in the millions of g's.

25.000

20.000

force
iibi

41 -

<

42

lift function is lost. With the CIP, however, the higher the altitude, the less the frictional and gravitational effects. This results in the CIP becoming increasingly nnore efficient,

Efficiency. The energy in most chemical rockets derives fr( an exotic fuel that creates heat, a well-known form of ener>i With this process, much efficiency is thrown away With tl CIP drive, however, the propellant mass is recycled, and mt\ energy is not thrown away. (See Table 2-1).
.

true reactionless drive can relegate space rockets to the museum forever. The rocket was abana serious means of propulsion shortly after invention by the Chinese around 1214 A.D.' Although the rocket has recently been revived by indus-

doned as
its

trialized nations,

its

extremely low efficiency (2% or

experts) makes it a less-thanmethod of travel, especially in outer space. Clearly, if humankind wishes to advance significantly in the exploration of space, an alternate and more efficient means of propulsion must be developed. A reactionless space drive will do things beyond the
less according to
satisfactory

many

... a true reactionless drive can

relegate rockets to the

forever.

museum

ability of

any propulsion system available today. No

rocket, for instance, can carry

enough reaction-mass

the way from here to Uranus. Without reaction-mass a rocket can't perform even the minutest maneuvers in space. A rocket's course becomes about as flexible as a glass rod it can be bent just a little. The advantages of the reactionless drive over the rocket are many:
to maintain a 1-p acceleration
all

1.

Propulsion techniques

Chemically fueled rockets must exchange momentum with the environment in order to propel. The CIP reactionless drive, on the other hand, would propel without this exchange because (as you will see in Chapter 7) the propellant n-.iss is trapped and recycled.

Fig.

2-7

2.

Speed potential The speed of the conventional rocket is limited by the velocity of the escaping gas. If escaping gases are expelled at 24.000 mph. the forward velocity of the rocket can never exceed this speed unless some other force such as gravity influences it. If a reactionless drive were coasting alongside a rocket at 24,000 mph. a few pounds of positive thrust requin.>g vory iittif energy would accelerate it past the rocket. To catch up. the rocket would have to expel tremendous amounts of energy and gas at better than 24.000 mph What would be the speed limit of the reactionless drive in outer space? After 24 hours of acceleration at 1 g such a system would be moving at almost 2 million mph A rocket cannot even approach this potential (The reactionless drive does require enorgy to recycle the propellant mass, but in space solar energy could be tapped to run electric motors for recyclino the propellant In deep space a nuclear reactor could create the same electrical energy The energy needs of the reactionless dnvp ate exceedingly small With nuclear energy, its speed poieniMi is whatever the ultimate universal speed Inrvt IS r9 not Sure the speed of light is the ultimate sped limit ) (See Fig 2 7)

Einstein asserted that the speed of light is the ultimate spe limit (before the CIP). Is this true now? (Going at the speed of Ik you would travel 1 1,160.000 miles per minute or 5.869,7 13.600.C

miles per year)

Comparison
Engine
Jet

ofJt nd CIP Effictency

Required (hpl
1 1

Povtfer

Thrust

(lbs)
1

CIP
Tfv#iing 375

600

mph

ai

35 000 feoi

We

Table 2-1
ti

!"

'

^T
John suggested 20 years ago that a i(!ar-powered submarine would make an ideal B onless spaceship. In 1960 he wrote;
.

Some

far-sighted peoplfe such as the late

Jr.

accelerate relative to the floor. According to classical

theory, the Earth-based observer would attribute the phenomenon to a gravitational force, and the space-

;ampbell,

ews

r s

The nuclear submarine has already been tested with for thirty continuous days out of contact with atmosphere; their air<ycling equipment is already in
perfectly.

ship observer would attribute it to the accelerated floor overtaking the uniformly moving body. Einstein reasoned that the effects are identical, and thus a theory of gravity should provide an equivalent description of the

and functions
\ce?

What difference if the "out of

in

two systems

(Fig. 2-8).

Einstein

made

this

X" situation involves submersion

water instead of

principle of equivalence the physical cornerstone of

relativity. It states that, on a local scale, the physical effects of a gravitational field are indistinguishable from the physical effects of an accelerated

The ship, if it can lift off Earth at all, can generate a e vertical acceleration. Since that acceleration is benerated by engines capable of continuous operations }nthsif not years at a time, the acceleration can be maintained for the entire run, there would be no of free-fall for the ship or crew. Therefore, the presup structure, equipment, and auxiliary designs would \tirely satisfactory. Also, a sub has various plumbing s with built-in locks so the equipment can be used conditions where the external pressure is widely diffrom the internal. '
Accelerating at approximately 1 g, such a ship ake the trip from Earth to Mars when Mars is st in less than three days. And even when Mars its maximum distance from the Earth on the far f the sun we're still looking at only a five-day trip. In flight, the ship would simply lift out of the ise vertically, and, once out of the Earth's graval field, maintain a constant ^-g acceleration, ^ay to Mars it would loop its course and decelthe rest of the way at the same rate. Insofar as in goes, passengers could not distinguish be-

general

system.

The effects of centrifugal force on the occupants of a rotating space station is also similar to both gravity and the force produced by the accelerating

fi

sitting in

the ship or relaxing at

home

in their

easy chair because the ^-g acceleration duplithe effects of gravity. These unusual effects explained by Einstein's principle of equivalence lows: Consider one observer in the gravitational of Earth and another in the accelerating space If both drop a test body, both will observe it to
te

Fig 2-9

The

artificial

gravity effects of rotating

space

station.

Spaceship. Essentially, the occupants of the rotating space station (Fig. 2-9) are in a constant state of acceleration (any change of direction constitutes acceleration).

feet of
iect of

being at rest m a gravitational field [a) is the sanne as being at rest in an accelerated coordinate system lb).

(Here's an interesting idea: Consider a CIP engine hovering a few inches off the earth's surface. The engine has the rotational velocity of the earth's surface. As the rotating earth turns with it, would our engine move off in a tangent into space at the rotational velocity of the earth? If the friction of our atmo-

sphere

is

discounted, would

it?)

44

()

Imagine for a moment that this internal or un directional force can be produced. What influenc

would

have on our planet, and our lives? possibilities are phenomenal. All aspec of the human condition would be touched We wou now have the ability to generate tons of force. Th discovery allows us to think the previously unthini able. For example, huge CIP units could be positione along our planet's equator or at the polar regions (Fi2-10). By guiding the force of these units in carta directions over a period of time we could then actual
this

The

speed of the earth (or its tilt) f whatever reasons would benefit the world communit Our climate could be modified. The earth's orbit its or even the arrangement of heavenly bodies con someday be adjusted if desired. Experiments have been conducted with a snru cork and a large steel beam. The beam is suspends from a ceiling and is adjacent to a tiny cork hanging c
a string.

adjust the rotational

When

the cork

is

bounced

off the

beam

regular intervals, the steel eventually begins to osc

(b)

The tiny cork transmits energy to that huge bear the CIP units were run constantly they, too. could time affect the earth's rotation or tilt in the same wi the cork affects the steel beam. CIP-generated travel near or beyond the spe of light makes the vast, incomprehensible distana
late.
If

between

galaxies and quasars navigable. With the uj

in

of the reactionless drive

space

we may

begin

onizing other worlds before the year 2000. Plane

would become easily accessible for exploration, mil ing, and harvesting. (We may find more gold ar diamonds out there than we'll know what to do with

(c)

---^
Fig 2 10
ia)

CIP units attached to the equator to increase earths rotatio speed; ib) CIP units attached to the poles to change the angle of I earths axis; (cl CIP units attached to the poles to increase earths orbital speed around the sun; (cO Earth s orbit changes w* orbital speed is increased
i

45

Fig 2-11
craft for both space and atmospheric U Small wedge-shaped atmosphere use. Urger transporter ma.nly for

ifightrS)

(a)

Tu&jsr OkJir

,^^

/^-N

^^N

(b)

- The

discovery of a method for producing an raises realistic poslal propulsive force directly es for new energy sources. Future units installed asement or buried in a special backyard enclosure

could, when activated of CIP units in the stern and bow force so that the ship by a switch, actually direct the

2-12.) In the atmocould dock sideways. (See Fig. craft would or in deep space a CIP-propelled sphere

supply the necessary energy- lighting, heating, the source to an average home for 20 years. And

be

pollution-free.

The CIP system will most likely cause the se of all wheeled vehicles. (Bridges will be totally cessary. They will become historical monus.)

With a complete have almost unlimited possibilities. and horizontal combination of force-producing vertical directions or stop units an astronaut could change perform any maneuver by instantly, hover in space, or changing the direction of the gradually or abruptly

New
for

transportation conveyances will arise,

re,

example, a small, wedge-shaped craft

as that shown in Fig. 2-1 la. This craft could het gently off another in a collision. Passengers be frightened, but they will live to see another

the system is in the spinning propellant mass while one could activate the system instantaneously neutral 2-13). Later, we will for unbelievable acceleration (Fig.

By

storing

tremendous amounts

of inertia in

The ride will be almost perfectly smooth. Flight in -powered craft will be free from the jolting impact rbulence because air passengers will not be air^ but rather "forceborne" in the air. The gyrohave a ic action of the propulsive unit will also
lizing
)r

^^

effect.

airlines will

(Ct

to fly in

The noise pollution generated by be eliminated. In the future, you can a superquiet. supersmooth. and super-

erful craft.
icity
it

larger craft with additional seating

can be
is

built in
(Fig.

the shape of a cigar, longer

^^^m^^mihi:^^^^ 4W'

wide

2-1 lb).
is its

1__

Another beautiful facet of the CIP

bility

series of controls could instantly direction of the propulsive force. To illustrate:

maneuchange
Fig 2-12

sion a

huge

oil

tanker pulling into a port.

A number

Ship benhing without the aid of tugboats.

46

COMPARISON OF

AIR

TRAVEL TIME AT CONVENTIONAL AND

OP SPEEDS

47

Three basic kinds of

htrothernnal,
r<

electrostatic,

propulsion and electromagnetic

electrical

being considered. In electrothermal propulsion a <ing fluid such as nitrogen or hydrogen is passed hot metal surfaces and then expanded in a supercc nozzle. Electromagnetic propulsion for flight ecles uses motive power produced by high-speed iiharge of a plasma fluid. Along with ion (eiectropropulsion, electromagnetic propulsion yields t c) 63ral mechanisms capable of attaining specific im/
\,

exceeding those of thermal propulsion devices (Much more power can be isferred to a body of matter by electrical means i\ by heating.) By increasing the power transfer
L

es,

\i

considerable margin.

Liciently to ionize the propellant material,

1

it

is

pos-

to apply electric forces

and circumvent the

mal barrier. However, each of these drives has its unique problems. Still another technique involves using the radiac pressure of photons. With this method, a solar sail j;tions as a reflector upon which the bouncing of ;^to^s creates a reaction force that generates pro'iion. A clipper sailing through the heavens! All these methods, however, relate back to the le basic principle: using reaction-mass to propel, maintain that this is not the way to go, that present rplanetary propulsion plans are on an evolutionary straight to extinction, that the reactionI leading
1
\i

N
Fig.

2-14
is like

Ion propulsion versus the CIP bulldozer.

smoke machine versus

present interplanetary pro-

pulsion plans are on an evolutionary path leading straight to

extinction
future.

the reactionless

drive represents the best possible future. ComkJ to ion propulsion, the force potential of the reacless drive
is

drive represents the best possible

a brute.

It's

like

pitting a gigantic

dozer against a

smoke machine (Fig. 2-14). The CIP would make commuting fast, smooth,
to ride the elevator; park

easy. (Leave the tires behind and forget the bridge

).
r.

No need

on the 36th

Reserve the downtown streets

for pedestrians,

ivery vehicles
r

could unload their cargo at any given

of a skyscraper, simply hovering in space. Strap a

tweight CIP convertible pack on your back and you "forceborne." (See Fig. 2-15.) You can float with breeze, glide with birds, drift with clouds.

A
/ill

reactionless force has other important uses,

Why not employ this new system )erform the world's heavy work? It will provide the
lift

anything.

"skyhook" we've been needing for centuries, kind of CIP engine that can drive a space3 could be used to relocate an entire office building lome. Houses could be constructed with speciali foundations. A towing service with customized ng craft could hover overhead, attach its equipment hese special foundations, and transport your entire elling family and contents to just about anyere you wanted (Fig. 2-16). This opens prospects for
table

same

completely new industries. Instead of packing and renting a vacation home, just take your own idence and personal belongings with you. With an )ropriate CIP system, large office buildings and
eral

Fig.

2-15

Commuting by CIP

46

COMPARISON OF

AIR TRAVEL TIME AT

CONVENTIONAL AND C/P SPEEDS

Average CIP Speeds
(miles per hour)

Distance
(Air

Average Conventional Speeds

(miles per hour)

Miles)

500 mph

1.000

mph

5.000

mph

10.000

mph

47

Three basic kinds of

ii

electrical

trothernnal,

electrostatic,

propulsion and electromagnetic

being considered. In electrothermal propulsion a such as nitrogen or hydrogen is passed i\r hot metal surfaces and then expanded in a super(ic nozzle. Electromagnetic propulsion for flight
r

king fluid

(ides uses motive

liiharge of a
tic)

power produced by high-speed

fluid.

plasma

Along with ion

(electro-

propulsion, electromagnetic propulsion yields

mechanisms capable of attaining specific imexceeding those of thermal propulsion devices M considerable margin. (Much more power can be sferred to a body of matter by electrical means hi by heating.) By increasing the power transfer iciently to ionize the propellant material, it is posle to apply electric forces and circumvent the - mal barrier. However, each of these drives has its ^^ unique problems. Still another technique involves using the radiapressure of photons. With this method, a solar sail -:tions as a reflector upon which the bouncing of fions creates a reaction force that generates prot.ion. A clipper sailing through the heavens! All these methods, however, relate back to the <)e basic principle: using reaction-mass to propel. \ maintain that this is not the way to go, that present I rpianetary propulsion plans are on an evolutionary leading straight to extinction, that the reaction drive represents the best possible future. Com(eral
iiies,
r

Fig.

2-14
is like

Ion propulsion versus the CIP bulldozer.

smoke

nnachine versus a

present interplanetary pro-

pulsion plans are on an evolutionary path leading straight to

f,-'.

extinction
future.

the reactionless

i^d to ion

propulsion, the force potential of the reacis

drive represents the best possible

Hess drive
II

a brute.

It's

like

pitting a gigantic

dozer against a

smoke machine (Fig. 2-14). The CIP would make commuting fast, smooth,
to ride the elevator; park

easy. (Leave the tires behind

:;)
l(

No need

and forget the bridge on the 36th

)
ii

Reserve the downtown streets for pedestrians. very vehicles could unload their cargo at any given
r.

>

t"

r of a skyscraper, simply hovering in space. Strap a tweight CIP convertible pack on your back and you 'forceborne." (See Fig. 2-15.) You can float with breeze, glide with birds, drift with clouds.

A
'ill

reactionless force has other important uses,

anything.

Why not employ this new system erform the world's heavy work? It will provide the
lift

"skyhook" we've been needing for centuries, kind of CIP engine that can drive a spacecould be used to relocate an entire office building lome. Houses could be constructed with specialfoundations. A towing service with customized ig craft could hover overhead, attach its equipment hese special foundations, and transport your entire Blling family and contents to just about anyjre you wanted (Fig. 2-16). This opens prospects for
:able

same

>

completely new industries. Instead of packing and renting a vacation home, just take your own dence and personal belongings with you. With an ropriate CIP system, large office buildings and
eral

Fig 2-15

Commuting by

CIP.

48

m iM\ AJ^
-4
.

..

^^^

F.g 2-16

House moving by CIP made easy

skyscrapers could be

built

moved

into place, therr

by

outside of the city and then elinninating urban construc-

tion site clogging

and noise.

units could hover close to buildings for painting, changing light bulbs, or

Platforms

mounted under CIP

washing windows

Fire, police, and medical personnel could more effectively provide emergency services with their new vohicles (Fig. 2-17a and 6) During an earthquake, powerful CIP units could hold buildings in place, or future edifices could be constructed with the potential to be lifted until danger passes. CIP spotter craft could carefully monitor gigantic storms, typhoons, tornadoes, and hurricanes for improved meteorological warnings. A portable CIP unit could pull down any tree without exerting force on the person using it Similarly, the walls of buildings could be knocked over by a mere push. (We may hnveto be very careful who has access to these units.)

F.g 2-17
(a)

Firefighters will adapt the

facilitated

CiP to

their use. (b\

Emerge^

rescue

by CIP

49

-If

ng

will

be revolutionized by the CIP.

Portable floodlights could be flown

in to light

ponstmction projects, sporting events, nnovie sets, n emergencies. Camera crews could get fantastic 3 age points riding special units or using remote
orol units (Fig. 2-18).

Skiers could be transported up mountains in vg shuttle buses. Small units could slow down ct-of-control" skiers or lift them over rapidly

oaching obstacles. Traveling adventurers, hunters, ographers, and so forth could easily reach isolated Melons with portable backpack units. Fishing enthuirs could drop in on some virgin lake to make that V. lucky cast of the evening. Golf carts could float v the grass instead of following surface golf paths
p
t"

..^.mm0^^
Fig.

"

2-19).

Our world would never be the same. Transic

ing

emergency

food, water, or health supplies

2-19
will

V id

be a swift and simple matter. We would no need conventional cargo ships. With powerful

Transporting golfers by CIP

be easy although

it

may

not inv

prove

their

game.

50

Fig 2-20

CIP transports goods ruicWv.

efficiently,

and quietly

51

gigantic containers could be transthe air to deliver goods interj quickly through costs would nally (Fig. 2-20). All transportation
,
,

units,

Icebergs could be
jid

locations.

towed through our oceans to Remote units could glide over forThe
possibil-

sky or tampered with. New safeguards would have to be found; new laws written and enforced. Hopefully, the excitement of developing a new frontier will unite the human race. The availability of unlimited territory should ease pressure on territorial disputes and land acquisition. Vital natural resources
could become abundant. The opportunities opened up by the CIP could have deeply inspirational effects on

iDerforming fire-prevention duties.

re

endless.
all

And consider
?s
(ally
:;f>g

the

new employnnent

oppor-

humankind.
collides with

Some

existing transportation
to the

systems would

be converted

CIP engine, a process

the creation of an untold number of jobs. \factones would be built to manufacture the latest
I

models and to experiment on new applicawould come into being. How would jke to be a tour guide on excursion trips around 'Diar system? Moreover, access to the solar system and positions in explora{/ would open up countless -esearch, and mining. We would again have new
ction

Exotic jobs

an invention as revolutionan/ as the CIP vested interest groups with a great deal great inventions to lose. But history has shown that all and changes leave some losers in their wake. Can we not view matters differently this time? When the curopened tains of the CIP-based future have been fully human there would be no real losers. Every single
Clearly,

being would benefit.

With such incredible rewards

at

stake

it

would

seem

that science

would make equally

and developing

incredible

efforts at researching

a unidirectional

rers to develop.

The cost of flying would decrease, enabling and more people to afford travel, which would nly be cheaper but faster, easier, supersafe, and ely more enjoyable. There is no end to the
.

fact, hardly force system. This hasn't happened. In anyone in the scientific community has taken an inthis has terest. Throughout the history of science

its.

CIP spacecraft would be able to dispose of our ar wastes by putting them on a collision course the sun or other massive star. Does the human race have the maturity and cter to take advantage of the potential Utopia we have here on earth? The question is a difficult
Obviously, there are serious military implications CIP. Imagine the new weapons that could be
ed. Satellites overseeing our

remained a painfully neglected area. Why? The next by chapter examines the amazing controversy created has been the CIP. and looks into the injustice that the suppresinflicted on the peoples of our world by
sion of this invention.

Citations,
1

Chapter 2
"
'

2.

World Book Encyclopedia. 1980 ed s v "Rockets Campbell Jr.. "Space Dnve Problem, John
.

^ Astounding {June
,

mne

vulnerable.

defenses would They could be plucked out of the

3.

Technology. 4th ffilaw-H/7/ 'Encyclopedia of Science and

"Astronautical Engineering."

ed.. s.v.

bif

3.

Tlw Controversy

m
room
,

ewton's laws of motion are not totally correct. This shocking statennent really staggers the

mind when one comes to fully realize that the basis of physics and mechanics are ill-founded. Why do we say this? Because of one simple fact that involves a proven internal force principle. The three laws of Isaac Newton dealing with inertia, acceleration, and reaction leave no
for internal forces to affect

Propulsion is based on the reaction prin6 stated qualitatively in the third law A quantita description of the propulsive force exerted on a boc given by the second law, expressed mathematical*

F = ma. Any change

in

momentum,

according

an object's motion.

The existence of an internal force that influences motion has been proven. A* working model demonstrating this fact has been built. The patent has been issued. We document the details in this book. Repercussions from this invention should echo
throughout science when the false foundation of mechanics is exposed. Unfortunately, in this day and age, the ability of educated people to detect important breakthrough discoveries leaves much to be desired. Einstein himself said
it:

Newton's second law, must be exactly equal to propulsive force exerted on the body. Let's lookcio) at these laws and examine how they are incorrect Note that the first law (a body will reme rest or moving uniformly in a straight line unless o pelled by external forces to change this condit refers only to an external force, which, of cou requires a second body to produce that force. Th circumstances exclude any possibility for an inte force, which requires no second body to react aga
at
all.

"It is little

methods

of instruction

short of a miracle that modern have not already completely

strangled the holy curiosity of inquiry, because this delicate little plant needs most, apart from
stimulation,
is

what
initial

Newton's laws of motion are not

totally

stroyed.

freedom; without that it is surely debelieve that one could even deprive a healthy

correct

beast of prey of its voraciousness, if one could force it With a whip to eat continuously whether it were hungry ornot."'

Sagan reminds us that Einstein's remarks should be sobering to those engaged in higher educaCarl
tion in

The force referred

equals

to in the

second law
is,

(fc

mass times acceleration) that

the

fc

science

"I

wonder how many

potential Ein-

steins have been permanently discouraged through competitive examinations and the forced feeding of curricula. ... It is clear that Albert Einstein became a
scientist in spite of. not

Let's

because of, his schooling. "' examine the controversy that has been

employed in effecting the acceleration of a bodyalways been considered to be external because ternal forces capable of propelling have been hek be "impossible." Since we will show that an interr propelling force is possible, this equation must
modified to include a distinguishing sign (a lowerc "/" after the "F" whenever an internal force is r sented). Thus, f = ma represents internal forces. F, = ma represents external forces.
,

created by the breakthrough idea of the reactionless drive Isaac Newton left no room for the possibility of a system creating an internal force to propel Newton's well-known three laws of motion, published in 1687 in Philosophiae Naturalis Pnncipia Mathematica. are:

The third law (for every must be an equal and opposite

action or force

tf*

reaction) implies

there can never be a force acting in nature unless bodies are involved the one that exerts the fo

Every body remains at rest o continues to move uniformly in a straight line unless compelled by external forces to change
this condition

The

rate of

change

of

the force applied, or f For every action there

momentum ma
is

of a

body

is

proportional to

and the one upon which the force is exerted. Aco ing to Newton, forces capable of effecting mo must be produced in pairs, opposite and equal. once again, only an external force is considered (
I

an equal and opposite reaction

3-1).

53

The conservation of momentum concept can be expanded to the principles of the conservation of linear momentum and the conservation of angular momentum.* A complete description of a system must include both quantities. A simple example of momentum conservation is a heavy rifle fired toward the back of a small boat by a person on board. As the
bullet
is

accelerated to the rear, the boat

is

accelerated

forward.
Let's see how these principles apply in pracTo run or walk forward we push backward against the ground. The reaction of the foot against the ground allows us to go forward. Automobile tires react against the pavement to produce a change in momentum. In the case of an airplane or ship, the required change in momentum is generally wrought by changing the
tice.
(air or water) passing through the propulsive device or engine. In a turbojet engine, the air is the propulsive medium and the thrust is obtained

velocity of the fluid

mm. RcxKET

McoiMjiaL Rcxxn

by the acceleration of the air as it passes through the engine. A rocket operating in the vacuum of space uses some of its own mass to propel. For momentum
to

be conserved, the rocket must acquire an equal

in

momentum
he two-directional force produced by the chemical rocke; ited to the unidirectional force produced by the mechanical

the forward direction.

As mentioned,
spacecraft increase

we

have found a way to make a

its

velocity without exchanging

Newton's second and

ralized to
iple.
}r

third

laws have been

provide the conservation of momentum which also forbids an internal force: No

what goes on inside the machine, no matter many weights may shift and gears may spin, you
ever propel. Science has insisted over and over again that entum cannot be effectuated unless an exchange the environment or a reaction against a second t occurs. The rocketry experts with whom we had discussions thought us insane even to sugthat one could outfit a spacecraft with a series of and revolving masses, take it into outer space, lereby effectuate its momentum. They admitted n invention as we described might have limited jss on earth, but refused to believe it could effecpropel in deep space. ("Boys, you can't pull yourip by your own bootstraps.") Some opponents ingly call Cook's invention a "bootstrap thruster." The conservation of momentum principle 5 that when a system of masses is subject only to that the masses of the system exert on one > er, then the total vector momentum of the sysis constant. The principle of conservation of entum holds generally and is applicable in all of physics In particular, momentum is cond even if the particles of a system exert forces on
nether, or rved
if

Our opponents
trying to
lift

liken our attempt to propel with the CIP to a himself by his own bootstrap

man

the total mechanical energy

is

not
These two principles are dedned on page

39

54 -

momentum

with

its

environment. (The secret of

how

we

circumvented Newton's laws is explained in Chapter 7.) The results of our experiments allow us to assert categorically that the wording of the existing laws and principles of motion are misleading- These should be modified to better express the truth. We understand that such modification will be difficult for
physicists to accept, especially since both their educa-

nature of this controversy few qualified people h made objective studies. Those that have, conU^m
the CIP does work.

Robert Cook has been trying to expose conceptual constraints of Newton's laws to sciei for 12 years. He is now presenting his case direi
,

the public.
error has

In one sense, it may be said been discovered in the laws

that a

of

ph

and experience deem what we have accomplished "impossible." We can only ask that, in the spirit of Einstein, conventional thinking in this area be suspended until all the facts that we present are examined.
tion

Nearly

all

momentous

scientific

revolutions.

Actually, the situation

tion of this invention is

we

face with the rejec-

no worse than past circumstances in the field of electricity. A century or so ago many sincerely believed that it would be "impossible" to do work with alternating current without violating
the conservation of momentum principle, since the average current was zero. It turned out that, although the current in one direction is balanced by an equal flow in the opposite direction, the flows are not equal and opposite simultaneously and thus work can be done. Furthermore, when all else failed, other arguments were presented to preserve the conservation of

In

over a dozen years no physicist

or technician has built a

to

model

disprove the theory of the CIP engine.

momentum

pnnciple.^

of the scientific community toward our project has ranged from cool to cold. Those that could really have helped, have not. Given the

The response

Galileo to the splitting of the atom, have evi charges of "heresy."* Science has in many become like a religion with dogmatic teaching: protect. Anyone who questions basic precepts c expect an unbiased hearing. And it is especially ficult for established scientists to pay careful atteni to a "heretic" such as Robert Cook, who lacks

.r^iXIy

proper educational credentials. Humanity should learn from history, which h repeatedly shown that so-called "uneducated" perst have many times broken through the barriers of I

unknown.
Understandably, there is substantial emotic impact connected to the idea that a propelling interforce can be produced. Anyone with a heavy emotio investment in the "known laws of physics" tends

jahleo l)eing coffected by epefts of his day

nu be changed. Given the energy problem facing us. time is limited We can no longer afford the traditiof attitudes of the past. This luxurious pingpong gam arguing about the concept rather than examining facts is being played on a sinking ship. Carl Sagan writes, "Many of the problems ft ing us may be solvable, but only if we are willing embrace brilliant, daring and complex solutions Su solutions require brilliant, daring and complex people The brilliant and daring solution of the CIP engine h collided head-on with human vanity. "The thing Galik fought for the things for which science has honon him, classified him as a martyr of science was fundamental proposition that demonstration must I accepted; that observational data must never be su pressed for the sake of authority and theory."' Manyi the scientists we contacted have flagrantly violated tt ideal for which Galileo fought.
intensely reject this idea. This negative attitude
ll

ll

55 -

In
lit

i{

t(

over a dozen years no physicist or technician model to disprove the theory of the CIP (At the same time, objective studies done by Airlines conclude that the invention does
a

the form of a polite note from a secretary saying that the matter would be looked into, but Dean never heard

k Obviously, a good number of physicists adhere ifmotionally based protectionist policy regarding 1,/s of physics. Such scientists may soon realize 9ir "solid" foundation actually rests on sand.

another word. He invited the Senate Space Committee, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) to examine the device. There were no positive responses. NASA and the ONR said, in effect, that a study of his plans convinced them that his device wouldn't work

n CIP engine.

People should not take offense at the concept The purpose here is not to discredit vn but to gain new knowledge and to thus im/(the liying standards of the human race. Rerors and scientists should participate in developtl; idea. Why be angry at this discovery? It should
ejived as a blessing.

because it violated known principles of science. "Do you realize that if your theory is correct, we won't need rockets any more?" one indignant NASA official asked.* To Dean's contemporaries, the concept of the nonsimultaneity of- the action-reaction processes and
its

application to the rectification of centrifugal force

h
i(

Our research in this area brought to light others past who have made similar attempts at this
ar "impossibility."

too radical. Dean had repeatedly requested the various scientific agencies (who claim his idea was "just vibration") to use their elaborate vibration-

was

(We

detail portions of their

ki

Chapter
in

5.)

The most widely known

of these

srs

was Norman Dean, who received national 1960. We were astonished at the remarkTiilarities between his struggle and ours. Like es, Dean encountered enormous initial difficulty
ng anyone to test or study his working models. Unfortunately, the notoriety of the Dean drive jsed an additional obstacle for us. Why? Bethe Dean drive was not based on sound meprinciples.
I,

What Dean
in

built (as

we

will later

could never propel

drive

deep space. The

failure

I's

proposed reactionless propulsion

is

-- has strongly reinforced the contention that a

i

centrifugal force
critics

impossible. Consequently,

now have

additional ammunition.

We

determine the facts, and not guesses. No one would listen.' For years Dean could not obtain any assistance at all to evaluate his ideas or build and test his working models. His initial patent was filed in 1956. It wasn't until 1960 that someone came to Dean's aid. The man who rescued Norman Dean was John W. Campbell, Jr., the editor of Analog Science Fact and Fiction. The publicity Campbell gave to the affair eventually resulted in Dean getting a hearing. Tests were conducted to validate or invalidate the working models. Campbell was convinced that the mild-mannered mortgage expert, whether he had anything or not, should be given a careful hearing by those responsible for our national defense. Campbell took the unusual step of devoting an
analysis

equipment

to

just give authoritative

about the CIP engine, "Oh, it's ther Dean drive," words that imply our majust another junk artifact. (And all this exj with no attempt to study or analyze.) The rive was a victory for Isaac Newton. It had the effect of further discouraging any experimenjn a reactionless system. Who in their right /ould wnnt to be ridiculed, criticized, and re3S Norman Dean was? The important moral of jn Story lies in the emotional reaction displayed
jard repeatedly
this revolutionary idea.

entire issue of his

magazine (except

for fiction) to the

Dean case. Conceding that if the Dean idea worked it would pull the rug out from under modem physics,

make scores
and upset
a

of rocket propulsion factories obsolete,

of the economy. Campbell nevertheless called for a fullscale investigation of the device. Reminding his readers that the stakes were nothing less than "full, free, practical access to the entire solar

segment

a mortgage expert for the Housing Authority and a leisure-time inventor ysicist. He, too, came up with an idea for a jrive based on a rectified centrifugal force. He )is spare time experimenting, and in 1959 rea United States patent for "A System for ConRotary Motion Into Unidirectional Motion." For years Dean pounded on doors in WashingZ. desperately seeking technical and contractual He wrote to Charles E. Wilson, then Secretan/ nse, offering to cooperate with the government 9vice had any military value. The answer came in
t.

Norman Dean was

system" as well as our very survival, the editor asserted that if the government scientists had looked at Dean's space drive when asked four years prior, "we'd have a man on Mars by now!"' Campbell argued that our defenses are vital enough to necessitate a thorough investigation of all such ideas, however "far out" they appeared to be, and even if they came to nothing at all. Campbell was an intense crusader for an honest study of a potentially great idea. We would welcome
this kind of promoter, who believed in the line of experimentation that we ourselves have followed to a successful conclusion. The following articles represent Campbell's

thinking

on

this matter.

Many

of his

statements echo

our

own

feelings.

58

SCIENTIFIC

LYNCH LAW

{Analog. Oct. 1961)

Whether the Dean device works or not the government science agencies have been provaWy guilty of Scientific Lynch Law. Remember, and keep firmly in mind, the point that Lynch
nothing whatever to do with the guilt or innocence of the solely deals with the attitudes and methods of the lynchers A man who s been caught red-handed in the act of murder, is still a victim of lynching if he's strung up without trial. The Patent Department quite some years back made a ruling that no perpetual motion patents would be considered without a working model. The Patent Department acknowledges the right of a man who can m fact demonstrate his idea to patent a perpetual motion device The entire defense of the orthodox scientists has rested on this: Since D'Jan's device obviously can't work, there is no need to investigate it. It makes absolutely no difference whether the accused is guilty-in-fact or not. he has, we hold, a right to a fair trial. It took a great nnany centuries to establish that principle. It's still a tough battle to force people to accept that principle particularly when strong emotional attitudes are at work. Most of the physicists who actually allowed themselves to see a demonstration of the device came away badly shaken, arxj thoroughly convinced not that it worked, but that it had to be investigated thoroughly

Law has

accused but

The prime point of the June, 1960 artide. is hd^ proven. The inventor of breakthrough concepts is faced Lynch Law attitude when he seeks to get ideas through t government. They will not give him a Fair Trial, when his de a breakthrough device because, by definition, a breakthf device demonstrates a hitherto unguessed potentiality k Universe. And is, therefore by definition, contrary to "knowi established laws of Nature" Now someone with an idea like Dr Robert GodC trying to get the oovernment interested in rocket power. I really rough time. Par for that course is beautifully illustrated lovely little case down m the Smithsonian Museum in Washin There are models of the beautiful gold medal awarded to Dr. dard in 1960 posthumously, of course. Science is always and willing to honor its pioneers particularly after they're t dead. And particularly after the Germans first applied Godd developments, and the Russians have been outdoing us sa
I i

then, to show an American started it ail. Goddard, however, was merely applying then-knowi accepted laws, to accomplish a desired end. What he had wa science-fiction of what we might call Type I: the theoret explainable-not-yet-practical device
liantly. It's nice.

'Robert Huichmgs Goddard (1882-1945)

rocket pioneer

was an American physidt

Campbell should be credited for helping Dean get his theories tested. Unfortunately, Campbell had not backed a winner. Others have gotten a lot closer to that elusive secret than Norman Dean did. Additional stones on Norman Dean appeared in other publications. The September 1961 issue of Popular Mechanics contained an article entitled "Engine with Built-ln-Wings",; and a missile science magazine. Missiles and Rockets, published several pieces concerning "Dean's drive." Dean was beginning to
stir

The, magazine articles about Dean did e) ence their share of criticism. A common response expressed by Donald Wedekind to the editor of siles and Rockets:

up

publicity.

In a letter lo

Analog Dean expresses

his views.

Missiles and Rockets is prejudicing its reputation as a ( source of missile science developments bypersistn reporting such pseudo-scientific claims as Dean's am proponents. A clear description of the principle of open of the "Drive" and its logical disproof are topics on elementary physics level and unworthy of a prolonged nical treatment. I suggest abandonment of the topic relegation of the models of the "Drive" to the museu,
ibie
t

Following
fully

is

his interpretation of his conflict with the

perpetual motion machines (or to outer space under own power). *^

laws of physics. (Notice that he doesn't

seem

to

be

aware
is

of

what the
in law.

real conflict

is.)

Norman
The error
not but

the assumption. The laws are

He
11,

died
1971.

in

L. Dean no longer answers his cri the late 1960s. John Campbell died on

valid, this particular assumption is not. The error arises from attempting to illustrate the principle of the law of Consen/ation of Momentum under circumstances that induce forces which, in actuality, do not permit the supposed behavior to occur. Demonstration will show that the supposed behavior does not occur, never has occurred and never will occur.
'

Disappointingly, most of the inventors in area have given up because financial and scier support has failed to materialize. Most financial Ix ers do not want to fund an invention lacking in sc tific support, so to generate capital for this resean
difficult at best.

Dean goes on to descnbe his system. (Recall this confusing explanation when you later read the clear description of the CIP engine in Chapter 7.)
The System could be considered as an alternating force " The disciplines, methods and dynamics of the System are not pertinent here They concern, among others, the properties of the phenomenon, methods of energy transference, the principle that the induced forces in a rotating body are always greater than the inertia of its center of gravity, and the methods of distributing total input energy in the System to produce specific resultants "
"rectifier.

A
Missiles

letter

published

in

the

May

29, 1961 issu

and Rockets profiles a person who bea discouraged and gave up:
Over 20 years ago I devised, on paper, an anti-glk method based on displaced inertia masses, and
couraged by financial conditions from experimenting However, I did take n to the Chief of Engineering and at Douglas Aircraft, where I was then employed, a Head of the Physics Department at UCL A., wher

- 59

y obtained my Master's Degree. The peculiar results, cases, were exactly these:
1.

Initially derisior).

2.

After some investigation, the independent conclusion of both men was as follows: ^eems impractical, but no way of disproving it. There is no mathematical basis for measuring this new principle. Therefore, it must be proved experimentally.

to provide the missing link for Dean's cuts out a great deal of gearing and throws jf the mechanical processes into the realm of electhereby saving space and weight. A hint of its nature e name I have given it: The planetary rotor (in which mass orbits free, like a true planetary system}. Ream >r. Nature made all the discoveries before I did. pying Nature.'*

ithod
1

seems
it

in that

When the great mathematician and philosopher Baron Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz studied one of the early air-balloon designs, he came to the conclusion that this airship could never be built: The spheres would have to be enormously large and the walls extremely thin, and in practice this was "impossible." Leibnitz ruminated. "Here God has. so to speak, put a bar across man's path, and quite rightly. If men could also travel through the air, there would no longer be any checking their wickedness!"'* In 1783 the first balloon was ready for a public demonstration in Paris. A crowd of about 300,000
people half the
total

population of the city watched

the event despite a downpour. The quietly floating balloon rose 3,000 feet and vanished into a cloud, appeared again, and gradually drifted away. After about

We're certain many other pronnising paths have been abandoned because Newton's laws Jominated for almost 300 years. It is easy to
B

revolutionary ideas.

and descended from Paris. In the village, pandamonium ensued. The inhabitants fled in panic, wondering whether a craft had fallen from some other world. A few bold citizens approached the "monster," which moved and emitted

two hours
in

aloft,

it

split

from

overfilling

an unsuspecting

village 15 miles

The whole

history of aviation

is full

of those

a smell of sulphur.

As experts

in

the matter, two

coffed at the thought of people flying. This attippears even before humankind succeeded at air In 1685 a book called the l^orass-Diggers'
J

monks confirmed
Finally,

that the. monster

came from

Hell.

remarked with contempt:

have those fellows brought
to
ridicule

the most courageous villagers attacked the balloon cover with stones, pitchforks, and a firearm, and vanquished it by riddling it with holes. "Thereupon

(ten
s

upon them-

who sought

make men

fly?

For they did not

know

written in the Scriptures, "As the bird to flight, so is )rn to work. " and what advantage would there be in Anyone who looks at the se if men could fly? properly will see not only little use. but great incon:es arising out of fluttering to and fro. Indeed, such ntor would be the cause of many deaths. For assumt it could be put into effect, positively every news. . .

A/ould

soon be

relating

how one

here and another

tad fallen from the air to his death, and had to be out of rivers or thorn bushes, half eaten away, and
ts

In

1713 Joseph Addison even discovered an

y new danger that flying might bring: immoralHe warned that couples would bill and coo like on the dome of St. Paul's, that lovers would fly
j

out of their sweetheart's windows, or even

the object of their affections through the
air like

'k

The craziest arguments have enough been advanced against new inventions
hunting a
lark.

the banner of rationality, but Addison at least

d the

spirit of satire.

on the other hand, was the opinion of a French savant, which rendered the discussion superfluous. Joseph Lalande, the
Entirely serious,

lomer, declared
for a

in

1782 that

it

was

man

to rise into the air

quite imposand stay there-

of doing so.'' A year rose into the air and stayed there: -balloon finally set people free of the ground.

was no conceivable means

he
first

man

'Hawk hunting

a lark

"

60 -

they tied the tool of the finest physical experiment that ever had been made to the tail of a horse, and dragged it a thousand fathoms across the field." Thus we see the 1783 response to a history making invention. In the early 1800s the idea of pulling cars with a steam locomotive was put forth and

left. That Professor Goddard with his "chair" in College and the countenance of the Smithsonian Instit does not know the relation of action to reactioa ant need to have something better than a vacuum against m to react, to say that would be absurd. Of course he seems to lack the knowledge ladled out daily in

have

schools."
This Times article displays precisely the
ing attitude

promptly
sure
it

deemed ridiculous. Moreover, people were was dangerous: Why. the boiler would burst

same

dar

the passengers! Sparks from the locomotive would set fire to all the houses along the railroad! The smoke would kill birds, animals, grass! Yes. the steam
kill all

and

we

have put on

trial

throughout

chapter.

locomotive
allowed.

was undoubtedly
took the
first

too dangerous to be
flight

No one
seriously. After

plane

much more
and
fail-

Of all past inventors, Thomas Edison's out seems most to reflect that of Robert Cook's. Edis success was a combination of native energy arx stinctive curiosity coupled with a commitment tc
lentless practical experiment.

decades

of reported "flights"

Edison never

lik

half-baked inventors, sensationseekers and assorted cranks, the press was wary. After all the sound and fury that had surrounded flying
for centuries, there

ures by scientists,

look back.

He

said that spilt milk didn't interest hin

lot.

he had

spilled a

Cook and Edison

also share the belief

i

was

at last

was dead silence when success attained Few people believed the brief

announcement in the paper, and a group of newspapermen who had come to watch the flight of a newly-built machine in May 1904 saw nothing (because of unfavorable wind conditions and a mechanical defect), and immediately washed their hands of these inventors who claimed to be able to do what no one
could.

emphasis should be placed on practice rather theory, which explains both their success as inven and the slowness with which the world of science
recognized their achievements. For example,
ton's Principia gave Ediso'n an almost arrogant

N
<

The aeroplane of Orville and Wilbur Wright was and ready for use but neither the American nor any other government took any interest in the brothers. The Wrights traveled to Europe, offered their invention to Britain, France, and Germany, and came
finished

mathematics, and it certainly didn't enha his skill in seeing intuitively to the heart of many p lems based on figures. A family friend helped ta plain the Principia in simple language. The res according to Edison was:

tempt

for

home empty-handed. 20
The Wright brothers twice offered their idea to the U.S. Army. After the second time, the Army repeated verbatum the opening paragraphs of their form
and demanded drawings to prove that the 1905 i.i fact fly The Wrights gave up. Wilbur stated that it was bad ousmess to try "to force goods upon people who did not want them."*'
letter,

at once came to the conclusion that Newton could I dispensed his knowledge in a much wider field h, known less about figures. It gave me a distaste for ma matics from which I never recovered I look upon figt as mathematical tools which are employed to carve logical result of reasoning, but I do not consider them i essary to assist one to an intelligent understanding of
/
. . .

result."

Flyer could

The inhospitable feelings of contemporary science toward the principle of Cook's reactionless drive has been similar to what Dr. Robert Goddard
encountered
travel to the

when he announced his plan for rocket moon m the 1920s. It is interesting to look

at the reaction of the

New York Times of that period regarding Dr. Goddard's proposed method of space
travel.

A SEVERE STRAIN ON THE CREDULITY

As a method of sending a missile to the higher and even to the highest pans of the Earth's atmospheric envelope. Professor Goddard's rocket is a practicable and. therefore, promising device. It is when one considers the multiplecharge rocket as a traveler to the Moon that one begins to doubt for after the rocket quits our air and really starts on Its longer journey, its flight would be neither accelerated nor maintained by the explosion of the charges it then might
.

"And to think the worlds experts are " brothers they cant Uy

stil"

tellmg the

WW

- 61

Years afterward he was to claim: "I am not a can get within 10 percent in the 2r reaches of the art." And, with more truth but arrogance too: "I can always hire mathemati"2< but they can't hire me. Similarly, Cook's initial inability to defend his a! theories with mathematics and proper termijies resulted in the rejection of his working
^ematlcian, but
I
!

Citations,

Chapter 3
^:2?

"The Fourth Law of Motion." Analog "viay 1962). p. 99 ""S (Mav 19fi7> oo A/ewswee/r (March 17. 1980) p 62 Sagan. 5/-ocas Sra/n. p 30 '' "''' '''^""^' ''ot^-'-r Astoun<,n, Uun"ei^60?.Ta"' Dynamic Analysis Number D-71.77. "United Air Lm t- r ^*"'*' and Process Engineering Report." (September 1971 p 4 *"
6.

S.^^'Ji W Davis

af""

""" ^'' ''"^'" """-

'9791. p. 21.

(O^tiblrtr^or'^"'""^

""'

'"^'

.
.

Cook's

initial inability to

his radical theories with

defend math15.

rMa"?S63rV'5"''""'"
Ibid. p.

John Campbell. Jr.. "Report of the Dean Drive " Analoa Saence ^i^^log <ir,n^^ ^acfaodf/cf/on (September 1960) p 5 Tunley, "Unbelievable but True " ^''" ''"'^" ''"' '*^'^

'^''^^'^'y^'en.ng Post

^^^.AnaH^

90.

ematics and proper terminologies in the rejection of his working models.

resulted

Donald Wedekind. "Donald Wedekind Letter " Letters to th. Prti., Missiles and Rockets (September "''' 4 1961) p 52 **""'' ' "' ^*''" '^'""" *"<' ^^x^^^" (M^y 29 T96n ^ i'^"*

i^ cSn't T 05%' "!T"

16. 17. 18.
19.
Ibid;

' "' '^""^ ''"' 8"'*"=

'"<=h

Clay

p lis.

Ibid; p. 115. Ibid, p. 117.

Ibid, pp. 122. 123 Ibid, p. 146. National Geographic. Special Publications Division Those Inv^nHum Americans (Washington, National Geographic sSret;:T97T

Is.

It

takes a great and unusual person to invent

20. 21.

thing that experts

issible."
t

Edison
It

was

unanimously deem to be that kind of man. and so is

24.

DC:

New York
Ibid; p. 10.

Times (January

13. 1920)

Cook.

life

worthwhile taking a capsulized look and early experiences in order to understand

is

GT?uSrr^-,'ir

\l%T^^ """'
.

"^

'"'"''*

'^- ^^-^

K.

Jrove this man to bring his remarkable reactionigine into the world.

4.

The Im/entar, Robert Cook Mtk

I
*
in

heyoungestinafamilyof eight

children, Robert

(Bob) Cook, the inventor of the CIP,

was born

Presidio. Texas on March 1, 1934 Presidio is a border town on the Rio Grande River 200 miles southeast of El Paso in "Big Bend Country." Its population is

about 1.000. Bob's father. Fred Cook, of Gernnan and British ancestry, was a geologist and licensed mining and civil engineer. His mother, Jesusita Rodrigues Leaton, was of Spanish. British, and Indian descent, and came from a once quite wealthy family. (Jesusita's greatgrandfather, Ben Leaton, was a legendary hero of southwestern Texas.) In the early 1900s Bob's father traveled extensively on horseback throughout Mexico. He was. at the time, head of one of the top exploration and mining teams in that country. Around the age of 23 he branched off from the exploration team to prospect on

own in a remote area. While prospecting stumbled on an Indian village where he found sevi young Indian boys playing with a rock containing g( When the Indian boys led him to where the rock been discovered he found to his amazementextremely rich deposit of gold in a mountainside, staked a claim and began to develop a prosperous g
his

mine.

A few
all

years

later,

the Mexican governm

nationalized

foreign holdings and Fred

Cook

lost

mine. Still, at the age of 25, he returned to the Uni States a wealthy man. By the crash of 1929, he not only lost the remainder of this fortune, but others as well. During his lifetime he traveled mos the world. His varied experiences included sev years in China managing mining operations and, im
i

1940s and 1950s appraising large mining claim* Nevada for the United States government. Some of Bob's formative years elapsed du the father's absence. To support his family, Fred C was (in 1937) forced by economic conditions to s work as a mining engineer where he could. Thus. was raised by his mother and Spanish-speaking ai
I

adobe home with dirt floors anc plumbing. (This dwelling was, at that t and place, a typical Presidio house. The town itself no modern utility or transportation systems. The fai owned the land on which the house stood and elec
in a

small Presidio

electricity or

Fred Cook prospecting

Cook's birthplace

m Prestdio.

Texas

63

would put the makeshift light on the couch and sleep on the floor next to it. When he occasionally jostled the couch, the batteries would make contact with the bulb, and the light would go on. The women worried that he would burn down the house. He soon learned other ways to use batteries and, by adding wires, was able to light his playhouse. By the age of eight he had educated himself on the subject of running wires from
sources to lights. Outside of their consternaover his first attempt at playing with electricity, his mother and aunts adopted a neutral attitude toward his early experiments. They neither encouraged nor discouraged him. Anything that spun, fascinated the boy: the spin of a gas-driven or electric motor or. in nature, the spin of whirlpools and whirlwinds. He experimented. He loved to puncture a little hole in a sardine tin, fill the tin with water, and watch the tiny whirlpool created as the water drained. To satisfy his curiosity, he ran inside whirlwinds to see what they felt like and how they worked. He also built small windmills to observe them spin in the breeze. Once, finding an old electric fan, he placed it in the window so he could study how the v/ind would cause it to spin. (Utilizing the wind was essential because there was no electricity In the
electrical

tion

house.)

he

Mirrors and reflections also intrigued him. How would wonder could light be converged at a single point? It was quite a thrill for the boy to go out in his backyard at night with a small mirror and reflect the

ft

to right:

Tom

Cook,

Ann Cook, and Robert Cook. A 1942

aph.

moonlight to different parts of the garden. None of his school chums shared interest in his ideas. As a youngster. Bob couldn't understand why. Peer disinterest, however, did not deter his curiosity as the years went by. That attribute only increased.

father because the harsh enviworksites the mining camps had shockingly, been the direct cause of the death e babies m the family. The thought of subjecting maining children to this danger was unbearable
nts of his

accompany the

mother.)
Early on, his family realized that
ry child
Initial

indications of his abilities

Bob was no came

the age of four.

ing,

who on one
of the

A well-educated neighbor, occasion spent a lot of time

When he was eight, he and his family moved Henderson. Nevada. He knew just a few words of English, so he was not only introduced to a completely new life but forced to learn a completely new language as well. Proud by nature, the language handicap caused the boy to feel inferior to the English-speakers around him. Whenever someone called attention to the fact that he could only speak Spanish, he resented it. Until he learned English, he coped mainly by keepto ing his

mouth
In

shut.

neighborhood kids, observed that 3ught on faster, and could both comprehend and )rize more quickly than any of the other children, ought this fact to the attention of his mother and who began to watch him more closely. Even in his earliest years Robert Cook had an ible curiosity about nature and how things j His family frequently found it entertaining to him at play At the age of five, he accomplished t experiment, which got him into some troublein old discarded Hershey chocolate can, two es. and a light bulb, he built a flashlight. He

ome

the

new

surroundings he

War some

II.

Early in 1945.

knew little of World when he was 11, he witnessed

horrifying scenes in a newsreel: footage of a Nazi concentration camp with dead bodies stacked like firewood. This experience affected the youth pro-

foundly.

human
for

He had iDeen raised to believe that every was priceless and should not be destroyed any reason. His shock was so intense that his voice
life

changed from
like

clear

normal tones to those sounding

someone

extreme sorrow. Robert Cook's love of and concern for

suffering from

human

life

was

(and

is)

extraordinary. In his childhood, these

64

sentiments went far deeper than anyone would have expected. Not only did the boy's voice change, but he lost the capacity to laugh for ainnost a year. His school nurse became deeply concerned because he couldn't eat for days on end. growing extremely skinny. The nurse recommended a doctor but the boy knew there was no medication to help. His heart had been broken by finding himself alive in a world whose behavior was too hideous to accept. After the War. he eventually regained his normal voice as well as the ability to
laugh, but the psychic scar created has never fully

press

became maladjusted and

the paper

tore

figured he could help his inexperienced pres: clean and rethread the press the next day.

run off 20,000 papers tonight andi the morning and run off the remaining 12, Cook boasted. Stoddard laughed and left. He couldn't b< that was possible, not when the press was desr
."I'll

back

in

vanished.
nia for a year

The family relocated again to Oakland. Califorand then settled in Concord, a town

to print approximately 10,000 papers per day operated by a journeyman pressman with at k years experience. That night Cook ran off the 20,000 papers rifying the flyboy** who had never seen the pre* so fast before.

20 miles away. Cook's interest in machinery intensiAs a teenager he earned pocket money repairing automobiles, especially certain European models that local mechanics had difficulty troubleshooting. His love of cars ran so deep that he would sometimes fix them for nothing just for the chance to drive them. Cook was basically bored in high school and did
fied.

not do well academically. He seemed to share Thomas Edison's opinion that time in school was wasted on

When Stoddard opened the shop the; morning and saw the 20,000 papers he was com the old pressman had returned to finish the jon day Cook ran off the remaining 12.000 papers iri^ dard's presence. The astonished foreman then ted the young man was for real. Cook had found a real challenge, one v would lead to his operating and repairing huge m
newspaper presses, some of the most mechanisms in the world. These huge pre are a showcase of rotary motion. A high-speed m politan newspaper press takes huge rolls of papei reels them at speeds of over 1,500 feet per mi
politan

subjects not essential. He did. however, go on to Contra Costa (Diablo) Junior College in Pleasant Hill. California. His parents had hopes their son would complete a formal college education, but the young man rapidly expenenced the same boredom with his studies and couldn't wait to leave school for
enroll at East

plicated

world of machinery. he was 19. he met a man named Lyman Stoddard. Jr., a shop foreman and son of the editor and publisher of the \A/alnux Kernel in Walnut Creek. California. Stoddard hired Cook as a printing press apprentice at the paper and became impressed when the young man did some work on his car. When, a few months later, the pressman quit without notice and there was no one with experience to run the press, Cook persuaded his boss to let him try. Now this

his real love, the

You can cut

This paper can take multiple folds, multiple print it, transfer it, and deliver it at a rate of

When

press (a 38-year-old, 14-ton flatbed press) gave the "old timers" a lot of headaches even when in top shape.

particular printing

1.000 impressions per minute. Cook loved tuii those presses wide open and watching their nrl anisms work at top speed. After only two weeks at the Kernel, the perienced teenager shattered all production rec on that old press. The previous pressman had aged two web breaks a night. Cook understoodi machine so well that, while he was in charge, ti was never a web break on Tuesday night when \ weekly paper was mailed out.
i

web

Once, one of

his co-workers, a

young

"How do you know you can run that old press?" Stoddard asked "You have no expenence."
"I've watched it," Cook said, pointing to his head. "It's up here S'oddard, who had run the press himself and knew the complexity of it, reflected, think"

ing that the kid couldn't possibly run it. But since he couldn't find a replacement for the pressman, and was

The Contra Costa Tir' which had a press identical to the one Cook ran. employees at the Times asked her how many breaks they had a night at the Kernel. The yc woman had never heard one; she didn't know \' they were talking about. The Times emplo\ assumed she must be deaf because a web break,
to a competitor,
'

went over

explained,

boomed

like

thunder.

She

insisted she: >he'

desperate, he reluctantly consented to help Cook start the press. As Stoddard prepared to leave he instructed Cook to run the press until the web broke* and then go home. He was sure it wouldn't be long before the

never heard one. The competitors (who averaged several a night) decided they would have to see for selves what was up at the Kernel, whose employ) nT to their amazement, confirmed that Cook had n
1

A "web b(ak" occurs when

o KJtlers

ol

ihe sheet ol p<ipef ih^eaded ihcough a senes and cyHndeti. etc breaks Web breaks can reguue several hours work, including cleaning .ind rethreaOing the press

**Th flybOY IS the one who pulls the papers out ol the press and times serves as the pressman's assisiarn

65 -

years. eb break on Tuesday night for several

o

It

be believed. Cook was soon averV 5 000 papers per hour (compared to the old quality of of about 2,000 per hour), and the .vas second to none in the area. The most influential and supportive person in
seen
to

>;

life

during these years

was

his

mother. She

^ys encouraging
s a lot of

him and loved

to listen to

him

various experiences.

She especially ex-

happiness when hearing of her son's mechanical successes. The intense deterCook possesses by nature can be directly his family and ancestors, whom he describes rcng and ambitious people." Cook worked for various publishers in the print3:ie

for the next 17 years. During that span, he ed recognition as a mechanical genius. His abilsvere never acknowledged instantly, however inew employee he frequently met with initial ^dliness. His characteristic slow walk and easyII

manner tended to mask his considerable abiln time, though, he would always gradually gain )-workers respect, trust, and admiration, and tely made many friends in the printing business, was responsible over the years for at least seven nt inventions utilized by the printing trade, as
s several innovative

Spencer), Left to right: Robert at 21; his godmother {Gavinita mother (Mrs. F. W. Cook), and sister-in-law (Donna Cook).

The estimate turned out

improvements

for operating

esses.

to be the absurd sum of $500. necessary shop-built parts, and some to compensate Cook.

some

for

An
(the

article in

the Concord Journal of April

"It

9,

newspaper

of Concord, California) reviews

1953

start in printing:

was

the fastest

nticeship ever served. In a matter of a few of a fairly s, he was able to master the problems licated newspaper press, that usually takes an
ntice five years."

This kind of praise was based on incidents such e following. While Cook worked at the Walnut demanded an 7. an important advertising account for his ads. To make the press print 3' color" xtra color required installing a special color

Cook was evaluating ways to assemble his attachment when Stoddard one day unexpectedly asked if he were ready to print color. Cook prematurely concluded he was. "Well, want you to put the attachment on the press tonight before you go home," Stoddard said, "and want proof on my desk in the morning that this thing will work so we can take on this sudden job." With the crushing deadline Cook
I
I

was

forced to redesign his idea

in

order to

make

the

attachment less complicated. He soon simplified the idea so much that he was able to put the color attach-

^ment.
3ble,
)0.

was

The factory had two different attachments one for around $5,000 and another for

Before purchasing one, Stoddard arranged to another press belonging to the Diablo Beacon

in four hours. And the final cost of parts a shocker: 26 cents! This surprisingly earned Cook $499 for four hours of work. Stoddard (though reluctantly) eventually did honor the financial agreement. The attachment, however, more than paid for

ment together

itself

on the

first run.

which already had a color attachThis piece of equipment was the only one of its west of the Mississippi. Cook ran the color ad on
:ord, California),
:.

ented press, but was never satisfied with it. He ght about the situation and proposed to Stoddard he, Cook, build a customized color attachment for (ernel press Stoddard discouraged this: "By the

Upon announcing this invention. Cook began to learn a lot about human nature. Hardly anyone took him seriously: The device was just too simple to work; the inventor too young to know sound mechanical principles. Pressmen from other local shops couldn't
resist coming to see the initial press run using this odd-looking 26-cent attachment. Most scoffed at this "flimsy" gadget and thought Cook crazy. Stoddard, they felt, was foolish to take chances on losing such a valuable advertising account by putting faith in a simple device conceived and built by a young, inexperienced

we're finished building

Id

all

cost

more than

a factory
I

the precision parts, it model. Why invest all

money

can't afford the risk." in this old press? But Cook persisted until, finally. Stoddard d him to wort up a cost estimate on the project.

person.

Some

also reasoned that

if

something so

66

in

my

shop,

it

doesn't set a good example.") Stoddl

Ccj

consented to discuss his mother's wishes with who agreed to cooperate.

The next few weeks Cook avoided his "^ naps" while the owner was present. Soon, though^ was back in to see Stoddard "I've lost six pounds i can't hack it." Stoddard unc I'm feeling lousy. stood. "You go right back to your chair. I'll deal vi my mother." What Stoddard didn't understand v how Cook did it. That press required any pressmar be prepared to make fine adjustments to the wel
I

any time.

What did Cook actually do in that chair? Slei Daydream? Stoddard never knew. Years later guessed that maybe the presses had become just simple for his young employee, whose mind probi wandered away to "perpetual motion" or oti
"impossible ideas." In 1957, the Walnut Kernel went on strike Cook began working at the Livermore News (l4 more. California) owned by Lowell Jessen. a hif respected publisher who at that time was presiden the National Publishers Association. The- presi Livermore. a 27-ton flatbed web press, was very

place award presented by the 1957 California Newspaper Publishers Association competition where over 700 entnes

Lyman Stoddard.

Jr.

receiving a

first

California

Governor Goodwin Kmght

in

daily and weekly newspapers. Robert Cook had produced the clean, sparkling print job on the Kernel's old flatbed web press (Goss-Dupiex) that contributed to the tremendous success

were made by both

simple would work, then why hadn't the huge nnultimillion dollar printing press factory done the sanne thing 50 years ago when this press was first designed? Cook knew why they had just never thought of it. The attachnnent proved to be "fantastic." It worked far more precisely and was far easier to operate than the factory-built model. So, in 1957, Cook had
successfully proven his invention and had
led

and complicated. After a few months of working this machine. Cook again came up with a unique i to make this old press print "color." This idea was best yet in terms of simplicity. He presenter to Jessen. Initially, Jessen accepted the idea as feasi
\i

but

was

to discuss

cautious enough to bring in a factory engir it. The engineer explained in great

won

his

colleagues' respect and admiration. This experience

Cook to believe that "expert" knowledge can sometimes hinder a person in finding the "truth."

Stoddard was proud of Cook. He recognized his gift. In 1980 he would recall Cook as being "by far" the best pressman he had ever seen in the business. Stoddard laughs when he remembers the old stuffed leather chair Cook positioned near the press. When the press

was

fully

adjusted.

Cook would

relax in his chair

and

close his eyes. Stoddard couldn't believe it. No one could sleep and run that press. That particular specimen was one of the worst in the business!
In spite of this eccentricity,

Cook was produc-

ing better results than could

be obtained from the factory specifications of a new press. For that reason Stoddard didn't complain about the "sitting down on the job " On the other hand, Stoddard's mother, the owner, wasn't quite as pleased when she toured the shop. She insisted on strict discipline and couldn't believe her son would allow any employee to sleep on the job She put pressure on her son ("No one sleeps

that

"You see that guy sleeping over there' on the |0b. you're fired
*

If

ever catch

67

advice it wouldn't work. As a result of this expert en decided against construction of the device. knew he had a sound idea and just couldn't rstand why a highly educated mechanical engi-

Because of the inventiveness of Pressman Bob Cook, the twelve-page press had been adapted to use one of the three decks for color. Test runs have shown it to be feasible This is the first known use of a third deck on a flatbed press
for

spot

color.

from the factory couldn't see things the way

j.

Although Cook did not gain

financially

from

this

The idea (which was worth at sand dollars) had been offered as
:'s

least several
a gift out of

generosity, a token of appreciation for the fine

Jessen had treated him.

When

Jessen departed

successful venture, it did give him deeper insight into how the human mind reacts to truth when that truth is almost too simple to comprehend. Several letters (Exhibit 4-1a and 4-1b) attest to the high regard Jessen

usiness to Florida, the temporary manager ap:hed Cook and questioned him regarding his poscolor attachment. Cook convinced the manager him build the device because it would give the less an advantage over competing newspapers if )rked, and the manager had nothing to lose if it

The device was built. It proved entirely feasible, return, Jessen was pleasantly surprised. A public record of this success written by 3ll Jessen can be found on the front page of the
t.

is

;h

4,

1958 Livermore News:

had for Cook; one even descnbed him as the "Babe Ruth" of the flatbed web circuit. Cook returned to work at the Walnut Kernel for about six years, and then was hired on at the Olympic Press (Oakland. California) owned by Sheldon F. Sackett, who wanted him badly. Sackett was not only familiar with Cook's reputation but had practical knowledge of his work because Cook had filled in as a substitute pressman on prior occasions and had shattered all production records with the old press then in use. He was determined to have Cook run a new highspeed, rotary letterpress just installed as well as the

iRMORE VALLEY PUBLISHING CO.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiniiiininiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiniiiiniiiiinniiiim

LOWELL
M.
R.

E.

JESSEN. Publitkar
PubtUkt

HENRY, Aiieciatt

rmore Ave.

P.

O. Box

31

Phones: Hilltop 7-2111. Hilltop 7-2112. Hilltop 7-3S45

LIVERMORE. CALIFORNIA

March 11,

19.60

Dear Bob,

Again iny personal thanks for helping us over several tough problems on our press runs. In fact, youfre the Babe Ruth of the flat bed web circuit. We appreciate yotir willing and xinder standing disposition, and tr\ist that our paths wilL cross again. Hope 70U have a lot of fun working on your book, and that you*ll fn^oy a quiet time among those noisy Texans.
Sincerely,
lERS

OF

Newt

vermore Herald
ivermore

Lowell Jes

Shopping Newt

lleyt Advertiser

jRCIAL PRINTING Newj Preji

iplimentary letter from Jessen to Cook after Cook helped several emornencios at the Livermore News pressroom worked else/.'tiere at the time).

68

April 24, 1958

Mr. Frank Baker, manager

Flatbed Service Department Goss Printing Press Company 5601 West 31st Street Chicago 50, Illinois

Dear Frank:
In response to your latest letter, our pressman is preparing to send you drawings and other pertinent data on his applied-for-patent automatic depression compen-

sator.
His mame is Robert L. Cook. His address: 200 Ualtham Road, Concord, California. Phone: MUlberry 2-4109.

The idea back of it is simple. The compensator Itself looks complicated in the drawings, though there is only one difficult pin to perfect.
Bob is prolific with ideas. As I said before, he has an automatic mailing machine that will handle flatbed or cylinder mailings right from the press. One of them is in operation. He worked out a two-color arrangement for a Model E, enabling the shop to print many thousands of spot color handbills and tabloids for large concerns. He is the one who figured how to spot color on our three-decker and had the patience and skill Co do it.

Bob's attorney advises hin to sell his Idea, or take royalties, thus freeing him to work on other Ideas. You'll find him a fine person to work with.
Now, when do we get the slitter We'll need it early in June,
I

ordered from you?

Sincerely,

Lowell E. Jessen

Ex 4-1b

An interesting letter from Jessen Company regarding Cook's inventive

to the
abilities

Guss

Printing Press

69

otype department. When Sackett announced his he created quite a controversy with the unions, felt hinn to be a candidate for the bug factory for suggesting that a pressman who had never run lew press (or any stereotype department) could biy handle these jobs. Either position required a
ear apprenticeship, which Cook didn't have. Sackett ignored his critics and sent Cook to
Bay,
}er

self trouble-shooting airplanes great success.

with we may add

Oregon to train on similar equipment at newspaper he owned. The World. Using his
Sackett forced the unions to accept Cook.

jge,

One noteworthy example involved a small Mexican airliner used by a "trunk line" in the State of Chihuahua in 1961. The pilot was clearing customs in Presidio, Texas, en route to Champs Aviation in El Paso, Texas, where the plane was purchased, and now needed important repair work. While in Presidio the pilot offered Cook (who had come to see the plane out of curiosity) a ride to El Paso and back that day if Cook would help with the fuel costs. He agreed. The
repairs

only three days of instruction in Oregon, Cook led Xo California to run both departments. It took
for the newspaper to look as good or than any in the city. All the while, Cook was rapidly becoming an t in rotary motion, gaining practical experience

entailed adjusting the plane's rate-of-climb indicator a simple job and the gas gauge, which

few weeks

n on-the-job education for what was yet to come, arned to consider the critical factors involved in e speeds of spinning masses, and how to transI

object from

speeds.

He

one set of rollers to another at very learned some of the most complex needed to run multiple units at Most importantly, he developed
and
inertia.

ig combinations

seemed to have a mysterious problem. The gauge had been checked by the mechanics in Chihuahua City, Mexico, biJt they couldn't find the problem. In fact one mechanic had accompanied the pilot for the explicit purpose of learning how to repair this sort of gauge problem. When the master switch was turned on with the engine off or idling, the gauge worked fine, but once the engine was started and "revved" up to a high speed, the gauge suddenly stopped working. It was hoped that these repairs could be made by returning
the plane to the dealer
in El

ent time phases.

Paso.

nendous

feel for forces

There were both centrifugal and Coriolis forces ed in the presses. As a matter of fact, tremenIn super highheavy lead printates on the press tended to be pulled away from late cylinders holding them, by centrifugal force, in impression adjustments had to be made to ensate. Coriolis forces were present as the s in the folder continuously spun in and out of the
J

centrifugal forces

were developed.

letterpresses, for example, the

and his

Cook's awareness of these forces feel for the dynamics of

cutting cylinder. And, of course, there

were prob-

with inertia and torque. Huge rolls of paper le weighing as much as 2,000 pounds spinning h speeds had tremendous inertia. When making gency stops the press would quit, but the inertia i rolls would sometimes continue to feed paper le ink and press rollers, and if not stopped in time

spinning masses have combined with his acute intuition to provide the tools for developing a new propulsion system.

In

El

Paso, at

Champs

Aviation,

the chief

worth of gears. Cook's awareness of these forces and his feel e dynamics of spinning masses have combined
of dollars

damage thousands

mechanic got on the repairs immediately and solved all the problems except for the gas gauge, whose malfunctioning

acute intuition to provide the tools for deing a new propulsion system. His expenence in ield of flying also contributed knowledge that i later prove invaluable He received his private license in 1956 and, a year later, bought a runTimm navy trainer so badly in need of repairs it :laimed the plane would never fly again. But Cook 23 and with absolutely no background as an airmechanic) repaired that plane so that it passed ction. The plane did fly. Cook later purchased a
his

was the prime reason for the trip. Other mechanical experts had no more success so the afternoon return flight to Presidio was postponed. The following day the mechanics still had failed to find a

Cook in the meantime was itching to take a close look at the situation because of a pressing desire to return home But every time he got near the plane that morning he was told to stay away. Late in the afternoon, he again got close to the plane. An American mechanic had )ust pulled the gas gauge out and
solution.

passenger Piper PA 12 and, after its sale, bought child F -24 which also required repairs. So withjrmal Iraininq in this field Cook soon found him-

handed it to Cook, thinking the gauge defective. Cook studied the instrument but just couldn't see anything wrong with it and, replacing the old gauge with a new one, had not solved the problem.

70

panel with
the fuel

Given an opportunity to study the instrument all the covers pulled off Cook noticed that

control

engine
up.

was was

to

to

be put in the cutoff position. The be cranked over. The pilot was to]

gauge was

gauge.

He

sitting on top of the oil pressure spotted the trouble at once. The gas gauge

the electric fuel

pumps

running at

all

times

durir

was electrical and had two small electro-magnets that moved the needle. The oil pressure gauge, in turn, had a Bourdon tube, which expands with pressure. Cook
envisioned the engine "revving" up and the Bourdon tube expanding and making contact with the electromagnets. This process would affect the magnetic field and cause the needle of the gas gauge to move to the

Cook objected to this. If the electric fuel were left on while the engine was started, ar
followed the factory instructions of turning e firt mixture control wide open (after the engine fire<5 procedure could feed tremendous amounts of ravl '" into the cylinders if the engine failed to "rev' up. i engine stalled and the pilot left the mixture contn full rich position, the electric fuel pumps tendei keep feeding more raw fuel into the engine, and
pilot

"empty*" position. "I see your problem," Cook told the mechanic. "Simply elongate the holes and separate the instruments. That will cure your trouble." Thus, within minutes. Cook had uncovered a dffficulty that had mystified experienced mechanics of two
countries.

created

more trouble, sometimes a dangerous fire Cook developed his own surprising technit
the engines by turning on the electric
at the

He primed
turning

pumps, primed both

same

time, and, be

them

over, turned both electric fuel

pump;

Piper Twin Comanche with fuel injection engines. On a hot day this engine was very hard to restart if it had recently
a

Another instance involved

so no

case the engine didn't fire immediately there way the fuel could flood the engine. (The mec ical pump would supply the fuel if the engine re\
in

been flown. Cook didn't like the factory instructions, which recommended advancing the mixture control
while the throttles
cation appeared

up.)

Ted Thomas, then vice president

Aviation
in

of

Na
th.

were mostly
fuel

closed. After an indi-

Concord,

California,
this.

was

flying

with

on the

flow meter, the mixture

one day and saw him do

"There's only one

"What

we need

hefe

is

a magician

71 -

ke about your methods,"

tartled
until

than
)r

Thomas said. Cook Thomas concluded. "They work mine." From then on, the starting instruc-

zeroed

was

in on the problem. In a few days the system again working on automatic after nearly three

that airplane included a notation that the plane

be started with Cook's method. Through experience, and through exposure to ty of aircraft, Cook became extremely knowl)le about the basic principles of aviation. He had
s

years of being operated manually. Insofar as troubleshooting machines goes, Cook has yet to fail. There are several facets to Cook's inventiveness. A commitment to simplicity and a deep, stub-

born streak are two.

quality".

Thomas Edison shared

this latter

He

felt

that the trouble with

most inventors

endous natural "feel" not only for airplane and printing presses but for any complex
equipment. Once, he even repaired the water supply sysh1s home town, Presidio, Texas. Presidio had ed the latest in this kind of equipment. The was so complicated that no one in town could
it

was

nical

that they tried a few things and then quit. He himself never quit until he got what he wanted. Cook has always loved simplicity. ("I kill myself trying to figure out the easy way") His approach is to start with a general idea that works and trim away at it.
("I
is

think the

supreme excellence

is

simplicity,

and that

(/hen

needed

repairs, a factory-trained expert

Ibuquerque,
at
all

New

Mexico, would have to be

repair work. In 1970,

After this expert's death, the city could find

Cook on his reactionless hen he heard the waterworks hadn't worked / for over three years. He had no experience ch a system, but volunteered to examine it. He )und himself way over bis head immersed in a! electronics and a closed loop telemetry requiring telephone line hookups. Never havled with similar equipment, he was baffled for week. Finally, by studying the schematics and renting with various components, he gradually
to

do needed

Presidio experimenting

work.") One of the most marvelous aspects about Cook's inventions is indeed their beautifully simplified design, which allows them to be built by most competent machinists. Robert Cook is a natural, authentic mechanical expert. He has evidenced the ability to consider the insignificant but vital details of machinery that many conventional experts overlook. At the same time, he sees through the intricate complexities of sophisticated systems (as our transportation network) to embrace the kind of simplifications that nature herself admires. Clearly, such a brilliant and creative mechanical mind should be listened to very carefully as he presents desperately needed, realistic solutions for seemingly impossible problems.

what

strive for In

my

72

5. TheFailureSi

Wi
used

hat sort of history

drive?

Who

lies behind the reactionless has experimented on these drives?

17.

Farrall.

No
18.

A W. Inertial propulsion device. United Slates P 3.266.233. August 16. 1966

R
E.

What were some

of their results?

What

forces

were

Foster.

Convemng

rotary motion into unidirec

to propel? Before studying the

Cook

drive, let's
19.

motion. United States Patent No. 3,653,269. Issued A( 1972.

Gairing,
E.

consider these questions in order to gain a perspective on the development of this idea.

1,31 1,960. Issued

Floating Tool Holder. United States Pateit August 5, 1919.

by producing an new. This principle, though declared as one that violates Newton's laws, has nonetheless been heeded by inventors worldwide. Over 50 patents have been granted to inventors experimenting
internal force is not
in this field.

The concept

of trying to propel

20. 2

Gardner, C. B., Jr. Self propelled vetticle. United S Patent No. 1.731,303. Issued October 15. 1929.

Gddschmidt,

R. Propulsion of vehicles. United States F No. 1,511,960. Issued October 14, 1924.

22.

Halvorson. E. M., and Schwartz, K Vibration driven v United States Patent No. 3,530.617. Issued SeptemU 1970.

The following list of these patents indicates the scope of and approaches to this effort.

23.

Hermann.
Kellogg.

H. Autokinetischer Antneb. Gernrian Patert 1,556.820. Issued March 5, 1970.

24.

M.
J.

0.. Jr.

Gyroscopic

inertia!

space

drive, t

States Patent No. 3.203,644. Issued August 31. 1965.

25.
1.

Kuhnen.

Getriebe mit Veranderlicher Oberset;

13, 1926i

Atto.

\ Propulseur magnetique. French Patent No. 1,143 489. Issued April 15. 1957
J

26.

German Patent No. 425,244. Issued February Laroche. A Systime de locomotion sans
French Patent No. 559.565. Issued June

transmi:

2.

3.

4
5.

Prime mover. United States Patent No. 3,492.881 Issued February 3, 1970 di Bella. A Apparatus for imparxmg motion to a body United States Pateni No 3.404.854 Issued October 8, 1968 Benjamin. P M Centrifugal thrust motor. United States Patent No 3.750.484 Issued August 7. 1973.
Brich.

Auweele. A

19. 1923.

27.
28.
29.

Laskowitz. I. B. Centrifugal variable thrust mecha United States Patent No. 1.953.964. Issued April 10, 1i
Laskowitz. I. B. Centrifugal variable thrust mecha United States Patent No. 2.009.780 Issued July 30. IS
Lehberger. A. N. Centrifugal propulsion drive and s(( mechanism. United States Patent No. 3.897,692. h August 5, 1975.

Propulseur gryroscooique d impulsions

French
vehicules
30.

Patent

Canot.

No 1.347.123 Issued November 18, 1963. A C C Propulsion d'ieronefs ou d'autres

par utilisation ae I'^nergie on^tique. French Patent No. 1.458.088 Issued October 3. 1966
7

Llamozas. J. D. M. Direct push propulsion unit. United Patent No. 2,636,340. Issued April 28. 1953.

31

8.

A Umiaufschiagfiugelsystem German Patent No 632.908 Issued December 25. 1934 Cook. R L Propulsion system United States Patent No. 3.683.707 Issued August 15. 1972.
Codebo'.

Lundberg. F R. Mechanical propellent and steering Australian Patent No. 267,091. Issued November 21.

mn
U

32

Matyas. L B Propulsion apparatus. United States Pat 3,584,515 Issued June 15, 1971.

33

9.

10

Cuderman. A Centrifugal force propulsion Canadian Patent No 837.448 Issued March 24, 1970 Cuff. C Device for convening rotary motion into a unidirectional linear motion United States Patent No 3.968.700. Issued July 13. 1976

McAhster. RE. and McAlister. T. J., Jr. Propulsion sy. United States Patent No 3,756.086. Issued SepterYk
1973.
Miller. C. L.

34
35.

No

Reciprocating Mechanism. United States 1.280.269 Issued October 1, 1918

i^

Dean N
tional

L System for converting rotary motion into unidirecmotion United States Patent No 2.886.976 Issued l^ay 19. 1959 L Variable Oscillation

Modesti. J N. Manned disc-shaped flying craft. United Patent No 3.537,669 Issued November 3. 1970.
Neff, T Reaction motor. United States Patent Issued July 27. 1937

36
37.

No

2.00f'

12
13

Dean N

system United States Patent

1963

Neimann.

P.

Vornchtung

zum

Ausgleichen von Unrege

No

3.182.517 Issued
.

May

11.

D C J and Comastn. B R G Dispositif antigravnational French Patent No 1.377.261 Issued September 28.
Dextrau.

sigkeiten im Gang von langsam laufeuden Masct German Patent No. 63.188 Issued September 11. 191

38

1964
14

Novak. L J Centrifugal mechanical device. United Patent No 3,810.394 Issued May 15. 1974
Nowlin. A C. Device for obtaining directional force rotary motion United Stales Patent No 2.350.248 May 30. 1944
Paillet. J
i

Drescher. B Emnchtung

zum Beschleumgen and Abbremsen von Fahrzeugen, msebesonoere von Raumfahrzeugen. German Patent No 2.061.914 Issued June 29. 1972
United

39

15 16

Estrade. F Device for transforming kinetic energy States Patent No 3.807.244 Issued April 30. 1974
Evrard.

40
41

E D ProcMi et dispositif pour I'obtention force French Patent No 933.483 Issued January 1, IS
Peltier.

Patent

A H Mjchme iransformjince No 1.34U.iy6 Issued Soptember

d'^nergie
9.

French

Impulscur

propulseut

m^ch.mique
Issu.

^ 'io
'

1963

dinertie French Paterii

No 967.839

d Apni

v.'

73

vot. C. Dispositif vibreur i

nt.
53.

masselottes i double mouveFrench Patent No. 1.063,784. Issued December 12,

47.
,

Schieferstein, G H Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Fortbewegung mechamscher Vornchtungen. Austrian Patent No.
1 1

5.928. Issued January 25,

J.

930.
for propelling

Propulsion mechanism. United States Patent No. 43.978. Issued January 14, 1930.
sling, S.
Jish,

48.

Schnur. N.

Method and apparatus

an object

W.

L.

Rotary vibrator device. Canadian Patent No.

to obtain translational

by an unbalanced centrifugal force with continuous motion. United States Patent No. 3.979.961. Issued September 14,
1976.
49.
Spies.
J.

568. Issued
,

A.

March 2. 1965. Mechanism utilising inertia

British

Luftund/odor Raumfahrzeug. German Patent No.

5,

vement.
7.

Patent No. 770.555. Issued March 30.

.50.
in

2.032,416. Issued January

Triveliin. E.

1972.

ides,

C.

Improvements

or relating to centrifugal

zhansim. British Patent

1.

No

162.334. Issued April

18.

Dispositivo atto ad impnmere un moto in qualisiasi direzione a dei mezzi mobili Italian Patent No. 573.912. Issued March 6. 1958.

51.

Young, H. W.,

Jr. Directional force generator. United States Patent No. 3,555,915. Issued January 19. 1971.

Serial No. 813,529

Art Unit 346

...In accordance with Newtons' Law of Action and Reaction, a reactive

thrust is generated when the weight is shifted, so that no net thrust

can be generated.

The Office will not go into a detailed mathematical

analysis.

The device, therefore, is deemed to be inoperative in the

manner and for the purpose described.

Claims 1-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 as based on a device
lacking in utility for the reason that it is inoperative as pointed out
above.

This ground of rejection can be avoided only by this presentation

of a working model in accordance with the disclosure...

St

the ofigu .)l reioction notice by patent .iiohcation

U S Patent

Office of

74

Until

now most

of these patents

have been

rejected both by the scientific connnnunity and by private enterprise, although many inventors have built

angular momantum determines the energy or fore value of the object moving m a circular path. (The angul momentum is the factor that determines the energy tamed within a spinning mass)
i

and demonstrated models that work on a limited basis. Of those devices that do propel, most move in a series
of jerks or surges. In fact, the U.S. Patent Office

angular valochy

rate of

change

of direction of a nr^s
,

now

centrifugal force the menial effect produced when object IS constrained to move in a circle {This force c be viewed as the equilibrant of centripetal force) centripetal force the inward pulling force that causes object to nr>ove m a circle

often requires a working model before issuing a patent, precisely because the principle involved is cited as being contrary to the laws of physics. The initial

Cook patent was rejected

5-1).
It

Coriolis force the inertial effect occurring when a mai is constrained to move radially across a rotating body

for this

reason (See Exhibit

only accepted later working model was presented.

was

when

bona

fide

gyroscopic force resistance to torque that change the position of the axis of a spinning nrtass
Impulsive force- force

wou

acting for a short time but suf

In Cook's case a man named John Graham, a licensed patent attorney and industrial mechanical engineer, signed a sworn affidavit that the machine did

ciently large to cause some change in momentum inertia the tendency for matter to ren^ain in a state rest or in uniform motion kinetic energy work the object can do by virtue of i
i

indeed work. This

Office.

affidavit satisfied the U.S.

Patent

motion. (The higher the speed, the

tential)

more the work

pi

We have studied most of these patents. Sloweducated ourselves, adding to our knowledge of inertial forces by analyzing what was tried before. (Edison found that sometimes by learning 100 wrong ways of doing something you find the right way.) We have heard repeatedly, "If such a thing
ly,

we

determines the energy or force va linear of the object moving in a straight line (The linear turn is the factor that determines the energy contan within a linear moving nnass. Linear momentum is a pro uct of mass and velocity.)

momentum

mome

linear velocity
Jine

speed the object

is

moving

in

a straig

were possible, out of all the nryllions of machines built and mechanical actions studied, surely someone
would have stumbled on it by accident." We strongly doubt it. These words mask the familiar proposition.
the idea is so great somebody with proper credenthe field would have thought of it years ago. So there is something wrong with your idea." To put together a never-done-before machine that propels efficiently is to traverse a very narrow trail strewn with
"If
tials in

power rate of doing work rotor in the Cook system, a propellerlike unit havii weight(s) spinning around the center shaft
torque twisting or turning action

Although

it

appears that most forces ar

effects involving mechanics have been "accounte for." the following thoughts of Einstein and Infe

should be kept

in

mind:

landmines and booby

our share.

traps.

We

have stepped on
in this

area we could only find two others persistant enough to obtain a second patent: Laskowitz 1934, 1935; Dean 1959, 1963. (Cook himself. 1972, 1980.) Both the Laskowitz and Dean second patent were similar in principle to

Of the inventors

we

researched

studying mechanics one has the impression th in this branch of science is simple, fundameni and settled for all time. One would hardly suspect the exi fence of an important clue which no one noticed for thn hundred years. The neglected clue is connected with on9 the fundamental concepts of mechanics that of mass.
first

When

everything

their first. In contrast, the latest Cook patent is not an extension of his original 1972 version. It is, rather, based on an entirely new principle. Cook seems to be the first person m history to have patented two suc-

In like

manner, a more complete understandir

of inertial forces will unlock several clues concernirj

cessful and distinct principles for inertial propulsion.

pel

Any discussion of the various attempts to prothrough internal means requires an understanding

the existence of internal propulsive forces that als have gone unnoticed for over three hundred years

Now

let's

briefly

examine

centrifugal fore;
defir

of

as well as some knowledge of the basic forces produced by rotary motion. In preparation then, here is how we define the terms we use:

some fundamental nomenclature,

centripetal force, Coriolis force, gyroscopic force, ar

tangential force.

There are a variety of ways to

these forces. We have chosen to view and treat the: forces in our own way based on our observations.

75

HE

CENTRIFUGAL AND THE

our study of the various propulsive mech-

ENTRIPETAL FORCE
In

iisms with spinning masses, we have chosen to 3w the resulting forces from a rotating frame of

The general theory of relativity admits that explanations of both rotating and npnrotating are concerned with iservers are equally valid. lat forces affect the center of the mechansim. For example, consider a volunteer turning at 9 same angular speed as a ball attached to the end a string he is holding (Fig. 5-1). This is a rotating
ference.
e

We

ime of reference, and from the volunteer's point of ;w the ball has no acceleration and is at rest. The tward centrifugal force produced by the ball is ualized by the inward pull of centripetal force. The magnitude of these forces are given by the
lowing equations:

F = mcD^r F = -mco'r
lere

(radially (radially

inward)

outward)

iius of

= mass, &)|= angular velocity, and r = the circle of motion. view as a fact that ither of these forces can exist without the other. In our example, centrifugal force is a very real ce for the rotating observer, and similarly, is an

We

Fig.

5-2
ball

Deflection of

as seen by rotating observer at center A.

on the center of the mechanisms we will soon see, it is this ven/ real rtial force that will be harnessed to effectively )pel the CIP engine.
ective force
I

study.

As you

5-1
T\

a rotating frnnie of

reference a rotating

ball

seems

Fig.

to

be

5-3

at

in rolntion to

tho observer

negative Conolis force acting perpendicular to the spinning tube.

76

COPIOUS ACCELERATION AND COPIOUS FORCE

A proper understanding of Coriolis force and being able to properly distinguish it fronn Coriolis acceleration
IS essential for comprehending many of the patents we'll be reviewing. Both meterologists and hydrologists must consider Coriolis effects when plot-

between a spinning body and a

In

radially

moving

the case of Coriolis force note that the masses n jv in such a way as to react against one another anc therefore, their weight must be considered in order t

measure the

reactive force.)
-^

ting

ocean currents. Again, we have chosen a rotating frame of reference. Coriolis force can be defined as the inertial
or

wind

a mass changes its radius wit^ spect to the center of a uniformly rotating bod have to consider Mr. Coriolis.

Whenever

effect

octumng when
The following

radially

a mass across a rotating body.

is

is

constrained to

move

how we view

the distinction

between Coiolis force and Coriolis acceleration. Imagine rolling a steel ball away from center A on a
frictionless platform rotating

counterclockwise at conball

stant angular velocity.

As

the

moves

radially

away

unable to match the higher tangential velocity of points B and C. (The ball cannot

from center
increase

it

is

its tangential velocity because there is no Since the ball does not increase its tangential velocity it appears to curve to the right (as seen by the rotating observer at center A [Fig. 5-2 ]. The outside observer, however, will see the ball move in a straight line.) This effect gives evidence that there must be a Coriolis acceleration and it is defined by the equation

friction.)

2a*v,.

where w = angular
from center

velocity,

and

v,

radial velocity.

Let's again imagine a steel ball rolling

away

A on

the platform rotating counterclockball

is

wise. This time, the

forced to

roll

through a

smooth tube The relative acceleration from the previous example now becomes a force pushing on the right side of the tube, trying to slow the angular velocity of the platform (Fig 5-3). The force is perpendicular to the radial
Coriolis force

motion of the

ball.

This negative

(when

pitted against a positive torque)

then registers a positive force on the center of rotaearlier models utilized this Coriolis The Coriolis force is the same deflecting force you would feel pushing you sideways should you walk outward on a spinning merry-go-round. If on the same platform the ball were forced to return from B to A, the opposite would happen. The ball's inertia resists reducing its angular velocity, and it does so by pushing on the left side of the tube, trying to increase the angular velocity of the platform. The force IS produced on the left side of the tube (Fig 5-4). The magnitude of this force is expressed as
tion.

(One

of

Cooks
)

force to propel

Fig 5-4

positive Coriolis forc0 acting perpendicular to the tpinrwng tub

Force

= 2ujv,m.

where oi = angular velocity; v, = radial velocity; and m = mass of ball (Note that when dealing with Coriolis
acceleration |a = 2wv,|

moss

is
is

not included

in

the

equation because this motion

a relative acceleration

77 -

YROSCOPIC FORCE
X)pe
Jdy.
is a good example of a gyroThe top tends to maintain its position space because of the inertia of the rapidly spinning

spinning top

(Fig. 5-5).

gyroscope

rigidly resists

being disturbed and

acts to a disturbing torque by precessing (rotating owly) at right angles to the torque. This principle can

demonstrated with
binriing at

high speed.

applied steadily.
>out

a suspended bicycle wheel To observe precession, a force The wheel is found to precess

Dwiy, not about the axis of the applied torque, but

an axis perpendicular to it and perpendicular to e spin axle (Fig. 5-6). Any high-speed rotor is like a gyroscope. When rque is applied, the rotor wants to precess. If a rigid tor is prevented from precessing, a force registers
the system

1srKlM<^

5nM^oa

of

ViWtL.

F.g 5-6

Gyroscopic procession of a spinning bicvde wheel

78

TANGENTIAL FORCE
gential force,

Another force we encour^tered was a tanwhich is produced when a small spinning

briefly angularly

mass

is

accelerated or decelerated.

The tangential force can be produced by a brief torque, a change of radius producing a tangential Conolis
force, or

by any

briefly applied force angularly

speed-

ing

the spinning mass. (Remember that a tangential force can produce a brief torque and that likewise a brief torque can produce a tangential force If we briefly change the angular velocity

up

or slowing

down

(Fig. 5-7) of

revolution

mass at different positions during each and the radius remains constant, outside
the

tangential forces or brief torque will account for the

change

in

angular
In

momentum.

we propel using our knowledge of evaluating any given unbalanced rotor, we must remembe'r that by adding a second synchronized counterrotating rotor, all lateral forces

How

might

these forces?

are canceled.

Fig 5-7

Vector A has two components in the twodimensional plane: a vertical component B and a horizontal component C Thus, as our single mass rotates we have both vertical and horizontal forces. By adding
a

Force vector produced

torque.

at this point

by tangential force or po!

second counterrotating

rotor

we

cancel the hori-

zontal forces (Fig. 5-8). This canceling results in a twodirectional force

Fig 5-8

Th

canceiloiKxi o( horuonial forces produces a two-directional force

79

Let's

now

look at possible

ways

to propel. Let's

gine a

mass spinning

in a circle.

For 180* of travel

n A to B we produce positive centrifugal force, and 180 from B back to A we produce negative cenigai force. Over 360. the forces cancel (Fig. 5-9).

One
1

possibility

would be

to

make our mass

faster for the positive 180 than for the negative

(Fig. 5-10).

'

greater angular velocity will produce

eater centrifugal force in the forward direction. So ;; speed up our mass at point A by applying positive
:)ue,

point 8) slow it down by applying negatorque. Unfortunately, this doesn't work. To speed

and

(at

center of gravity relative to the axis of rotation. It thus seems another simple way to propel would be to eliminate the negative 180 of travel. At position B shoot the mass through the center back to position A, therefore eliminating the 180 of negative centrifugal force (Fig. 5-11). If our mass followed a frictionless path, the lateral force developed at B accelerating the mass through the center could be canceled by the lateral impact force at A stopping its momentum. know we produce a positive centrifugal force in the forward direction for

We

approximately 180.
Let's evaluate

Is this,

then, an unbalanced force?

to our

our

mass at A results in a negative tangential force. same negative force appears at B when we slow mass down. The two negative impulses cancel

what happens

mass as

it

moves

from position B to position A. Remember, whenever we change the radius of a mass on a rotating body we
introduce Coriolis force. (The

bt
'

we

gain by the additional centrifugal force.

of acceleration
tn/.

No

same

as walking radially

ter

what combinations

and decel-

on that merry-go-round.)

we can't propel with this principle. inventors have tried a slightly different roach to reap the advantages of the powerful and
lon

we

Many

imum
it

At position B the mass is traveling at its maxangular velocity. When shot toward the center, has to slow down and lose some of its angular
of
its

generated centrifugal force. For example, some ces have rotated mass members and shifted the
ly

momentum. Some
inertia at point

energy has to be drained.

Its

resists change,

and as

it

moves

5-10

5-T1

Q^

L0W5PCeb

5-9
irifugal

5-12
forces

equilibrium.

5-10
sitive centrifugnl
!S

force counterbalanced by negative tangential and negative centrifugal force.

5-11

Dposed method of producing an unbalanced centrifugal, force

5-12
rifugal forces

and Conolis forces

in

equilibrium.

80

radially toward center C a positive Coriolis force results perpendicular to the radial motion (thus producing a negative effect on the system).

to A the mass now resists angular velocity (negative Coriolis force), which again produces a negative effect on our center. The two negative effects of the Coriolis forces have

From center C back

its

increasing

and have a balanced system (Fig. 5-12). Several inventors have patented this principle. Witness, for example, the 1934 Laskowitz drive (Fig. 5-13). This drive had a series of spinning weights fitted
again

exactly canceled our positive centrifugal force,

maintained on the positive half of the system bv series of pistons that forced the mercury back tow; the center of rotation at certain intervals. This meihj was yet another way of changing the radius of propellant mass. Because of the machine's timing. Coriolis again neatly balanced the lopsided centrifu forces. Another balanced system. The Novak drive (Fig. 5-16) was patented
1974. Novak had a series of off-center rotating masi timed to take advantage of the positive centrifu force. Same principle, same results a balanced foi The Cuff drive, (Fig. 5-17) patented 19^

we

into cylindrical bores.

The

radius of rotation of the

Change

radius

negative

Coriolis effects

balanc
were

weights would be changed at various points (Mr. Coriolis) to produce a positive centrifugal force that hopefully propelled The radius of one weight was increased while the radius of the other was decreased. This motion unfortunately imparted two simultaneous negatively acting Coriolis impulses on the center,
canceling the positive centrifugal force. In 1944. the Nowlin drive was patented (Fig. 5-14). This drive had a series of gears extending and retracting a series of cranks attached to a propellant mass. The object was to extend the propellant mass in this telescopic fashion at the required position to
Again,

positive centrifugal force. Two variations of these principles

lished as advertisements in the

pi

supposedly produce an unbalanced centrifugal force. due to both the timing of the mechanism and
the shifting position of the weights, the changes of the radius caused negative Coriolis effects, which can-

Washington Post, first on Sunday, October 25, 1970 in a piece by Nil! Nhol titled "Thrust from Energy." Mr. Nhol sugges filling and emptying tanks with liquid at certain p< tions timed at different angular velocities. (See Exh 5-2). A similar idea appeared again in an advertisem in the Post on November 22. 1971 with the head Momentum Always Conserved?" Our own exp ments with similar principles have all failed. There have been yet other patents apply this principle. So far, all have failed because it see
that there
effects.
is

a misunderstanding of the Coriolis

foi

No matter what combination you choose,

celed the positive centrifugal force.

bit differently.

drive of 1971 (Fig. 5-15) tried it a pool of mercury was the propellent mass, and the greater concentration of mass was

The Matyas

cannot produce an unbalanced force and propel qii this way. It seems to be a dictate of nature. Other inventors have tried to propel usin<
different principle

the sudden

application of a foi
try to

Known

as impulse drives, these

take advanU

Fig.

5-13

Fig. S-14

Laskowitz

drive.

Nowlin

drive.

- 81

"j'OOCOOOOOOOO

mOOOOOOOOOOO

r;^*-

iw

Fig. 5-19

Farrall drive.

0'''0

pitted against a of a short-lasting powerful force aid^of static longer-lasting weaker force with the

A hammer

Note the Goldschmidt drive of 1924 (Fig. 5-18). impacted into a stop to impulse t^e maonstatic chine foHA/ard. This system takes advantage machine's position friction. Friction maintains the
of while the hammer is slowly retracted. The release overcoming xhe the hammer produced an impulse Obviously, the static friction and moving the machine. machine could impulse forward aided by friction but, \\

Thr,

From Cn.rjy" TFI 4

^"g^j?!? g^?? /J^^^

space, would simply oscillate back and forth. The Farrall drive (Fig. 5-19) was patented
1966. Here

in

was another

battering ram.

large

weight

to a cocked position, then it vyas fnction released to provide a power impulse. Static would again provide limited motion here on earth but bounded motion In space! One variation of this principle was the widely

compressed springs

publicized Dean drive The mechanism Dean

(Fig. '5-20),

patented

In

1959.
It

built

was

rather confusing.

pnnclouded the true picture of the actual mechanical have been ciple involved. Some of our working models compared to the Dean drive when in fact they bear r)0 resemblance to it at all. The propulsive force in Dean's has centrifugal force. The oscillating carriage

system is two counterrotating weights Dean called eccentric intermittent force in inertial masses. These produce an
the desired direction of travel
(Fig. 5-21).

Ex 5-2

Nhds

1970 ad space drive

in

suggested the Washington Post concerning a

82 -

Ftg. S-15

Fig. 5-16

Matyas

drive.

Novak

drive.

^ /%f
\

83

fJ.

lowintniM

fovmn

or

uiiua
or

uaNTiK

nniTiAi mass

^ fMX

mtKiiMC at(WT
QWTCM EliaiOMACNIT

soinoto

AtMATWI

osauTMc
1g.5-20

aittAtt

/ kontidc Mtrui
TRACK

mass

\
CONTAa

nxn

riAMi

UMIAtt

}ean drive.

5-21

The heart of

Deans mechanism.

84 -

Dean took advantage

force to propel the load,
friction

of the positive centrifugal

prevented

aid of static the negative centrifugal force from

and with the

greater than the load's static friction; and (2) the sp force developed during the remainder of the cycle
less than the static friction.'

moving the system backwards. When the weights were producing positive centrifugal force on the load, the electro-magnetic clutch grabbed the rigid load tape
thus transmitting an impulse that pulled the load for-

Rabinow concluded

that the device

was

ward and moved the carnage into the forward position on the fixed frame When the weights swing to the opposite side
producing negative centrifugal force, the electromagnetic clutch releases the rigid steel tape which is then prevented from moving backwards as the oscillating carriage returns on the track to its starting position.

capable of operating as a true space drive. He coi pared Dean's model to a man on roller skates trying move a table. By using his own inertia and pushing series of jerks, the man can move the table ever he's mounted on perfect wheels. The short jerks force simply need to be greater than the value of stc friction between the table and floor. (Bear this exp nation in mind. As you will see, it was later erroneou used to explain the success of Cook's worki
models.)
Static friction aids the
ingly (as

By

activating the solenoid at just the right timing

impulse drives. Surpi

1

and by properly adjusting the springs, Dean could slow the carriage's return and prevent it from overcoming
the static friction of the load. (It is important to note that the clamping device provided a rigid connection

between the main frame and

force cycle

load on the negative

Therefore, the machine

friction

overcomes the

static

soon see from our experiments), lack of static friction improved the performance of working models. Researchers need to find a systi that benefits from the lack of static friction. Using inertial force to produce a constant linear force e diently requires a different approach. The impul: based machines have yet to oemonstrate a true re
you
will

and moves forward on the positive

cycle.

On

tionless drive.

the negative cycle, the springs worked in unison with the solenoid which had a cushioning effect and pre-

More ingenious attempts

have been patented.

to propel intern;

One

class of drives consid

vented a large enough negative impulse to be translated to the load and move the machine backwards. Dean's machine did propel across the floor. In space, however, without the aid of friction, his model would only produce bounded motion.

ments
or in

to

To test Dean's model one of the first expericonduct is to place the load on an air cushion
similar
its

using gyroscopic forces to propel. These ideas interesting. The Foster drive (Fig. 5-22) patented 1972 and the Kellogg drive of 1965 (Fig. 5-23) involv gyroscopic forces. The Foster drive was reported move across the flat surface at 4 mph. OUr exp( ments led us to believe that a gyroscopic space dri although experiencing limited success on earth, wo

some
for

way minimize

the friction

the load and

support. (This test

was

also

between one sug-

probably not work efficiently

in

deep space. (Some

Cook's experiments with the gyroscopic force ha

gested

Cook's working models.)

Mr. Jacob Rabinow of Rabinow Engineering Company (and the inventor of the electro-magnetic clutch) did an analysis of a Dean model provided to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research in 1961. One of

between the load and its With less than one ounce of friction the load oscillated at the same frequency as the carriage, but did not advance toward it. Rabinow concluded that if the frictional forces of the load were smaller than the reverse spring forces, and if the positive and negative impulse were equal, the load would move backward due to the spring force, and the net displacement would be zero. Thus, Rabinow's test showed the machine to have no net unidirectional effect on an inertial load if the frictional load is small compared to the mass. In another test Rabinow used gauges to obtain force-time plots on an oscilloscope He concluded that both the positive and negative areas were equal and that momentum was indeed conserved. Finally. Rabinow noted that the load moves toward the carriage if (1) The positive impulse is
his tests

was

to

use

rollers

support to minimize

friction.

Fig.

5-22

Foster drive.

85

Some combine

Coriolis, centrifugal,

centripetal,

and

We

gyroscopic forces into supersophisticated machinery. have either studied or built most of them. Table 5-1 lists selected patents.
Table 5-1
Selected Patents

&

Their Principle Propulsive Forces

IWVfWrOfl

ISSUED

MAIN PROPULSIVE FORCES

Llamozas

Rg. 5-23
J

Kellogg drive.
still

left

him puzzled. Cook intends

later time.)

to continue these

3^

experiments at a

Many of the remaining drives each Involve a unique principle. A. complete analysis of them would be extremely difficult to present in simplified form.

86 -

6.

The History (Part Ih

111^^
'
'

year was momentous

1968; the day. February

thing

9.

happened on

that day:

fully

Robert Cook first began the research that will, when understood, unlock some of the greatest mys-

Gardner in the past concerning an invention that dea with printing presses. This time, he disclosed his idea' on a new energy source, one that involved centrifuq force, magnetic effects, and several other forces

teries of the universe.

Upon
the beginnings

hearing Cook's idea, Gardner, a

in

mec"

work Cook had written and wanted published. Being an unknown, however, no one took his book seriously. He was advised that, in order to get his work published, he
a

What sparked

was

should create a public following, generate a base of Being an inventor he decided to attempt the so-called "impossible" to gain public attention. Nothing mechanically had ever permanently stumped Cook,
interest.

Mike Zinr merman, a physicist. Gardner was impressed with th idea, but reminded Cook of the position of the U.i Patent Office: that all perpetual motion machines t be patented must first be successfully demonstrate( Cook would be required to build an actual workin
ical

engineer, called

his junior partner,

model.
Press
in

To Cook, the Universe itself a gigantic perpetual motion machine.

was

At the time. Cook was employed at Olympi Oakland, so his experiments continued on part-time basis. Over the next few years he tempore ily gave up the printing trade whenever possible t work on the invention. Whenever he ran out of fundr] he returned to printing work until he could save enc money to get back to his pet project again.
During the
visit his

summer of 1968 Cook left his job r home town of Presidio, Texas, where he cor

tinued his experiments, the results of which looke promising. One day while working on one of th
series of parts required for the

model he made

who

had figured out some of the world's most complex machinery. But what was impossible? He pondered this question at length. Well, no one had ever built a successful perpetual motion machine. To Cook, the universe itself was a gigantic perpetual motion machine. It had been running for billions of years, doing all this work, exchanging all types of energy, and it showed no signs of slowing down. Cook knew energy could not be obtained from nothing, but why couldn't energy be derived from energy? He felt intuitively there was a way to do this. After many hours of deep concentration, the trail to a new energy source formed in his mind. On February 12. 1968 he made a note to pick up a tinker toy or metal erector set and two bicycle wheels Using these crude parts Cook began his experiments on a new energy source. Within a few months he had decided on an idea that he felt should
t>e

mistake. Suddenly, an entirely different pictur emerged. With the accidental change, the rotor h was designing was going to propel. Cook reflected o what he had done. He now had two directions h could pursue: Should he continue experimenting wit his energy source ideas or begin to develop a possibi new propulsion system? Remembering his book an his original purpose. Cook became convinced that

patented.

Thus,

in

the Spring of 1968,

Cook

visited the

law offices o* Gardner and Zimmerman, patent attorneys of Oakland, Califo ma. He had engaged Joseph B.

new propulsion system would be easier to promot and much more readily accepted by the public than hi' "perpetual motion" idea. He would resume his energ experiments later. Now, he decided to make a conr mitment to proving, financing, and getting publi acceptance of his propulsion system. The propulsion system, unlike the energ source, would require two counterrotating rotors. T avoid the considerable expense involved in building two-rotor machine. Cook thought that possibly a smi single-rotor model could be built using gravity as a aid This machine wouldn't propel in a weightless er vironment, but it could successfully demonstrate th principle. To take advantage of gravity for his purpose

87

___
(a)

(b)

')

An

early

CIP concept;

to)

schematics of hydraulic system to be used with the early CIP concept shown.

ijquired knowing just

I
id

what the

acceleration

due

to

ni

was. Presidio, Texas, unfortunately, had no ubiic library. Cook had no idea there was an equation at could determine the acceleration of an object
ravity

stumbled across did contradict the laws of Newton. From his experiments Cook was gradually forming a clearer picture of inertial forces. Intuitively, he came to suspect that both gravity and magnetism were internal
propulsive forces.
his

nder the influence of gravity. For his single-rotor machine to propel, the acceleration of an object due to ravity had to be greater than 1 1 feet per second per 3Cond. Using a step ladder and a watch Cook dropped JsJbjects to get sonne estimate of their acceleration rate. 9'ie experiments, although extremely crude, proved jccessful. He satisfied himself that the acceleration a body under the influence of gravity was greater lan 1 1 feet per second per second. With this knowldge, he was confident his first model could be suc3ssfully built with a single rotor.
i

On April 4, 1969 Cook applied for a patent on working model. Shown here, the small rotor is
(Fig.

attached to a cart

6-1a).

The

initial

system was

designed to use hydraulics. (We'll describe the mechanics of the principle

later.)

No model had
as bom. So, early
Drnia to

built but the concept 1969 Cook rushed back to Caldisclose this tremendous new idea to his
in

yet been

3tent attorneys,
jarch

who were

duly impressed.

patent

began at once. The concept became reality in the spring of at year. A small prototype model was built and just Cook predicted it worked. The small 1/70th Drsepower motor, drawing 0.7 amps, propelled a
1

D-pound

cart.

his experiments on the new opulsion system he was totally unaware that his ork would conflict with Newtonian mechanics. He

When Cook began

went by

limply
Jtural

instinct

laws. But as his

and felt he was following work progressed he intuitively

jgan to suspect that there might be a conflict with ewton's laws. Something just felt funny, even ough he couldn't specifically identify where the

oblem was.
Later
letter to

ardner of

1969 Cook expressed these feelings in The letter informed the inventor's conviction that what he had
in

his patent attorney.

The crude handmade model

built in Presidio,

1969.

In

an

article (Exhibit 6-1)

Hill

nut Kernel, Pleasant

published in the WalPost, and the Concord Journal.

this crude machine as "the most energy converter that can be used in outer space in the world today." The single-rotor .model aided by gravity was limited to surface propulsion. A system capable of propelling in deep space would

Cook pronounced
efficient

But after several months of working on still had not made it propel. Aili from a bad cold and suffering from a hand cut that h developed into blood poisoning. Cook felt he \^ experiencing the lowest moments of his life. He \a worried sick that maybe he had made a dreadful nt

new machine Cook

require at least
lateral

two counterrotating
in

rotors to cancel

forces and prevent gyration.

By summer, back
terrotating rotors that,

constructing his second model, a unit with

Cook started two counwhen completed, would be

Presidio.

take spending all that money to apply for patents, was concentrating hard, trouble-shooting the proble when his aunt Maria handed him an orange and s.> "Here, peel this and eat it." Cook still laughs when recalls how ironic it was that in the middle of
i

is

greatest worry and concern his aunt handed him

capable of propelling
Ex 6-1

in

any environment.

orange to peel.

Th first newspaper story announcing Cooks invention. Though poorty written, the article does document Cook's beginning.

Kernel Puljlications: Walnut Kernel. Pleasant

Hill

Post.

Concord Journal. Thursday,

April 10.

1969

YOUNG INVENTOR REVEALS BRAINCHILD

Bob Cook, former Concord resident, now livirg in Pittsburg, has
just applied for a patent on a revolutionary prin-

selves Researchers at Oak Ridge built centrifuges that spin up to 46,000 times a minute,
five
jet

tice 5 years.

He

still

he

didn't

know

the

works as a pressman but just enough to have

money
of
his

to

take

care

ciple
for

and its application use in transportation

idea,
in

The

believable

almost unIts probable

times as fast as a engine. They plan to build bottles that spin much faster so they can boost the weight of
things.

experiments.

technical lanauage and couldn't get through too well. Bob finally went home and built a tiny

able horsepower nov^ k)St in conventional en-3 oines and power transference It would eliminate the need for a
drive shaft, differentials housing, arvd transmis-ll
sion.
. .

Bob's formal education

working model

stopped at a few months of Junior Col-

The working model

has 8
.6

1-70th

horse-

extensive use, involves tfe conversion of centrifical force to linear force. There are other methods of converting centriFical force, but this is the first time a con-

When

The tremendous increase in weioht and

. .
.

lege at Pleasant Hill. he took an aptitude test there he rated extremely high in mechanical
ability.

power motor, drawing,

The
that

principle involves*

amps
10-lb.

only, yet drives

a wheel with a weight

vehicle

It

has

been adjusted

to pro-

the possibility of devising a way to make use of this principle fasci-

When Cook
into

walked
of

duce 9 ounces of thrust, even though the workinq fTwdel is very rough. The potential use is almost unbelievable. It's application could easily allow a "flying saucer"

the

offices

nated Cook. His

first

version

system has been developed that would be practical for

outer space use. said Cook.

interest was in another direction, however, and

Gardner and Zimmerman, Oakland patent

attorneys, with his idea,

while working on other

applications,

ne almost

Sometime ago Bob

Cook, as pressnr^n. designed a color attach-

accidenily discovered a system that can take

he had no working model and the physicist and mechanical engineers had doubt. Bob
tried to explain
it

design of

aircraft.

It

can

changes position in such a manner it gener aies a forward motion It can be understood by comparing it in principle with a car wheel that is out of balance and shakes the car to pieces. Cook devised a mechanical means to

be applied
of

to propulsion
etc.
Its

ships,

basic

wheel and

harness the imbalanced divert the

advantage of

this force.

so the

ment

Kernel Put)lications in a matter of a few hours, a few spare

for

Bob is presently looking for ways to involve his new machine in practical application.
Cook has been experimenting
in

well-educated physicist could understand, but

design used on automobile development would save consider-

parts and an investment of less than $5 00 The

this

field

rougfi force all in one direction The force can be reversed or neutral ized immediately, offer ing all kinds of adaptabil ity. The only thing is that his "off-balance' wheel
is

attachment was as good as that offered by the press manufacturer at a cost of nearly $10,000.

ever since he graduated from Mt. Diablo high school Cook served his
Printing Pressman Apprenticeship at the Walnut Kernel in 1953 and worked for the paper nearly ten years. It was the fastest apprenticeship ever served In a matter of a

not really off balance

The test model, ac cording to the young

Inventor, is the most efficient electrical energy converter that can be used m outer space in the world today.

Bob's

interest

for

many years has centered on gravity, centrifical force and maonetism. In June of '68 he became intensly interested in the fxperiments of scientists in
Atlantic City

who

built

huge metal

t)ottles that

few weeks he was able to n^aster the problems of a fairly complicated

spin so fast that they nearly destroy them-

newspaper press,

that usually takes an appren-

"

89

Later that day he finally made the necessary adjustments and the machine, for the first time, began no propel. His excitement at seeing the model propel "^jwas overwhelming. That evening, he made several

over,
I

however.

don't

time a
.

Dr. Jacobsen said. "Oh,.forget the bet, want to take your money." This was the first wager had been used to challenge Cook. This unhappy meeting with Dr. Jacobsen con-

Jphone calls to California relatives and friends 'to tell ithem of his tremendous success. This second model Iwas handmade and very crude but it did work! Early the next year 1970 Cook moved to J ITuscon to stay with his father and brother. While f there, he meekly approached the scientific community iat the University of Arizona in Tucson with what he

firmed Cook's suspicions. This professor verified that if his invention worked it did indeed contradict Newton's third law of motion. What Cook didn't realize at that point was how long a battle he had ahead with the

was a major breakthrough In transportation and mechanics. He expected that the professors would generally welcome him with open arms. He ~^was in for the shock of his life! When he began to [discuss his idea with professors he felt like he was lost in a shooting gallery. Here was an unarmed smallbelieved

"You have no formal education, you haven't read any technical books lately, and you come in here and try to tell me you've destroyed the teachings of Newton.

world of science, and the fact that he was in conflict with all three of the Newtonian laws. (This discovery wouldn't be made until late in 1979.) A small story in the March 1, 1970 edition of the Arizona Daily Star records this visit to the University. In a letter dated March 10, 1970 Cook was notified that his initial patent application (serial #813,529) had been rejected because Newton's laws were contrary to the machine's principles: "In accordance with Newton's law of action and reaction a reactive thrust Is generated when the weight Is shifted, so that no net thrust can be generated." The patent office required a working model. Cook now had a four-rotor device but his Initial patent application was based on a single rotor. A new patent application on this principle would be necessary.
Arizona

The second model was crude, so that spring In Cook built an improved third version at the home of his brother William. Armed with more confi-

';

town inventor

colliding

head-on with the

"fully-

>.!

J
;ie

equipped" and "superbly" trained "minute men" of science defending one of their greatest heroes. Sir Isaac Newton. The professors simply couldn't tolerate some uneducated "fool" challenging long-established

I
]

With no advanced education, Cook wasn't even able to understand what arguments they A'ere throwing at him. How could he answer? Of
scientific laws.

dence, he returned to the University of Arizona. This time, he brought a working model, which was demonstrated to Dr. Tom Livingston and to a photographer from the Arizona Daily Star. Dr. Livingston was gentle. "I don't want to get into an argument about this idea," he said, "but know what It's doing." He suggested that In order for Cook to prove the validity of his model an accelerometer test be performed along with several other experiments. One Involved placing the machine
I

:;

:ourse, his silence

interpreted as ignorance. encounter, Cook, accompanied by lis father, visited Dr. Clark Jacobsen of the University Df Arizona. While Cook explained the results of his 3xperiments in Presidio, Dr. Jacobsen appeared
In that first

was

;:

somewhat
leard of

;'

:,

disinterested and annoyed. "But have you Newton's third law?" he asked. "Yes," Cook epiied. "And can you recite it?" Dr. Jacobsen asked. 3ook replied affirmatively and recited Newton's third aw. "There you have it," Dr. Jacobsen said, "for that eason your idea won't work. You have no formal 3ducation, you haven't read any technical books lately, jnd you come in here and try to tell me you've destroyed the teachings of Newton. You expect me to relieve that? can't." Cook was embarrassed at laving his father witness the manner in which the
I

professors rejected his idea.

Jacobsen challenged Cook. "I'll bet you won't work. No, I'll bet you $1 0,000 it won't." ^.'And I'll bet you $10,000 it does." Cook countered. He md Dr. Jacobsen shook on the wager. After thinking it
Dr.
it

E2,000

Cook's

Ihird

model was

built in

Tucson

in

1970.

90 -

on a boat in a pool to see if the boat could be propelled. second involved suspending the machine from four wires to see if the model would displace to one side.*

made helpful suggestions but his attitude toward the idea was extremely cool, and he appeared to be slightly embarrassed at having to witness a demonstration of the model.
Dr. Livingston

On June
story
titled.

2,

1970 the Arizona Daily Star ran a

"Cook Says He's No Kook, Hopes to Refute Newton." (See Exhibit 6-2.) In the story Cook suggests that the very fact the model works proves
that

Newton's law

is

not

100%

true.

Years

later, his

attacks on

Newton would become

article

harsher.

The
a

caused quite

to see copy of a letter that Dr. Jim Holloway, Professor of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, had written to the editor of the Oa/7/ Star: "If you consider the availability of the Science and Engineering Department at
later

University of Arizona.

Two years

commotion Cook was

at the

the University of Arizona to your reporters, the total inaccuracy of your story is inexcusable. use the theory of the Dean-Cook machine as homework assignI

Cook's fourth prototype, an eight-rotor model,

in early

was

built in

Tex

1971.

ments

in

one of my advanced mechanics classes." The newspaper story did document Cook's

just as

Dean's drive did with the

aid of static frictio,

i^

(A highly sophisticated test later disproved this

sincere attempts to obtain an honest evaluation from the scientific communii/, and the one-man struggle he
in. Unfortunately, it contained several inaccuracies caused by improper and confused editing. just the thing to fuel the controversy and convince the professors how far off this "kook" was. Certain state-

was engaged

roneous assumption.) Cook reasoned that by adding another set rotors phased at proper intervals he could fill more the dead part of the cycle and possibly produce constant force. How could the scientists argue again a machine they could watch accelerate?
So,
in early

ments

in

the article

brother, although they

were not made by Cook or by his were attributed to his brother,

1971, in Texas, the fourth

mod

an

eight-rotor

who

had attended the demonstration but had said

In his letter Dr.

tunately, eight

nothing.

machine again
Holloway did correctly point out

handmade model was built. Unfc rotors were not enough, and the ne propelled in surges. So far. Cook hi

bumblebees do not contradict aerosupposed to work, and that a closed exhaust system has little to do with Newton's third law. However, Dr. Holloway's correspondence was totally inaccurate when he concluded that Cook's machine was a well-known device "inthat the flight of

dynamic laws,

that rockets are

vented"

at least six

was

last

known as
"I

times in the past 50 years, and the Dean drive. His final recom-

mendation was: money."

suggest that

fVlr.

Cook save

his

In the fall of 1970. Cook returned to the San Francisco Bay Area. Aided by his working model, he abandoned his initial patent application and refiled the modified principle using two counterrolating rotors. Early the next year. Cook returned to Texas to continue his experiments. The third two-rotor prototype model demonstrated at the University of Arizona propelled in a series of surges. Some professors had explained it as the "rocking chair" effect, propelling

experienced nothing but adverse criticism and resi tance from the experts, but he persevered. His drea was to have his machine honestly tested by unbiase professionals. During the summer, unsatisfied wi the complexity and performance of the eight-rot model, he did some redesign and came up with better performing four-rotor unit, the fifth prototyy model. Through a friend at Gazette Press In Berkele California. Cook met Richard Griffith, a United Airlin employee. Griffith offered to arrange to have Cook machine tested by United's engineering departmer Through one of the vice presidents. Lionel Schwartz demonstration of the machine was scheduled. C September 10. 1971 Cook took his machine to Unit Airlines the world's largest where, at their ma test center near San Francisco, a dynamic analys was undertaken. On the initial visit Cook expected demonstrate his machine to only two or three people
his machine created so muc Cook found himself demonstrating h model all afternoon to over 20 of United's personm When he asked one of the employees. "Why all tf

Surprisingly,

interest that

*TbM tRprTtnis wtre laitr conducitd and pfOvd th machine workad.

91 -

II

race
re

2 o

1^

92

"Do you realize if this works you'll be breaking two laws of motion?" Some younger engineers, taking a close look, expressed enthusiasm and amazement at what this coukj mean. The older engineers, though, were generally reserved when it came to making comment. The dynamic analysis took several months. United then notified Cook that a report had been prepared. The conclusions: Although weak and inefficient the machine produced a net positive thnjsti What the analysis failed to come to grips with, howinterest?" the response was,
thing
ever,

obviously mistaken, mostly on the not-very-tenabl grounds that Cook had no formal education and coul not explain his ideas in the proper technical termi After only fifteen minutes they said, "You're wastin our time and your's. You really don't know what you'
talking about." Cook mentioned, however, that h would soon have a copy of United's analytical repor The scientists at NASA agreed to review it. A few weeks later Cook gave the United repo to NASA and Dr. John Olsen was instructed to do th
analysis. Dr. Olsen's report (Exhibit

6-4a "Analys

was

that

if

the principle really worked, then the

of a Propulsion Device

of Newtonian mechanics was wrong! Cook himself was not yet sure what the real conflict was with his machine and the principles of

whole structure

Proposed for Use by NASA as Means of Achieving Short Trip Times to the Moon an

Planets") stated the conclusion of the members of th research department: That the device could not pre

mechanics.
ically

In retrospect,

when he

finally did specif-

comprehend the true meaning of what he had uncovered, it shocked him to recall that not one person on the United staff who studied the machine (or even any of the professors) had zeroed in on the full implications of the controversy. The introduction of United's analysis began, "In spite of being declared in violation of the laws of motion by the United States patent office. Cook's

vide any useful propulsion in space inasmuch as it di not change in mass during operation and did not e>

with its environment. The repo however, that the demonstration mode mounted on wheels, achieved net movement acroa the floor because it was able, through friction, to e) change momentum with the floor. "Mr. Cook" th

change

momentum

did state,

crudely built
floor."'

rig

moved spasmodically

across the

report states, "insisted we did not grasp the signi icance of the principle of his invention." Dr. Olsen concludes his report with the follov
ing analogy (Exhibit 6-4/?).

report concluded that the cyclical nature of the forces involved ensures that the propor-

The United

Let's at this point look at the invention studi<

by both

NASA and

United Airlines

(Fig. 6-2).

Two cour!

constant between lift and weight will be unfavorable. It also concluded that although terribly inefficient and not practical for production for airline use, the system worked. This implied that Cook's crude mechanism did indeed produce a unidirectional force and that Cook had done the unthinkable. United
tionality

did

recommend that Cook approach NASA for the purpose of interesting them in his machine as a possibility ifor future space maneuvering systems. Here are portions of United's analysis (Exhibit
Richa.d Griffith inspired by United's favorable

each consist of a carrier containing lead bar (propellant mass) shorter than the carrier. Th counterrotating rotors are phased so that forces later, to the direction of motion are canceled. The carrier are mounted on shafts connected through bearings the main frame of the vehicle, and are rotated at constant angular velocity. The frame is mounted o|
terrotating rotors

Cook

drive

6-3):

contacted NASA (Ames Research Center, Mt. View. California) on Cook's behalf. He talked to Dr. Dave Houston, head of one of the research departreport,

Houston, who wouldn't believe such a concept possible. Houston's hostility a result of the argument with Griffithensured that Cook would get off on the wrong foot with NASA. Indeed, when finally invited to give a lecture at Ames Research Center, Cook found the atmosphere uncordial. Dr. Houston made it quite clear that he wasn't pleased with even talking about this matter.
friction

ments. caused

Griffith

spoke so strongly

for

Cook

that

he

between himself and

Dr.

Cook made
ber, 1971

this first visit to

NASA

in

NovemFig 6-2

a working model and without knowing the proper terminologies and mathematics needed to explain his principle. He did not fare well
there.

without

The space

scientists

a^umed

that

Cook was

This

was

tha drive studied by

NASA and

United Airlines.

93

E' 6-3

94 -

^United Air Lines

TIST CIMTII 4M0

PtOCeU EMQMEtimC tlFOtT

INTRODUCTION

On y/10/7i Robert Cooke brought to UAL a device designed to convert centrifugal force into a linear thrust. In spite of beinp declared In violation of the laws of motion by the U.S. Patent Office Cook's crudely-built rig moved spasmodically across the floor
, .

The This report provides a dynanic analysis of Cook's mechanism. cycle demonstrated by Cooke, as well as two other cycles which offer performance improvements, are examined...
Cooke's Propulsion Cycle

Cooke set up his working model so that the propellant mass followed the path shown in Figure 3. From point 1 to point 2 the propellant mass is pinned against the end of the tract by centrifugal force. Tie thrust seen in this segment is the component of centrifugal force ii; the direction of the cart motion. Thl.* thrust is
TI-2
.ttfie

rnpRaj*coscjt
tlie

(l)

m
P

is

propellant masJ,
the sliding distance ot

R is one half

the track,

60 is the angular velocity of the rotor, and

t

is

time.

Due to Cooke's positioning of the spring, the propellant mass spends more time behind the center of rotation of the track than forward of the center. Thus, the net thrust in segment 1-2 is negative.

When the propellant mass reaches point 2, the spring force overcomes the centrifugal force, and the mass accelerates down the tract to point During this portion of the cycle the system acts as a mechanical 3. analogue of a rocket The propellant mass is accelerated in the aft direction by the spring force and the resultant reaction produces a forward thrust upon the cart. In addition to this reaction force there is Coriolis force which is the inertia! effect occurring when a mass is constrained to move in a straight line across a rotating body The total thrust in segment 1-2 is
.
.

T.., X
w..>.ru

2KRcotAtco4cJ< -4Miii!r2_ %inAtinco<

K is the spring constant, and

V(

^'K^-K4*^)^if p-^<-^.l^'(4*^)'

'

95 -

^United Air Lines

Tirr ciMTii

^0 PROCESS

EMOMcenHC REforr

At point
a

3 the propellant mass strikes the end of the cart negative impulsive force.

pr..;:'^cing

(3)

where

A
Fe.

is the time required to stop the propellant mass, and

-KR

-fYipRco^

During this segr.ent of the cycle the propellant is stopped at the expense of the forward momentun of the cart.
The resultant thrust on the cart for the entire cycle is shown in Fxgure 3.
A Modification of Cooko's Cycle
A significant improvement in performance can be achieved by using viscous damping to arrest the propellant mass Not only can the large negative impulse be avoided, but by delaying the travel of the mass to the end of the track, the negative centrifugal force componant can be reduced...
.

Cooke's cycle could also be improved by the use of a constant force than the 'variable spring force to accelerate the propellant mass ;.-iis would increase the thrust during the ejection stroke by allowing Ll.e use of greater force and improving the timing of the stroke...
*

r-tther

96 -

ANALYSIS OF A PSCP'-LSIC; DEVICE PBOrOSED POH USE BY NASA AS A

MEANS OF ACHIE'/T!r, SHORT TRIP TI.'S TO THE MOON AND PLAXETS*

Durlr. rcr.t visits to the Adv*ncd Cor.cepts ar.d Mission Division

At

tr.

Arms Research Center, Mr. Cooke 'described and denonstrated a nodel

Mr. Cooke believed that the device

of a pro^ilslor. device he ir.vsnted.

wsuld ser/e as a space propulsion system capable of transportlrjc payloads

to M-i Jiccn ard pla.^e'.s
Ir.

tines shorter than those possible wl-.h current

prcf'Jlslcn syste.-ns.

Hc\ver. after llstenlrj^ to Mr. Cooke's explaratlon

of the principle on which the device relied for propulsion and after observirir the operation of the demonstration nodel, nenbars of the ACMO

were unar.lnous Ir their conclusion that the device could not provide any

useful propulsion in space inasmuch as th^ device did not cnan^ ir aass
duri-"' oceratlor nor did it exchange monentua with Its envlrormer.t.

The

de!TK3nstratlon model,
t.he

mourted on wheels, did achieve net mover*nt across

to exchan/re Ronertum

floor because It was able, thxouw'h friction,

th<!

with

floor.

Mr. Cooke Irslsted that we did not ^rasp the significance

of the prirclple of his lrvrtlon (eccentrically movlrur masses dev-loplrr

r-'-Tlfj"'*! force which was used to pull the machlre In a preferential

dlrectlor by means of sprlnrs attached to the rotatirr Masses^ and cited

a report by an en/'ireer at United Airlines that irdicated the device

wouli provide net mo-rtjr.

Ir.

a preferred directlor.

On a subsequent

visit, Yr. Cooke brou-rht a c-:py of the United Airlines report to AC^^)

for

o'jr

appraisal.

We made a Xerox copy of the report and returned

Mr. Cooke's copy with a promise that we vould study the enirlneer's

analysis and ^Ive Mr. Cooke the results of that study within two weeks.
I

was requested to review the report and communicate my analysis to th*

inventor.
Exarairatlor of the dynamic analysis of the propulsion device by....

ar

er.pi,r.er

employed by United Airlines, revealed a fault that is probably

the major cause of the erroneous results obtained....

....Rather than correct the errors....! chose a less complicated and less
i.-volved method to shov that the net nomentum of the propulsion device

pnposed bv Mr. Cooke

Is tero over one cycle.

The analysis by.... Is

attaered for reference, and my anal/sis Is contained In the following

sections.

Only

t.he

relevant conclusions of this report are presented, the first

a physical description - and the second
-

section

detailed mathematics

have beer, deleted.

'Editor's note)

This report misspells Cook's name throughout.

El 6-4a

Potion of NASA's

fir^l

erroreouS

an.ilySiS O'

Cook

CiP -nvention

97

....Perhaps an aralogy will Illustrate how Mr. Cooke's principle can

provide motion
space.
Ir.

a desired direction under sone conditions but not In

.-naraffe

Suppose ore menber of a rroup is told that if he can

po.-.d

to

ret from the center of a frictlorless

of ice without throwinfl' away

The

any part of his clothln/^ or other

:tu3S,

he will receive a reward.

bowlinfl-

menber a.rrees, and asks that he be allc-fed to have two

him.

balls with

The i^oup allows this, and the member is then placed on a sled in

the middle of the pond with the two bowling balls held at arns length

ahead of him.

Left alone, the menber swings the bowling balls in opposite

arcs until they are at either side of bin, still at arrs length.
the balls were in motion,

While

the sled moved forward x feet,

but caxe to a

stop when the balls reached the end of their arcs.

Now the person draws

the balls toward him until they meet in front of him.

The sled remains

motionless.

Then he slowly extends the balls to arms length ahead of

hln to the original position, and obser/es that the sled moves backward
X feet tc Its Initial location, and stops when the bowline balls reach

their fully extended position.

balls
to'.-ird

The member then quickly pulls the bowlin?

hin until they touch his chest.

Again the sled moves forward

X feet and stops.

Now he slowly extends the balls ahead of him until

they are aeain at

ams

lerj;th,

and the sled moves back x feet and stops.

After some thought, the member draws the bowling balls to his chest, rests
them in his lap while he takes a small bag of sand from his pocket and

sprinkles sone on the ice behind each sled rjnr.er.

Then he slowly

extends the balls to arns length ahead of him and notes with satisfaction
that when the balls reach their fully extended position the sled moves

slowly forward.

As he pulls the two balls toward his chest, the sled

moves faster ahead but resumes the slow motion a/rain when the balls come
to rest against his chest.

In due course of time,

the member arrives at

the ed^e of the pond ard claims his reward.

Is he entitled to it?

Net Impulse
''"he

net impulse over one cycle is the al-^e'-raic sun of the six

l-dividual impulses calculated ir the fore-^oln,- analysis.

Z'iii

I.'

ma>R

O ^n

uM".

I,'

-mu>f70'^na)r
U)f,-1)

1/ mu3n(CC^

Ex.

6-4b

Dr. Olsen's cbncludih^ analogy.

98

F>g 6-3
(a)

ball
Icl

Direction of positive Conoiis fofce produced bv radially rnoving between A ana 3 'bi the bail drained of angular momentum; direction of negati-.e Conoiis force produced by radially moving

ball

between B ana C

small wheels At the ends of the earners are springs attached to the frame These are used to accelerate the propellant mass radially Forty-five degrees from the desired direction of travel both lead bars are accelerated radially in the carrier and impact in the rearward direction. Then they are recycled to the 45' position, and the action repeats.

HOW NOT TO PROPEL WITH

In 1971. Dr.

INERTIAL

FOPCES
j

analysis of the

Olsen made what he thought was an honefej CIP (Cook Inertial Propulsion) engine He made tN

Mechanically,
picture
IS

it's

rather simple, but the true full-force

extraordinarily complex.

statement that in order to simplify the math involved m analyzir^ the system he would condense the propellant mass (which on i\k working model was a long lead bar) into a small round ball.* H doing this he failed to realize he had changed the sound mechai icai principle on which the CIP engine was founded The drawmw he made of his idea showed a ball contained inside a revolvira tube which had springs on each end that were compressed arqj released at certain intervals for the purpose of trying to create -i
effective force Let s Simply explain the principle Or Olsen analyzed. ;i r > 1 the spring is released sending the ball a toward the center rotation B As the ball moves toward center it must lose angui momentum, which Creoles a Coriolis force (Fig 6- 3a) Assuming counterrotation and synchronization, this fort
!
,

In his

analysis Dr
in

Olsen

states. "Rather than

I

correct the errors

the United analysis

have chosen

'

a less complicated and less involved method to show that the net momentum of the propulsive device pro-

posed by Mr Cook is zero over one cycle." Dr Olsen s report was quite a disappointment. Not only did he analyze the incorrect principle, but also his timing calculations were not based on the timing inherent in Cook's actual model. Cook knew that what Olsen had analyzed wouldn't work from his Cook's experiments Olsen corrected the timmg in
a later report, but rn,'vef did rectify the incorrect
principle

Cook wrote
ciple

He
"

entitled

Forces

This

summary on Dr Olsen's prin"How Not To Propel with Inertial summary is presented here
a
it

the V direction. At / - 2 the tube is vertical and the tail B at center It h lost all angular momentum but still has linear momentum in I - Y direction (Fig. 6-3bl At r 3 the bail has moved from center B to position (Fig 6-3c) It had to increase angular velocity and again creat Conolis force but this time m the - Y direction The impact force, which is produceo by the bail arrivif>g C equals the force used to mmally release it at 7" - 1 These fofc ano T 1 cancel The Conoiis force produced b<.'Uv>-ri T r - 2 and T * 2. bdijnces the Conoiis loicu pioOuceO botw*.Also, the positive centrifugal fo'cv produced betwe T ' 3 anu T m 1 exactly cancels the neg.mve centrifugal foi during this same time
is

produced

j^

This cN)r^gf cjn

be seen

lO Eh'bii

6 4j

99 -

In his report

(page

9) Dr.

Olsen

lists

these

six

impulses

shows
more.

the direction of travel over one cycle, and couldn't agree the net innpulse to be zero.
in

We

a^K

No one has
principle.
(I

ever

fully

analyzed the complete

is supercomplex. do not completely understand all the details of why It works. Cook does by his feel for inertial forces and his newly acquired knowledge of advanced math and physics.) Together we can give you a glimpse of the forces involved and how Dr. Olsen strayed from
It

looks so innocent but yet

still

CENTER, Of

KpiAflO^

the principle.
stration

The two counterrotating rotors of the demonmodel have long lead bars. To properly analyze

the principle you have to consider these as bars. At 7 = 1 (45), the lead bars were moved radially by springs controlled by cams. The bars overlap the center of rotation by four inches (Fig. 6-4).

Fig.

6-4

Lead bar properly positioned

its

earner.

causes two Coriolis Impulses to occur simultaneously in each one. A positive Coriolis impulse is produced by the portion of the bars moving toward center, and negative Coriolis impulses occur in the portion moving away from center. Because of their quadrant, the force vectors were

Moving the bars

radially

petal force in the short

end

of the

mass. Again, note

that the bar only travels four inches in the carrier before

additive in the desired direction of travel. This principle

demands simultaneous Coriolis impulse forces. As the bars move radially at a controlled
the following happen:
(a)

rate

The

centripetal force acting

on the section

of

mass

move radially away from the center of rotation in a straight line is destroyed (because that part moves from the center in nearly a tangent) A mass moving in a tangent cannot produce centrifugal force, although it will produce a tangential acceleration or negative Coriolis force (provided a constant positive torque is maintained).
constrained to
lb)

impacts, producing a negative impact force in the rearward direction. To complete the picture there are other forces (such as the gyroscopic forces) to consider. A complete analysis is extremely complex and beyond the scope of this book. Shortly after Olsen's report, a similar and Incomplete report was done by Dr. Dick Albert at the University of Arizona (Exhibit 6-5).
It

The

loss of centripetal force and consequently cenon four inches of mass overlapping the center of rotation causes the opposing centrifugal force produced by the overlapping four inches of the other side of center to become more mass producing a positive propulsive effect. As effective long as the bar does not move radially, eight inches of mass has forces in equilibrium. In other words, four inc^^es of mass on each side of the center countrifugal force

terbalance each other

(c)

until

moved

radially.

Althourn the lead bar remains physically the same le spinning (12 inches x 1!4 inches x 1'/i size inches) the inertial mass vanes a great deal, something tl- n Dr Olsen neither mentions nor considers

in his

r(

;)ort.

A good cone shown

6-5.

Wciy to visualize this is in the form of a by the concentration of dots in Figure

When the greater mass moves toward center has to give up energy (which produces a positive Coriolis force) while the mass moving away from center increases its energy content and produces a
it

negative Coriolis *orce The Coriolis forces combine in the positive direi/.ion with the increased centrifugal force imbalance ceated by the removal of the centri-

Fig 6-5

The

inertial

force

cone

100

Notes on the Cook Cycle

A -.ass is forced to move at constant velocity ever

an arc frcn

to C.

It is then accelerated from C through

towards A alorsr a dlar^eter which rotates with the same

an-rular velocity w.

Before reachimr A it is retarded so as

_X

to reduce its radial velocity at A to zero.

TLe

inass

moved in such a manner exerts forces on the

axiidire;

mechanism driving and

it.

By resolvinp- them into

their components in the X and Y directions and intererratlmr

them over the complete cycle the reaction of the system

can easily be found.

Vovirg from

A.

to C the

mass is subject to centrifugal force.

All components In

the direction of Y durirff the travel from A to B are equal but opposite to all Y

components over the paths from B to C.

of the components
ir.

Their total therefore is zero.

An addition

the X direction

fi;ives

a resultant force throurh the center of

rotation.
V.ovir/r

from C to

the mass is retarded in the -X direction as its velocity is

to A where it attains a^aln the

reduced from w r to zero and accelerated from

velocity o^ w r but in the +X direction.

Adding the reaction forces of the X acceleration and X deceleration of the mass
**rom C to A,
i

a-ives a

resultant force in the direction of -X, throui^h the center of

i

the diameter and of the same valve as the +X resultant of the centrifugal forces from A
to C thus yieldinc zero when added to it.

That these two resultants are equal becomes obvious if one considers that the
j

wort done ir chana-inp- the velocity w r from the +X direction in A to -X in C is equal tQ

the work done In chan^infl; it back from -X in C to

in A.

As the total of the reaction forces caused by acceleration of the mass from C
to^'ards A Is
C,

equal and opposite to the reaction due to the retardation before reachlmr

these forces cancel out equally.

The foreroir.p^ shovs that over the cycle all forces have added up to zero and
]

the whole system has returned to its position at the origin.

C* 6-5
t'nrversity of

Arizona anatysis by Or Oictc Aiberi

101 -

On December

2,

1971 the Concord Transcript

Concord, California) displayed the nnodel tested by nited Airlines on its front page. Cook again chal-

;nged Newton "The sonnewhat lewton's third law are greatly elay in developing this system." Cook returned to Presidio
olidays.

ambiguous words

of

responsible for the (See Exhibit 6-6.) for vacation over the

ure investors
lete

Armed with the United Airlines report he was were on the horizon. He wanted a com-

system built to prove his theory fully. A few months later in March a newspaper tory (Exhibit 6-7a) about him was published in ijinaga, Chih., Mexico, which Is across the Rio Grande cm Presidio. Here is a translation: (Exhibit 6-7b). On his way back to California Cook stopped in jcson. There, he stopped by to see Steve Wilkerson
t

Fig.

6-6
air

CIP on an

cushion propelling on a

flat

laboratory table.

the Daily Star to describe the results of the test

done on his invention. Wilkerson lowed Cook the critical letter Dr, Holloway had sent \e newspaper almost two years earlier. Insulted,
nited Airlines had
iea

ook arranged a meeting with Holloway to discuss his as well as the United Airlines report.

The two men

3und.
"I'll

talked for about an hour. Dr. Hol-

that Cook's principle was he said. "I believe you're right." his conversation happened on a Friday, so Dr. Holway told Cook to make arrangements for Steve /ilkerson to come in on the following Monday and he, olloway, would publicly endorse the concept. That Monday was something of a shock to ook, for instead of endorsement he was handed the )llowing unexpected report supposedly disproving his

way became convinced

buy
that,"

man. Phil Stall, responded to an ad Cook had run in the San Francisco Examiner seeking an investment partner. The two men signed a partnership agreement. Cook moved to San Francisco and continued his experiments at a college, which was owned by Stall. Stall was curious as to what Dr. Holloway would say of Cook's successful experiments with the machine on an air cushion. He phoned Holloway and asked him to witness a demonstration. (Cook would bring the machine to T^jcson once again.) Holloway
agreed.
to Arizona and demonstrated cushion in one of the University laboratories. Dr. Holloway still wouldn't accept it. He claimed that the mechanism was propelling forward because the machine tended to tilt the air cushion and, as the cushion tilted, the air escaped out the back creating a kind of jet propulsive effect. Cook then placed the machine at the back of the air cushion so the cushion couldn't be tilted up. It still worked. Dr. Holloway now couldn't explain what was happening so he called it a "trick machine." (See Fig. 6-6.) After this incident, Stall phoned Holloway, who maintained that he still wasn't satisfied that Cook had proven anything. Stall arranged for a further test on Cook's machine at United Airlines. This time, the machine was tested for two weeks with an accelerometer attached to a polygraph recorder and oscilloscope. The test was conducted by one of United's top engineers, Rob Wolf, who had 27 years of engineering experience Prior to the test Wolf had reviewed the analytical report prepared by United, and wasn't convinced It was totally accurate "Bob," Wolf told Cook, "this accelerometer test will probably disprove your

ea (Exhibit

6-8).

So Cook went
air

"Over the weekend." explained Holloway, "I Dnducted some experiments and won't be endorsbuilt your machine out of an g this thing publicly. ector kit use for building models and it worked feautifully on wheels, it zipped right across the labora"{ry table. But then put it on an air bucket and all it did as gyrate in a circle." Cook requested to see the lOdel but Holloway stated that it had already been smantled "But did you use counterrotating rotors?" ook inquired. Oh. yes." Holloway replied, "and all it
I

the machine on an

was

gyrate

in

a circle."

believed Holloway told the truth, He had never tested one of his lOdels on an air cushion. He reasoned, though, that if olloway did really use counterrotating rotors and the 3vice didn't propel it sure couldn't gyrate in a circle

Cook,

who

as

now

worried.

it would have to oscillate back and forth. Cook beJme suspicious A small article (Exhibit 6-9) in the

'izona Daily Star of April 21,

1972 records Cook's

op

in

Tucson

Once back
lased an
'

in California

Cook immediately
floating

pur-

air

cushion.

When

on

this

cushion

air,

his

machine worked

perfectly.

That

Mav

dn 1972) a San Francisco business-

theory."

102 -

103 -

Genial loventor de Presidio, Texas.

Robtrt Cook
d uo nativo de
rtoideedtd,
roo.

GENIAL INVENTOR
His

FROM

PRESIDIO, TEXAS

ei
!

el

oombre
de 08
etballe
elf in

Nos
do por
la

dice el sifior

Co<k
la

veciot pobl

que lu aptrato ya fue extmina

U.iited Air Lioet,

cl6n de Preaidio. Text*,

de

rcil

Unto y pelabrt y

mit impqrtaote

ttoea aire* dc

a native citizen of our border town. Presidio. Texas The 38-year old Cook has a keen intelligence and an easy manner. He is quick to show off pictures and documents relating to the latest model of his invention, explaining that
is

name

Robert Cook, he's

teligeocii.

quien eon

utific

Estados Uoidoi, y que babien dolo eatiidiado a eoncirncia, en

eootraroo acrptable, puefte q' ademia le hao dado cueota que
invirtie-idrt ia hi'ic dl

although the

ci6Q rtflejada en iu roetro, noi mueatra fotografUi, dojumen

toj

USA Patent Off>ce has already given its approval, the registered number is still pending Cook's invention is a propulsion engine that

y DO* da toda citie de xplicadooM de un aparHo que ciba de crear de luioveodfin,

fli

ant

rato, e*tat
cla arrlba.

puedeo impeler bt>

por rjcmpio a un a
el

can be adapted to automobiles and can be powered by steam The engine needs no drive shaft or transmission, and the adaptor supplants conventional wheels and brakes In addition, and of most concern today, this engine will not produce toxicant materials to pollute the
air.

(obre

eual. la

Oficioa de Pa

vi6o,

aunque

invents

etti

thus reducing a great deal of atmosphere

teot'i d Eit^doi
le

Unidoa lolo
el

eppeciaimdote

Jisefiado

para

pollution.

filta eovitrle

numero dc
"vii-

rcgiitro.

puei ya

le di6 el

vfh(:uloi terrfitret. Nue.'troeotrtvisiado

qua,

to

bueoo".
Se tratt de uo equipo a

como decimos.
iidio,

ea

nativo de Pre

Cook tells us that his apparatus has already been Examined by the United Air Lines, the largest air line in the USA. After studying they found Cook's
it.

paia largia tempzrtdaa

P'opuln6o, queaiptado a lot vipor, iito.Ti6iIet y movido

hni
!*

ioneoestrios
ait

el 'ciguffiil

en Cal.foroia y noi ligue dieitn do que eiti en espera del ndme ro de la pateote y que perma
oeoeit poaiblemeote en la veri

trtnrmii6o,

como

otrta

pirtei

del vthfeuto,

ioeluaiTc

oa poblaeidn hasia

el

dta diti

lo frnoi.
to lerviri

ya que dicho apara

DO

del preiente mrs. Eiti

eo

para impulsar lit rue dii y ptra freoir el movimieo to. Pero lo mil important* de todo y por
ler

caia de sus tNa Mtriquita,

tem de

actull-

Paochita y Tereiita Rodttguez donde ah^ ra tambifn re eocuen tra au padre, d arflor Fedcrico

engine acceptable for planes the propellers can be impelled upward although the invention was specially designed for land vehicles. Cook, as we said, is aviative of Presidio, but spends long periods of time *n California At present, he IS waning to receive his patent number, but will remain m our vicmity until the last day of this month. He IS staying with his aunts. Manquita. Panchita, and Teresity Rodriguez. His father, Mr. Fred Cook is also with him As we ended our interview with Cook, we felt a pleasant satisfaction of having met a simple and good man with many aspirations and wishes to work and serve mankind.
Translated by Eva Maria Nieto from Renovacion, Semanano De La Verdad Cd. Ojinaga. Chih., Mexico.

dd

la

coatamioaoi6o del am*

Cock. Nos dep!dimoa del

flor

ie

biettte

o de la atm(5ifera, dtbido a Bu combu>ti6o. e#ta no

f6x''r:.trtn

Ccok tray^ndooot

Ik

agra

dabl^ aatiafacclAn de haber co-

O'o^uei'i mM'la
lo

nocido a UD hombre aeocillo

bileno, coo

que poiibletnente y ti Hegar a poner en U'O.reduciri en un gtn porceotajeeste p<ligro

muchai

arpirau'o*

Owner and G Manager Tomas Noriega

March
19.

1972

nea y deieos dc trabaiar y ir

ir.

que ameuiza
Ex. 6-7a

al

muodo.
Ex.

6-7b

First foreign lar>guage

news

report of Cook's invention.

Translation of the 1972 story

but

look
u^ed
to

in.sists

this
il

con-

an equal and opposite reaction.

Tucsonan's Son Allowed Patents

clusion docs nul

mean

cairl

be

propel

cui^

or

"The model works,

know.
case.
"

is all

boats.

said
don't
"

Cook.
think

'In

my

For His Controversial Engine

B) ,\RT timi:.\STIt()M
star Business LdJtor
Allhoui^h
'iolale ihe
I

"Ore

of

the

airUne s engi-

Newions

Law

h.is

been properly inter-

neers. David B. Doll, told ine

preted

us

a result

of

study

by

to

take

mr

seiiuusly

for

It

lould possibly be u.v>d as a

Cook
sut)siiiuie

present
five

model propo-jnds
o(

Lmted
lo

Air Lines.
t.

chjni{'."

for
Siiid.

helicopter

ro-

duces

ahoui

once

dctlaicU

Itobeil
Iher,
501

Cook.
St

Trie report, sitjned

by

It

tors.' he

intcrmittenl

thmst. but he

wliDiw
live*

r;i-

hv,% of moiioii. a

Fiea W. Cook,

CuUjns.

LAL Mce

presideni

CiKik vkas in
lo the
fice.

Tucson en route
01-

bolie\es

it

can
thrust

produce

ai

rudely built engine jn.'^ir.ed

E.

.hmrno
in

for engineerin'.j. found the de-

San Fiancisco patent

'constari'"
."ivire

when
it

four

said L'AL

by a Tuf.sonan's son hjs been

allowed
10 L' S.

en;4!nceis

vice for convertinsi ceMtrifui^al

.Sun

Francisco

patent

(.'.jmiis

nie

"have oprnc'J lots of dooi $ for and people jre beginning

force into a linear thi'usi not

efftcteot

where he expects to be issuoJ il:c paients and lo arran;-? for forpi-.;n paten! s fritin
Laiia-.!.!.

rotors

are added. With

could
to 3 000

s;\

i-otors.

he thinks,

enough for airplanes.

produce up
olutions

pounds o(

tnu'land.

Fiance,

".hrust electrically at 2.000 rev-

(jeimany Jap^n and Italy

cruder nio<lel of his iir.eniion checked Uo srais a-.;o by two Lniverh.

rnii-.tin;'

Cook

s:\

e-

en

per minute, without exhaust and without ha. in; to have battcnes re-

Ex 6-9

thar'^ed

The 1972 Arizona Oj"v Star ston/ Cook states, "In my case, don't think Newton's Law has " been properly mterprotod
I

sit>

of

\ruona

physicists. Al-

Cook
<

;s

a pnntin; press
trade, but
in

me-

thou:jh they jdinitted Ihe

m;
that

works

iliey insisted
*

it

violated

NcvKtnn

Third

Law

for evri V action t]i"ie

must be

has reConcord. all his time to ( aiif the promotion of his mvenlion.
f^anie

by

Mijned
.

Job to devote
his

105

Mb MOpeL ^L

106

Here is the testing arrangement (Exhibit 6-10): Wolf was amazed at the results "In all honesty the results of our tests are positive, it does work." The "peak forces" were 6/ positive to 3 negative, and the positive area on the graph was
greater than the negative (Exhibit 6-11). No one could really explain the results;
tests again proved

he had boasted of

his education

and

his private piloy

experience. Cook failed to see how that had anythiiil to do with the testing Toole had been sent to confir Rather than criticize the experimental arranct^ ments while viewing it at United or in Cook's presenr^
the young

the

in

Cook had done the unthinkable.

'We're willing to back up the analysis and our results to anyone that calls." said United, "but that's as far as

something quite unethical. He lal! Stall that the tests had r( been conducted properly. This statement was an oi right falsehood. The tests were performed by UnitecJ

man

did

private informed

top engineering professionals.

Stall

now

wanteds!

we
that

can go.

We

can't

recommend one way

or another

anyone invest or not invest in this thing." With such startling conclusions one might think that the engineering staff of United Airlines would be anxious to inform the world of their findings. This didn't happen. Too much doubt set in: With something so seemingly impossible could they be sure their
analysis was correct? United didn't want to get involved with controversy They felt, for obvious business reasons, that since the idea wasn't feasible for the airlines they would avoid any further testing on this crude, inefficient model. United wasn't in the business
of

endorsement from what he consider^ qualified personnel. He wished to bring in oth experts. The ideal people, he thought, would be at 1

more more

positive

California

Institute of

Technology (Caltech)

in

Pasi

dena. The President of Caltech. however, recot? mended Dr. Gary Hiller. an associate professor mechanical engineering at the University of Californ^ Berkeley to analyze the machine. In January of 1973 Cook. Stall, and Hiller metj San Francisco over a business dinner Arrangemen

were
initial

for Dr.

Hiller
fully

and Cook

to

meet

later,

on

campus.
might

When

promoting inventions.

reaction
really

was

introduced to the idea, Dr. Hille positive. He believed that the

this

The whole problem seemed

to

be one of

be something to

machine but

Cook's impression was that the engineers and authorities at United seemed afraid of the controversy that would be initiated by pushing the idea too far. The engineers began to suspect they might be wrong, and a tremendous fear appeared to develop. This attitude ultimately prevented a thorough in-depth study of this tremendous idea. It also prevented the specialists from recognizing the true controversy between Cook's demonstration of an internal propulsive force and the laws of mechanics. The professionals seemed to be extremely confused about the scientific implications of what Cook had or had not uncovered. The accelerometer tests were finished on December 27. 1972 A few days later, in January 1973. Cook sent Dr Holloway the following letter (Exhibit
vanity
6-12) informing

human

judgment: The machine seem too good to be true. Hiller took it to a second profesa who. likewise, became excited. But the second p
didn't trust his

own

fessor didn't feel confident that they

enough

to

though it presented the idea to a third professor. Dr. Jo Brown, who had a reputation as a "super braii Dr. Brown didn't have time to talk to Cook on the c they were introduced, so Cook left some reports Dr. Brown said he would check the matter out in tir
i

were qualifi judgment on the idea, ev looked good to them. The two men t^i
pass
final

him of the results: upon hearing of the test results at United, decided to go ahead and have a more powerful version of the machine built. He asked Cook to get three different estimates from machine shops for the
Phil Stall,

A few weeks later a student friend of Coo nephew, one Mike Figueira, went to Dr. Brown to his opinion on the invention. Dr. Brown told Figut that he wouldn't spend fifteen minutes checking it after he realized what the idea was all about becai as he put it it was "contrary to the laws nature." Figueira passed this comment on to Co< who offered to come to Brown's office and furtf
)
(

discuss the idea. Brown stated flatly that the thi wouldn't work and he wouldn't waste his time on
il

next model. Excited over the accelerometer test re-

When news
gested
it

of events reached Stall to

he

si

Cook couldn't begin to expect that he was soon be undermined again By the time Cook had obtained the estimates. Stall, having second thoughts, had soured on the idea. What changed his mind were the opinions of one of his young business associates, Richard Toole, a recent graduate of Dartmouth Toole had been assigned to accompany Cook to United to witness the tests there. Awed by the reception and treatment that Cook was afforded at United* s Testing Center, Toole appeared to be jealous and envious Earlier, on their drive to United.
sults.

was time

"throw

in

the towel." S

to

assumed

the professors had spent a lot of tinhe bu ing models in the laboratory Cook explained that

professors had conducted no experiments, that eve thing they said was conjecture. Stall couldn't believe "The professors have a chance to make a lot of dow if this thing works, why should they pass up a char like this?" He wanted out Cook went to San Francisco with dissolution partnership papers in hand. Before signing, howev Stall had decided to speak directly with Dr. Hiller

107 -

Jar.jary 2, 1973 R.L. Cook Corcord, CA

?rcf2sscr JIt. Hollcway Aro-pace ar.d Mecranlcal

Ur.lversltv of Arlzora
T-.c::o-..

Erxlr.e-ri-..' Dept.

Arizona

95-21

Dear

mrd.

y.y las*, two w9ks ^ave been very excitir^ because of the tests "Unites Alrllres" has been dolr? or. fly propulsion device which you were Introduced to last s.-ij.er. I'm certain that you won't boliov* the results of the tests since they wera po. Itlve
.

The "acceloro.-ter" showed that th " peak forces " were approximately -^ positive to 3 neitative ar.d although the area urder eacn peak was very close to belrr equal, rver-the-less the positive area was greater Ir. pric'lcally all the recordirjs. The test records have lven ra a perfect picture of what I suspected all alor^ was not at all surprised at the results althou*?h the director of "Ur.lted's" was very anazed to say the least. Kr. Job Wolf was the or.e that selected and set up the test. He Is a specialist In this field and has had 2'> years excerler.ce The testing was very thorough - they worked on It for several lays. Incller.tly before the test was conducted I mathematically arxi graphically Illustrated the results to oe expected but no one expected those results to cone true. But they did - the only difference was that I used pounds and l.nc.hes on my scale and they used "C's" and centimeters on theirs. The results on both scales were alr.c::t Identical 6*+ to 3 negative. Perhaps this was all a stran;5e coincidence bu-. It's Interesting to see how T set up the equatlorjs and got these results.

ard

errlr.eeriri? lab,

In closlr.!^
1.

must say;

Alth.ough the machine barely passed the test - It must be re^sber^i that ' lnesT.5lete system was tested. Certain very Important parts were Kissing or the test machine because I don't have the skill nor the equipment to build then. One of these parts (a radial velocity regulator) for the propellant mass (or welijh:) could have prevented overacceleratlon which produced the sor.ewhat long lasting neratlve

force
At the speed the rotor was turrlmj the radial velocity of the mass shc-ld not have exceeded l\ ft. per second but without It this velocity reached about ? ft. per second which was too much for ijood efficiency.

I'a convinced that I have discovered a new prlr.clple regardlr^g motion - namely 2. ang-jlar Bor.entu.-i can be converted Into a linear force which can Increase or effect linear morr^ntum In space or In any envlronnent where notion can take place.
ho-''

ar.d

The wording of the old accepted principle of linear r.o.Tentum Is Incorrect 3. should be b.irled with It's aut.hor (Newton I believe.). I for one refuse to be limited by such teachlrjrs especially when they are wrong.
U. The system appears to be highly Inefficient at first glance - but really Isn't when the full truth Is known. A properly built machine will f.Lly denor^strate this fact.
'.

'.

I am preparlrjr drawings for a "factory built" macnlne which hopefully -.11 be finished 3C.-9 tl-e this year. It will be a complete system designed to prci-ce about 20? tou-ds cf cor^sUnt force
.

I'll keep you lri"or;ed on my progress and If you have any questlor^s pl^ease fel free to ask. also If you .have any sugge3tlor.s that might help expedite the wrrk, I'd like to hear them.
*

Sincerely,

Robert Cook
Ex 6-12

Cooks "gocd-news"
'esults

letter to

Dr Holloway regarding positive test

from United

Airlines

108 -

confirm the experiments done to disprove Cook's model. When Cook arrived at his office. Stall was still waiting for Dr. Hiller to return his call They both waited but finally, becoming impatient, signed the paper anyway. Cook was just leaving when Miller's call came
through.
Stall

engineers, however, slowly educated him. providi the nomenclature needed to later answer his critics Eventually. Cook fell better prepared to rem<

the hostile Dr.

John Olsen

at

NASA He made

quizzed

H-iler

on what tests were con-

ducted

that since the idea was agamst the "laws of nature," the professors hadn't considered it worth their time to construct anything or do any experiments because they

at the University

He was informed

appointment, this time bringing the professionally bi model on an air cushion as well as an improved gra of the necessan/ terminology and mathematics. Ols wanted to witness the demonstration m the hall by t receptionists desk. Cook was offended at this. He h spent years developing an alternative concept
transportation and the only facility his governmt could give him to demonstrate his working model a small place by the receptionist's desk. The inhc pitable Olsen made it clear from the outset that wasn't at all pleased having to look at the machir Fortunately, as Cook prepared the demonstration, many scientists and engineers gathered that a das room had to be opened to accommodate them. Witf

assumed the idea to be worthless. Cook had been totally honest when he told Stall no experiments had been done. Now, realizing
this. Stall

suggested

that they tear

up the dissolution

He was Informed that since the idea was against the 'laws of
nature, " the professors hadn't considered it worth their time to construct anything or do any experiments because they assumed

blackboard to use Cook took advantage of the opp( tunity to give approximately a one-hour lectur demonstration. Colonel Alfred fVl. Worden. one of tl Apollo 15 astronauts, was in the audience. Afterwari

he wished Cook success because he

portation

felt

rocket
of

trarii
'

was

too expensive.

This

visit

wasn't without

moments

humci
*

the idea to be worthless.

papers and continue with the

original

contract.

But

the lecture was over. Cook and his friend Hare (who had accompanied him to NASA) were dri cussing with Dr. Olsen the errors that he. Olsen. h;', made in a previous analysis. "Well." Dr. Olsen said. might be inclined to believe that such a thing is po^i sible if no less an authority than Newton Isaac thii is hadn't said this sort of thing was impossible." Furlo. overhearing Olsen, quickly jumped inkFurlo
;j
'

When

Cook was

just too angry. He felt that Stall didn't trust him. that his honesty had been impuned, and that his partner had caused him to be subjected yet once again

the foray with

Newton

didn't

some salty language: "In this know what the fuck he was

regae
talkirrt

to humiliation

from professors. Cook's feelings had

to

about." Dr. Olsen and the other sophisticated sciein; tists present were deeply shocked. They had nevf

continue the partnership. wouldn't quit. Deciding on the basis of cost estimates and the recommendations of Uniied's personnel, he chose Menches Tool

been hurt too much

On

his

own now. Cook

and Die, Inc. of San Carlos. California to build his sixth working model (the first that was not handmade). The machine cost a whopping $3,869. It did produce a greater positive force, but still was not the complete system needed to produce continuous acceleration. This 85-pound model could at a slow 70 rpm and 15 pounds of spring pressure drag a 200-pound man across the floor The fact that so little spring pressure was used strongly indicated that the model .vorked without the help of static friction. During the latter port of 1973 Bob traveled with
lis

heard anyone speak so irreverently of Newton. Escorting Dr. Olsen by the elbow. Furlo sang "Come over here and let me explain to you how thf machine works." He went on to depict how the iw| rotors acted like two men pulling a boat down a can| with ropes stretched at 45 angles. Furlo showed ho^j these two men pulling evenly on both sides of tN canal at the same speed could make the boat mov|
|!^

down

the canal
"I

in a straight line.

can agree with you that this might work ol the ground or in a canal but where are you going to g(j
the two
little

men

to pull this thing in outer space-*" D)]

3nd manufacturers
ful
still

model seeking supporters, investors. He was battling a dead but poweropponent Sir Isaac Newton and his proof was
shop-buill

Olsen asked. Furlo, pointing at the black motor on {hi machine, replied. "Do you see that motor there? Well that small motor is the two little men that are going t| pull this in outer space" The response left Dr. OlseJ
flabbergasted
f

too

weak

to

be taken seriously by Newton sup-

oorters His meetings with scientists, professors, and

The lecture had been well received but Cook'i model had barely propelled (for then-unknowl reasons) Therefore, he had not provided an overll

109

6-7
It
le

warped platform caused the edges of the air cushion to drag, warp is accentuated here, but could not be seen m the actual

tuation.

The model, mounted on an been placed on a wooden platform ook had brought from home. Not until he placed a raight edge across the platform after he had returned 3me did Cook realize what had gone wrong. Covered i sheet metal on one side, the platform had been arped the sides had curled upward due to the high oisture content of the air following heavy rains, ecause of the model's low efficiency it needed a jrfectly level surface for a proper demonstration. The arped platform had a devastating effect on the marline's performance: It had caused too much drag on
jnvincing demonstration.

cushion, had

came into the picture in Januar/ of -1974, first meeting Cook while on vacation from Denver, Colowas visiting my brother Brett, a graduate rado.
I I

student

at

the University of the Pacific

Brett's

in

Stockton,

California.

roommate

Art

Smoke was Cook's

air

cushion, especially during the positive force

cle (Fig. 6-7)

Cook phoned Dr. Olsen to explain the marine's poor performance. But the NASA scientists ) ready felt they understood what was happening and
li

nephew. Brett and Art fascinated me with their accounts of Cook's experiments. They both had intense confidence in the inventor's ingenuity and his anxiously awaited meeting Cook at Art's integrity wedding reception, and on that ven/ day my brother and made arrangements with Cook to view his machine and hear his unbelievable story. Seeing the fell in love with Cook's model a few days later, project at once and soon became convinced that the man hadn't been given a proper hearing.
I I I

kJ

begun

their

dynamic analysis They were certain

e machine wasn't doing what Cook

as.

was convinced

it

Then 23, left a good job in Denver to assist the inventor, expecting no immediate financial compensation for my work. Even at that young age, had extreme confidence in my ability to promote, and.
I

They saw no need

for

him

to return with the

{I

achine. Copies of their latest analysis

ailed to him.
lying, "If

would soon be

At the lecture, Cook recalled Dr. Olsen third law goes, we're wide open r perpetual motion." From the way this was said, iiljDok got the impression that Olsen considered per-

being a small-town farm boy from Iowa, was an extremely hard worker. With a reputation for being thorough in my work and studies, and with a degree in

Newton's

mathematics,

felt

Cook

in

his efforts

and be an

could benefically complement ideal assistant to him. My

tual

motion

some

kind of a crime.

own frank evaluation of his working model led me to agree with his interpretations. The conclusion Cook

no

had reached was,

trained

to

me, quite staggering. Being

experienced a and discomfort in considenng
I

classical physics.

initially

great deal of difficulty

Ver every few years, some hopeful mver)tor builds it actually demor^strates. at least to his own satisfaction, c antigravity device These are always laboratory moda
rather, apparently producing) only a very 14 of the machines are electrical, others pur\ mechanical, based on wtiat might be called the "bootsti principle." and containing unbalanced flywheels, cran^ springs, and oscillating weights. The idea behind theses the action and reaction may not always be equal and op/i site, and there may sometimes be a little net force left t in one direction. Thus, though everyone agrees that yn can'f lift yourself by a steady pull on your bootstraps, pi haps a series of properly timed lerks might have a differ^
(or,
lift

Cooks

producing

contentions soon reasoned, however, that a machine this fantastic couldn't possifciy be difficult to promote. No, not something with the potential to reshape history,
I

Some

provide a maior solution to the energy crisis, and correct errors in the foundations of physics How could this invention help but stir up all kinds of interest?
Surely, the

rewards were too great

for absolutely
I

no

honest, rn-depth study to be

done

was
I

result.

in

for the

shock of
I

my

life

To
If

seem real to me know could accept defeat, but not knowing for sure one way or the other drove me crazy. All of Cook's
expenments
to date

ensuing events do not Cook were wrong, wanted to

this day.

had proved

positive.

fvlany of the experts had explained that Cook's model was taking advantage of static friction to impulse along. With the friction removed, it would duplicate the earlier experimental test results of Dean's drive. (When the load on Dean's unit was placed on rollers, it simply oscillated back and forth.) Cook had done experiments on both a boat in a small pool and on an air cushion. To his expectation and everyone elses' disbelief the machine worked better without friction. But Cook could not win. He'd carry Out one suggested experiment successfully, and there was always another he hadn't tried, always one more. It all started with Dr. Clark Jacobsen at the University of Arizona. He suggested that the wheels on Cook's original model weren't properly lubricated. With a little oil on the wheels, he maintained, the device shouldn't propel. A few squirts of oil. and the machine ran beautifu'ly! Next. Dr. Tom Livingston suggested putting the machine on water. Cook did, and away it impulsed! Then Dr. Holloway suggested

Put this way, the idea seems completely absoi but it is not easy to refute an intelligent and sincere invent with a beautifully made machine containing dozens of pai\ moving in every possible direction, who maintains that % oscillating contraption produces a net lift of half an our^ and that a bigger model could take you to the t/oon Vj may be 99.999 percent sure that he is wrong, yet be gut unable to prove it. If gravity control is ever discovered, it vi surely depend on much more sophisticated techniques tfi mechanical devices and it will probably be found a<t byproduct of work in some completely unexpected fieldi

physics.

Also

in

February

joined

Cook

for his

secol

meeting with Dr. Brian Williams, a physicist at Larence Livermore Laboratory (Livermore. Califormi Cook spoke highly of Dr. Williams, rating him as ts most open, genuine, and brilliant scientist he hi
yet met.

began an honest analysis of til concentration he concluded x\i to give this principle a complete and thorough analy s would require several weeks or even months. Dr. W; liams suggested that we conduct a rope experime" He felt if we could make the model hang off center vi would have a super convincing demonstration for aj
Dr. Williams
principle. After

some

scientist.

front

page picture

(Exhibit 6-13) in the

Con

the air cushion experiment. After this success, they concluded. "Well, maybe that's not the way to do it. It has to have an acceleromeier test." And after that test

proved the machine worked, the professors were still not satisfied. They admitted the test results proved positive, but were convinced that the test equipment was not properly set up. although it was done by
professionals for a
full

two weeks. What does

it

take?

arrived along with a separate, smaller report

February of 1974 Dr Olsen's revised report from a Dr Kenneth Dunham, which corroborated Olsen's report All Dr Olsen had done was to change the
In

Costa Times (February 8. 1974) documents the :! chine suspended from ropes at Buchanan Air Fields Concord. California. Again. Cook expressed his cor? dence that Newton's third law was in trouble Tji Times had interviewed both Olsen and Williams. ^ expected. Dr. Olsen's words were not kind: 'Wh*] the device may have limited success on earth, it woM never work in deep space. He's trying to violate t laws of nature and not having much success, butj might be nice as a Christmas toy for kids."* Dr. Williams wasn't quite as severe in his ske ticism; "I have my doubts that it does what he thinks does, but the important thing is to see if it perforr and then try to explain why. And even if Cook h developed a new form of propulsion it is probably

timing of his old incorrect principle. Nevertheless,

we
(o John CampbeH's rtnaik IAnlog. Oct 19 breakthrough device demoostrates a hitherto unguessed potentN the Universe And is. therefore by definition, cor^trary to 'known established laws of Nature "

weren't really counting on a miracle Dr Olsen did suggest that we read a bnef discussion in Arthur C. Clarke's Profiles of the Future. He indicated we might recognize our own device in the passage

'Comoar* (hM words

Ill -

CONTRA COSTA
"THE GREEN SHEET"
8
.

TIMES
nature and not having much success, he said. "But it might be nice as a Christmas toy for kids." Dr. John Trenholm. a phvsicist at the University of California's Lawrence Laboratory at Livermore, is unwilling to be quite so strong in his
sicepticism.

it

NO

WAINUT CdtK CAUIOINI*. MIOAT Mllu>r

l74

Machine Challenges Newton's Law Of Motion

By SUE
Si,jj,evice

SHORMAKER
not

An apparently simple. 85 pound which Bob Cook of Pittsburg has

Buchanan Air Field Wednesday and planned

lo
is

in

Concord
it

to taku

back
it

Ames

later in the week. Although

ivented

may

revolutionize

the

currently powered by electricity, he

ransportation
laybe
!)out
,,

and

aerospace
but then again

^stries overnight
it

will.

one of the device's most is that it can run on any type' of power, from steam to
says
revolutionary features
solar energy.
In addition, he claims the machine needs relatively little power to reach great speeds, an Important factor in times of fuel shortage. "This form of inertia!, propulsion could eventually be the most widely used form of propulsion. It could outrun anything we have now," he predicts.

Cook has spnt the last six years and SSOOno developing what h<> is a revolutionary new method propulsion, which dedts scientific ws 01 njtiire. Despite doubts ranging from skcp
alm^
on the
par*.

And even of more scientific significance. Cook and Dickinson, who admitted he was an "A I skeptic" until he saw the machine, are sure the invention disproves Newton's Third Law of Motion, that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. They are confident that once it is accepted by Ihe scientific establishthe device will force a re evaluaof the basis of phvsics and

ment
tion

"I have he thinks

thing
is to

my
it

doubts that

it

does what

revolutionize the entire field.

3(lci.<m to outright disb-'i.ef

does, but the important see if it performs and then try to explain why," Trenholm says.

scientists and engineers at Ames esearch Center and United Air Lines, 9ok says his device in a more
phisiicaled
Ivinp
Oliv
}ft.
I

vehicle,

form would be capable of he energ>- crisis and propelling from bic-clcs to space

Basically. Cook's niur rotors mounted

dcMce

consists of

jme
lich
\[

in H'o levels on a Atop each rotor is a weight slides back and forth in a short

But acceptance does not seem forthcoming, although scientists at both United and Ames have been sufficiently interested in the device to test and analyze it. Their conclusion has been that, on a theoretical basis the device should not work: that according to known scientific principles it cannot contradict
Newton's Law and do what Couk
believes it does. But to David

And even

if

new form
says,
it is

of

Cook has developed a propulsion. Trenholm

probably so weak that it will never prove useful in transportation. But even limited success would be very valuable to science, he adds. "The value would not be in practical application but in pointing out to scientists that
in some small way the principles on which they base their work is wrong. The discovery of just such an "error years ago led to the development of the hydrogen bomb, he said.

jck.
r\.'

the

rotor

turns

attached by a f? of the machine, slides forward, rking the machine forward.

?icht.

the spring to the

forward,

'.ii

Doll, an aeronaut!engineer at United this does not enCook has really discovered something.
ti-elv rule out the possibility

As ihe rotor continues

l>A'
'

its

revolution

because the eed of the rotor has been reduced the "I'ight moves back with less force than
slides back, but

wf :iht

moves
k
is

forward,

so

although

the

"He may have something in this inIS not covered bv simple Newton's Law analysis. [)oll says He added according to Newtonian analysis the helicopter should never have worked.
vention which
"

"The

scietitific

community

is

not

always right." Trenholm pointed out. "There's no fundamental reason why someone in their backyard in Pittsburg can't come up with something really
significant."

backward the backward weaker than the forward jerk d the net effect seems lo be a slight ward movement. The forward Ihmst is mtermittenl.
ichine jerks

"Maybe
tists

he's

got

another

helicopter," he says.

A former printing pressman. Cook

has worked
full

fi|:urrmg only

when

the weight slides

ward once per revolution, but Cook

^ i his assistant. Joel Dickinson,
()

are

3"

II

it by making the ward thrust continuous Cook acknowledges the device he is . testing IS a crude model "sort of ? the Wright brothers first plaw."

rking to improve

According to Doll, the United scienconcluded the device would not be practical for use by the airlines. In addition to certain technicDl problems which would be encountered m adapting the device on a large enough scale to Tift and propel planes, he says the

lime on his inventions

in

for the past six years. Although he has

had

no

advanced training
or
'

engineering

physics

he says he

comes from

a "long line of engineers and physicists.

method

substantially less eflicienl than current means of propulsion.

is

'But
Doll

it's

says.

"I
it

an interesting device." cant really see any

in the

says with a chuckle

.Although rotor

promise for
"

industry but

it's

HJivrmcnt is now verv s|.iw he sa\^ it 1 the <prd of thr m.ichinr cfuld hr 3(|rrascd l.noo timrs With the hcio o( adv.-inrrd Jraulics and boll hcjnnes ihcrr uld be hundreds of uses for it "" he
.S-

(un to watch. I'm ki.nd of rooting for

him An Ames scientist who is familiar with Cook s work is more di.scouraging
While the device may have limited success on earth, it would never work in deep space, he claims "He s trying to violate the laws of

MACHINE'S MAKERS
th<?

Cook was testing

device

at

Bob Cook and Joel Dickinson

X.

6-13

est

conducted

at

B'jchanan Field

Concord.

California, as re-

arded by the Contra Costa Times

112 -

Stockton
Vol
79

zcotb
\ >|H-iilil

Nfta.paprr
28 Pagejj

No

308

XX

STOCKTON. CALIF.. TUESDAY FEBRUARY

12.

1974

<Sc Od.ly

lorce by more and a better conibinaiion o^ rotors.

"I

have definitely proven

is

the principle
all

the tests that

I

Nnw

have

to

sound by doing ut required determine (he

efficienc)." he explained.

Some of the tests included movement oo an air cushion

suspended from ropes and
raft floating
in

swuinunming

pnol.

"People say it cant work Kxausc defies the law of nature." Mid itw soft-spoken and
It

rather .>hy inventor who admitted he has no formal education

He was
in

a primer for about

years

in the

Cast Bay area

aixi

M)i

he stumbled on the

idea for the contraption

when

he was experimenting wiih new energy source

<

OOKS INTKHNAL

I'ROIU LSIO.N* UI^VirK

Invention Displayed

Newton Challenged
"I
fl%
l^ajv.'

Hon (OOK
made
a

mistake and
"

Jitii^
s

Lmnil
ihird law tH

"Newton made a mistake,

that'x all." .taid lh inventor.

(he Coriolis acceleration of a

came up

with this

body equal

(o (he product

of

Newion

Bob Cook.

]4. of

moiMM
dicied

itMv have bern contra-

ihn maintains the device

Pittsburg. wiU

mass by the Coriolis' accelera tion and responding as a re

suult of the

Monday afternoon

tn

rcvoluiioaiie transportation.
is made of counrotating cams and i;oars resting on thin blades (hat arc

earths rotation
of the

Cook has been working on the le'^t model for aboui six years and has invested some
iso.otX).

for

Siockinn

The device

the deflection of proJectlle^

According to an assist-

A
c^ild

coflirjpiion resembling a
t

:i-r

and the mution

the right in

large ^caJe erector set

its

winds to (he northern hem

left

ant. Joel Dickenson. 24. of

Pitt.sburg

model described by
tor

inven-

povkered by an elecirtc motor,

isphere and to the

in the
he-

Cnnk clainu the device can

u.H*d in pripel

as an internal propulsion
Its

device, t^jsvtd

final

test tl

moved

lorvkard on almost fric-

but battery or even solar l>owcr could be used, savs Cuok

eipliiined (he cnnii ap lion Ik propelled by the socalled "phantom Conolis
'

southern hemisphere
Skeptics claimed (he dcvtcr
"jujit sit there and mck back and forth" il all fricimn were eliminated, said Conk

automobiles

and
pace
u.'cd

'could even
if

move

in

wtMild

<oljr

power were
device
in

iwnless ice
Nevirto* s law \.ivs that for ever) action there has to be an equal and opposite reac
iM/n
lor a
iir

He

It

moved forward

in short

He
19*2

paicnti-.J the
ite.xt

10 put

It

another
ii

wav

force trapped inside the rotors which results in the motion de

Spite the absence of friction

spurts .Monday a(iernon at

C>4k

and the

step

is lo ei-

Park Ice Rink. hiwever.

NOv

to ntiivc

mu%i he

.K'led 'Ml h> .in

ouividi' source

Webster idem dies the Cor (till lorco as corresponding to

Cook maintains the expen mental model can he im

prove J
Hi
;"

thei raise capital to wmkiitg modl or o sell

produce a
the

Nka

to a

manufacturer, said

a v

\>

r>ickenMn

Ex 6-14

NASA

suggested

ice

experiment successfully conducted

Stockton. Caiifotnia as

documented

ma

story captioned

"Newton

Challenged

113

esk that
ut

it

will

never prove useful

in

transportation.

~ 1

'

even limited success would be very valuable to :ience. The value would not be in practical application ut in pointing out to scientists that in sonne snnall way 16 principles on which they base their work is Wrong. ne discovery of just such an 'error' years ago led to ^e development of the hydrogen bomb. The scientific Dmmunity is not always right. There's no fundamenreason why someone in their backyard in Pittsburg an come up with something really significant." That week Cook and paid what was to be our vsit to Dr Olsen and "friends." The results of the experiments had so far been inconclusive. f 3use the positive force was intermittent, the 5 cound machine did not hang on one side; rather, it :ed to impulse slightly more in the positive direcil

Record (February 12, 1974) has a large picture of this experiment on its front page (Exhibit 6-14). The ex periment was conducted at the Oak Park Ice Rink ir Stockton, California, and it was extremely successful The machine had seldom worked better. It spurtec across the ice rink. We turned it around, and baci' it came. We compared this expenment to the last pace
of Dr. Olsen's latest report. (See Exhibit 6-15.) There, to depress the front
that
it

Olsen had suggested that the forward impulse tended and lift the rear of the machine sc

moved forward with

the aid of

friction.
it

We

took

a close look at our working

stable. Olsen's

model

was

perfectly

:han the negative.

35 that Du'd increase the arc

What was when we made swing

it

convincing, though,
like a

pendulum

we

argument couldn't possibly be right. him to remind him of his promise. Surprised at our results, he nonetheless remained skeptical. "You sure you had enough weight on the machine?" he joked with Cook. He never did keep his

We

called

by timing the positive impulse ^e forward swing, and decrease the arc by timing "ositive impulse on the rearward swing. One of the purposes of our return trip to Ames esearch Center that spring was to gain access to the icffett Field blimp hangars. These had extremely high siii'^gs that would allow us to present a demonstraor
to the scientists on much longer ropes. With nger ropes we were sure. we could give a more "cressive demonstration because gravity would take nger to produce its negative effects on the machine,
lis

promise.

So far, the various front page stories on Cook's invention had gotten no reaction, but they did interest
(Channel 4 in San Francisco) enough to do a segment on their nightly news program. Here's how that TV interview of April 5, 1974 went;
brief

KRON-TV

ANNOUNCER:
of a strange

Jeff

Simon

is in

Concord

visiting the inventor

new machine.

would allow the machine to swing further off A large air hangar was one of the few places e could think of in which to do a convincing expedient. We had considered suspending the machine om a bridge, but were afraid air currents would interinter.

re )rce

with the results.

(Remember

that the positive

SIMON: Printer and part-time engineer Bob Cook has invented a machine which according to everything we learned high school physics shouldn't work. According to Newtonian law anything that moves must react against something else A car's tires react against the pavement, an airplane's propellers react against the air, but Cook's internal propulsion machine suspended here on a cushion of air moves from some internal force called the Coriolis effect. COOK: The rotors utilize a force which is similar to a force you feel while walking toward the center of a spinning
in

produced by this model was ven/ weak.) The Tialler air hangar in Concord used for our earlier exenments was inadequate; the ceiling was just
>o

merry-go-round, and you'll think your feet are coming out from under you. This is a very powerful force. SIMON:

How might
Ir)

this

machine be used

in

the future?

low.

We
plained
'here

approached

Dr.

how we needed an

Olsen with our plans and indoor environment

we

could use longer ropes for our experiments,

the future it could be used in space and in general aviation and both a major airline and NASA have studied the principle, the major airline has agreed with it in principle even though they're a little concerned with the efficiency at this time

COOK

experiments didn't appeal to the Dace scientists They vetoed use of the air hangar for
nfortunately, these
lis

SIMON Cook says he had developed faster, more efficient models of his invention but he can't show them because they're not patented yet. He figures if he puts together 18 of
these rotors set at certain angles the internal propulsion

purpose.
I

Olsen and said, "Look, we ave successfully completed all the experiments that ave been suggested and the machine has stood the ?sts. Is there any other experiment we could try that light convince you?" After a few minutes he reDonded. "Yes, there is something. Find yourself a
finally

cornered

Dr.

machine
flying

will fly

Well,
it.

who knows, maybe

Simon
in

that's

how

the

saucers do

Jeff

4 Country

The segment was scheduled

to

appear on both
later

the early evening and late evening news. For reasons

unknown
program.

it

wasn't repeated on the

news

machine n a rigid base supported by sharpened and honed out ockey blades, and if the machine is successful will ersonally come to see the demonstration." Dr. Olsen was quite confident that this experiment, if set up properly, would fail. The Stockton
erfectly

smooth

ice-skating rink, place the

In late

February and early March of 1974,

we

paid several visits to the University of the Pacific campus. Reactions of the professors were typical: Dr. Greg Howland wouldn't take time to evaluate it. "unless it was hanging four feet out on ropes";

114

....with this particular tlmlrjr. the first four Impulsas contrlbuU

to forward

otlor, and

the last two contribute to a

reanrd aotlon.

It Is ir.terestlr. to note that the greatest Impulse I^ (contributed

bv

.'?

Inpact of

t.^e

mass at which time the Impulse direction Is

Ir.

'****
ti-.e

7 "
e-.d

*"^^) occurs
or.

the rear..rd direction.

Because In practice,

sprlr^s

the d.Tior;5tralcn HMdel of the aacnlre are attacned at

o'"*

to the sliding nasEes,

irachlrje,

ore pair of which Is well above the

ar<d

center of mass of the

are atUched at the other end to

the rear of the vehicle,

fror.t

the forward Impulse I2 tends to depress the

and lift the rear of the vehicle.

At the occurrence of the

rear-<ard Impulse I^, however,

the action of the upper sliding masses

ends

to lift the front and

depress the rear of the machine.

Because

le Is rreater than I2.

the frlctlonal force of the machine In contact

with a supporting surface, or the rolling friction If supported on

wr.eals,

would tend to be fi;reater In the rearward direction.

Thus,

there could be a net forward movement of the vehicle throu^jh an ex-

cMrxe of morentun with

the

the Earth.

In space, however, as shown by

to

anal/sU, there would be only an oscillation

and fro, with

"to" equal to "fro".

Althouffn the analysis wac made on the basis of the conditions of
the sketch,
U)t,

It Is completely <^eneral and any other numerical values of

u>t,
c

,u?txiand tt>tjCould be used (subject to

f'*7i^.
(

u)ti

<

uH,

<

Hf

In

place of the values of '^4.

here, a-d the same result

^^nd^ used In
)

the example irlven

ai,0

would be obtained.

Ex 6-15
Ice

experiment disproves ihe conclusions Dr

Olsen made

in

a 1974

NASA

report.

Dr. Larry Fisher just

wanted

to look at the idea

on

Tribune

was

the

most openminded and interested

paper to satisfy himself No one got excited about our model. Dr. Fisher did have the courtesy to give us Sonne advice on promoting the idea. "Take the humble pie approach." he suggested. "Since you have no advanced education, and can't speak the professors' language, sinnply walk in and explain you have a machine that works. You can't understand how it works so you would like a professional explanation or evaluation." We had tried all approaches, including this one. and none had met with much success We contacted the science reporters of the San Francisco Examiner, the Oakland Tribune, and the San
Francisco Chronicle Greg Mahn of the Examiner was not interested Franklin Jorth of the San Francisco Chronicle agreed to see us but after a few minutes of
hearing our ideas he found them far too controversial for his interest He laughed' Peter Christensen of the

made

Concord to visit with us and vie the model. The machine did get Christensen excit but before doing a complete story he wanted a pi fessional endorsement. He called the Lawrence Liv( more Laboratory and requested assistance in findi the best individual available to evaluate Cook's idi Dr. Brian Williams was the man recommeridi Christensen was the one who first put Cook in conti with Dr. Williams. The reporter wanted the scientis endorsement of the idea before he would do a sto Williams suggested that more experiments woi have to be conducted before he could make a put statement for or against the idea. The story was n
a special trip to

published.

documented

our experiments with posit raised the question: How scientists be so positive that we are wrong?
In

light

of

all

results,

we

We

115

late

orking hardware; they have theories. Only the ultitest remains: will the nnachine work in outer

waste

my

days

in

trying to prolong

them.

shall

use

my

time."'

Dace?

The Wright brothers themselves had develThe exchanging

of

monnentum with the envi)nment through friction was one phenomenon cited aiding our system. Honest testing, however, 3 lowed that the results were the same: The less the
iction, in fact,

oped

from experiment after experiment. Wilber Wright stated our feelings perfectly: "Having set out with absolute faith in the existing scientific data, we were driven to doubt one thing after
their expertise

the better the results. Early

It

in

1974

we

/aluated our progress.

lost of

seemed we had exhausted

our possibilities with the existing model. To we had to convince the :Jentists. So far, we had failed. Our biggest problem as lack' of funds. We had to build a super convincing del that could produce a constant thrust. The disappointment was the poor overall effiency of the machine. Based on the United Airlines St we estimated approximately a 1% efficiency, ook, a perfectionist, wasn't proud of this system. He ok pride in the fact that the machine had uncovered smendous flaws in the field of physics (an extremely eat discovery in itself), but the efficiency wasn't
)nvince the businessmen,
ipressive.
I

another, until finally, after years of experiment, we cast it all aside and decided to rely entirely upon our own investigations."* Neither Wilbur nor Orville ever

got around to high school diplomas. They felt reading gave them a great degree of misinfornnation. Cook held a similar attitude: "I've gotten more clues from nature than from anything I've read in books," he
recalls.

"When
Our

I'm really stuck

just look at nature."'

models developed both positive and negative forces. The positive being slightly stronger than the negative. We were determined to find a principle that eliminated the negative forces, which had adversely affected the performance and efficiency of
early
earlier

models.

The

fact that the

model had so

far

passed

and did appear to dispute the laws of physics have been reason enough for a far greater vestigation. But this wasn't to be. Cook now became determined to find a more
tests
lould
ficient

way

to propel

inertially.

He

continually re-

inded
id

me

of his belief that

any object under the

fluence of gravity was propelling with inertial forces, was doing so superefficiently. had to find that

We

jcret.

So,

in

the early part of 1974, nearly broke,

we

)andoned our promotion of the patented idea our "ily real hope for financial support and went back to e drawing board. We began about six months of tense experiments to find a more efficient way to Opel. A basic approach soon developed in experienting with new concepts: identify road blocks; cirimvent road blocks. Before finding the right solution e were to discover many ways of "How not to propel ficiently." But we did experiments. We wanted )mething the experts could not ignore. We branched :o unexplored areas, tested new principles. Both of fighters, not quiters. Cook was no ordinary > were an; he possessed vision, foresight, and became his
I

jpil.

He was

fighting for the truth.

When

frequently

jcame deeply depressed over the discouraging rearks made by the experts. Cook continued to remind e that the experts were speaking from ignorance of
jr

principle.

We
J

He gave were on a

me

the assurance
"I

needed.
rather
"I in

wild adventure.

would

ashes than dust," Jack London said

1916.

ould rather that

spark should burn out in a brilliant aze than that it should be stifled by dry-rot. would ther be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magficant glow, thati a sleepy and permanent planet. The oper function of man is to live, not exist. shall not
I
I

my

Cook

at

West

Pittsburg. California,

where an important

series of

experiments was conducted during 1974

116

THE EXPERIMENTS
It

is

beneficial lo review our

experiments and

discuss what we learned. Past experiments had provided one solid clue to a solution: Counterrotation

-Tfxxi)

would be

required. Intuitively. Cook also felt sure that the solution would resemble a miniature solar system.

We developed a checklist of forces, evaluating each force before building any models. We felt we definitely had to consider Conolis. centrifugal, centripetal, and gyroscopic forces.

F.g 6-8
(a)

Ratchet arm

Ratchet
Here,

Arm

The ratchet arm was our first new concept. had one large arm moving clockwise. On the end of that arm were two smaller counterrotating arnrts each with a weight on the end. The counterrotation canceled the lateral forces of the small arms and

We

also had to consider the fact that the

tv

we

counterrotating weights were changing radius wi woi^ respect to the main center of the system. have Coriolis forces present here that had to be cd sidered. The weight going away from the center of tH

We

produced a two-directional
negative.

force,

first

positive then

The object of the model was to keep the main arm rigid on the positive impulse and translate
that force to the machine, thus propelling
(Fig. 6-8a).
it

forward

When
in

the force

went

negative, the main

system produced a negative Conolis force on center of rotation, while the weight going toward tf center of the system produced a positive Corio' force. The Coriolis forces canceled each other. reviewed our checklist. Everything a

We

arm

flexed

a clockwise direction canceling our negits

ative effects, thus preventing

turning the cart to

original position.

complement

of units,

we

these effects from reBy phasing in a hoped to attain a constant

positive force.

peared to check out. We were ready to build a workir model. The lack of money forced us to build the sm ratchet arm from miniature parts. We used portions several toy clock kits, a circular saw blade, and a sm electric shaver motor to construct the first expe

Miniature parts used to boild the ratchet

arm

Ratchet arm urxler construction

1974

- 117 -

Cf TFAVD-

'^'^

When the negative cenappeared, we would introduce our "outside" force provided by the rotating ring, which was also attached to the cart. The outside rotating ring hac its small metal plates positioned to align themselves adjacent to the magnet at the appropriate timing, and prevented the flexible arm from flexing negatively. Bv providing the rotating ring with a constant angular velocity, we hoped to absorb our negative force by converting it to a negative torque on the rotating ring and overcoming the torque with more energy from our power source to maintain constant angular velocity. The magnetic principle here would be similar to an automobile speedometer or tachometer. We soon learned that we had additional problems. We could not prevent the negative force from affecting our center of motion and destroying the
propel the system forward.
trifugal force

positive effects.

Pulsating Ring of Energy

g 6-8
)

ratchet

arm with magnet and

rotating ring.

lental

model and begin experimenting. What

a distried

Instead of using small counterrotating rotors to create the force why not (Cook reasoned) simply spin four weights near a magnet attached to the frame of the system?

and

magnet

)pointment! The machine wouldn't propel. jjustment after adjustment with no success.
/stem, but
).

We
in

We had hoped that when the weight passed by

magnet it would produce a positive immagnet and propel the cart in the positive direction (Fig. 6-9). We hoped the simultaneous negative impulse force registering on the weight would slow it down but not translate itself to
the powerful

There was obviously a negative force

the

pulse force on the

we

couldn't find

it.

My diary

entry of June

1974 reports: "Results very depressing had a jg^tive force in the system and we aren't sure what
all about. Efficiency and performance of 'Stem poor."

little

We
ilure

had been certain

this

new

idea

was

it,

the

had to be overoking something! A few more days of experiments id Cook recognized the problem, which was caused tangential acceleration. When the main arm moved ickwards, kinetic energy was stored in the arm. 'hen the positive force developed, all of it was used stop the negative momentum of the arm, and none as left to be translated into fon^/ard motion of the achine. We added a new ingredient to our checklist tangential acceleration. We did nonetheless learn tw an oscillating tangential force could be controlled, lis bit of information eventually proved to be a sigas a terrible blow.
ficant

came

We

If this occurred we could then accelerate the flywheel back to the proper angular velocity without negative effects. From studying our experimental results, we found that the force required to re-accelerate the weight would be drawn

the center of the system.

off of a particular portion of the

spinning

ring.

The

tangential force

needed
in

to reaccelerate the flywheel a balanced

would be translated
pulse force, resulting

to the center as a negative im-

system. This exacceleration

periment

failed.
lick this

We now thought we could

problem' by increasing the

flexibility

of the system.

ingredient
it

in

the ultimate solution, even

ough

seemed

rather unimportant at the time.

iction with the small

next considered using a magnet in conratchet arm to prevent the gative acceleration problem. added a magnet on

We

We

end of the main arm with its pair of small countertating rotors. The idea was to introduce an outside tating ring with small metal plates attached at
propriate intervals (Fig, 6-Sb).

xe

Our object was to use the positive centrifugal provided by the small counterrotating arms to

Instead of using a rigid arm, why not use a flexible arm (heavy cord) attached to four rotating weights? We had to find a way to convert the negative impulse force into a negative torque without affecting the center of the mechanism. A floating ring was placed between the center and the spinning weights to distribute the force acting on one weight to all the other weights simultaneously, thus producing a torque. The torque would cause the cords to begin wrapping around the center shaft thereby changing the diameter of the flywheel and the amount of inertial mass stored in the flywheel. Therefore, energy could be drained from the flywheel and used for propulsion. We hoped that, be-

cause the spin of the weights was from the negative-

118

to-positive anticipated direction of travel, the resulting

produced on the magnet and attached cart would then propel our machine forward (Fig.
positive force
6-10).

neously to a negative torque. To reaccelerate tl weight back into position (in relation to the oth
weights) again created a negative tangential Impull force balancing the positive one. This model failed. Even though these experiments weren't sU cessful they taught us how important flexibility was the system, which provided our second major clu|
Flexibility
tion.

came
net
it

After building the model more problems beobvious. When the weight spun near the mag-

would slow down and get out

of position in
floating ring

relation to the other

weignts before the

could convert the negative impulse force simulta-

We

were on

might have to be included m any final soli a systematic and logical path to

til

truth.

Unbalanced Rotor with

Shift
j

But why couldn't we propel by simply using unbalanced rotor? Figure 6-1 la shows a complei cycle of the rotor. With a 2 to 1 ratio, the small rotj travels 180' for every 90' the large arm travel

Remember
unwanted

that a

vertical

tion A. shift

system of four rotors will cancel c| and lateral forces. Why not, at pol our weight to the opposite end of tj
Fig. 6-116.)
|

unbalanced rotor? (See

The centripetal and impact forces

creatij

when

QRT
OKJ

weight could be canceled by a corj The Coriolis forces would be acting vtj ticaily, and would also be canceled with a full corj plement of rotors. It appeared as if we could shift t weight without producing a negative effect on tj
shifting the

plete system.

overall

system.

The resulting positive centrifugal force p duced by the small rotor would be developed at JLt
6-9

the ideal time to give the greatest force vector tribution in the fonA/ard direction. The negative
trifugal

cci eel

Fig.

force

would appear

at the

most

ineffectij
i

Putsaung ring of energy

time.

of the vector contriti the positive centrifugal force would be greaij than the negative and an overall positive force shoti
tion,

would have both negative forces but. because

We

resultant positive aJ

On paper, this idea had appeared sound. At t! time we hardly realized how close this simple idea,j product of Cook's intuition, was to achieving tj
result.

\mi%

mt

impossible.

*-M/i6f4Er

Unbalanced Rotor without Shift

ciple.

we

could generalize the piii large to small arm ra could duplicate our earlier idea without shifting ti
realized that

We

we

By adopting a

1-to-l

(Fig. 6-12). The centrifugal force affecting ti small rotors center of rotation appeared to always positive, producing a lopsided centrifugal force. Buti a result of simplifying our general principle, the pre

weight

F.g 6-10

lem soon became obvious: These ideas would; work. Our forces were in equilibrium. We were pitt
llexibthtv

Puisaimg ring of energy with

centrifugal force against

itself.

119 -

''

Tracing the path of the weight through space the horizontal plane produced an ellipse. Next, we began studying a nunnber of possible combinations using elliptical orbits. After we explored this area for
in

RRCCT04
cr tr,!lvcl

several days the forces turned into a nightnnare. Circular motion, not elliptical,

the

seemed the way to go. One other variation was to have both rotors in same plane of motion timed at a 1-1 ratio. The
positive.

on the small rotor's center of rotation The Coriolis force on the main center would also be balanced because, as one weight came toward center, its mate moved away. Would this be a positive centrifugal force? It looked good for a Ijjfew minutes Then, we again saw the difficulty. The angular velocity of the smaller weights is opposite the angular velocity of the wheel in quadrants and II,
centrifugal force

was always

reducing the positive centrifugal force affecting the main center of the system for the positive 180" of
'

P?DPD5CD

quadrants III and IV. the angular velocity of the weights adds to the wheel's angular velocity, resulting in a larger negative centrifugal force for the
rotation. In

legative 180 of rotation.

Dack.

What you

gain,

you give

right

neatly balanced force.

'

Every one of the combinations we examined came up balanced. These ideas added to our feel for inertial forces but, obviously, we were nissing key ingredients for a workable solution. We leeded to study new ideas. built no models, but evaluated the possibilty of building both external and internal mass acsventually

We

" 16'

:elerators.

Fig. 6-11
(a)

of shifting the

Force pattern of unbalanced rotor with 2-1 mass on the force pattern.

ratio; to)

the effecn

PROFCjCP
PlRCTiOM or

TRAVEL

Fig 6-12

Unbalanced

rotor with

ratio

120

External Inertial Mass Accelerators Picture two spinning rings. At 90 from the desired direction of travel attach a "foreign" mass to each ring, and release them
90*
later.

g? Ol^CTicvi

The idea

is

to introduce a

dead mass (energy

of energy, thereby

Ck4

coinsLCN tkx.

wise)* to each

ring,

pump

it

full

almost instantly creating a powerful positive impulse force) then 90 later release it. The kinetic energy of the masses was to be destroyed by collision with each other. We could then recycle the dead masses back to their starting positions, re-energize, and repeat. Remember that by releasing the masses at pomt A, they will leave the ring in a tangent, and by synchronizing
the units, the

and destroy

considered the possibility of using a strong magnetic field to introduce, guide, and possibly recycle the masses. But to build this machine would be quite a feat!
The mass

their inertial

two masses could be -made mass (Fig. 6-13).

to collide

We

Fig 6-13

External inertial

mass

accelerator.

a static siate

Internal Inertial Mass Accelerators Instead of introducing the "foreign" masses externally, introduce our
propellant
erating the

masses from the center. By radially accelmass through a tube we hoped to take

Cr TRAMCL

advantage of a resulting Conolis force and the positive impulse created by initiating the radial acceleration.
Here,

we

again

make

the dead

masses more

effective

by energizing them

inertially.

We

could then expel the

energized masses in a tangent after 90', drain their kinetic energy by collision with each other, and recycle them back to the center and repeat the cycle. Our object was to have the radially moving masses leave the tube in a tangent (Fig. 6-14).

The greater inertial mass providing the forward propulsion would produce a tremendous positive force

compared

to the small negative force

produced by

re-

Fig 6-14
Internal inertiai

cycling the de-energized

masses back

to their centers.

The principle looked sound, but to construct a model would be nightmarish. To Cook, destroying all
this

mass

accelerator.

energy by

collision

seemed

a crime, so

we

aban-

doned these ideas

The
way

Spiral

was one tremendous inertia into positive acceleration which otherwise would have been destroyed by the collision of the masses. (Strangely. Cook had always had the feeling that the workable solution would involvv> a spiraling propellant mass). A coiled telephone cord provides a good example of this setup By forcing a linearly accelerated mass to enter a
realized that a coiled tube
to convert the

Cook soon

pr inertial mass. The draining of this energy would duce the desired positive force. When recycled, de-energized mass would produce a small negatis pr force in comparison to the large positive force duced by the much greater inertial mass. The positix
ti-

force
of the
failed

would be determined by the

initial

linear veloci

coiled tube perpendicularly, a positive propulsive thrust could be created This thrust would be produced by the resistance of the mass to change its linear
direction as the tube forced
it

wi tubes we first experimented metal pipe coiled for $168 arf so we had a began again. The coiled pipe was attached to tr wheeled cart. An exploding firecracker provided

mass
The

(Fig.

6-15)

plastic

to spiral

and lose

its

initial

linear thrust.

121

These experiments sent our neighbors

(and,
BAliSDur

)ccasionally ourselves) running for cover. Everything

go wrong. We had too short a tube; we :ouldn't slow the radial velocity appreciably; we had 00 nnany diffe'-ent force vectors; we had too few irecrackers; and we had too many complaints from

eemed

to

leighbors.

najor clue to the final solution:

however, give us our third We would have to find way to take advantage of the various inertial energy tates of the propellant mass. Somehow we needed
trials

These

did,

find a

way
to

to shift the propellant

mass

efficiently

rem high

We
flexibility

low energy states. But how? now had three major clues to the solution:
Fig.

6-15
spiral

counterrotation
ia)

Double

on

cart

positive inertial control of

mass

As
fiore clue.

it

turned out,
in

we

would need

just

one

Early
f

October of 1974

we

ran completely out

money and had

solution
in sight.

to terminate our

experiments with

Cook's father, in failing health, returned to the Area from Arizona. We had been conducting our xperiments in West Pittsburg, California, an area not nown for the pure quality of its air. Because of his wn allergies and his father's health. Cook moved to small country home at Fallon in northern Marin :ounty, California, approximately 30 miles north of an Francisco. Here, in the fall of 1974, the final soluon that we sought synthesized. In Fallon, with good fresh air and a quiet atmolay
ill

Cook, after all these years, brought off the impossible had he found a way to propel
finally

Had

internally

and super

efficiently?

phere.

Cook was able

to put in the concentration

eeded
/ith

to solve this mystery.

Cook kept a notebook. Resting on his back window opened just right to provide loads of esh air, he begari reviewing the experiments. Day in
the

nd day out he studied combination after combination fter combinatior After about a month (from mid)ctober to mid- November), and after studying and ejecting over 100 possible combinations. Cook went ack to an old experiment with small counterrotating 3tors On November 18th, a glimpse to a possible olution appeared The light at the end of that tunnel /as very faint at first but it wouldn't go out. It just got rigfiter. Had Cook, after all these years, finally brought ff the impossible had he found a way to propel
iternally

imx-^

/~\

ue.

and superefficiently? It looked too good to be You would expect the excitement to be intense
not.

was
e

The month before, Cook had

lost a close friend;

still extremely sad and. in addition, not nearly confident after so many disappointments. It eemed that every time he got close, he was someow pushed away All these feislings prevented Cook

was

\?D?uSCb

wzu\cM

Of

mm.

MM
(C^

Fig 6-15
(6)

defecting force vectors

122 -

Farm house in Fallon. California, where the elusive solution was first conceived after Cook studied and rejected over 100 possible combinations.

from

initially

being
if

fully

aware

of just

what he had

discovered.
solution,

And

this

new

principle

could It be translated into wasn't sure. It was mainly a question of gearing. Could a machine be built with the gear-train necessary to provide the required rotations?

was indeed the a mechanism?

20 years younger

Cook

still

the middle of quantum mechanics. wish wa to help you unlock more of thes mysteries with the mathematical know-how use to have." To unlock nature's secret Cook had needed fourth ingredient the splitability of mass. The ult
right in
I
I
I

The more Cook studied the idea, the more convinced he became that a machine based on it could be built. He was. gradually, becoming excited as the thrill of finding this almost impossible solution began
to take hold

mate
1

solution

encompassed

the following factors:

| |

counterrotatwn
flexibility

positive inertial control of

splitability of

mass

*
!i

mass

about it. At 89 and in ailmg health, his father still grasped the Significance of the principle. "Bob," he said, "You're
Enthusiastic,
told his father

Cook

One

of the greatest ideas in history

had teei
'i

created. Let us

examine the

facts.

Citations.
1

Chspttr 6
n|

Dynamtc Analysis Number 0-7 1-77. "Urvtad Af Lint Ttl Center Process Engineering Report," (September 197 p. 2.
1 1.

2
3.

Arthur
1973).

CIdrke. Prolils of the Future

(New

fork

Harper and

Rov<||

pp 49-50
tj

Jack London State Historic Park Brochure, p id National Geographic. Special Publications Divsion. Those inventivi 197M Naiiortai Gecgijphic Society Americans (Washington.

DC

P 171

123

The Principle

II, U

niil

angular

now the principle of the momentum has stood

conservation of
the lest of time.

How It Works
Each unit has two counterrotating upper and lower arms maintaining a constant angular velocity (Fig. 7-1). Attached to the end of the upper arm A is a small rotor C, which is geared to spin at a constant velocity. It spins in a plane perpendicular to both arm A and arm B. The small rotor C has a permanently fixed mass (FM) attached to one end. an identical exchangeable mass (EM) attached to the opposite end, and a nucleus mass (N) attached to the center of the rotor. (See Fig. 7-2.) (We will discuss the nucleus mass later.)
At one end of arm A (opposite to rotor C). a counterweight (CW) balances the nucleus mass exactly. (This counterweight, shown here for simplicity, would be replaced by a rotor identical to rotor C in a complete system.) The exchangeable mass transfers from rotor C to lower arm B. splitting the propellant mass. And.

udging by the great number of failures experienced by nventors attempting to create reactionless drives. In nost cases, in trying to destroy angular momentum in rder to propel, these inventors have succeeded in reating a negative linear thrust that destroyed any ositive motion imparted by the angular momentum. ere is the secret of how we circumvented this roblem. The principle is so beautiful, and the mechanics

so simple, but the implications are phenomenal! system part by part. The propulsion unit itself must be considered a ;losed system. The motor, being a separate part of he system, can be considered an open system. We >hould bear in mind that the propulsion system requires a prime mover, such as electric motors, gas)line or steam engines, and so forth.
re

et's analyze the total

F,cj

7-1

Fig 7-2

Counterrotating

arms

Counterrotating arms with rotor and counter/vetght.

124 r

it ts transferred back to rotor C. This cycle 7-3a throjgh 7-2d) is continuously repeated to create an imbalance m the system. The object of this

180'

later,

mam
force,

(Figs

forces are products of centrifugal force. Corn and gyroscopic precession. know from e;

We

penence

that

when

there

is

a multiple spin (such as

is

is to synchronize rotor C and arm B so exchangeable propellant mass can be transferred without creating an impact. Keep in mind that to cancel all unwd-nted vertical forces, horizontal forces and their vibra: ons will require a set of at least four

configuration
that the

the CIP). gyroscopic precession

going to develoi

rotors.

(See Fig 7-4 There are only so

)

The gyroscopic forces in this case are vertical, and c be canceled with a complete system All Conol forces (which are horizontal) can also be canceled wi a complete system. The only force to consider, then (since
others are canceled), is centrifugal force. Let's stud the centrifugal force picture

can be produced

many forces in nature that when something spins The three

(^

4rKa[CKC

(a)

(b)

y^

/
\

4fe>roRC
ic)

(d)

F.g 7-3

U) Posiiiv

lorr.e

cv

'b\

m,iss

piiis. 'cl ri?ul'jl

cv<:'.'

(d)

nus'i ff'oomtmos

125 -

(a)

MAXc:)

UCLCU5

CV/)( cw

Kl\jaci6

0PWA,RJO -mRUST

7-4

Unwanted
tical

vertical
(6)

and

lateral forces

ling rotors;

two counterroiating

canceled by four counterrotors cancel unwanted

forces.

./

POWKlW^RP flJRJJST"

126 -

"^t5

mc

COM&i^il

^K^^<
F.g 7-5
Fig.

7-6
split for

Masses combine

'or

180' to produce positive

cyde

Masses

180* to produce neutral cyde.

For 180 between A and B we have a complete combined prooellani mass producing positive centrifugal force (Fig
7-5).

grow to thousands of pounds inertially. By phasin three pairs of units as a three-phase alternating cun
system, we can produce a constant force ness six pairs of units are required).
Let's
(for

For 180" between B and

propellant

A we have

smoct

split

the

centrifugal force generated mass C equals the centrifugal force of mass D. have 180* of forces in equilibrium (Fig. 7-6).

mass The

by

We

points

What we have now is a mass multiplier. We have a greater mass for 180" and. with a greater mass, we can accumulate more kinetic energy and produce more force. The mass itself is just like a sponge. As
the angular velocity of the

We

now look closely at what happensf A and B where the exchange is made (Fig. 7

can best illustrate this action by considenn helicopter passing alongside an airplane. Picture a tionary helicopter with its blade tips moving
at

mass

is

mass- acts
grows

increased, it- the

like a
It

inertially

sponge soaking up water. The mass may start out at one pound but it can

around its center (Fig. 7-8). When the helicop is sitting on the ground and the rotor is spinning clci wise in still air. the velocity of the rotor tips through air remains constant. If the rotor tip speed is 200 m
all

mph

tips are

moving through the

air at

the

same

angi

BLADE Tip

ZOO MPW

e>LADCTirA

200 MPH

UCWmCZ
F.g 7-7

FOIHTS
F<g

-Y
78
A
arxj

Exchartge

made

at

pomts A

aryj

Equal veKKitv o> 'otor tips

B w.th

craft

on the ground

127

you released one rotor tip at the 3 o'clock and another at the 9 o'clock position, one would leave in a tangent at 200 mph in the + Y direction, and the opposite rotor tip would leave in a tangent at 200 mph m the - Y direction. The energy states of these tips are identical though their direction is opposite. Watch what happens, however, when the helicopter begins to move forward, and how this movement affects the energy states of these rotor
velocity
If

position

5L^DT^P

E>

3COM?w

fips.
(or

As the helicopter moves at 100 mph in the Y forward direction), an observer positioned on the ground would see rotor tip B (if released in the 9 o'clock position) leaving in a tangent at 300 mph in the + Y direction, and rotor tip A (if released in the 3 o'clock position) leaving in a tangent at 100 mph in the - Y direction (Fig 7-9). The energy states of these tips have now changed, and to stop the tip that is
--

lOOMPH

would require more energy than to stop tip. There is a greater momentum in tip B because momentum is simply mass times velocity. The greater inertial mass would now have more work potential because of the greater kinetic energy imparted by the velocity.
moving
faster

the slower moving

Fig.

7-9
relative velocity of rotor tips
craft.

The

and B

is

affected by forward

motion of the

In

forward

flight,

the helicopter has a

maximum
If

speed

limit

due

to an effect called blade

stall.

the

200 mph, and the forward velocity of the helicopter matches this speed, the tip moving in the opposite direction of the system would
rotor tips are spinning at

be momentarily stationary
spin. This

in

space during part of the

stationary in space

speed and not producing lift, the helicopter would flip over. The advance ratio is the ratio of forward speed of the helicopter to rotor tip speed. Modern helicopters are commonly operated at a 50-60% advance ratio. A reactionless system would have no critical rotor speed
is

phenomenon
one
rotor

called the critical rotor

and, since

would be

imagine the helicopter approaching an from the opposite direction. Both are moving at 100 mph relative to the ground (Fig. 7-10). At the very instant the plane and helicopter are alongside each other, a person positioned on the tip of the plane wing hands a weight to a person located on the tip of the helicopter blade (Fig. 7-1 1). For an instant the two people are stationary in space relative to one another. Although this weight and our daring volunteers are in a high inertial energy state relative to the outside environment, they are in a zero inertial energy
airplane

Now

it doesn't have to react with the air. It can hover like a helicopter. Relative velocities (outside the system) would have no effect on the system. Also, if you give two masses a double spin (for example, give them both a horizontal and vertical spin simultaneously), then you are going to affect the energy states of the masses that spin in those circles. In Cook's view, the following is a fundamental of nature: as the angular velocity of the mass moving with

because

system is increased, this moving mass will have a greater energy state than the mass moving in the
the

opposite direction of the system. That principle is incorporated into Cook's mechanism to produce desired propulsive effects.

We take advantage of the effects that come from varying these energy states. Whenever the propeilant mass reaches its low-energy state (at point A or B), we transfer it When the matching unit realigns Itself with the exchangeable mass, it's recycled. We exchange mass and energy back and forth.

F.g.

7-10
helicopter pass while flymg

The plane and the

rections

opposite

di-

128 -

weight
at

state relat ve to each other. Here the exchangeable IS transferred (Fig 7-12). It is irr^portani to

that the plane

note and helicopter can approach each other any reasonable speed and still make the exchange

matches
IS

as long as the velocity of that one helicopter rotor tip ihJt of the plane for an instant. The situation
similar to a baton

exchange between two

picture of

relay

runners.
This gives a

good

how

mass

the propellant

IS

split

energy

state.

A and

the plane of rotation of the small rotor is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the mam arms
B.

mechanism

and exchanged while m a low kinetic Remember, however, that in the actual

two points, where its shows a path of the

one
able

let's consider the independent path of each mass during a complete revolution of the mam arms. The centrifugal force generated by the permanently fixed mass on the rotor balances (cancels) over 360'. The exchangeable mass, however is forced to remain on the positive 180 of arm movement producing positive centnfugal force except

Now

travel for

nm%t POIND
F^g
7. 12

at

reversed. Figure 7-13 fixed mass; Figure 7-14 shows possible path of the exchangeable mass.
is

direction

Transfer points of exchangeable weight

vector analysis of the exchangenegative impulse force proof the mass is reversed The negative force or impulse has a much shorter time to effect negative motion than the positive force pro-

A complete

mass does show a duced when the direction

\vt^
Fig 7-11

Sati.

vitoSit

'"*'^ '""*

' volunteers

.s

a result of the.r ,ero

129

duced by the combined propellant mass. Nonetheless

an analysis shows
this

negative impulse could

com

pletely cancel the longer lasting positive force unless rectified in some way (Fig. 7-15).

Then where
patience,

is

this

fantastic solution? (Have

to rectify

won't disappoint you.) What we have done is to find a way

large negative impulses. V\'QtQ

we

the
1.7-13
ssible oaih of fixea

two

we

introduce

mass

C@|
..u,-^^
|.

of our most important actions flexibility of the system, which allows negative force and energy to be controlled by transferring it to a nucleus mass located in the center of the rotor. Flexibility in this system must be complemented by a nucleus mass that absorbs the negative force and energy instead of allowing these factors to produce a negative effect on the overall system. When the small rotor is out of balance we have to compensate for the undesirable effects produced by the unbalanced centrifugal force on the rotor. That is the purpose of the oscillator and

one

the nucleus.
7-14
ssible path of

exchangeable mass.

The oscillator feature of the system allows the necessary flexibility needed to complement the action of the nucleus mass, which is to temporarily absorb and store this energy. The oscillator l.^ature allows the unbalanced centrifugal force to advance and retard the rotor (along with its nucleus mass) up to several inches by trapping the rotor's driveshaft in a motion iimitin" slot (Fig. 7-16). If we didn't have the nucleus mass v would have no anchor to produce the centripetal force
required to vertically curve the direction of the fixed

|.

7-15

e two intense impulse forces produced by reversal of the mass

icel the longer lasting, less intense positive centrifugal force.

TR^vtia
V/A

0/

mmi
Rp3ULUWr

RET^RD

fOR(,E

^D^/^y4C^:fcTReT^RP

|.

7-16

MOTiOM UMiriMC*
motion
limiting slot

rotor oscillating, (to) the nctl.ng the eflects of resultant force

The unbalanced

130

mass attached "o the rotor. Without the nucleus mass, the centripetal force required would have to be provided by the mam arm, and this would translate to the center of the system as a negative force Our experiments have positively confirmed that a heavy nucleus mass in the ce'ter of the rotor will control the oscillahave found an 18-lb nucleus tions complete V mass will move less than 2 inches when a 45-lb force is applied for l/:6 of a second. Our experiments have also shown that the higher the angular velocity of the unbalanced ma s, the less the time duration and the shorter the osc'iations. At several thousand rpms, the

We

lAca4

jmount to a fraction of an inch. The nuc ous mass acts as a storage batten/ for kinetic energy. As the nucleus mass causes the fixed propellant mass to slow down (relatively speaking), energy is absorbed into the nucleus. The low-energy state of the fixed propellant mass is the low angular
oscillations will

F.g 7-17

velocity state of this mass.

If

released

in this

state the

The moon

affects the position of earth

space.

fixed

mass would have

to

a low value

of kinetic energy.

This energy given up by the fixed propellant

to

mass has

be transferred

some

other part of the system

without producing negative effects.

main arm. while the second does just the opposi These forces cause the rotor and nucleus to oscilla We are not dealing with one single mass, but actui
with a rotor
If

mass continues to spin has to return from a low to high inertial energy state. It receives the energy back from the nucleus mass it transferred earlier in the cycle. The nucleus mass does not provide any propulsive effect. The nucleus mass is a control for the oscillations as well as a storage cell for the kinetic energy that drams off the fixed propellant mass at various positions when the rotor is in an unbalanced
As the
fixed.propellant
it

composed

of three spinning

about the nucleus mass

spin and

we had we were

a single

masses mass without this sped

it

tr/ing to oscillate

on the

mam

state

back and forth for 180, we could not go anywhel because in stopping the mass the resulting negatj tangential force (which can be considered a negate linear impulse) would destroy any positive momenti) created by the positive centrifugal force. To produce the desired force mechanically double spin is absolutely necessan/. This type of S"
tern

Without the nucleus mass, the energy in the mass would produce a negative force that would have a negative effect on the center of the system. If we couldn't drain the energy from the fixed propellant mass m this way, we couldn't create an unbalanced centrifugal force. The energy drained from the fixed propellant mass increases 'he angular velocity of the rotor and nucleus mass m relation to the mam arm, and when the energy is ret jrned to the fixed propellant mass, it recuces this annular velocity. In a sense all we're doing IS juggling energy back and forth. We can vow this process in the same way we look at certain b<^dies in our solar system The earth (which IS similar to our nucleus mass) forces the moon (similar to our fixed mass) to circle around it because it (the earth) has a greater mass. (Fig. 7-17.) In our propulsion system the center of the rotor can move a bit to one side in our oscillator, but it will never reach the end of the motion limiting slot and impart a negative force to the center of the system In our system, this negative force produces
fixed propellant

demands

flexibility

and

splitability.

We
if

know

from experimentation.

Where are the negative effects, come from? The only negative force that
lant

any, going

could destr

the positive motion imparted by the combined propi mass would have to appear at either point A or!
Fig. 7-7.)
in

(See

flexibility

register
will

its

We
ciently that

Due to the motion limiting slot and t' the system this negative force does effects on the whole system. predict this system when fully develop'

convert energy into a force so directly and e' we expect an 80 to 90% efficiency pote'j tial. There is no propulsion system in the world t^i can compete against this. (For example, many expe consider the advanced rocket systems of today lei than 2% efficient Remember that one unique featLij of our system is that any type of energy source can
ij

utilized

It

has the potential to be almost as

efficieij

two
ity

different effects

One

of the nucleus

mass

increases the angular velocrelation to the center of the

as the electric motor One way to increase the eij ciency of the system would be to hermetically seal til unit so air wouldn't interfere with the spin of lH rotors. Air does not help propel it. and is justii are talking about a systel nuisance m this case that almost defies imagination When properly bu'l

We

131 -

Dpellant
}

mass exchanges
in

of over 4,000 per

minute

possible

each

unit.

series of microswitches could time the excould actually adjust this timing as the eed of the rotors increase. With electrical timing ntrols, we could make the timing adjustments sim-

anges.

We

to a car's electrical distributor with a centrifugal ce advance. As the rotorv in a car's distributor picks speed, the centrifugal force advance mechanism advance the timing so the spark gets to the spark ig in time to compensate for the higher speed. ed a- centrifugal force timing advance system such this to be adapted to the Cook engine.
II

We

The

principle

employed

in

the system

is

so

rfectly natural.

We have proved the principle beyond

y doubt. It is interesting to compare Cook's principle a prediction by G. Harry Stine in an article entitled etesters, Phasers and Dean Drives."

machine capable of producing a unidirectional force *uld have to consist of a device that was one system ing part of a cycle and another during the rest of the :le. Or a device in which the initial system was delibtely destroyed during one part of the cycle and reiembled during the rest of the cycle.
f
'

further

come

to the conclusion that the

Dean Drive or

was exactly right! We accomplished that purpose not by destroying the system, but by staching and recycling a part of the system. The changeable part of the propellant mass is what complishes this amazing result. Another prediction by Russell E. Adams, Jr. (in article called "In Search of the Bootstrap Effect") 3S not quite so accurate:
Stine

me

Fig.

7-18
thrust

conclusion, it is not my intent to debunk the concept of a ichanical space drive. However, centrifugal drives have chance of success in my opinion. Impulse and gyrojpic drives might work. The idea that such a gross denure would not have been noticed in the three hundred 3r history of mechanics seems inconceivable.'

The CIP can produce forward and reverse

In

an automobile or locomotive, for example,

Let's examine how a system of this type could designed. The most ideal combination of ratios and oportions for a complete system has yet to be estabhed. There are so many variables it would take hun(

only one 12-rotor unit would be needed. The positive force would be directed to the front of the vehicle, and the steering mechanism would do the guiding (Fig. 7-18). To slow down, you would change the timing of

the exchangeable

site side of the spin.

eds of experiments to best determine the most ideal rangement. In addition, the best method of locking id unlocking the exchangeable propellant mass has t to be established. Combining four rotors in proper sequence, we mcel all unwanted vertical forces, lateral forces, and eir vibrations. By adding additional units and properly ning them we can produce a smooth constant unirectional force

the rotors, versed, slowing or slopping your vehicle.

180', trapping it on the oppoWithout changing the direction of the force would instantaneously be re-

mass

You could

stop on the slickest

field of ice instantly

The system is simple compared to a car's automatic transmission. This simplicity will reduce initial cost and maintenance and produce greater efficiency. For marine use a ship or submarine equipped with this system would have amazing maneuverability.
For space travel the most ideal craft seems to be some kind of saucer shaped craft while, for atmosphenc use, the system tends to favor a cigar shaped craft. These flying vehicles would have unlimited
maneuverability.

This preferred 12-rotor configuration )uld eventually be built quite compactly It could be
stalled to propel

any type of

car,

airplane,

ship,

jbmarine, spacecraft, and so on

132

of three 12-rotor units posia circle at 120' intervals (Fig. 7-19) could produce instant horizontal propulsion in any direction. To go forward, flip on unit A; to reverse, flip a micro-

The combination
in

tioned

switch, which changes the tinning of the electronnagnetic latching n echanism 180*. This action will reverse

the force, eliminating forward momentum and thus reverse your direction (Fig 7-20). If you 5'e traveling forward and you want to turn right, simul'^neously reverse the force of unit A to eliminate forward momentum and flip on unit C. (Unit A would be activated in the reverse mode just long

enough

to

neutralized (Fig

destroy the forward 7-21))

momentum

and then

To

travel northeast,

use a combination of units

A and C
tal

(Fig. 7-22).

Or, to travel southwest, reverse

F,g.

both units
plane

A and

is

possible.

zontal units,

Any direction of travel in a horizonBy combining vertical and horiany type of maneuver is possible.
C.
in

7-19

Units A, B. and

C spaced

at 120' intervals

a circle

For the titimate

safety, three units could

be

The purpose of having three vertical arrangement would be to provide two extra emergency back-up units. Both backup units
stacked
units
verticallv
in

this

UcviUiriiyLy
ikai\.'iriD

Fig. 7-21

fast fight turn

Fig 7-20
(.1)

Fig

7-22
1

Unit

A
IM

aciivnicn
unit

neutral.

3i

<

the forwnfd nxyJo while ilcd in the fCv^rsi' molo

anil

(.

hhm>

ccnibin.ition o' units A .vv. C co'**C"^? !o fKcxSuc*} lO'CC lA i;; cotfitifHj nonh jnQ C 'S poftifq ^.>^t

noftheis

133

ould be fully energized in the neutral mode, so if the lam vertical unit in use failed in a gravitational field. ^6 the craft began to lose altitude, a sensing device
:uld automatically activate
hile

be positioned
7-23).

in their

own

spheres under the

craft (Fig.

one

of the back-up units

The larger floor area provided by the saucer shape would yield more space than a cylindrical shape for passenger movement on long-range trips. After
leaving our planet's gravitational field for a long space voyage, the craft's main sustainer unu accelerates it. preferably at 1 g. By maintaining this rate of acceleration the
artificial gravity,

the defective unit

was

repaired.

The

third unit

now become Jvantage gamed by

ould
2

the back-up unit. Another safely energizing the extra units would

jse their
)tors

the potential to dram kinetic energy from them in prime m.over failed. When energized, the
of the

space ship would automatically produce an and as long as the floor pointed away
this artificial gravity

system

will

act as energy storing

from the direction of acceleration,

wheels
To
3.

lift

straight up, neutralize the horizontal units of the

would hold the occupant to the floor. The space traveler couldn't distinguish between being on the earth in
our gravitational field or in an accelerating spaceship. By flipping the craft over, halfway to their destination, so the floor area now faces the direction of travel (and decelerating at 1 g). the space traveler now wouldn't be able to distinguish between deceleration and grav7-24). Let's consider acceleration potential. A series of these rotors spinning at high speed store tremenity (Fig.

d activate

one
in

main

vertical units,

and up you

To hover

a gravitational field, simply balance the

>rtical

force with the gravitational force and you hover

Space.
)uld

The type of craft we envision for space travel be built like a dome-shaped saucer. The dome ould house the main propulsion or sustainer units
hereas the smaller horizontal propelling units could

Kcnt^r\oH

\XLCXmcH

g 7-24
final gravity

oroduced bv acceleratton and deceleration

at

134 -

P-g

723
the CIP

"' 'D'^^cfah pow9fed TrXm C^kTrnn' Dtion o DfODulston unil nl.irmnfbv IMOoert cook s cone. V'^'^T
i

135

EW6lMEERJM^ UfT

gADlO

l^miUK V\^

IOMETER

136

dous kinetic energy similar to a segmented flywheel. With proper bearings and lubrication almost all friction would be eliminated. If we .vish to keep a unit energized without producing a force, we can do so by preventing the propellant masses from e.xchangmg and thereby preserving our kiretic energy for instant emergency use. With a flip of a switch we can instantly activate force in the rotors by rrggenng an exchange of the mass.
force could be developed instantait will be possible to make exchanges at over 4,000 per minute per unit. Whatever the rotor speed, recall that the exchange is made

hug-3

neously.

Remember

while

mass and lower arm are in a zero energy stjte to each other. Force could be developed instantly, end the craft could accelerate at speeds no human could tolerate. You could also stop instantly by activating an energized unit at the
relative inertial

the exchangeable

appropriate
possible.

for.:e setting.

This

makes

a right angle turn

F'g

can knock out the positive momentum while another unit can accelerate it instantly to the
unit
right or left.

One

7-25
of

'

Normal configuranon

For a safety feature a clutch could engage or disengage the unit from the mam drive, permitting
a series of rotors to be de-energized and stopped for any

Direction of force for each un.t A. 8. and

honzomal proDulsion units wuh qimWd C can be vaned 360-

needed purpose, including repairs. Because of their light weight and compactness any number of back-up units could be carried. With
and total system failures would be almost unheard of. When this system is fully developed units weighing as little as 2,000 to 3,000 pounds could have a force potential
of

rocket). Cook can accept the speed of light as a barri^ because to accelerate the craft by external means the speed of light would require infinite energy Bu
t^

these extra standby rotors stonng kinetic energy and ready for instant use, emergency landings

internally.

the force propelling a reactionless system is produce Why should there be a speed limit when wi

250,000 pounds. Gigantic forces such as these

may

be needed to overcome the large gravitational fields of certain massive bodies in space. Three 12 rotor units could also be mounted on a gimble (Fig. 7-2^)) A needed unit could simply be rotated into place Here unit B replaces unit A while A is
repaired, serviced, or periodically rested. Vertical units could also be rr.ade to function in a similar fashion. Even with sevenl units malfunctioning you could still

Einstein's theory of relativity established the speed of light as the ultimate speed limit. However, the foundation of his theory was
. .
.

based on the erroneous assumption that all force capable of accelerating objects had to be

external.

get out of town

It's easv to see that a craft employing this system could be designed and built to produce almost unlimited acceleration and unlimited maneuverability.

Cooks
in

invention

now makes

this application a renluy

What would be the speed limit of this system deep space' Emstem predicted that nothing could travel faster than the speed of light. He set an ultimate speed limit of 186.000 miles per second. But why would there be a speed limit on an internal propulsion system? What would restrict it's
acceleration? Emstein's theory predicts {hat mass becomes infinite as it reaches the speed of light For a propulsion sy.tem where energy is fed
lor

do not have to exchange momentum with the environment? The potential here appears to be mindstaggonng We have to readjust our thinking We should view the acceleration of objects in space with this new law of motion m mind: P ma Perhaps the connotation of this simple equa,

mass

externally

is

exchanged with the environment as

could mean finally achieving or exceeding the "impossible" speed of light The reader should remember that Einstein's theory of relativity established the speed of light as the ultimate speed limn However, the foundation of his theory was based on the erroneous assumption that all force capable of acceltion

'

137

HOI^C6O(\CH(1800)

5 WW
SO MPH
150 MPH

TRWN (1650) KK?imt (1120)

JCrAlRF\KNn(l9tO)

500 MPH
Z5,000lvlPU^

RPCKH"

OW)

UNMANMD

mi(}M^

mppQMPH
( itiii

MM

ntriirij

Vnt jrr
i

P POTGJflAL

^mn:) mi\Uxi\mD(m^ mi^M'^Mtmu

ig

7-26

he evolution of speed

rating objects
rie

had

to

be

external.

Had

Einstein

known

particles?

lat internal

forces could be produced to accelerate

angular

Remember momentum?
a

the quantization of energy and

bjects
h
lis

regardf*

would he have expressed himself differently in Perhaps had he known, he might have
to solve the

This principle

when

thoroughly studied (and

will

demonstrated by
display
of

complete system)

certainly

mystery of the unified field M leory that he had worked on for over 30 years until _f e lime of his death in 1955. Speed limits have consistently been broken
;e(een able
ig.

some

intriguing correlations with the principles

quantum mechanics.

7-26).

When
ivention
hanics.
r

the principle incorporated

fully

in

Cook's
re-

is

understood

it

will

result in a

valuation of

many

basic principles of physics and

in

me-

We are

not authorities

quantum mechanics
fully interlike to

nuclear physics and are not qualified to

our experiments, but we would vith a glimpse of our speculations.

ret
leals

provide you

We believe that the principle involved here with the study of the mechanical structure of the lorn quantum mechanics. In principle the machine esembles an atom reconstructed on a gigantic scale, he mam center of the machine can be viewed as the ucleus of an atom and the propellant mass of the mall rotor as the mass and energy particles revolving round a smaller but separate nucleus (on the ma-

Could this discover/ lead to the solving of the mystery of gravity? What is gravity? Gravitation is defined as the mutual attraction between all masses and particles of matter in the universe. Einstein said all forms of energy are subject to gravitational attraction. We can determine that an object weighing 60 pounds on earth would weigh 10 pounds on the moon and 16,740 pounds on the sun. But what are the actual mechanics of gravity? How do the particles of matter actually respond when under the influence of gravity? This confused Newton, who at one time suggested the supposedly "mechanical" properties of extension and inertia are, after all, themselves "perfectly incapable of being explained mechanically."'

bf the scientists we had discussions that great men such as Newton and Einstein have clearly answered the questions of

Some

with have
gravity.

assumed

5
I-

nucleus mass attached to the center of the oior). Our machine has certain spin requirements, rbital requirements, energy state requirements, and ucleus requirements, which should have meaning to he experts m the field of quantum mechanics. Some of the basic concepts of quantum) mehanics explored by such men as Planck, Schrddinger, Maxwell, and Heisenberg can be viewed in this mahme Consider symmetry, parity, and counterrotation. Vhat about selection rules and the spin orientation of
hine. the

Here is Newton's obsen/ation on gravity; "you sometinhes speak of gravity as essential and inherent do not ascribe that notion to me; for the cause of gravity is what do not pretend to know."* This dilemma confronted Einstein: "The idea that there should exist two structures in space, indeto matter. Pray
I

pendent

of

one another the

gravitating

space and

the electromagnetic
It's

one is

intolerable"^

gravity did not

obvious that these foremost experts on have the full answers regarding the mechanics of it. For this reason, scientists should not

138 -

have been so dogmatic

in

rejecting the theory of the

possibility of internal propulsive forces.

experience, it's vious to us that gravity is an internal propulsive force of some kind. Lets consider for a moment the classic cannonball and feather experiment.

From our own now becoming more and more ob-

able to effectuate the equal acceleration of the

objects.

ical

to

Gravity as an external force doesn't seem Icj us, especially when you try to explain he I

Newton was questioned about why a cannonfell at the same rate when dropped in a vacuum (Fig. 7-27) but. when they were accelerated
ball

and feather

objects respond to external acceleration. Why don't for a moment consider gra; ity as an internal propulsive force? Assume mass a(

we

the cannonball required so much more force than the feather to accelerate. Newton stated that in the case of gravity Mother Nature ven/ conveniently provided just enougli force to propel each
horizontally,

why

energy are interchangeable, as Einstein shov/ed. Smu the cannonball contains more mass particles or weig than the feather, it has more energy contained wiihirj than the feather. (Remember there has to be ene.^gy j
i

accelerate a

mass
this

object at the

same

rate.

What he

didn't explain

what he meant by "Mother Nature,"

or just

how

it

was was

can now develop a new theoi involving force, mass, and energy in producing iheij gravitational effects. Let's assume the mass particl*'!
about the nucleus of each atom are som| to accumulate more of their number c the side of the nucleus closest to the "foreign object Since any particle of mass that spins produces a ce
that spin

From

we

how caused

by having a greater number of ma: on one side of the nucleus (nearest the fc eign mass) we can assume an unbalanced centrifug force is produced in that direction. This affects bo masses simultaneously, and consequently they prop toward each other if similar in mass. In the case of
trifugal

force,

particles

tt-

VACUUM

mh\^

cannonball or feather versus the earth, the small mass will move toward the greater mass due to th inertia of the greater mass (Fig. 7-28).

The fact that the energy and mass ratios of cannonball and feather are identical conveniently
plains
rate

ih
e^i

why a feather and cannonball fall at the sam when accelerated by their own internal propulsiv

forces,

When

force, the greater

accelerated horizontally by an extern, mass requires a greater energy an

the distinction

force.

Here

is

we

are trying to

mak
thi

between Force Internal and Force External. With distinction in mind we believe that in one case
cannonball
force and, force

th

was
in

accelerated by an external honzonti

the case of gravity, by an internal vertic.

Einstein's theon/ of gravity predicted the exij tence of gravitational waves or gravitational radiatior
Einstein's gravitational
light,

their

waves travel at the speed c and can exert forces on matter path producing, for example, ven/ small vibration
carp/ energy,
i

ii

bodies. His theory predicts that the wave in the distribution of matter It IS not produced, Einstein believed, by a rotatim sphere, but would result from a rotating body no

in elastic

produced by the change

having symmetry about its axis of rotation.* Cook's theor/ of gravity predicts that the un balanced centrifugal force produced within each aton
is

triggered by energy
is

wave

radiation of

some

sort

This energy
Fig.

7-27
.ind feather

Famous cannonball

expenmont

an electric current producing magnetic effect in an electromagnet. Although th electrical current is not a magnetic wave, it does resul
similar to

- 139

croducing magnetism. (It is known that whenever electric current flows in a wire, magnetism can be rtected around that wire.) This current can be com1

3red to Einstein's gravitational

imitarly,

energy radiating from

all

waves or radiation. masses in the uni-,

~"

OR

quite possibly the trigger of gravitational fects just as electrical energy is the trigger for
^rse
is

'

ectromagnetism. We can make this distinction Cook's theory ews gravity as an internal force whereas Einstein's jeorv views gravity as an external force. We believe that, on a gigantic scale, we have
jplicated to a certain extent the

-^^^^^""^

f^RnCLT^

^ ^
^

^ery

atom has

inner force potential

it

g sea of motion
:le in

scribed to practically

mechanics of gravity. due to the swirlpossesses, and spin has been every type of fundamental par-

o
Q..
Fig 7-28

r\ Q-

.6

^ .Si

the universe. That inner force potential of the

.'

[om is similar to the CIP engine spinning at high Deed while in neutral (Fig. 7-29). You have to trigger )e gravitational effect that produces motion, which is milar to signaling our rotors electrically to exchange ^e propellant mass. Our mechanism, when producing
repulsion,
is

a rotating

body or system not having

The unbalanced

centrifugal force within

each atom may be

gravity.

/mmetry about its axis of rotation (Fig. 7-30). But hen spinning in the neutral mode the mechanism is /mmetrical in both mass and spin.

iM<iS

COW&KitS,

wu^yurs

G
5

]f
i
TOALftfX owtf^iMip cwnof

^-^
lv\^culNt IN

mmi

o o o

f>

<>

o o o

o
0

i
o^^

ATOM CnSTOR,NlD

^TOM uMDi^ruKm)
Fig.

7-30
I

F.g 7-29

The CIP engine

neutral

compared

to

an undisturbed atom

The CIP engine producing propulsion compared atom (gravity^).

to a disturbet
\

140 -

It is interesting to note that the internal force generated by the CIP engine is produced in a waveform by centrifugal force, which in a sense is artifical

Citations.

Chapter 7
'

gravity.

And what are the" mechanics of magnetism? In many ways thee mechanics are certainly similar to gravity. Cook is :onvinced that both gravity and magnetism are inier-al propulsive forces. His theon/
is

that

magnetism prm
particles

,3rily

affects the electrical or energy

spinni -g about the nucleus of the

gravity

wherea?
particles.

primarily affects the

atom spinning mass

Harry Stir^e. "Oetesier. Phasers and Dean Dnves uinj/oij Scie-c Fiction /Science Fact. June 19761, 76 Russell E Adams, Jr. "In Search of the Bootstrao Effect' \AnaiC' Science Fiction /Science Fact. Aoni 19781. d 50-51 E'nan McMuilm, Newton on Matter ana Activity iNotre Dane ircjiara University of Notre Dan-^e Press. 1973). p 72 RoBert Bosancon, ed The Encvciooeaia of P^vs^cs iNe'/v Yor Va Nostrand Peir^noid Connoany. 197J1, D 553 Anoria Vaiiertin, The Drama of Libert E-r-ste-n Qatcer- C.ty \' Y Doucieaay .md Comoany, Inc i95'il. a 161 McGraw-Hill ErcvclopeOia of Science ana Tecr.roiogy !1977), G'a. nation, p 300A
.

Our research and experiments have raised these conjectures and many rhore. We will need help, however, to fully unravel these mysteries and unlock

some

of the related secrets of nature.

141

8.

The History (P^rt II).

0,

late in 1974 an idea with the potential to shape the future course of history was for-

lated.
In

December

of that year

Cook returned

to his idea.

nl attorneys in

Oakland

to disclose his

new

continue his unfinished analysis. His busy schedule prevented him from attending. Circumstances forced Cook to return to Pittsburg, California from Fallon. Here, he began work on his first handmade model incorporating the new principle.

Gardner was astonished. After 33 years in the iness, and having studied over 400 mechanical ns. he had never seen anything like it. He asked k, "How do you ever think up these things anyway?"

Unfortunately, the

air

pollution in Pittsburg

was

intensifying

Gardner promised to give the idea top priority ahead of all others on his agenda. e was so enthused that he wanted to help in any way s could. Unfortunately, he died in 1975. An entry in s dian/ showed that he had planned to introduce ook to several industrialists. In February of 1975. Cook, my brother Brett, nd revisited Dr. Brian Williams in Pleasanton, Caliomia. We were all extremely excited because this
^6 put the project
I

and again, for health considerations, Cook moved, this time to Vallejo. California located on the northern part of San Francisco Bay. The move was a lonely one for Cook, who left his fnends, but he had to find a place near the water with a more plentiful supply
of fresh air to relieve his allergies. Two he settled in Vallejo. the Sunday Valleio (Exhibit 8-1). Again.
third

months

after

Times-Herald ran a story and a picture of his new. crude first model

Cook takes issue with Newton's

law of motion.

was

vas the
iple to a

first

member

opportunity to introduce the new prinof the scientific community. Serious

onversation lasted for many hours. Williams performed a mathematical analysis of ^e two propellant masses designed to propel the lachme. He evaluated each mass independently. The orce produced by the fixed mass balanced over 360
if

with this first handbuilt model exchange mechanism (required to make the mass split and transfer) necessitated more precision than a "handmade job" could provide. The first model never worked, not even good enough to allow the principle to be tested.

The

difficulty

that the

travel.

The exchangeable mass produced

positive

concluded that he two negative impulse forces produced by reversig the masses' direction of travel exactly canceled the lositive force produced by the combined masses. Unlappily, our time together had to be concluded just as ve were beginning to discuss the oscillator and lucleus, which were designed to cancel the negative
entrifugal force for 180. but Williams
'ffects.

These are the secrets

of

why

the system

vorks and how we recycle the mass without producng negative effects Cook felt we had overworked
Williams, who offered to continue the analysis. However, after such long hours of intense concentralon Cook felt it wrong to encourage him to press on. "he visit ended. On our trip home, we decided that before we
)r.

jnveiled the final

elements

of the solution

we wanted

support our theory with a working model to avoid jny further confusion. Thus, in 1977 and again in 1979 Dr Williams was reissued invitations to view the newly ;ompleted oscillator, a key feature of the machine, and

Cook making adjustments on

1975.

first

handburit CIP prototype

in early

142

Cook kr?w

machine could be

built that

could

consistently nnake exchanges at 1,000 per minute or

more. He had aone something similar when he had in the printing trade. The presses Cook had operated could cut. fold, transfer, and deliver flimsy paper at similar speeds. He reasoned that if he could make high-speed exchanges with paper, he certainly

Most of these experiments were accomplish! during 1976. Funds again ran out early that year an the progress was often dictated by availability (
If funds were there we could purchase th necessan/ parts; if not. we were stalled. Because the controversy with Newton, the potential investo we approached would lose interest when they sougf scientific advice as to the validity of Cook's seeming impossible invention. From early 1976 to the middle c 1977 progress was delayed for lack of funds. Until the summer of 1976 Cook had been livin alone with his three dogs Bismark, a German Shepi

worked

money.

could build a prrcuision system capable of transferring condensed m.iss at high speed.

Late in June of 1975 take a profess; .nally built

Cook realized that it would model with a precise ex-

change mechanism and oscillator to prove the principle. The second model was thus built m Berkeley,
California

ard;

by a friend

at a

cost of S200.

When

the

Shadow, a black Labrador; and Teeny Tiny, Great Dane. That June. Cook married Scherl Carr.

machine was completed and returned to Vallejo we found ourselves with an unworkable model. The wrong ratios and proportions had been used. Modifications had to be made. A friend Harold Furlo of Concord assisted us building some needed parts in a small shop in his garage. Unfortunately, the changes
still

weren't sufficient
dred dollars
the

to correct the

severe deficiencies

in

the second model, but with a budget of several hun-

we

couldn't expect miracles.

Because of the controversy with Newton, the potential investors we approached would lose interest when they sought scientific advice as to the validity of Cook's seemingly impossible

a total failure. For time w^ confirmed that the exchange mechanism could transfer and reverse the direction of the mass between the arms in both directions. Even
first

The model, however, wasn't

invention.

though

we

couldn't keep the exchanges consistent,

we

did actually

witness

it

done.

More

than ever,

we
Early
in

realized

we neeaed

a precise

mechanism.
1977, with additional living expenses!
hii

The principle had not yet been completely veriby a working model, so late in 1975 with a few thousand dollars investment, Cook was ready to make one more attempt at a more precise handbuilt model.
fied

Cook began

to sell firewood part-time to support

family and experiments.

was compelled
In

to

As the year continued, hi partially abandon his experiments

t(

This time, the correct ratios and proportions

prevent financial disaster.

tax collector

were used.

Additionally,

on

this third

model, Cook,

incorporated a solitable drivetrain that could be disconnected in su .h a way to allow only the small rotor
to turn.

Cook

his

June of that year. Richard Bower, a retireii and potential promoter, offered to lend assistance. He arranged for Roy Renner (ai

Cook

is

now

able to study the oscillations

and determine the requirements for the nucleus mass. From these exp-^nments, we proved that the nucleus mass was gome to do its job. Because the nucleus mass could be kept relatively small, we believed beyond any doupt that for all practical purposes the theory had bee; successfully proven. This convinced
us that the so- ailed impossible internal propulsive force would be successfully demonstrated in the ven/ near future. Litti*^ did we realize that we faced a fouryear struggle. This moC'?l also confirmed that the exchange mechanism wou'd positively work at higher speeds and with much larger masses. One difficulty was to keep the masse; exchanging between the arms uniformly Here, v.e only had limited success, and couldn't maintain the exchanges consistently enough
at high

outstanding consulting mechanical engineer and one; time consultant to the State of California on the steani bus project) to investigate Cook's model and study thtj principle. Renner, upon examining the model, conj eluded that he could see nothing wrong with the prinj ciple, and strongly recommended that a precisiofj

model be built. With these conclusions, Bower assured Cool'i that financial needs would be met. Unfortunately! Bower could not come through financially. Cook agair| faced financial deadend. Discouraged and exhausted he was forced to terminate his experiments com
pletely.

He moved everything to Esparto, California (c town approximately 45 miles north of Vallejo) tc become involved full-time m the firewood business. The situation was bad Here was an inventor o
unlimited creativity living near poverty logging and sell ing firewood His ideas were extraordinary Cook hac

speed

to positively

produce propulsion

144 -

concepts
radical

for

sources, and

new propulsion systems, new energy new methods of water purification. His
something was
terribly

mechanical ideas were backed by a 23-year

nation s

history of success. Ob/iously,

methods of evaluating new" ide is with phenomenal potential. Here wa3 a lifetime of experimental knowledge possessed by a mechanical expert in rotary motion going to waste
and great
sows. What a crime! What injustice! Events in late 1977 and early 1978 got Cook' back on the track of perfecting his machine. The franchise to the range Cook was logging was lost as a
oiling chain

wrong with our

and that, coupled with a wet knocked him out of the firewood business. Cook laughs when he recalls that 1977 with all its financial problems was probably the healthiest year of his life due to all the exercise. Without his logging work Cook had no reason to remain in Esparto so he
winter,

result'of a friend's death

""

returned to his previous residence near the water

in Vallejo.

too busy with his projects to become involved, but he treated Cook cordially. In the spnng of 1978, while in Vallejo, Cook's allergies again put him out of action

new

He was again on the financial hotseat. He now had a wife and one baby boy, Robert. Jr. (born April 10, 1977) to support and another, Victor Alexander (borri July 1. 1978), on the way. Because of these tremendous obligations. Cook, in early 1978, swallowed his pride and returned to visit his ex-partner Bob Stall in San Francisco m an effort to restimulate interest
in his

'

The Cook family

Left to right; Victor, Scherl, Bob.

and Bob.

Jr.

invention

Stall

was much

months. Whii-? recovering and although extremely weak, he prep.ired a small article for the Vallejo paper in hopes of simulating some additional interest and
printed

for several

With Cook for a whopping

18%

interest in his pater

and put $15,000

in

a trust fund to

be used

for cor

possibly financ.al support for his idea. The small article in the Vallejo Times-Herald during April

1978

did eventually

bring the desired results: Cook was invited to lectL-e at the Vallejo adult center. The lec'ure was well received and the instructor, Mrs. Eva Fillesen, later discussed investing in the invention wlt^l her husband. Dr. Jim Pallesen of Pt. Richmond, California After meeting with Cook Dr Pallesen w mted to help and suggested that Cook

Renner. As Cook would

In

had to ge the project back on its feet. Late in that year a fourth prototype model wa started by Earl Kelly in his machine shop in Riverbank California. Kelly had been recommended by Ro
Kelly

struction of a model. This agreement was signed earl in July of 1978. Cook had little choice; he

completed the major component

for

pick

them up

assembly.

set with attorney since Knudsen became ill, Cook discussed his desire to incorporate with Knudsens partner, David Paul, a prominent San

incorporate.

Ac appointment was
n

December of 1978 Cook returned to hi; hometown of Presidio for the holidays. There, he vis ited his friend Tomas Noriega, editor and publisher o
the weekly

Gary Knudsen

San Francisco,

but,

newspaper Renovacion

(Cjinaga.

Chih.

Francisco corporate attorney. Subsequently Dr Pallesen spoke directly to Paul regarding the details of incorporating. Dr. Pallesen was so enthusiastic about the project that David Paul himself became interested
in

Mexico.) As a result of this visit the following newj article was published (Exhibit 8-2a and 2b). Back in Riverbank, Kelly was delayed in his work by sickness, so it wasn't until May of 1979 tha' Cook received all the completed major components

investing.

of an accounting firm in Milbrae, California) n turn added a friend. Bill Wayne

Airlines).

Ultimately, Dr. Pallesen did not invest but David Paul did. Paul added a friend, Bn/ce Olson (the owner

The machine itself was yet to be completed, so a new machine shop was located to finish the model. Jim Harmsworth, owner of H & D Machine and Engineer
ing (Benicia. California)

was engaged

to build the m,a

and Olson
United

(a pilot for

The three signed a partnership agreement

chine His work began where Kelly's had ended By June, with approximately S18,000 invested, Paul. Olson, and Wayne became disenchanted witf
the slow progress

One

of the ma)or factors disap-

The

latest

CIP prototype under construction.

Septemoer 1978 at Earl Keiley s machine shop. Left to right: Cook, Keiley. and Roy Renner (Picture courtesy of Richard Bower.)

146

pointing the investors was the project's delays (caused by Kelley's illness), which had cost both tinne and
15: "You must bear in have sustained you for a full year now. We must impress on you that no further funds will be available for your support in the immediate future. Therefcre, you must plan to seek independent employment to provide for the maintenance of your family. Dunng this period we (Bn/ce, Bill, and I) will undertake the task of exploiting the invention by the

money. Paul wrote on June

mind, Bob, that

we

best possible means."

Cook was angp/. He had given a full 18% interest ih a multimillion dollar idea and this was all the support he was given. Not one expert had been hired by Paul to analyze Cook's principle. He felt betrayed
because, he

system as well as the workbench it was bolted to. For a year, the investors had sent Cook $1,20 per month to cover his family's living expenses so thc he could work full-time on the model. The S18,0C total, less the $14,400 living expenses sent Cook for full year actually meant the machine had been cor structed for a puny $3,600, This figure is incredibi when compared to the staggering billion, 98 million, spent in 1979 by NASA on the problem-riddled spao shuttle, a system the CIP engine will make obsolete.
1

an eight-pound propellant mass would be exchange' consistently. These fairly consistent exchanges woul begin to register the first propulsive forces on thj
'

now

believed that experiments conducted

on the almost-completed model had proven the great worth of the idea. By the time of Paul's letter, the oscillating mechanism as well as the exchange mechanism had started to work, and by the middle of July

After several months of working on the ma chine and familiarizing himself with the principle, Jin Harmsworth of H & D Machine and Engineering ha(

A?i'".?,^K^/^'4 (Vol. 22. 3.

No

"Programming the Shuttle March 19801. p 137

to Future

Needs." Spscefl,gh> '

y

Ex. 8-2a
Ex.

8-2b

friendly

newspacer story on Cook's work.

translation of the

1979

story.

We Were Visited by Noted

l\'os

Scientist

I'isilii
I.a

Connolado Cicntifico
onfenor cstuvo a

vi^itarn<j5 en nueOra Rcdacfiop. cl j.vcn cicntffiro-invcntor Hoh.r'o Cook Rodrt guer originririo dc la vccina pohloci.m dc ProsiHio Te.\a? y que Rhora reside en Vallejo. Cnlifornia, EE. UU.. y de quien ya en otr.i ocasi(in anterior nos babfomos ocupado. en relacidn con un aparnto de su invencidD para aHaptor^e 3 to do vehfculo cornl)ustirtn interna y que no habfa podido perfeccionar por la falta dc rccursos economicos.

scmma

Estc

ap.ir.ito,

nos dice
Rn.^to

el seilor
dr>

considerahlcmetite

el

debs
etc.)

vehfculo
hi

faufomrtviles.

Cook, e? para reducir romhu.stibic dc los motores aviones. cohefe,') espacialcs

news
what

media, having offered us more exact details, because h desires that his native land, which is Presidio, become
IS

them hiahe, efficiency ana also more speed for less cost, and now he continues to tell us. an international organization with strong financial backing has been formed He will be a secure condition to let the world recognize his inventions, which he will do through all public

to perfect it because of lack of economic resources. This apparatus. Mr. Cook tells us. is to reduce consider ably the cost of fuel for vehicle motors (automobiles airplanes special rockets, etc.) and at the same time will give

been able

in Valle/o. California. U.SA. and who on another past occasion ha'c brought to our attention an apparatus of his own invention to bt adapted on internal combustion (engines} vehicles but had

Last week we were visited at our residence, by the yount scientific inventor Roberto Cook Rodriguez* who originates frorr the neighboring population of Presidio. Texas and who now reside'

no

dn mucho mayor polencia y por lo tanto m:i veloridad por nieno.n gasto. y que ohora, nos sigue dicicndo. que ya sc ha org.iniz.do un.-x empresa internacional de r.ipitalc.i fuertes es'ard en condicionra segu ras de poder dar a conocer a! mundo su invento, lo que hard per todos lo.s medios de publicidad. habi^ncJonos
ic*

y que

r.nstno

fiempo

about
the
is

aware

oi

to revolutionize all

types of motor transportation

The mother
s

Note

how

name

is

given

Rodriguez,

added

after the

surname - Cook

Spanish

maiden name

ofrccido

coviarno.i

dct^Iles, pue. 6\ desea que su que es Presidio, se vaya dando cuentn dc lo que est* en vlsper.is de evolucionar toda clase de tran-portncirtn
tierra natal,

proximamenle mas

a motor.

147

Even though the machine hadn't all negative effects. across the floor yet, Cook actually propelled itself knew that the principle was proven: It had to propel

more per once it increased its exchanges about 20 position of the minute The situation echoed the Wnght brothers; Even before their first plane flew it was going to be (with an engine), the brothers knew pounds in successful (Their first plane had a drag of 98

they knew the order to create enough lift to fly. Once it motor could develop 132 pounds of thrust they knew was going to fly.) Cook relayed the good news to his
partnersfaction.

The

principle

had been proven

to his satis-

What was

satisfacton/ to Cook, however,

was

financial backers. They had far from satisfacton/ to his which they insisted to see a fully demonstrable model, units. should be composed of two counterrotating

hrM-%
lickmson, Harmsworth. and Cook eenng
at

H & D Machine and

Engi-

a believer. An inventor himself, with over years experience designing and building machines. Harmsworth was impressed and declared the idea the nost outstanding invention in history. He recognized :ook as a mechanical genius and wasn't about to give

)ecome
10

jp improving

snded funding
Tiodel,
u/^

the machine because David Paul had it. He continued to build parts for the

knowing that Cook had no immediate funds to eimburse him for his work. '^ Exploring all avenues to stir up interest in his the 10th Annual MUFON (Mutual t dea. Cook attended ifUFO Network, Inc.) Symposium on July 8, 1979 in "teurlingame, California. Cook talked briefly with both
featured speakers, Stanton T. Friedman, a nuclear physicist of Hayward, California, and Dr. J. Allen Hynek
(of

Cook and Harnasworth pouring over the

blueprints at

H&

D.

UFO

of the Center for Evanston, Illinois. Dr. Hynek complimented Cook on being the first person he had met in 34 years that claimed to actually have working hardware to demonstrate his ideas on space propulsion and hadn't asked for 20 million dollars and 10 years to

Northwestern University), director

Studies
in

develop them. Dr. Hynek asked to be kept informed of Cook's progress Cook also had a longer discussion with James M McCampbell, director of research for MUFON. McCampbell took notes of the conversation but nothing

came
In

of

it.

July of 1979 the

first

conclusive

expenments

verifying the

soundness

of the principle took place, after the

four

and one-half years

That month

ceived

we

positively
its

oscillating

mechanism and

concept was conconfirmed that the nucleus could eliminate

Cook and Harmsworth near the Bridgeport

manufacture

nulling

machine used

to

some

of the parts for the

CIP engine.

148

Left to right: Cook. Dickinson,

harmsworth. and Bob Woodyard.

Jack and Bob Woodyard

at a

Delta Bearing outlet.

Cook

at

the blackboard during the Novennber. 1979 lecture

149 -

ional
lis

18% interest and find new backers. A nneetPaul. ng was arranged with Cook early that August so to follow. DIson, and Wayne could decide what course Present at the meeting were Jim Harmsworth, a retired the machine shop owner, and Seth Hodson. ^ASA engineer. Both men had come on Cook's behalf
sack their
'

and if funds to continue work on the nnachine, to buy partners didn't wish to cooperate he wanted

Cook now made

it

clear that

he needed addi-

times and each time the experience seemed unreal. Cook was exhausted, but extremely happy. You can imagine how Thomas Edison's workers must have felt after finally succeeding with the light bulb. They had become accustomed to labor without hope. They never dreamed that their long months and years of hard work could be ended
abruptly and almost by accident.
all

The suddenness

of

it

the inventor's [0 help the investors better evaluate conclusion. At the meeting also was David Paul's son. with the disa biophysicist, who was already familiar
appointing

took their breath away. Cook was sure these results would re-interest his partners. He told them of his success but reminded

them

that further

improvements needed

to

be made

Dean

Drive.

Cook received the impression

even before the meeting began that Paul. Jr. had conluded that the machine was a worthless assortment gears and weights that had little more potential than vibrator to propel, and that his father had been foolif

before proper demonstrations for business interest could be conducted. Since the machine was not yetperfected to the point of enduring a full promotional

ish to

finance this wild creation.

The evaluation

of the

machine by the "expert" the investors brought lasted ess than 25 minutes. Cook wasn't given a chance for full explanation and almost nothing was asked of armsworth or Hodson. Later, we learned that Paul, r., a totally unqualified expert in mechanics, indeed ad pronounced the machine just another Dean drive nd had soured his father and partners on the future
potential of the invention.

History

internal propulsive force

had been made. A weak has been fully demonstrated and the foundations of physics and mechanics had been proven
wrong.

Later that month Cook was notified his partners wanted out. and for $18,000 they would gladly release all their interest. During October of 1979, at H & D Machine and Engineering, the exchange mechanism was "fine tuned" to the point where a consistent exchange was possible at high speed. Finally, with both the oscillator

schedule, Paul. Olson, and ysiB'ine still couldn't get too excited about the experiments. They would still rather have their money returned and get out of Cook's way. Cook If they couldn't pitch in and help financially.

wanted them

out.

He would seek

other investors.

and exchange mechanisms well was given its first true test.

adjusted, the

machine

Late in the afternoon of October 15. 1979 Cook and an employee of H & D, Fred Petty, made final adjustments of the machine on the welding table. Dead tired from the heat and a full day's work, they were about to quit for the day but before leaving they

That is exactly what happened. In December of 1979 an agreement of release and discharge was signed by Paul, Olson, and Wayne who were given three $6,000 money orders by Cook. The signed agreement concluded. "The undersigned acknowledges that they have had the full opportunity to in-

gave the machine one last try. The gears began spinning, the mass began exchanging, and the nucleus began to perfectly control the oscillations. Finally, the machine reached the necessary rotor speed required to
the

overcome

friction
all

on

those years of frustration and ridicule suffered by the inventorthe machine began to surge forward. History had been made. A weak internal propulsive force had been fully demonstrated and the foundations of physics and mechanics had been proven wrong! Cook and Petty stood there dumbfounded. They couldn't believe what they were seeing. The machine had moved when they least expected it. Could it really have happened? A few minutes later Bob Woodyard, a friend and investor, dropped by. He.

wheels and

propel.

Unbelievably

after

spect the model and all data connected therewith, have had experts inspect the same and advise them concerning the device, that at all times during the relationship Robert L. Cook represented to the undersigned that the invention is workable and valuable." New investors had entered the picture. The Woodyard family, owners of Delta Bearing Company
of Pittsburg

and Benicia,

California

purchased

Paul.

Wayne's interest in the idea and initially supplied Cook with the $18,000. The Woodyard's had gotten to know Cook as he purchased gears, bearings, and various materials from them for his machine. They took a tremendous interest in his work and were considering investing. In November both Jim Harmsworth and the Woodyards hired Dr. Charles Reeg. one of the
Olson, and

heads

of a

department of physics

at a large university,

to attend a small lecture

too,

witnessed the machine propel. They ran

it

several

Cook was planning at H & D Machine and Engineering. Harmsworth (who had al-

150

Nov.

29,

1979

Dear Mr. Woodyard:

have made calculations which concern the ideal case of the

machine invented by Mr. Cook...

by,. the mass has opposite direction momentum provided by the fixed mass. This fixed mass roH,..., p the unbalanced momentun which can b e used to p r ppel the vehigl ...

...The momentum possessed

to the

Ex. 8-3a

Report verifying

Cooks

successful rectification of centrifugal force.

Ex.
Dr.

8-3b

Reegs graph

of the

unbalanced momentum.

ready helped substantially) and the Woodyards both a professional written analysis on Cook's principle in order to assist them in nnaking future investment decisions regarding the invention.

wanted

and Wayne's interest. Seeing his theories proven and having a pro fessor's endorsement made Cook even more confi
dent
ber.
in his discussions with physicists. That Novem during a phone conservation with Dr. Williams

Dr.

Reeg attended and seemed

to react favor-

In a signed report dated November 29, 1979 (the first wntten report ever done by a qualified scientist on the new pnnciple) Dr. Reeg concluded: (1) The principle is sound, and (2)

ably to the lecture-demonstration.

Dr.

the efficiency potential exceeds 50% (Exhibit 8-3a). Reeg's graph of the momentum follows (Exhibit

8-35):
Dr. Reeg was the first professor to sign a report unequivocally concluding that the idea was workable. This report prompted the Woodyard family
to

strongest challenge yet. He tolc was so convinced of his principle that he was willing to wager $10,000 on it. Dr. Williams asked Cook if he disproved his theory would he get the $10,000 "Yes." Cook replied, "but its a twoway street. If you fail to disprove my theory, then you
his
Dr.

Cook made

Williams that he

owe me

$10,000."

provide the funds necessary to buy out Paul, Olson

Cook asked Dr. Williams to clarify the wager. "My argument against your idea," Williams said, "is the fact that you're saying force is not equal to mass times acceleration" "No," Cook replied, "I'm not say-

151

The CIP engine mounted on wheels.

ing that.

What

I'm trying to establish

is

the fact that a

distinction

has to be

made between
I

the (newly dis-

covered) force internal and force external. These two forces have to be considered and say can produce an internal force. If you want to wager can't produce an internal force with a mechanism that will affect the
I I

When the truth of the matter regarding his (Newton's) blunders is fully known, it will be seen that his erroneous teachings have misled those in the field of mechanics into designing terribly inefficient systems of transportation. The laws have blinded the scientists.

momentum

of
it.

ready to lose

an object get your $10,000 out and get do have a mechanism that will demI

onstrate this fact."

Dr Williams responded. "I'd rather not take you up on that wager. I'd rather come to your next lecture and demonstration." A top nuclear physicist had backed down from Cook's challenge. There would be more to come So, as the decade of the 1980s began, we were still struggling to have our ideas fully accepted. Totally frustrated by his failure to obtain a fair hearing from the scientific community (which had been a major factor blocking the avenues of interest from the business world). Cook lashed out at Newton in his strongest attack yet, in the Sunday Valleio Times-Herald of February 3. 1980 (Exhibit 8-4);

Close-up

of the

arms and rotors

of CIP engine

mounted on

a boat

152

Valleje-Bnicia
edition

Titnes Herald

Solono and
ceuntiet'

Nopo meminq

nrm

thru'ling II.VH along TTirre (or a drive trarfi The hrn

simpiv gi\e the car vtmeihing roll iM

Cjyvk

uid

Itie

IhruM

will

work
of

ih.

Mme
sea ur

whi'ihrr the
in

CIP engine
boiuim

is O'
t

laml. in ihe air. at the

spare

Kor cars, the greater eflicimc) of the CIP comes from the lack of i iransmissMin and differential tnih f whRh ukc tremedous power to lurn. Cuok iaid

With a Jnn horservywer Intrrnji combustion engine, lesa than hall

i

reaches the rear wheels. he said The other horsepower is gvrt up the transmission and differential
It
' i

Cook i seve CtP engine prototypes was tested t>\

e(

Years ago. one

I'nited Airline* Recently a l'nilr<l engineer told Cook if the enging routd save one cent per gallon ol fuel. It would save the airline C( million annually PresenUy. the best )( engii re I prrceni efficient and rocket engines arc leas than I pereeni efficient. Cook said Sayutg he has refmed the engine since I'nited tested it at I percent elfcietwy. h uid the next prototype could have an efficiency rat Ing as high as perrent

Dr

^^___
pfiysict

chairman

of

department, using

the t'nited Airlines report, predicted the Invention would produce about a 30 percent efficiency, about the same as an internal combustion engine It Is possible that as much as BOO million per year rould be uved

Bob Cook with an Invention he hopes may one day power space crafts and submarines.

Inventor propelled by engine

By

by t'niied Airlines once the new system is fully ulilued by com mericial avialwn." Cook sain "The entire transportation industr would save biilnns of dollars because the system will eventually be used on Just about everything that

moves

"

SEXN MrVKY
a

Tlmn-Hrraltf Suit Hrtirf

nuclear submarines through the worWf ocrjns and speed cars and trucks alon hiKlt-

selves nut with each rexoluiion

However the principle behind Cook I Invention - Ihe onr

dimensional force it contrary ir Issac .Newton s law\ In 167 .Newton wrote an explana Hon of the laws of physics in a bnr< called Philosophiae iNaturahs

VALLEJO - It kioks more like ColdbiTK Unusy than lh rrwine

future

Rub
the

of

ways The Invention

inPTlial

Cook explains the CIP engine captures

I

It II a conrorlion o( Reari. machined metal parti and wire *>\en iwiu-hed on. il shalies itt frame as a missive arm with weif his on both ends lurn^ But Vallejo inwntor l^ib Cook predlrls it ilt eftricnllv hurtle ipace rrafl thrnuih <pace at or near the 'ptcd of linht. pmpel

Is called the CIP iCook propulsion engine Conk explains ennine harnesses cenirifuBal forcf. Imaeine whirling a stone on the end uf a strmg A tremcdous amount of cenirifuial force IS created with very litlle use of energy. But prnfclems occur if this unconverted power IS to be uv>l Ai l^ng at the stone kefps whirling in a cir< le the for(e^ cancel them-

that the

At one point In the cycle. n Imbalance in the centri/ugal force is made, creating a forward thrust. The iniernal combustion engine In a car turns the wheels and the car moves forward biTjuse ihe turning whirls move against the ground This Is called two dimensional force
Ihe^e forces

datmn The
a

Principia Malhematica.' the tnur for the science of motion

first

law suics every

borfv

With

the

dimcnsionji

force

CIP engine bwausc

the

thre is onengine is

stale of rest or in a stale of straight motion will remain in thji state unless acted on by estern.i<

forces

Ex.
)k's

8-4

Strongest BttarV on N?wlon got<5 publir.hod

Cook's strongest attack on Newton qets published.

'

153

Mid lh jcctIw The t<cond oi 1 rvffi body II protwriMMul

j'c (ofce
"iPAj

Uw

o(

rv
i

ciusing U. the third Ijw uid lh*l (or jctino. Uiw* It jn opposue

In

iinM

Miul reaction iht lutl. Cook hM rwi vp J viniiKic Hon* wall (rom
and

;;nrfri

phy^icisu

borause

( to

CIP violates several o< ih<- However, the wall! are bttincrumble tinre Cook has d*theory for hi$

'vr<i t
!

CtD enciM

hf hjs a vrortinc modH rhe CIP 1 ihruji u cauJ by eriul (orce. not n ouUidc fore*. ch It ronirary to Newio* i lint third laws "niis law ilhe tecondl. from Kk the univenally accepted lorlU o( FMA It derived. Icavrt ae for Internal (orret to aJlect
'

have brn the batis lor 4itclincs mathematical tludies. Cook has hjrth wordt lor Ncwioo t lawt When the truth o( the matter retjrdini hit blunders Is fidly known It will bo te that Ms crrnntnus learhlnn luvt mitioad those in th* (leld of mechanirt la ttnp dvtisnmi terribly ine<(icient tyttemtol (ran^porudon." he said "The lawt have alto creates) the Iretnedout wattrtui use o( lutt by Uirse inrdKienl ly^lems ... which M tr hav created a siliMtMM la the wnrU vhch it now tettin up a world war The low<i have al> bllndrd the
-

Imh M
It

the mindi of investors and

lot o(

tc lent Ills.

CMtcd me a

problems.

Cook said "I had

ihji lur a

to fight agiuist

He

It

reads to ecpand brvond his

prrseht

arit pra)ccl is a

Me-roiar proiotvfir suroiar CIP -

gme
be receiving hit L'nttcd States patent o hit tatett CIP *gme inna He tald he nerdt money 10 make loreiga patents and deveiop Ihe new su rotor ctigMie. "Im mad as hen We hase a
will to the coerev problem." Cook said "I'm not tome lunatic and ihis isn I tome pie In the tky lca The tcicniisit and engineers

Cook

toluiMMi

tctentitts to the point o( beinc unable 10 recncniH an invention that

a able la reduce Ihe (uH ocedi o( Ih* transnrtaiaM indvstry.'* Joel DickinsM. on* of Ihe lvttiori
i

thouM be helping

at. After all. they are United States ctlifens. Here I am working my tad ofi. They should

rrtleraiKM

o(

in ob)t." Cook

tht

CIP

iRd

be helpmi in.'*_^

TlM

F' In

FMA

wai alwayt

en lor uraflled to

mean an *

maihffnatics major in eo(lrt* toflent Cook t crilKitm of Newton

jl

force

Vt* new lyttem clearly and 1MM( doubt detnonilraie* Uia lorrt hjs to be rontidcrtd by tclendiU. namely that a ditlUichat to be mad* between lorct " ternal and (orce internal Cook rallf Newion t third law M biucit blunder ot the tnrc
<

"Bob It hard on Newton." Dickinsoa tati, "I'm aoC It hat be lh poopio h* ha* to* Irrprrtnl Newton law* ihjl havt

bcm wmna
sulljtKM
o(

'

Seth llndiON. whn auulcd in Iht design, fabricainn and overseas ine<]ui|imcni lor

deep tpaco irackinc NASA, and who Itrrt

became
tlatcs
for

It

every action or

(amiliar wiih Cook t invention while draltins the plant lor it.
It

must b an equal and hetaid In oUinrdi (her* can never be a (nrr* in| la nature anlet two bndies
ce. there

enthusiastic about
I

its

pnirntial

positerraction.

invnivrd
rtl
th

Oficeiemnc

the other on

whrh

(he (orce the (orce it

)ut(
If

TiV

But I crraiini a lorre one body involved The rrralrd within Ih* ty-

Brrau5 he is buckinc the (athcr icirnce Cr>ok ijid he has encoun-

Ircmrndous

resisUnce

in

hof obuining icirniilic approval linjncinf lor hit invenlinn

dcdnildv works." u ont o( tha frratest brrjkthroucht I hav* ao doubt that It worki James Hjrmiworih, owner of lUD NUchmc Shnp in Bcnicia. hat 10 yean experience designing and budding prototype machinfs He bocame a believer when C)ok appr'VH-hi'd bim a vear ago about builOmc a modd It It going to revolulMnue th transport jtmn industry. es>ecully

Yet Modvin

think

it

said

II

'

(he airline industry."

Harmtwortb

Oor rravm hv ihit tvtlrm hat Lt-n me almnM 12 yrart to prmc

I

am
pact,

"It It goHig to

make an imthis

espvcully

cncrev

pnAlems
drlicii

m "

tune (

11

the (act

thai the principle

runirarv to Nwimii law. A taid The icienre cnmmiaiiiv Id not cnntidrr it pnnible until a irkinjr modH wai dnaily funcimnand (hit lh<nr>' was prnpertv put ih to ripljin It in a raiinnal way fnlil one year ato no one o( tny Mure in tocieiy would lend a hrlpI hjrd to me and I bad to go il
irk<

Cnok had Jitintt hun while working on Ih* CIH *ngine was the Orjn Dnv* The Dean
Drive,

One

named
alsii

alter

Norman
.

Dean
that

a bureaucrat,

was a machine

*ai

tupposMi

a^

cen-

trifugal (orce

Investors llorked U> l>vn and

gave hun jpproximateh

develop

f2MiW

lo
it

me

(or all o( that

lime

'

Although Newton t Uwt have en tludied by cuuntlets genero( studenit

hit protect. However tumod out to be a sham Mhen Cook started work on

his

crnlrilugji

lorre
the

machine,

the

and hit theories

memory

of

Dean Drive was

Jim Harmsworth, owner

of

H&D

Machine Shop,

said he becanne a believer.

'Dickinson

was rmsauoied here

154

By

early

June

all

the necessary adjustments to

the CIP had been made to complete a special experiment with the model mounted on a boat. As usual, the experts had predicted that on water this new mech-

anism would produce bounded motion. This time on June 9. 1980 the machine not only propelled the
length of the pool in a continuous motion, but for the very first time actually accelerated. These amazing
results further reinforced Cook's contention of the existence of an internal propulsive force.

Robert Cook has earned an unpredjudiced

analysis of his theories and his working models.

On June

9,

1980 the

latest

CIP engine accelerated

this

boat across a pool.

155 -

9.

Epilogue.

' '

pw

does an inventor with a great breakthrough invention get a fair hearing from the scientific

connnnunity or the institutions of higher lea'rning?

Cook has done

estly.

his

research openly and hon-

His models have at all times inspection, testing, and evaluation.

been

available for

Fuel saving ideas such as the CIP engine should be given top priority by all countries of the world for speedy development. We need to embrace new and original ideas. Slowly improving "accepted and proven technology" is only temporary medication
for a potentially fatal

We have contacted

wound.

dozens of scientists and professors in an effort to obtain fully honest evaluations of the models. We have desperately tried to get the proper fundings and make the needed business arrangements to build a flying prototype. So far we have succeeded in getting only limited funding. The idea has been presented to NASA, United Airlines, and many universities. As a
result of dealing with United Airlines, Cook has been provided with both a dynamic analysis and accelerometer test report, both of which agree that the machine works. We also have a written analysis by the chairman of a physics department at a major university have concluding that the latest principle works. conducted every test that scientists and professors have suggested with positive results and those

in our case has been the world's attitude toward evaluating and accepting new and controversial ideas. Remember just this century the Wright brothers flew for years before the world's experts thought it was "possible to

One

of the major delaying factors

We

an inventor with a great breakthrough invention get a fair hearing from the scientific community or the institutions of
higher learning?

How does

results

have been rejected

in

take to get acceptance of a desperately

most cases. What does it needed breakin

fly." In this

through idea?

that develop ideas;

We
truth.

have been very careful

presenting the

Every effort has been

made

to

document Cook's

3 legitimate struggle and

i
;*

substantiate the authenticity of

work. This book is about real people and real events. Anyone can confirm its contents by examining
his

predominately "teams" have forgotten how to encourage the freedom necessary for pure creation (which has in almost all cases required individual thought and sacrifice). Modern education has created an atmosphere of fear that tends to strangle individ-

day and age,

it

is

we seem

to

ual creative

thoughts. Listen to the words of John

'_

public

documents.

Steinbeck:

?
fi

The public should demand that accurate

models be
built to

prove or disprove Cook's ideas. f Professional research in this "forbidden" area should begin in earnest immediately.* Cook deserves a just evaluation. Most of those who examined his models have agreed that whether they work or not, they deserve proper study. But who in the areas of science or ^ big business has helped? It has been a struggle. Cook has sun/ived 12 years of frustrations, unnecessary detours, and terrible disappointments. Recklessness and underhanded chicaner/ by certain professors and "experts" have already ruined several promising business relationships, as you heve witnessed.
'Cook IS concerned thai the United StJtes will be slow m tccoqfuzing the enoftnous naihtarv and soci.il value ol the CIP Cook s attorneys havp diready tiled the CIP patent specifications and claims m several countries.

Our species is the only creative species, and it has only one creative instrument, the individual mind and spirit of man. Nothing was ever created by two men. There is no good collaborations, whether in music, in art. in poetry, in mathematics, in philosophy. Once the miracle of xireation has taken place, the groups can build and extend it. but the group never invents anything. The preciousness lies in the
lonely

mind of man.

And now the forces marshalled around the concept of the group have declared a war of extermination on that preciousness, the mind of man. By disparagement, by starvation, by repressions, forced direction and stunning hammer-blows of conditioning, the free roving mind is being pursued, roped, blunted, drugged. It is a sad suicidal course our species seems to have taken. And this I believe: that the free exploring mind of the individual human is the most valuable thing in the world. And this I would fight for: the freedom of the mind to take any direction it wishes, undirected. And this I must fight against::, any ide^, religioh. or gdvernrn'en't which ti&iits or destroys the individual.

156

This book is a message of hope. It provides badly needed answers for the frightening possibilities inherent in a world energy crisis. Cook's ideas can lead to changes m our world that will benefit us all.

The

These are the ideas that the governments the world should concentrate their resources o rather than weapons of mass destruction and

wortt

is an opporby the CIP engine Humans can now work together for common world goals of space exploration, such as mining the planets. We cannot overemphasize the fact that the gross blunder by Newton is perhaps one of the greatest and costhe mistakes ever perpetuated. Newton's errors have misled and limited scientific thought and expectations for almost 300 years-an unbelievable situation, to say the least. The new laws of motion when fully understood, could lay the foundation for solving the great mysteries of gravity and magnetism. They could also pave the way to success for the three mechanical inventions most desperately needed by our world tod.iy:

tremendous excitement and adventure our solar system and galaxy completely

of exploring

tunity given our generation

less rocket development. These are the areas of r' search Cook has concentrated his studies and uniqii abilities on. Arthur Palmer's 1931 description Thomas Edison may some day soon apply to Robe' Cook:
ij

-,t

power

He has led no armies into battle. He has conquer^ no countries. He has enslaved no peoples. Yet he wields the magnitude of which no warrior has evt dreamed. "'

1.

A new nonpcilutmg energy source caoable of producinq energy without using fossil or nuclear fuels. (Proper
understanding of the nnechanics of gravity and magnetism could

Citations.
1.

Chapter 9

soon make
2. 3.

th,s a real possibility.)

A new propulsion system similar to the CIP engine A highly efficient method of water purification

John Steinbeck. East of Eden (New York: the Vikmg Press. 1952
p. 132.

2.

Lawrence
Publishing

A. Frost,

Company,

The Thomas 1969.) p 8.

A. Eaisor\

Album

(Seattle

SuoefK

157

The author (left) Joel Dickinson. 30, holds a Bachelor of Science Mathematics from Dana College, B!air. Nebraska. The inventor (right) Robert Cook, 46, has no formal eajcation but has been a journeyman in the following four trades flatbed web pressman, rotan/ web letter pressman, stereotypist, and rotary offset pressman. (Ordinarily, journeyman status in each of these trades takes
in

five

years to achieve.)

158

THE
SPACE-DRIVE

ANALOG, vol. 65. No. 4,

June 1960

PROBLEM
by JOHN W.

CAMPBELL

JR.

The problem of Space

demonsi'rate
lently

as

any daily newspaper

will clearly
vio-

is

ISOT simply a technical problem, U^s

surcharged with emotional and political tensions.

159

Norman Dean
up
the

setting

space-drive

demonstration model.

problem second, and only incidentally a technical

tions

which,
first

as various philosophers
last

problem. Basically, the

is

have reported over the

six mil-

technical

problem

the easiest

of

lennia of recorded history, are any-

the three.

thing but clear-cut or simple.

that state-

The reasoning behind

ment
ful
is

In the

place, the

most honorcan be a

quite simple; Nature invari-

able and ethical of

men

ably gives an exact correct and truth-

bald-faced

answer
or
is

to

properly

phra'sed

question, always without fear, prejudice,

misinformed himself. Even a man so inhumanly honest as to be able to overcome

liar,
if

he's

dishonesty.

The

technical

completely
bias can
If

any

personal

emotional

problem

simply that of asking Na-

ture the right question.

The

other two aspects of the prob-

lem do not have the same clear-cut simplicity. Both involve human emo-

still be misinformed. you think that there is no emotional problem entailed in the spaceplease think drive problem
.

again,

including

more of the

rele-

84

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FICTION

160

vant

facts. Is

it

lem

to a

man who

an unemotional probhas devoted fif-

Please

note

carefully:

it

is

not

necessary that a space drive has been

teen years to rocket-engine research

and development? To an executive

developed for you to try that little test. Just assume that you did know
that

who
dreds

has

been
the

responsible

for

au-

one had; the point of

is

that sug-

thorizing

expenditure
of
the

of

hun-

gested test

to appreciate that the

of

millions

national

introduction of any true space drive

is

wealth on the development of launching-pad look

at

a red-hot emotional problem.

facilities?

Take
in

careful

The
didn't

buggy-whip
believe,

manufacturers
the
their

the

ads

any this-year's
as Scientific

when
that

Model

issue of such a
.

magazine
.

Ford

appeared,

industry

with the thought in American mind, "These men don't know it yet,
.

but a true space drive has already

been
nil

developed.

All

this

research,

was finished. The fact dawned on them only slowly. But gradually they did come to realize that there was no possible improvement in buggy-whip
design
that

these proposals, are meaningless

could,

by brilliant su-

now."

periority,

regain the dwindling mar-

The Dean Drive demonstration model. The

wire to the
plies
left

sup-

battery current

to operate the sole-

noid-clutch; a varia-

ble transformer gives

speed control of the standard one-quarter

inch

drill

motor.


- 161 -

wasn't a matter of competition with their product; it was the without which buggy whips horse
ket.
It

start

out as men, not computing ma-

chines,

and they remain men with

too,

scientific training.

had no meaning that was innately incompetent to compete. There is no possible brilliant improvement in rocket design that can make it competitive with a true
space
drive.

They,
ful

have emotional prob-

lems, biases, prejudices, and powerdesires.

The

fact

is

perfectly,

and unarguably clear to any rocket Unlike the buggy-whip engineer.

manufacturer,

who

only slowly came

to realize that his industry

no longer
see

existed, the rocket engineer can

at

recently, to talk to I was asked, one session of a seminar series at one of the major technical schools. The series was held at night; it's for professionally employed scientists and engineers who are working toward higher degrees. The group is made

once that rockets are reduced to a very small-time, hobby or specialeffects business. If

up
the

largely

of

chemical
is

engineers;
effort

overall

theme

an

to

you want to
in

drill

study the technique of solving problems,

rather

hole

few

inches

diameter
of hard
type

than education in any

through one hundred

rock, a rocket
is

double-ended

feet

specific field.
I

was

to send

in

far

est,

and away the simplest, cheapmost portable and quickest tech-

problems for the

men

two questionsto work on;

nique.

their answers were sent to me to be graded and returned the evening I

pletely, if a space drive

is,

Put the space rockets are out comof any kind

invented.

participated.

The second
was:

of the two questions

Of

course rocket engineers don't

An

inventor has patented a device

rotary

constitute a very great faction in the

population

even
Now

that converts

motion to uni-

in
I

the population

directional
just

motion.

And he means
motion.
If

of Science.

have been
people,

told,
fre-

that:

//w/di recti on al

many
there there

times,

by many

driven by a motor, this device pro-

quently with considerable heat, that

is

duces one-way thrust.

straps'
lifter.

It

is

a boot-

no such thing
only

as "Science";
scientists.
I

sky hook with eleIt

are

human

don't entirely agree

but

vator attachment.
key's uncle out of

agree that there are

we can all human scientists.

recognition
scientists,

makes a monNewton's law of

action and reaction.

With
there

the

specific

that

Now: assume

for discussion that

may be Martian
for
all

Ri-

the device actually does work. (Laws

gellian scientists,
scientists,

and even Eddorian

we know

but
far

of science have been overthrown before

the
en-

even

old,

established

ones!)

only kind

of scientists

so

Many

other

fundamental principles

countered are

human

scientists.

They

of modern theory would necessarily

86

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FICTION

162

change with the fall of the law of action and reaction. What other consequences to fundamental scientific theory would be implied? One of the answers came from a chemical engineer working in one
of the

not

the
it

scientists

in

general

not

when

means the destruction of the foundations of their science. If one can't rely on the eternal validity of what Newton's Laws of Motion stability is there in the world of Sci. . .

major

oil

refineries

in

the

ence.^ It's not just a space drive; a thing that casts

lidity

it's

New

York

Metropolitan

area.

His

doubt on the va-

reaction was:

of the laws of fluid flow, the

Answer:

conservation of energy, the laws of

bitter

"The most
this

consequence,

if

thermodynamics
the Devil

on

everything!

invention was possible and did

is

"Better the Devil

we know,
not of!"
is

'than

work,

this

would be

hell of a

we know

place to live.
trifugal

The

basic laws of cen-

The

space drive

an emotional

and centripetal action would not hold. There would be no method of predicting the path of planets through the Universe, or of a rocket ship. The laws of fluid flow or mechanical

problem of the highest order, to anyone who has a major emotional investment in auy field of science.
Because to be a space drive

not
but

work would not

is

hold.

In

which simply something

antigravity,

isn't

a drive,

that takes off the

essence, this

the reason
fiction.

why

do

parking brake, so to speak

vice must,
in

the

de-

not

read

science

Scientific

some
space

fashion,

negate
It

curiosity

and fantastic experimentaThis statement was probthe

the
can't

Newtonian laws of motion.

drive
in

tion should be encouraged, but pure

fiction
.
.

without

dras-

tically

ably

made about

work of Leonar-

servation

do da Vinci and Jules Verne, who were forward-looking men of high

caliber,

Law of ConMomentum, and the law of action-and-reaction. And anything that leaks through the Law of
rearranging the

of

but they stayed

within

l^he

Conservation
servation

of

Momentum
Law The

auto-

limits

of reason. Tliis problem ex-

matically challenges the

of Conlaws

ceeds reason."

of

Energy.

of

So far as he knew, the question was purely hypothetical; that I had in mind a specific invention he did not know. His reaction was, dearly, emotional, not technical. The emotion stems from the fact that the proposed device attacks one of the fundamental tenets of his worldpicture.

thermodynamics are based solidly on

those;
invalidate,

or

even seriously

challenge them, and thermodynamics

is

a structure

without a foundation.
based solidly on the
of

Relativity

is

conservation

energy, and electric charge.

momentum, massAny true

space drive throws two of the three

into doubt.

Who
then
}

wants

true

space

drive,
!

This
entist

is

Not

the rocket engineers

And
i-:

feel

something to make a happy and contented?

sci-

THE SPACE

Dn

I.

mom.

87

163

Arrow on the left marks the commutator mechanism; arrow on the right indicates one of the two ten-ounce brass masses.

politician knows the emotional dynamite lying inside that proposition. It isn't his emotion but it's his to deal with, whether he likes it or not.

true

space

drive,
is

just

at

this

point in history,

international po-

"Look,

who

the hell

wants that

damn
,

space drive, anyway?!"

litical dynamite. Several nations, now, have weapons too powerful for use on Earth; if one of those nations, and only one, also had a drive that

gave them

free,

full,

economically
Solar

The

political aspects of the prob-

practical

lem are more

cepted as
the

readily stated
It's

and

ac-

System

access

to

the entire

the concept of "massive re-

realities.

not easy for

life is entirely

taliation"

would be

invalidated.

If

intellectual

man, who believes

nation Alpha has a true space drive,

space-liners

very sincerely, that his

rational, to accept or appreciate that

hci

one that can move ten thousand ton from Earth to Mars in

remains a

human

scientist,

and

three days

five

days
the

if

Mars

that his reactions are emotional.

politician
like that
is

The

the

far

side of

Sun

or

is

on

reach

different;

his

business,

the Asteroids in five days, while nation Beta can't get so

of the dramatist, is largely emotional. He knows he has emotional

much

as
.

one
.

problems

and

that

only

part

man-carrying vehicle into orbit Beta can't talk about "massive

re-

of those emotional problems are his own. It's perfectly true that schools
that flunk out the

give

incompetent, and encouragement to the unusually able, are going to do a

special
better

job for the

nation

but

any

Arrow marks one of the two

contra-rotating

masses; the

second

is

parallel,

obscured

by aluminum-tube support.

164

as a deterrent any more. you think any sane politician would want a true space drive devel-

taliation"

order.

After

all,

as

the

Air Force
fire raids

Do

pointed out in 1946, the

on

Tokyo did more

Nuclear power
than coal.
actually

actual

damage than

oped
try?

in the laboratories of his counIf

it,

the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs.

is still

the scientists of 'Alpha

it's

dethat

more expensive
devices didn't

velop

practically certain
it

The atomic

before a full-scale use of

could be of
if

begun,
security

the

intelligence

agents
it,

achieve,

do anything we couldn't though in a harder way,

Beta would
couldn't

know about
so
//,

even

without them.

were

tight

that

they

space drive does things

at
all

we

can't

know
quite

achieve

any other way.

No

And
tician

clearly

no sane
that

poli-

rocket can carry reaction-mass

enough

would dare suggest

the
a

to maintain a one-gee acceleration all

Great Secret was too hot to keep

secret

suggest
fairly

the

way from here

it

to

that

it

be

freely

here to Neptune.

Mars or from Lack of reaction-

shared with Beta.

"Look,

dammitall

who
that,
if

mass makes
wants
Beta
for
a

effectively impossible

rocket to

do more than the

in

this space drive

It's

now, of

all times.**!"

minutest
a glass rod

maneuvers
is
it

space.

A
of

probable

rocket's course
;

about as flexible as
little,

found that Alpha had a true space would figure their only remaining hope was to force Alpha to her knees before the space drive was developed into use. Sometimes, somehow, a magnificent ineptitude can solve problems that no wisdom could touch.
drive, the Betans
I

can be bent a

course.

Under the concept of

curity,

national se-

publication

of

the

detailed

mechanism of
stitutes

a true space drive con-

an

absolutely

intolerable

breach of secrecy.
Fortunately, magnificent bumbling,

believe the true space drive has

been
breach

discovered,
It's

tested

in

models,
can

and patented.
of

the most colossal

security
I

combined with emotional rejection of the ideas, have led to the publication and open distribution of the
principle.

national

imagine, just offhand; a true space

drive
tire
is

Frankly,
incredibly

think that
it

we

arc most

the well-oiled key to the tn-

Solar System
If

cheap,

fortunate;

would have

quick, and

practical.
in

Fermi

& Company

had,

been suicidal for anyone to suggest releasing such a discovery if it had

ever gotten under Security

1941, gotten a United States Pat-

ent,

published
Office,

by the

Government
precisely

Printing

detailing

U-235, how to manufacture Plutonium, and how to make an atomic bomb, it wouldn't have been a security breach of the same
to purify

how

and almost equally suicidal, I suspect, to try to keep it secret. Can you imagine anyone proposing to give away the Solar System
a NSiihle Solar System, a true space drive!

when
it

there

is

if

were

clear-

TIIE

SPACE DRIVE PROBLEM

89

165

ly

recognized that the invention was

that;
to

ing photographs

show what

saw.
fol-

precisely

the

key to the

full

Please consider carefully the

utilization,

the ownership-in-fcc

simple, of the Solar System?

lowing point; it's crucially important, and anyone seeking to evaluate

Now
and

it's

happened by bumbling
of course, there can
but the critical ilanit

the

point of

this
if

article

mis.ses

resistance,

the

thing

entirely

he

does

not

be screaming, wailing, and explosive

accusations
. .
.

bear this in mind:

1.

The foregoing
emotional

statements alx)ut
political
con.se-

gcr point
It

is

passed;

isn't

a secret.

the

and

wasn't, however, by wise intent

it

cjuences of a space drive arc valid,

that

was

released;

it

was not highsaved

the

whether
2.

Deaff'i

device

is

such

order

statesmanship

that

drive or not.

situation.

The

failure of

any government
a

agent, of any bureau, to inspect the

The

story, in essence,

is

this:
a

working model, or allow

stration

demona

In the

summer of 1956
I

year before Sputnik

over took Mr.

off

of
of

the the

model,

remains

violation

fundamental

doc-

Norman L. Dean, of Washington, D. C, applied for a patent on a device for converting rotary

trine of Science,

whether the device

works or

not.

motion

to

unidirectional motion.

It is my man Dean

present belief that Nor-

has majJe a major breakthat's

He
terest

tried, naturally

enough,

to in-

through discovery;

personal

government agencies in his discovery. He was still trying in July, 1959, when the patent was finally granted, and the United
various

opinion, based on observational data,

which

is

more than the government

have to back their contrary opinion, but remains an opinion of

scientists

States

Government
it

Printing
to

OHke
with

made
it.

available

anyone

one individual. But that no government

either

agency

twenty-five cents and a desire to see

accepted

demonstration, or

Dean had
British

also,

naturally, applied

bothered to inspect the device, until

after the patent
it

for
that

and German patents by

time.

was published, and had been discussed in the Decem-

To get from almost any Government building to Mr. Dean's residence is a fifty cents taxi ride. Mr. Dean has a working demonstrator model at his home; it's been there
while
various

ber,
It's

1959

editorial,
fact.

is

not opinion.

checkable
thing

The

Galileo

fought

for

the thing for which Science has hon-

ored him, classified him as a martyr

of
Science

and

sundry

governlook
at

was
;

the

fundamental
data
the

ment agencies
it.
I

busily didn't

proposition that demonstration must

be accepted
ilrovc tlown

that observational

from the

New

^'ork

must

never

be

suppfes.sed

for

area to take a look; the atconipany-

sake of Authority and Theory.

90

ASTOUNDING SCIENCfe JFlCTION

166 -

The

scientists

of

the

National
fiinda-

Aeronautics
for

and Space

Administrafought.

cifically

His demonstration model is spedesigned to be just that

tion specifically violated that

ilemonstration model
for

Its not

made

incntal

which

Galileo

maximum
be
a

efiuit nty,
it's

lightness,

They wouldn't look. Neither would the

Research.

compactness, or beauty;
Office of

designed

Naval

to
in

completely open-work unit,

clearly visible.
lift

which every component and operis

Neither did anyone from the Senate Space

ation
It

haps
tunity

Committee. Which is perSenate more remarkable a

;

does nnf
to.

itself;

it

isn't

in-

tended

(Committee that
to
is

rejected

an

oppor-

investigate

something!

Who
is

Norman
really
a

I..

Dean
a

Well, the
that
he's

important
not
a

thing

At this time, he has no operable models that do lift themselves; he has photographs of models that did. In measuring engineering performance factors, to get
tested

Mr.,

Dr.;

he
de-

necessary engi-

doesn't even

have

bachelor's

neering data, these motlels had to be

to destruction

gree in science. Obviously incapable

and were.

of doing any useful

ing.

scientific think-

No

ncetl to investigate /vf ideas.

Mr. Dean's primary education and

experience have been in business; he,

The
a

fact that

he

is,

professionally,

major executive in the Federal Housing Administration, specializing in mortgage appraisal, indicates that he can, however, do some very coBut
ist

with that orientation,

larly

is

not particu-

interested

in

the

space

drive

feature.

device capable of producreaction

a (lay,

ing force without

eral

has sev-

gent thinking indeed.

in his

million

work

down-onEarth.

at

work

an

machine, he
that,

is

hobbyso

Earth uses; the heavy-industry use of

the

amateur.

He's

Dean

drive

will

be on

much of an amateur
Icnge
of
the

unlike the

Space applications will be, so far as

the economics of the matter go,
a

professional, he could, and did, chaf-

fundamental

assumptions
amateur,

minor side

line.

physics.

Being

an

he

X
from

rays, electronics, cyclotrons

and

does not have any appreciable emotional

electron

microscopy
the

all

stemmed

investment in the validity of

I'araday's

development of the
transformer, and the
the
great

Newton's

he had against challenging them.

His device

Laws;

no block

generator,

motor.

They have been

applications

the
for

patent

number
it

is

new-fields

of

electric

2,886,976 and you can get

the United States

from
Print-

power.
Radio, television and radar
arc

Government
twenty-five

these
But
horseappli-

ing
will,

Office

cents

new and wonderful

spinning
is

things.

when driven by

a rotating shift,

what keeps the power house generators

produce a thrust without and opposite reaction.

an

ecjual

the

heavy

power demands of
on
i, i:

industrial

HE

r A

c:

I)

i.

p n

91

- 167

i.iti<)iis

like

clcdric

hc.itiii.i:.

ilriviii^

The Dean
ii

drive

is

machine
jobs that
tio
.

tools,
fire

iml

iloini:

similar
toiild

vice that generates a

lifts if

simply a de one-way force;

it

or steam

power
)r

you point up, but

desired
direction,

pushes
without
reac

hut

not as well

as ((Ui

in

any

vcniently.

It's

not
uses

the

new

aiul

need of something to take the

tion
force.

glamorous
tint!

that

the

meuawatl
as

There

isn't

any.

hours; the hi/^^est

hroailcastin^ sta

Dean's engineering data indicatetl

that,

throws out only about

as
is

nuu h
wafts

neglecting

friction

losses

power
tric

used

in a ilomestie elec-

system.

I'ifty

thousand

sounds bi^;
that's

my home draws

12^ am-

which are simply a matter of design, not principle, and therefore highly 50 horsepower engine variable a
1

peres at 230 volts on occasion, and

could develop

6,000 pound

thrust.

28,730 watts.
use of the

My
Dean

automobile has approximately

The heavy-duty
drive, as

Dean

is

businessman enough
not
in glamorous however impor-

to

rcco/^nizc,

is

space-exploration
tant that

100 horsepower, and weighs approximately 5,800 pounds. Allowing a fifty per cent loss due to mechanical friction, that means that the car
could
drive,

may be
the

in

human

history

be

ec|uipped

with

Dean

but

in

sluu^ing,

heavy,

hard

work of the world; simply lifting thin;s that have to be moved; for
inilustrial

ation

and come up with an accelerof one gee. The passengers

need
not
seat-belts,

would

but

material handling

deviiis.

strapped in cocoon.
celeration
rest to

The ^ad^et
ship will be
lift

that can drive a space-

The one-gee acwould mean going from

flat
. .

more often needed

to

about sixty-five miJes an hour

seconds
.

a massive steel girder into place.

a

in

three

and

it

With
could
into
If

Dean
a

drive unit on the an\

would, of course, mean braking

tion that
slickest

ac-

of a fishpole-like control rod. a

lead
place.

man

would stop the

of
glare
ice,

car,

on the

100-ton

bridge-girder

in

the

same
If

three seconds, in a distance of about

you've

used

an

ordinary
at
all,

one-

one hundred and

passengers
place,

fifty

feet.

the
into

c^uartcr-inch electric drill

you

weren't

cocooned

have probably run into the problem

that the drill

they'd

need

hospitalization,

was willing to work

lo-

however.

but you couldn't, becau.sc of the

cation,
bit

By compari.son; the maximum possible

put enough pressure on

the

acceleration
is

with

rubber

tires

to

make it cut. It's easy enough make a motor and chuck capable
to
bit
.

on dry concrete

about 0.2 gee; the

is

maximum
tion of

braking

about

0. i

gee.
fric-

of turning a two inch drill

That's simply the coefficient of

but how, with a portable unit, can

rubber on concrete.

you

apply

the

sort
a

of

pressure

it

Obviously, the device would also

allow airplanes to leave their wings
.behind;
a

takes to

make such

device bite into

a steel girder?

true
.S

hovering
EN
C:

machine

92

ASTOUNDING

C: I

FICTION

168 -

m
Commutator mechanism of the Dean Drive demonstrator.
capable
feasible.

!?

of

Mach

10

is

perfectly

turned on.

The

simplest device for

These, not the space applications,

will be the really

major applications
*a It

showing that is an onlinary bathroom scale. There's no pretense that this is an accurate measuring device;
it's

of the device.

We've been needing

for

intended to establish merely that

force
is

portable sky hook

looks like

centuries;

some considerable
erated.

l^eing gen-

Dean

has one.

Dean's demonstration mode!

pair

is

in-

The photographs show that what saw was not illusion.

The
principle of operation
is,

tended to show the principle; that a

of
counter-rotating
in his

of

eccentric

course,

what's

in

dispute.

Science

masses can,

system, generate a

holtis the device to

non-reactive force.

The
it

simplest
l(^

way
that

of

non-existent

be a "not-memlxr nonclass" a

of demonstrating

is

show
.

existent class of

"devices that tlon't

some of the weight of goes somewhere

.
.

his
.

machine

conform

to the

Law

of Conservation

when
o
H
I.

it's

of Momentum."-

HE

SPACE

1)

i:

r H

93

169 -

ilo

not iiiulcrstanil

Mr.

Dcmu's

believe,

however,

that

very

theory very ilcarly;

pression
is

my

pcrstmal imluuler-

broad, general explanation of the direction to look for an explanation

possible.
Essentially,
is

that

he doesn't
(lie

stand the thin^ in a theoretical sense,

himself.

But then
never
tlid

Roman

en
tiie

the devite consists of

^inecrs
physical
setting

understaiul

two
shafts

counter-rotating
rotating
in

masses,

on

chemistry

underlying

the
that

light

frame, as

of

mortar.

(And

for

matter,

modern
it;

physical

chemistry

shown on page 9*1. Now such a gimmick has been used to generate
a

doesn't either!)
to

Dean
he

doesn't

have
it

powerful oscillating force

force generated

in

one

understand

can

make
he

plane; the horizontal vectors of centrifugal

work.
every

As

businessman,
to
sell

has

by the two

immensely useful, workable device, whether its understandable or not whether it's
reason

an

eccentric masses will always be equal

and opposite, so that there

vectors
alone,

is

no net

horizontal force. But the vertical force

rational,

or not.

That chemical en-

add;

with

this

mechanism
powerful

gineering student

may be

right; per-

Dean would

get a

haps

"beyond reason." A thing doesn't have to be reasonable to be

it

is

up-and-down
force at a

oscillation, the

upward

force being equal to the

later

downward
Useful for

useful.

instant.

How

to

make two masses and a

solenoid

add up

to

a three-body problem.

Vector
94

\J,

VJ,

9nol

V^ ^ Ia4 -

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FICTION

. 170

driving

sliakcr-tablcs

for

vibration

phase-angle such that the horizontal

vectors are cancelled, and the vertical

tables, but

nor for getting anywhere.

centrifugal
is

Now
to

the great trouble with efforts

force
insists

vector
to

is

make

yield

equal
masses.

the

upward, and exactly weight of the two

net resultant

that

it

on add-

ing up, through a

actly zero. If

full

^60, to expart

you

try accelerating the

At that instant, the light framework can be moved upward without exerting any force on the
masses.
In

weights
trifugal

at

some

particular

of

their rotation, thus

force,

changing the cen-

the

demonstration

model,

the force used in ac-

small solenoid, activated by a com-

celerating and decelerating

them then
if

mutator,

moves the frame carrying

does not have to exert any

proves to balance out, very neatly

sadly,

the two masses, at the required instant.

It

the added centrifugal force. Oh, the centrifugal force is great enough! Centrifugal force can, with-

force

whatever

on

the
It

masses;

it

does not

move them.

moves

their

out any trouble

tensile
steel

at

all,

tear a

highIn

centers of rotation.

wheel
of

into

shreds.

the

super-centrifuges,

they

develop

accelerations

2,000,000 gee and

to

more.

The
up

trouble

is

make

it

not add
is

to zero.

What we need
rectifier

someadds
a

thing like a
electric

for alternating

current;
exactly

ordinary
too,

AC

And what the effect of that is, no modern mathematical analysis is competent to determine. Reason: Dean's converted the problem into a "three-body problem," and that's one that mathematical techniques have never been able to handle. The two masses, in Dean's machine,

up
full

to

zero,

through

are

forced

to

rotate

about
si-

360

but

with a

rectifier,

you

two

different centers of rotation

can get

DC

output.
is

mtdtaneously.

Dean's device

quite simple; you

When Newton
had, buried under

did his work, he

it

simply can not push those weights

all,

an unstated,
that

around to make the centrifugal forcp come out unbalanced, without using a force equal to and opposite from
the added centrifugal force.

and

unanalyzed

assumption;

there was, of course, one, and only

But

what happens

if,

instead

of moving the masses, you

ceuter oj
rotdt'inti ?

vwve
has

the

The
mass;
a

center
it's

of

rotation

no

geometrical concept, not

it

one possible frame of reference. The whole of Newtonian and Classical physics rested on that assumption; it worked fine until toward the end of the nineteenth century; in the beginning of the twentieth century it was really in trouble.
Einstein
correctly

material entity. Pushing

recpiire

around

spotted,

(locsn't

force.

challenged

the

assumption,

and and
unre-

In the

rotation

of those counteris

showed how
.solvable

to handle

many

rotating masses, there

a particular

problems, in terms of mulli-

THE

p A c K D n

F,

1'

non

i.

95

171 -

pie

frames-of- reference.

But

n-body problem.
the

It

can be done

if

with one underlying catch, liinstcin

numbers are
it

large

enough,

by

had no mathematical
to

tools

competent
relation-

handling

statistically.

analyze more than one

at

Two
aren't
tical

counter-rotating brass weights

ship

time;

therefore

he

was
re-

numerous enough
however.

for

statis-

forced to simplify the problem of

ality

analysis,

by saying "there

is

no simul-

Actually,

taneity."

tem of physics
where
fects.
it

our whole present syswithout Dean's is,

help, rapidly approaching a situation

The
solved,

three-body problem can't be

befliuse

must acknowledge gross dehas, to date, sort of sidled

we have no

techsi-

It

niques competent to handle the

around
rectly at

them,

without

looking

di-

multaneous interactions of A,
C. That's

15,

and

them

but

the situation re-

why

astronomers, trying to
orbits,

mains.
It
is

compute planetary
it

have to do
First

impossible

to

express

the

by successive approximations.

horsepower output of any reaction

engine, either rocket or
stick to the
jet,

figure the orbit of

Venus

as

though

but

let's

only Venus and Sol

existed.

Then

pure rocket.
is,

compute the effects of Earth-Moon on that orbit. TTien correct the assumed Earth-Moon orbit for the effects of Venus on it, and then recorrect the orbit of Venus for the
perturbed orbit of Earth.

The

trouble

horsepower
time-unit.

is

de-

fined as

work per
is

Work,
a

however,
distance:

defined as fo rce-th rough

W=:FS. Now
a

consider

rocket

delivering

thrust
trip
is

of

one

Then com-

pute the effect of Mercury, and*-

Our mathematics can handle any

two
bodies
at

time

any

one

from Earth one mile per second relative to Earth, and ten miles per second relative to Mars.
thousand units, on a
to Mars. Its velocity

double-ended relationship.

What horsepower
gine delivering.^

is

the rocket en-

But

it

can

tiot

handle simultaneous
said,

multiple relationships.

"There aren't any." It was a simplifying assumption which made the problems manipulable, and was justified by the
Einstein

So

two

Well, of course if you consider different frames of reference,

you're

bound

to

get

different
. .

an.

swers! Einstein showed that

great advantage gained

thereby.
like statis-

Yes, but Einstein said you weren't allowed to consider both simultaneously; the real-universe fact
is

But Einstein never did

tical

that

mechanics;
did,
in

the

nuclear
In

physi-

the rocket does have a relationship

to both Earth

cists

however.

nucleonics,

and Mars

at all times.

you can't consider one-thing-at-a-time; you arc

solid-state

and

physics,

Just because you don't

to be able to

know enough
inter-

comprehend the

forced

to

consider

multiple-simulthe

action doesnt

make

that

interaction

taneous

relationships,

general

cease to exist!

96

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FICTION

172 -

Let's

power
ter

which
is

go from the matter of horseis,

Note
kinetic

that while the greater

added

after

all,

nice,

simple, linear function

to the mat-

energy appears with respect to the Mars frame of reference, tin

tnotfietitum or etier^y
is

of kinetic energy. Since kinetic

a

being trans-

energy
has

cjuadratic

function

ferred between the ship and

Mars

at

KE=l/2MV2 that
et

Earth-Mars rockFor
a

the time.
its

The
is

ship

is

reacting against
if

another

peculiarity.

exhaust gases, not Mars. But,

given change

in velocity, the kinetic

that ship

energy changes by two very different amounts. If kinetic energy is energy,

going to land on Mars, that kinetic energy change must be

accounted for
at

that

time.
is

and energy is conserved kinetic energy do wc have conservative about?

.
.

which to be

W^hich kinetic energy value

servative

conor

the

ship-Harth

value,

the ship-Mars value.-'

Photographs of the weighing scale. These shots were taken with a 105mm down through the entire demonstrator; the out-of-focus mass at the lower left is the handle of the drill. The exposures were on Panatomic X film, l/30th second at F2.5. On the left the solenoid mechanism is off; on the right the solenoid mechanism is turned on. The
F2.5 Nikor telephoto lens, reaching
shutter

speed involved

is

of importance, as

is

the use of the

105mm

lens;

a shutter speed, if the scale were merely vibrating to a different weight-r6^ading, the fme two-pound interval lines would not be sharp and distinct; it's difficult to hold a 35mm camera with a telephoto lens sufficiently steady for l/30th second, but forcing the conditions In this way
at so slow

assured that any vibration of the scale would most certainly register clearly.

173 -

Einstein's

entire theoretical

strucis

powerful rejection on the part of any

ture breaks

down

if

simultaneity

imposed as a rec^uiremcnt, just as Newton's broke down under the requirement of more than one frame
of reference.

human being with a heavy emotional investment in "known laws of physics." It always appears, when one
first

encounters

such

thing,

that

all the old values

destroyed
They
for those
tire

have been crushed swept away.

of
course

What happens
when,
in
is

to centrifugal force,
a

haven't,

except
their en-

one

cycle,

pair of brass

who have pinned

system
in

weights

forced to rotate about two

centers

value

to

pure

theory.

non-identical

of
is

rotation?

Electronic
transit

engineers,

computing

What amount

of force

required to

time

ordinary

vacuum
as

displace a geometrical concept?

tubes, don't use Einsteinian concepts;

his

When
proposals,

Mr.
a

Dean submitted
physicist

Newtonian work
always
range.
did,

fine,

just

they

of

National

within

their

proper

Aeronautics
tion

and Space Administrathat

his

reported

mathematics

was unsound. You know, personally I'm inclined to agree with that physicist on one
thing;
I,

We've known for a century or more that our mathematics wasn't

able to solve
the three-body

prob-

lem;
er or

it's

perfectly obvious that soon-

too,

think

Dean's mathe-

unsound. The point of disagreement is that I'm darned sure fhe physicist's mathematics is incompetent; all modern mathematics is! I have lots of positive evidence that
matics
is

later we're going to have to develop a technique of analysis that can handle such problems. And

equally clear, from

science,

all

the history of

that

that

new

technique

will, applied to old

totally

problems, yield

no one can solve a three-body problem a bit better than Mr. Dean can. What Dean has done is to present
the physicists with a device that im-

new and

far

more general

understandings.
It just happens that, apparently, an amateur experimenter has come up with a device that belongs in the set of devices that would be normal

poses

three-body
is

problem.
as

Their

mathematics
to

just

incompetent

handle

it

as

Dean's
it

but

Dean

consequences
fore

of

multiple-simul-

isn't trying to

solve
it

mathematically.

taneous-relationship mathematics, be-

He's applying
is

cngineeringly, which

we

achieved such an analytical

somewhat
the

different.

His machine
perfectly

solves

problem
is

and

technique.

The

theoretical physicists couldn't

the

answer

rectified

centrifugal

solve the

problems of neutron be-

force.

havior in a thermal-energy-level moderated nuclear reactor mathematically.

Understandably, the emotional impact of the concept that such a device

actually
exists
is

That

is,

obviously, a multiple-simul

one

that

leads

to

taneous-rclationship

problem.

To

98

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FICTION

174

handle the problem, they used what amounts to a rulc-of-thumb enginw^^

ing-style

rfientallf In errof;

it

is

essential,

in

cosmological

physics,

to

consider
reference.

technique;

they

called

it

more than one frame of

Einstein demonstrated

the *'Monte Carlo System."

lette

roii^

that.

wheel proved to be a fine anacomputer for the problem. I think Dean's device is a true space drive; that it does work.
log

But since our laws of conservation from Newtonian concepts they are suspect anyway, and were before Deaifs device came along.
stem
It is

But
is

know no modern

physicist

already a
is

known

fact that our

competent to make a theoretical analysis of any system involving

multiple-simultaneous
interactions

mathematics
eral,

incapable of handling

the three-body problem

relationships,

or, in

gen-

the problem of n simultaneous

and that there

of binary stars
there
are,

are,

in the universe,

where n

is

greater than

precisely such systems.

is

The number
very large;
trinary

one.

We

can't, actually,

handle true

very,

simultaneous

equations;

we

can

also,

many

staN
$ta^

"solve" simultaneous equations only

for those points at

systems.

On

such systems have

which they are

but
identical

ble planetary systems?

not
i.e.,

simultaneous,

Since no serious effort has been

the points of intersection.

I

made
not,

to crack the problem,

actually,

we do
the
in

While
ing
SI

was

in

Washington

tak-

know

whether

careful look at Dean's gadget,

energy-interchange
the

relationships

Solar

cyclic,

System are progressive, or what. We simply cannot

compute the positions of the Solar

planets either 10,000,000 years ago,

I went around to the Senate Space Committee, and to the Office of Naval Research. Both agencies had a file on Mr. Dean and his efforts to

or

10,000,000 years hence, by that laborious system of successive ap-

proximations.

they do those calon the assumption that momentum and energy must be conserved. But which kinetic energy of that Earth-Mars rocket is to be

And

even so

culations

conserved

?
is

The

essence of the situation

orthodox physics likes it or not that our Laws of Conservation of Energy and Mo-

whether

modern

some attention paid to his device. Again I emphasize; // is not important whether Dean is right or wrong; what is important is that the agencies did not find out. The Space Committee's file apparently shows that the idea was referrcd to a National Aeronautics and Space Administration scientist. His report was that Dean's mathematics was unsound; in other words, Dean's proposal was rejected on the grounds
get

of
the

pHire

theoretical

consideration.

That's the same grounds on which

mentum
cases of

are,

in

fact,

very

special
realities.

Church Fathers
and'

rejected Galileo's
to

much more
already

general

proposals,

refused

look

Newton we

know was

funda-

through his telescope.

THE SPACE-DRIVE PROBLEM

90

175

it

At the Oflicc of Naval Research, was first suggested that I see the
is

National Inventor's Council. This

and that his explanawere unsound, had reacted somewhat irritatedly. This, of course,
impossible,
tions

a government agency set up for the primary purpose of serving as an

immediately
tell

prejudiced

the

ONR
if

scientists against

him. Clearly,

which to divert screwballs, nuisances. assorted crackpots, and

alley into
It's

man he
the

is

you wrong, and explain

facts

carefully

theoretical

that

very

effective;
it

psychologically

speaking,

has the stopping |x)wer

It's

prove his device doesn't exist, and he gets annoyed he having the

of

warm

tar.

too soft to break,

working model
the time
is

sitting beside

and too viscous to move. Remember the famous La Brea tar pits stopped mammoths, saber-toothed tigers, and
practically everything else that lived
at that time.

is

him

at

this

proves that he really

wrong.

There

a widely believed legend

I

You
went

can find them

to the

still

how
don't
It

it

ever got started I'm sure

embalmed
Instead,

there to this day.

I

know

that only crackpots

and

ONR

de-

fanatics get angry

when

they're told

partment dedicated to evaluation of proposed inventions. I ran an editorial here recently about an research report, pointing out that the fundamental atti-

they are wrong.

might be helpful

if all

science

students were required to study, as

part of their college indoctrination,

ONR

the papers of Galileo and the Church

tude of the

ONR
is

was that

theoretical

Fathers

who were
him.

kindly, but firmly

understanding

absolutely necessary

On

before any invention can be made. indirect contact with the

ONR

ventions

evaluations
that

found
their

department I philosophy dominates

If

evaluations.

the

device

or

principle cannot be explained in full,

clear,

Also some of the choicer bits of Newton's and Hooke's remarks concerning the mental competence of their opposers. As I say, no one from either NASA, or ONR, or the Senate Space Committee bothered to look at the
correcting
device.
It

acceptable
*

theoretical

terms,
ii

was explained
all

to

me

that

why,

under

that

philosophy,

they were

much

too busy.

doesn't exist as an invention.

Perhaps
oly,

it is,

actually, fortunate; a

dog can't explain the theoreti/cal enzyme chemistry of digestion; therefore, dearly, a dog can't digest
anything.

true space drive, as a national

monop-

From

the

ONR
I

representative to

whom

spoke,

gathered that Mr.

told

Dean, when he had been

lettcr-^in a kindly but firm

by

might have precipitated the nuclear war. But if Dean is right, the ONR, NASA and the Senate Space Committee just co-operated in giving away the key to the Solar System
, .
.

if

hot to the

stars.

(Einstein's

work
if

that his device

manner was mathematically

kcc^ted the laws of conservation;

they are not valid, then perhaps the

100

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FACT

& rtCTIOM

m
speed-of-light limitation isn't cither.)

doing what he was not

told to do.

specilically

The important
this:

point right

now

is

government agency knows about whether Dean's device works. Tliey fhhik they do, on
anything
the
at all

No

ing

it

That means not- investigatfulfills, one hundred per cent,

very rarely indeed that some-

the requirement of pain-avoidance.

It's

basis

of

theory

but

there

is

one

in

Government can

stick

his

plenty of reason to suspect that theory

is

neck out, and achieve something over

as airtight as a slice of

Swiss cheese.

That it fits Reality the way plane geometry fits the Earth's surface
only in local areas.

and above his assignment. The last notable instance was Admiral Rickover's remarkable achievement of
forcing the
pulsion.

Washington
of mind;
it

is

a fascinating state

As

Navy into nuclear prois now well known, he

operates purely on the

principle.

very nearly had his career crushed by

the high-brass opposition; Congress

pain-avoidance

Animals

operate on two fundamental drives

saved his bacon,

not

"grateful"

pain-avoidance afid pleasure-seeking.

Navy.

Each tempers the other;

"two-party'' system.
attack a water
buffalo,

it's

a sort of
lion will

The best-known
of course,
is

previous instance,

Thus a

that of Billy Mitchell

seeking the

who was
he was
superior

court-martialed for proving

pleasure of a full meal, despite the

fact that the buffalo
is

right, against the orders of his

oflicers.

an enormously,
in that situaleast

That time. Congress

has the interest-

powerful and dangerous animal. The

pain-avoidance drive
tion,
is,

didn't act.

Our government
great determination
is

overcome, or

at

greatly

ing characteristic of holding

modified,

by

the

pleasure-seeking

with

that

monopoly

drive, so tliat the lion will take the

risk.

an

evil,

and, through the Federal

Trade Commission, enforcing comis

In Washington, there

only the

petitive situations. But, of course, this

pain-avoidance drive.

bureaucrat

doesn't apply to them; government

who

docs exactly what his directives

require,

bureaus mustn't be subjected to competition

!

specifically

nothing else
can't fire

and absolutely neither more nor less

fired.

--avoids the pain of being

You

him

for failure to accom*

hctve

plish

what might

been done;

and the Sendo have competition; the twoparty system is the only method that seems to work. Animal life, in the
course. Congress
ate

Of

you can fire him only for not doing what his orders require.
Since nobody, in any government
agency, had specific instructions "Investigate

course of the last four billion years,

has tried a lot of systems

but

the
bi-

two-party
ingly

technique,
the race.

known

as

sexual reproduction, has overwhelm-

won

and

evaluate

the

Dean
for not

constitute the

Male and female mutual "loyal opposi-

drive,"

no one can be

fired

tion"; they arc absolutely forced to

THE SPACE-DRIVE PROBLEM

101

177 -

co-opcrale, if they

their genetic existence,

want to coiUinuc and yet are so

mathematical
the problem

technique can handle

I'd

make

a wild guess-

constituted

tliat

they cannot possibly

timate that they must have cost

in the

him

fall into identical

viewpoints.
a

A man
a

can't

think

like

woman, nor

neighborhood of 5100,000. No, they're not big. But a selfjob

requires
six
rolor-jxiirs.

woman
to

like a

man, no matter how

a

lifting

desperately each wants to; they have

work out

binocular viewpoint

with the associated driving gearing, commutators, ct cetera. Try building

a
little

that integrates

two inherently

differ-

six-cylinder gasoline engine

it

ent understandings.

by hand, and see what

costs

say

That
won't
It

is

the only

known,

practical

technicjue for assuring that orthoiloxy

set in

and
is

crystallize.

Ford Falcon engine in a commercial machine shop. The complete I'alcon costs about two
just duplicate the little

doesn't matter,

for this point,

It's

thousand

dollars;

think

you could

whether Dean

right or wrong.

hand-tool the engine alone for even

twice that?

quite. obvious that

anyone who did

present a true break-through concept

in

terms of a working space drive

in

would be rejected
the reasons

precisely

the

manner Dean has been,

for precisely

anyone with a breakwill be stopped by the Orthodoxy effect. But someone like Dean, who is also a darned sight
through idea

Dean

or

Dean

has.

more
that

successful

They
ileo

are precisely the reasons Galrejected.

isn't

than top-notch physicists

Einstein
to

was

An Orthodoxy
ligious;
a
it's

something

re-

True

Faith,

something associated with whether that faith refer

working out his tax.? has economic resources by which he could

force a

remember had have help income

in

business

man

way through

to test his ideas.

^o a religious concept, or a
lief in certain

True Be-

(I've heard, since,

from four other

Laws of Nature.
is

men who had

has
build

ideas closely paralleling

Now

Mr. Dean

an excellent and

Dean's, but didn't have the

successful

business

man;

he

and

test

models.)
can,

money to As Dean

achieved considerable success financially

-in

said, "If they

continue to refuse to
I

his

own

right.

He's got the

expensive,

pay attention,
full-scale

money

it

takes

to build

vehicle,

carefully

machined test-models and anyone who thinks that's a small-time hobby expense has never hired a machine shop to do work for him.
els

and will, build a and hover over

that: he'll prob-

Washington
(Side

until they do."

comment on
a

ably be forced
for violating

down, and
restricted

arrested
air-space,

Mod-

are expensive; just from looking the

photographs of Dean's exmodels the ones that had to be

at

to

tested

destruction
data,

to obtain

en-

gineering

since

no

modern

is impounded where no one can get at it. If he goes up to an altitude where they can't reach him, they won't mind; who'll see it one hundred miles up?)

while his vehicle

102

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FACT & FICTION

178

Now
gravity;

what Dean
it's

has,

is

not anti-

If they

d6

so,

it

will const iiulc an ad-

a drive.
to

mission that

it
is

merits testing -and,

Anyone here want

make any

of

cx)urse,
it

it

then acknowlcdgcil
in the

large-size bets that the secret of anti-

that

should ha\c been tested

of 1956.

gravity hasn't already been cracked by

summer

(NASA
llicy diiln

is
I

r.ff

that

some backwoods
teur

who

unorthodox

amawell?
afford

hook, of course;

exist in

isn't, as

Dean

is,

a highly
as

1956. But they have been arounti for

competent

business

man

some

time,

now

.iiid

existed before issued.)

How many
building?

individuals, can

the patent was public

ly

$100,000 worth of private test-model

Again,

it's

going

to take a lc/*isla-

tive act, not a .scientific act, to get the

device tested.
Tliere are other fields of science

The

scientific

groups
it

are forced to maintain "Testing

is

where things are under even "better" monopoly control; the physical scientists do not very frequently run into a brilliant amateur with more money than they have. But he medical society has things sewed up even tighter; the brilliant amateur with money can be stopped legally from demonI

and never was, within the of our directive; you cant say
not,

limits
ire' re

responsible for trying

it."

Because Russia's

new
lish

scientific

effectively

years old

only

system is about twenty

it

hasn't had time to estabit

a solid orthodoxy. Tlierefore

gets

st-ating his achievement.

Russia has out-achieved the United

States so far in the

good and solidly! every so often, and gets things done, however unhappily.

nudged

but

development of

We
project

don't.

Our

satellite

program,
Project,

new

techniques. Furiously as the in-

for instance, the

Vanguard

tellectual-scientists despise the system

not only turned out to be a

whereby

politicians can legislate for

or against scientific beliefs

senko controversy, for

the Lyexample the

"Me Too"

it

never did succeed in do-

wry

fact

is

that

it

has produced soiVie

results. It

took action by Congress to

get Admiral Rickovcr off the hook;

the problem of whether or not nuclear

Navy said they were going to do. Not one full-scale Vanguard satellite was put up in orbit during the International Geophysical Year; they never did accomplish what they had loudly and publicly stated
ing what the
they would do.

propulsion should be used

in

the

Navy was

was resolved in favor of the United Slalcs only hy

problem
it

and

technical-scientific

We
But

got

satellites

up only

after

howls of anger
this

public and legislative

at

not

scientific!

Russia's success.

lef^is/^f/ve rtclion.

time

think the Orthodox

The

probability

that

ONR

or

Science system has

giously

flopped so egre-

NASA
ly
test

will, at this late date, willing-

accept the

Dean device
is

for actual

and study,

vanishingly small.

may be done. By sheer Orthodoxy refusal to conthat

something

pulled so screaming a boner

THE SPACE-DRIVE PROBLEM

103

179

sider the possibility that tl)cir theory

but the pressure hull was perfectly intact.

might be inadequate they never found out about the Dean drive. Our cover shows what could have been done and still could be done,

Stout

stuff,

a sub's pressure hull.

And
tection

very fine stuff indeed as proagainst

the average meteor;

hull

the

light

streamlining

would

for that matter.

A
ship;

modern nuclear-powered
relatively

sub-

stop the micrometcors, of course. Not even four jeet of steel woulil stop primary cosmic rays, of course

marine needs only

adaptations to
it

minor

make an

ideal space-

has everything needed, save

for the space drive.

but those inches of armor steel would have considerable damping effect on the Van Allen radiation belt
. . .

The Dean

drive requires a rotary

effects.

shaft drive; our nuclear submarines

The
tliirty

nuclear submarines have

al-

turn nuclear energy into heat, pro-

ready been tested with full crews for

duce steam, drive

a turbine,

and gen-

continuous days out of contact

air-

erate electric power. Electric

power
are

is

with Earth's atmosphere; their

cycling equipment
is

perfect for running the

Dean

drive.

already in place,

The modern submarines

we

and functions
ence
if

perfectly.

What

differ-

have learned from past sad experiencesequipped with lifting eyes so

that, in

the "out of contact" situation

involves submersion in water, instead

event of accidental collision,

is

of in space

.*'

Pontoons can be towed in place, sunk beside the ship, and hitched to the built-in lifting eyes, and the ship refloated. The eyes are, of course, designed into the ship so that the structure can be lifted by those eyes without structural
possible.

quick salvage

The modern
in fact, a fully

nuclear submarine

is,

competent space-vethe

hicle
drive.

lacking only

Dean

With
it

the

Dean

drive, the ship, if

at all,

can
a

lift off

Earth

can gener-

damage

to the hull.

ate

one-gee vertical
is

acceleration.

Dean

drive junits could be attached

Since that acceleration operations for months

being generif

directly to the existent tyos.

ated by engines capable of continuous sub-

The

pressure hull of
is

modern

not years

marines
its

designed to resist at least six hundred feet of water pressure;

actual thickness
is

at a time, the acceleration can simply

a piece of classi-

fied data, of course, but

we

can guess-

be maintained for the entire run; there would be no period of free-fall for the ship or crew. Therefore the present ship structure, equipment,
auxiliary designs
satisfactory.

must be at least four inches thick. After the second Bikini bomb test, the old submarine Skate was still
timate
it

and would be entirely (Plumbing facilities satas yet!)

in pretty fair condition;

the light-

isfactory for use in free-flight haven't

meUl
104

streamlining hull looked like

.

been designed

Also, a sub

the remains of an airliner crash

has various plumbing devices with

ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FACT & FICTION


- 180

built-in locks so the

equipment can be

since spare water has to be carried

used under conditions where the external pre;sure is widely different

anyway, the ship could take off with the spare water in the form of ice;
it

from the
lift

internal.

takes considerable heat-energy to

In flight, the ship would simply

melt,-*say,

out of the sea,

rise

vertically,

Before

it

one hundred tons of ice. was melted, the ship would

if

maintaining a constant 1,000 cms/

sec/sec drive.

be

at

an altitude that would,

neces-

Halfway
course,

to Mars,

it

would loop

its

the rest of the

way

at the

and decelerate same rate.

free-

allow direct discharge of the steam into the thin upper atmosphere, until the balloon could be inflated.
sary,

To

the passengers, and to the equipthere

As
been

a crash

ment aboard,
flight

would be no

done
first

program,
if

this could

have

work

started

when

problems.
is

Dean
fifteen

applied for his patent

in

one factor that has to be taken into account, however; the exhaust steam from the turbine has to be recondensed and returned to the
There
boiler. In the sea, sea

months.

The

application

went

in in July, 1956; fifteen months later would have been October, 1937.

Under the
trip

acceleration conditions

water
in

is

used

described above, a ship can

to cool

the condenser;
is

space no

from Earth

to Mars,

make the when Mars

cooling water
silvcrcd sphere

available.

is closest,

in less than three days.

And

In the cover picture, the

is

huge semiit's

the condenser;

plastic-film balloon silvered

the sunward

on one

side,

and blackened on
condenser balloon
is

the other. There being no air-resist-

ance

in space, the

even when Mars is at its farthest posible point, on the far side of the Sun, the trip takes only five days. It would have been nice if, in response to Sputnik I, the United States had been able to release full photographic evidence of Mars Base
I
I.

can be three hundred feet, three thou-

sand
yield
If
it

feet,

or whatever

needed to

do not

insist that
it

the required radiation surface.

vertibly right, but

is

am incontromy opinion

were made of elastic material; it would be automatically self-adjusting; if the steam pressure rose, the

based on observational data that the

United States Government has avoided acquiring

that

we

actually

had

balloon would expand, increasing the

everything necessary to do just that.

and
(And

radiation area, until the temperature

it

hence pressure dropped. wouldn't freeze and grow

it's

We
use

and

certainly
I

believe the

had the nuclear subs to Dean Drive

can do

it.

brittle;

steam-condenser,

re-

member. )

Even more important, now

part

that

would be the first hundred miles up from Earth; there, air resistance would prevent use of the balloon condenser. However,

The tough

we've given away the Solar System, is the fact that the fundamental principle underlying Dean's device is fundamental. It's not just the key to a

THE SPACE-DRIVE PROBLEM

105

181

space drive; the principle of simulta-

systems. (Religion hasn't been harm-

neous multiple relationships mously broader than that.

is

enor-

ed by having Catholic and Protestant Christian churches, though it took

The

psychologists have complained

some bloodshed and violence

over the idea.)

to put

that there

was no matliematical

tech-

nique for their work. Quite so; they obviously need a math capable of expressing multiple simultaneous retoo,

Perhaps

wc

could

make
if

a lot better

and

faster

progress

Science and
es-

Engineering were recognized and

tablished as distinct, and
lative fiat at first

lationships.

No

electronic device can recognize

made two separate

Who
can better
than an

by

legis-

a pattern; that's

why no machine

can

and

distinct parties.

be made to recognize words spoken by widely varying voices. (The tenyear-old Southern girl and the drunken longshoreman with a bad cold may
both be saying "I want to go home!", as any human fool can plainly understand.

criticize a Scientist's theory,

who tries to make the thing work? And who can better criticize
Engineer

an Engineer's
tist,

efficiency than a Scien-

who

analyzes with
it

exact

preis

cision
really

what
doing

is

the Engineer

But no machine can.)

is

pat-

and not what he thinks

had
proof that the maxififty

tern exists where there

multiple

he's

doing?
scientists, in Edison's day,

simultaneous relationship.
It
is

The
it

the inherent nature of any

to

mathematical

Orthodoxy
has

freeze at the level

mum
still

possible efficiency of an electric

achieved,

developing

only

the

generator was

per cent. They

ramifications and details of

tliat level.

Xhe
.

dinosaurs developed a million

had the mathematics after Edison manufacturing ninety-eight started

per cent efficient generators.

variations
. .

on the theme dinosaurism

but none of those variations was

mammalianism.

The question really is: How can orthodoxy in Science be ended Of course, we can have acts of legisla.^

You know, there's nothing like a good Republican to sjx)t a Democratic grafter or a good Democrat to expose the incompetence of a Repub-

lican.

And

everybody benefits except

impose new ideas by fiat the system we've been using recently, and that the Soviets use. It isn't good; it's just better than none. Life forms solved it quite some
tive bodies

the incompetent and dishonest individuals.

Look, don't we believe in the fundamental validity of two-party competition? Then what's wrong with a
two-party
Science,
to

me^years

ago;

they use

the
that

two-

permanently

party system.

We've found

works

terminate die freeze effect of ortho-

in political systems, and in religious

doxy?

THE END

106

^STOUNDING SCIENCE FACT & FICTION

182

PMNIMii

NOTE:

This article
fiction.

is

\
Detesters,

NOTscience
places, events,

not repeal, The names,

were

real,

and inventions herein and no attempt has been

anyone,
living

made
dead,

to

protect

or

from

the eventual evaluation of

historians.

All

of

this
is

really

hapjust

pened. This article

more than

a personal memoir to set the record

straight;
it

is

also an attempt to get

.

Phasers

things

moving again

and

Dean Drives
This

wiih many other once carried on a prolific; correspondence with the late John W\ Campbell, former Editor of
In

common
1

people,

the latest word on the controversial

is

Analog. We discussed lots of things, and it was stimulating because

miles

we were
apart.

usually thousands of
as
I

Dean Drive. The last word

has yet to be written.

Even today

re-

read the letters, it is high intellectual adventure. If anyone

thought that Campbell's Editorials were controversial, he would have considered the Campbell corre-

G.

HARRY STINE

spondence outrageous, because

JWC
first

often tried out Editorial ideas

in

correspondence with friends

ANALOG
1974, or later

and readers. However, John's single-page letter of August 21, 1959-highly unusual

because

his

letters

normally

minimum of four to five pages, sometimes more, rarely

ran to a

iess-was

to

change

my

life

that of several other people

and beyond
"If

our wildest imaginings.

To quote
you
recall,

the

letter

directly:
I

some while back said I believed we wouldn't use rockets to

reach the planets-we'd do
wise
.

it

other-

saw photographs of a working model of a space drive engine. It makes a

.
.

This week,

183

monkey's uncle out of Ihe law of

conservation of

turn letter asked

tions.

all

sorts of ques-

know

it.

we The working model demas

momentum

But

it

became
life

secondary
1

thing in
lost

my
was

because

had

just

onstrated the principle but was, un-

my
I

pioneer model rocket comstarting

derstandably, not very successful as

a
flying

pany.

work

as an en-

machine.
the

The
it

inventor
in mid-air

gineer at Stanley Aviation Corporation in Denver,

couldn't afford

auto-pilot sys-

and we had
I

new
on
I

tem
. . .

to stabalize (sic)

baby on
that

the way. i^ooking back

today,^

The device was powered by a standard %-inch electric drill ... A

non-flying model
blelpp,
resting on a on ball-bearing wheels
la-

letter

realized

that

had since learned that John Campbell was an excellent editor, fantastic

giv-

writer, outstanding scientific di-

ing effectively zero friction, exerted

a push of

lettante,

and

some

85 pounds-also %-

physicist
. .

when
.

somewhat confused it came to the Dean

lot

inch drill-motor powered. Set on end on a standard weighing machine, it weighed 135 pounds. With the motor activated, the weight dropped to 50 pounds.

which has confused a Drive of physicists.

My
tally

work

at

Stanley was not

to-

unconnected with what later happened. We were developing the

B-58
"Hustler"
capsules

"Engineering calculations-made by an outside firm of professional consulting engineers show that a 3,000-pound machine could rise with an acceleration of 37 ft/sec^5
ft/sec2 net

crew escape capsules for the super-

over

g when

driven

by a 25-horsepower engine

at 2,800

rpm. With

a 150 hp engine at about 4,000 rpm, it would have a

bomber. AS were blasted out of the plane, they were aerodynamically stabilized by yokes with fins that snapped up. This was necessary to keep the rotation rates and accelerations within the stiff
sonic
the

escape

USAF

criteria

for

human

factors

gross vertical acceleration of 2g, net

established

by Colonel John Paul

of

Ig.

Stapp on
is

his rocket sleds.

"The device
cal. It

purely

mechani-

depends on an elegant appliof principles of centrifugal

cation

was the way it was supposed to work, but we couldn't keep the damned yokes from
Well,
that

force in orbiting masses

when

the a

breaking
All

otf.

center

of orbits

is

changed

in

calculations
that

by the
the

stress

precisely
tual

phased manner. The acis

group proved

cables and

result

that

momentum

ap-

booms were more than strong

enough
loads.
to

pears at the expense of energy.

"1

am

getting

more

detailed inI

Bui when
out

absorb the expected they were catarocket

sled
at

formation as rapidly as
Naturally,
1

can."

pulted
re-

of the

was

excited.

My

Hurricane

Mesa,

Utah,
I

the

yokes

62

Analog Science

Fiction

Science Fact

184

left the

capsules as the

booms and
I

tion as Director of Research for a

cables

snapped.
to

When
to

ventured
the
stress

small,

meekly

point out

East Coast called

tion.

obscure company on the Huyck Corporaasked

engineers that there might be

additional
forces

some

He

me

to join

him

in

involved

because

New York

City as his Assistant DiI did so, movand commuting

of the rapidity with which the loads

rector of Research.

were applied, the reaction was,

ing to Connecticut
to

"You mean
isn't
I

to

tell

us

that

stress

New York
In the

City for the

first

time

proportional to strain?"

in July I960.

got more deeply involved when we decided to challenge the USAF

set the
it

human
with
onset.
a
It

factors
a

limits

which were
of 15
rate
g's

meantime, John Campbell its ear againwas still recovering from Dianet-

SF world on

based on

maximum

ics

and psionics-with an Editorial

1,500-g-per-second

of

in the

December 1959

issue

of Asas
brief,

seemed

to us that

ordinary

tounding Science Fiction,

Analog was called
had
ter.

athletes exceeded these limits regularly.

then.

In

the

So we put accelerometers on shoulder pads of two burly University of Colorado football linemen and recorded what hap-

he revealed to the readers what he

told

me

in his

August 1959

let-

The

science-fact article in the

pened when they tackled each

other.
in

They performed with gusto CU Fieldhouse one cold February day in 1960. The data revealed that they had sustained acthe
g's

June I960 issue was written by Campbell with photographs that he had taken. It concerned this wonderful machine which he dubbed
the

celerations of over 45 g's at rates of

"Dean Drive." The inventor of

L.

the device
civil

was

onset of 5,000

per second. This

Norman

Dean, a

service

was written up in Time magazine, and we got the USAF to relax their

human
could
But

factors specs so
a

that

we

build

capsule
the
I

that

would
capsule

employee residing in Washington, DC. He had no formal training as an engineer or scientist; he was a typical amateur tinkerer and inventor.
In

stay together.

common
didn't

with most

init

before

Stanley

ventors,

he

know

that

went to an American Rocket Society meeting in Los Angeles and met an old friend. Dr. William (). Davis, retired Colonel

was

qualified,

couldn't be done, so he went ahead

and

tried.

Dean obtained US
day
it

Patent

#2,to-

886.976 on his device, and even

in

the

USAF, former

director

of

the

Air

Force Office of Scientific

can be obtained from the Patent Office. But it will not

to

US
tell

Research,
Farside.

and mentor of Project He had just taken a posiPhase r.s, and Dean Drives

you much about how

build

Dean

Drive.

Detcstcrs,

6i

185

Basically,
sisted

the
pair

Dean Drive conof eccentrically-

that he did believe that the

Dean

of a

Drive was not a practical device,

but a "proof of principle" machine.

mounted,
a

counter-rotating

masses

driven by an electric motor through

pair of slipper-type

He

also stated that he really didn*t

universal
pro-

fully

understand why the Dean

joints

and

slip

or

sleeve joint.

Drive seemed to work and that he

didn't believe Dean's own mathematical analysis or operating
really

The

rotation of these masses

oscillating

duced an

motion commonly known as simple harmonic motion. The use of rotating masses to produce oscillatory or vibrating motion is widely-used in industrial practice and is commonly called a "Buehler Drive." However, in the

theory. This
in attitude

is

an important change

on Campbell's part be-

tween his August 1959 letter to me and the June I960 ASF article. Perhaps the difference can be laid to the fact that in his letter he was
writing privately to a fellow space

Dean Drive this oscillating carriage was not permitted to oscillate

At one point in its cycle, the oscillating frame was hard-coupled to the main frame of the machine or to the force rod coming out of the side of the frame. During the remainder of the cycle, the mefreely.

nut while his article was written for

ASF

readers.

Because our responsibility in Corporation Research was to investigate for Huyck Corporation any
promising area of science or tech-

nology that might lead

to

the de-

chanical oscillator was free and unclutched.

is

The operation of the Dean Drive very complex and is not ameIt

nable to quick-and-dirty analysis.

is

dynamic system.
article

velopment of new industrial products for the company, Dr. Davis and I drove to Washington, DC from New Canaan, Connecticut on the evening of September 27, 1960. At 10:00 a.m. on the morning of

Although Campbell's

September

28,

I960,

we drove

to

dwelt mainly on the fact that no

Dean's apartment located on Wis-

government agency, especially NASA or DoD. had ever bothered to take a look at the Dean Drive,
Campbell
drive; that
I

consin Avenue in the northwest area of DC. I quote now from the laboratory

stated

in

his
is

article:

"I

notebook of Dr. William O. Davis

think Dean's device

it

a true space
.

dated September 30, I960 and

signed by
report:

does work
it

Again,

me
it

as

witness,

in-

emphasize,

is

not

important

dicating that

amounted

to a joint

whether Dean is right or wrong; what is importuni is that the (government) agencies did not find
out." However,

"Visited

Mr.

Norman Dean

in
at

Washington on

Campbell

staled

September 28 the suggestion of John Campbell

to

64

Analog Science

Fiction I Science Fact

186 -

see the

Dean Drive

in action.

The
levi-

tion

mass was moved several

milli-

device he showed us did not

tate,

but applied a lateral force to a un-

meters in a gradual, steady manner while the drive unit did not move
at
all

mass. Harry Stine accompanied me,

when observed

closely with

and both of us approached

likely

this

device with skepticism.

The

naked eye from a distance of only a few inches.

the

mechanism was constructed of

metal and lucite in such a way that

moving parts were clearly visWe checked for the usual gimmicks of air hoses and the like but found nothing. The model rested on the waxed floor of Dean's apartment on the eighth floor of a modern apartment house. Hidden magnets seemed unlikely and in
the
ible.

"A second experiment was performed where the reaction mass was replaced by each of our hands
in turn.

When
force

the drive operated, a

deflnite

was

felt

which

in-

creased with pressure and produced

motion of the hand against the pressure. With the drive turned ofl", this same pressure easily moved the
drive unit several inches."

any event could not account for the magnitude of the forces displayed, particularly since there appeared to
be very
device.
little ferritic

(Yes,
against

the

Dean Drive did push

right

my

hand
I

as described.

After
call
it

all

these years,

can

still

re-,

material in the

vividly.)

"The drive was arranged so as to apply its output to a push-rod which was fastened to a reaction
mass (also open) which appeared to weigh approximately three times as

"It was the conclusion of both Harry Stine and myself that we had witnessed a real anomaly and

that the possibility of fraud in the

demonstration was slim.

is

When

this

combined with
have

the testimony of

much
action

as

the drive

unit.

We

inre-

other competent witnesses, some of

spected both the drive and the

whom

witnessed
it

the

weight
in-

mass before and after the demonstration and are convinced that bot'i were free to move on the polished surface of the floor. There was no observable tilt to the floor. Both masses rested on flange type

reduction experiment,
creasingly likely that

seems

Dean has

pro-

duced a genuine new phenomenon.

His explanation, as given in his papers on the subject, does not strike

and no scratches were observed on the floor when either was

feet
.slid.

whether or not his we have seen something new which I do not beas valid, but
is

me

theory

correct
be

lieve

can
reason,

accounted

for

with

was brought up lo speed and the clutch mechanism activated, the drive was observed to
ihe drive

"When

cla.ssical

Newtonian
I

analyses.

For

this

have decided
to

to un-

dertake a theoretical study of dy-

produce a force such that the reac-

namic systems

see if a concept

De testers, Phasers, and hean

Drives

65

187

J.W. CamphttI

The author

(left)

and

E. L.

Victory
at

with the rocket

powered pendulum

can be evolved which will describe a world in which Dean's Drive can
exist

Huyck Research Center, Milford,

Connecticut on October 19, 1962.

and yet where other known

facts are not contradicted."

1

Author
cell,

is

pointing toward rear mass

have taken the liberty of quot-

with rocket motor, strain

gage thrust
ing extensively

Front mass (by Victory) has photocell installed. Light trough on jloor produced light gradient sensed by photocells to determine pendulum
cell installed.

and photo

from written notes

the

made

within a day or so of wit-

nessing the

phenomenon of

Dean Drive in operation because they more accurately express our

joint observations of the time

position.

(opposite page) The Phaser Mark I, photographed in the Huyck Research Center, Factory Lane, Milford, Connecticut on May 9, 1961. This is the first Phaser that showed a phase angle of 3 degrees, but it never showed the 45 degree phase angle claimed by Norman L.

and do not exhibit the ravages of time on the memory, fhey serve to key other significant memories as well.

On
that

the

way back

to

Connecticut
just
still

night driving

up US 40
I

northeast of Baltimore,
vividly
recall
Bill

can
there
rate

Davis suddenly
if
is

blurting out, "1

force

wonder
to

Dean.

proportional

the

of

change of acceleration?"
His question led him right back
to

basic

Newtonian mechanics
I

66

Analog Science Fiction

Science Fact

188

GH

SHne

where he added
third

fourth term, a
to

force should result. Obviously, this

derivative,

the

general
14,

driving force might be applied by

equation of motion. By October

I960,

other

had worked out the basic mathematical equations that

Davis
he later published
in his

May

1962

mechanical means, or by means of magnetic and/or electric fields. Thus it becomes possible to design an entirely new kind of inertial drive

Analog

article,

"The Fourth Law of

which does not incorpo-

Motion."
His notebook entry for October
21,
note:

rate

the

principles of Dean*s
in

ma-

chine as outlined
claims!"

his

patent

I960 contains an
point

important

"One
me. One

suddenly occurs to consequence of the foreif

it

This was an important theoretical breakthrough because Davis had had no success at all in attempting deal with Norman L. Dean. Most inventors want a million dollars and Dean was hardly an exto

going analysis,
be correct,
the
is

later

proves to

that the operation of

Dean Drive does not depend upon the rotating weights, but only on the motion of the axle, however
induced. In other words,
if

a simple

We could not our hands on a Dean Drive with which to experiment. Nor
ception to the rule.
gel

harmonic driving force is applied to a point with suitable cyclic variation of viscous drag and other parameters, then an unbalanced
Del esters, Phasers, and Dean Drives

could
struct

we
one

legally

attempt to con-

from the patent data, John Campbell's excellent photos, and our own memories.
67

189 -

Although Davis had worked out theoretical universe in which a machine like the Dean Drive would be possible, we both knew
a
that
to

had just been given the problem of analyzing why the wringer-like press section of a paper machine wouldn't squeeze water out of paper and the Huyck felts at high machine speeds. Vic had come to
the
rale

mathematics
logical

will lead

you only

the

conclusions of your

basic assumptions.
to

The theory had

didn't

be backed up with experimental

tenlulivc conclusion that the of onset of force between the

evidence, and

we
to

have the
Bill

press rolls didn't give water time to

get

Dean Drive
Davis and
for
I

work with.

out of the

paper or the

felt,

spent months searching

creating a situation akin to the

tire

an

elegant

experiment that

hydroplaning that was later described by the British.

'

would either prove or disprove

Davis mechanics Robert A. Heinlein

The
on

basis of Davis

mechanics

hung
in

that

sobriquet on the

rests

the hypothesis that the en-

work

Chapter Nine of Podkayne

ergy of a system cannot be changed

in
is

of Mars, so i guess it's official. Professor Serge Korff of the physics

zero time. In other words, there

a
"critical

action

time" during
in

department of
sity,

New York

Univer-

which the system cannot behave

a

top cosmic ray researcher,

and later president of the New York Academy of Sciences and the
Explorers Club, was retained as a
consultant
at
Bill

Newtonian fashion and during which the system as a whole cannot accept the energy. In the case of an applied force in one dimension,
Davis mechanics revises the basic

by

Huyck Corporation

Davis' request to "keep us

Newtonian equation
ing form:

to the follow-

honest" academically; as a lopphysicist, Professor KorlTs flight duty was to shoot us out of the saddle if the logic was faulty, the

F kx
-h
-h

--

dx/dt

m d'-2x/dt2 Dm d3x/dt3
Newtonian equa-

math bad, or

the experimental pro-

This
tion

is

the basic

gram

trivial.

John W. Campbell
as

of motion with the exception

was also retained

his classical role

consultant

of the addition of the third derivative term where k Hook's Law spring constant, V = viscous damping coefficient, m mass, and D = the elusive critical action

with the responsibility of assuming

of a hair

shirt;

kept us honest in a

difl'erent

he way.

We
tory,

were soon joined by a young

mathematician, E. L. Vica graduate of

Iranian

time.

MIT who was

Once

month, a meeting was

working for Huyck at Ihe company's paper machine drier felt

plant in Renssalaer.

held in the Huyck offices in

New

New

York. Vic

York City in which the theoretical and experimental programs were

Analog Science Fiction
I

69

Science Fact

- 190 -

reviewed. Always in attendance were Bill Davis, Vic Victory, myself. Serge KorfT, and John Campbell.

known
testers.

as D-Testers, or simply

De-

One by
rigs

one, these experimental

Because the

initials

of

"critical

were rejected because we could

account
for
all

action time" are

CAT, we became "The Cat Pack." These were wild meetings because Davis and Viclory were making real progress on
the
theoretical

not

of the

forces

and therefore could not

Finally, in
lo

isolate

D.
pre-

May

1961,

we decided
at

take

very close

look

ground of the work was making logical sense. One meeting really sticks in my mind: in late 1961, sat astounded and watched Professor Serge KorfT
I

mathematical backDavis mechanics, and

cisely

the
that

nism

harmonic drive mechawas used in the Dean

is

Drive. This

a device

known

as a

"Buehler Drive" and it is commonly used throughout industry to

generate vibration or oscillatory
motion.
It

derive

and the quantum condition from Newtonian mechanics using the hypothesis of
Planck's

Constant

consists of

two counterI

rotating eccentric

masses.
it

debuilt

signed the device and had

in

Davis mechanics.

the

little

machine shop.
I

still

But the experimental program

didn't run so well.
set

have the original drawings;

build another one just like

could*

In

late. 1960,

it

today,

up

a small experimental area at

the

Huyck Equipment Company

an old World

building,

War Two

might do it sometime. It was accurately described in a letter from E.L. Victory and me that ap-

and

barracks located
in

on Factory Lane

peared in the Brass Tacks depart-

Milford, Connecticut. (Old bar-

ment of the September 1963

Analog:

racks buildings are great for housing

basic

research

programs;

you
the

"Mass of
was

the rotating weights

can't hurt them,

is

and

their structure

1,607.3 grams,

and the

ratio of

infinitely

adaptable.)

With
in

ihe ma.ss of the weights to the

mass
test

help of an excellent

experimental
the

of the carriage was 0.9333.

device was driven by a
tric

The

machine shop downstairs

'/4-inch elec-

building and Wendell H. Stickney.

drill

motor, which was

Huyck Equipment's very practical, brilliant, "Down East" Yankee debuilt a series velopment engineer, of devices capable of generating simple harmonic motion. We were lookmg for some indication of the
I

equipped with a six-inch diameter ten-pound flywheel to insure constant rate of angular rotation,
thence through a universal joint, a
slip

joint,

and

another

universal

joint.

protractor-type dial was af-

"critical

action

lime,"

the

elusive

fixed to the front of the device with

a pointer

"D"

in the

Davis equations.

on the shaft of the upper

Obviously, these devices were

Detesiers, Phasers,

mass

to indicate angular position of

ami Dean Drives

69

191

the weights.

cursor line and scale

universal joints

were used
Operation

to

determine position of

called "slipper joints,"

which are also and a UghtI

the carriage in the lateral direction.

duty sleeve-type
device fron\ 150
I

slip joint.

ran the

was observed with the aid of a General Radio *Strobotac,' and photographs of the operating device were made A Variac adjustable autotransformer was used lo control the rotational speed of the
motor."

rpm

lo

1,500 rpm.

looked hard for a phase angle; so

Davis,
Victory,
Korlf,

did

and

Campbell. Wc never saw the phase angle claimed by Dean using similar equipment. What I did succeed
in

doing was to tear

/4-inch

hell

out of
to

What were we looking for? In our meeting on September 28, 1960, Norman L. Dean claimed
that

those

slipper joints

the
15-

point where there was at least

degrees of slop
that

in

them, a disparity

the

classical

situation

of a
the

would have rendered any obI

simple harmonic motion drive was

incorrect.

served phase angle meaningless.

Classically,

when
for

So
1

created Phaser

Mark

Mod

masses are displaced

to their
right,

maxiexits

with a beefed-up drive train usrod

mum
Thus

extent

to

the

ing '/i-inch slipper joints, half-inch

drill

ample, the carriage will be at

shaft,

and

really

beefy

maximum
the

displacement to the
device

left.

sleeve joint.

operates

with

180-degree phase angle between

weights and carriage.

Dean claimed

that the

the carriage led the

motion of motion of the

At 1,500 rpm, just at the point where the Phaser was about to tear itself to pieces and scalier parls all saw a three-degree over the room,
I

phase angle.
tude

weights by 225 degrees, creating a

"phase angle" of 45 degrees.

When

simple harmonic motion

is

Although this wasn't the magniof phase angle reported by Norman Dean, it cast serious doubt
classical

considered as the driving force in

on

iheory which says that

Davis mechanics,

this

phase angle

there should

be no phase angle

does indeed appear ... but not to

the extent claimed by Dean.

whatsoever!
I

saw the three-degree phase

Bill

With our oscillating device, we were looking for a phase angle. Hence, the device was called the "Phaser Mark I," with due apologies lo Gene RoddenWerry because we were first.

angle several times. So did

Davis and E.L. Victory.
nate

To
I

elimi-

any source of
it

error,
in

mea-

sured the total slack

drive train;

the entire

was

less

than a half-

degree.

Phaser Mark
shaft,

Mod O was
drill

To prove
which was

that
real,

this

driven with a light ^-inch

rod

was not

phase angle, a cpnI

two light-duty Boston Gear

sequence of the rotating masses,

10

Analog Science Fiction

Science Fact

192 -

re-designed the Phaser to

configuration.

Mark
an

II

back and forth on a lab bench

1,500 cycles
sive.
It
it

at

This

used

os-

cillating mass, a single

werght that

vibrated horizontally back and forth driven by a small eccentric. The magnitude of its displacement was the same as that of the

when

was more than impresshook the whole building went into resonance with

the structure.

And

it

kept trying to
I

tear itself to pieces.

it

kept beefing
I

up.

can guarantee that when

counter-rotating masses, and maintained the same oscillatory mass and the same mass ratio as in
I

got through with that drive train,

it

Pha.ser

Mark

I.

With the
forth at

o.scillaling
II

weight of the

Phaser Mark

vibrating back and

1.500 cycles, the operation

was strong. Although we should have taken the "American'* approach of making it bigger, we abandoned the Pha.ser experiments We figured that it would be easier to make measuremenfs on a linear
system instead.

and I saw the good old three-degree phase angle jusl as before. It was highly repeatable. It was witnes.sed by Davis, Victory, and others. The motion of the carriage led
a lot smoother,

was

So
It

designed a rocket- powered

ballistic

pendulum.
masses separated by a 36'/4-inch

consisted of two five-pound cy-

lindrical

inch

length of hardened

the driving force of the o.scillaling

drill rod.

The device was hung

pendulum,
initially

as a
eight
I

mass(es).

ballistic

Looking back on this series of experiments with the Phasers. now realize that it was probably
I

feet

long.

On

the

rear

mass,

the elegant experimental

proof we
a

were .searching
lations said that
critical

for.

Victory's calcu-

our Phasers had

action time of a half milli-

second.

We

should have built one

if

with twice the dimensions to sec

it

Type B14 solid propellant rocket motor that would produce a peak thrust of nine pounds 150 milli.seconds after ignition and had a duration of 300 milliseconds. The mass of the rocket propellant used was less than one percent of the total mass of the
Estes

mounted an

had

CAT
a

of a

full

millisecond,
action

pendulum. A Dynisco bonded

gage load cell was mounted on the rear mass to measure the instantaneous thrust of the rocket motor on the pendulum. This was read out on a high-speed Visicorder light-beam oscillograph. A light trough was placed below the penstrain

or at
time.

least
If

larger

critical

dict the
prool".
I

we had been able to preCAT, we would have had

our big

believe

problem

was

the fact that

we had gained
Pha.sers.

a large

measure of respect
fear
that

nay, downright

of the

The

sight

of

seven-pound

Phaser

shaking

dulum with a one end of

.lOO-watl spot light at

the

trough.

In

each
71

Deteslcrs, Phasers.

and Dean Drive

'

193

pendulum bob,

photocell looked straight

cadmium sulfide down into

mechanics also predicted thai there would be a discrepancy between

the light trough, detecting the light

how

far

the the
it

pendulum swung-

gradient

as

the

pendulum swung.
in

based on
parted to
reality

The outputs of both photocells

were fed into separate channels
the
Visicorder.

total impulse imby the rocket motor-in

far
to
it

and how

should have
classical

We
that

calibrated
it

this

swung according
chanics.

me-

and discovered
sensitive
dicator.

was a very
in-

pendulum position
the rocket

We

chased

bugs

in

that

rocket

When
Irically

ignited,

it

motor was elecpushed the pen-

pendulum for over two years. First, we moved it to a new lab at 209 Greenwich Avenue in Stamford,
Connecticut where
it

dulum

horizontally.

The

thrust-lime

was re-hung

curve of the rocket motor was re-

corded along with the photocell output (hat was proportional to

'

from moved
field

16- foot lines.

the lab again
in

When we
430 Fair-

to

Avenue
it

Stamford, we again
16-foot ballistic

pendulum
that there

position.

re-hung

as a

Theoretical calculations predicted

should be a lime delay between the instant thai thrust was

applied to the
instant
it

pendulum and developed an even more accurate capacitance position measurement system for it.
In all the

pendulum and
to

the

started

move.

Davis

the

hundreds of tests with pendulum, we never detected

'".iCf.^m iraigsia p,'",Hff .

Ay

s
\

H^ft?^^^^-'"'

hi

y- v-X^'AJr.,
,>G
ICJt^i

^^v-:"

194

what we were looking for. 1 know now that it was because the system was too small and that the ratc-ofchange of force imparted by the
rocket
.should

cal test for all

One- Way Machines, Space Drive, Anti-Gravity Devices,

their like.

and
out

When

the

word

got

that

Huyck

Research

Center

motor was too low.

have
with
hit
it

We
1

would

listen

to inventors

and look

with a 16-pound
didn't becau.se

at their

sledge instead.
hit
it

We

machines, the fun began. I think that I have seen every sort of
shaking, spinning, whirling, vibrating,

one-pound hammer once, and broke a $150 load cell. 1965 when we finally In March made highly accurate position meaa

buzzing,

snarling,
fertile

grinding
imagina-

space drive that the

tion

surements with the capacitive posisystem, we learned that the pendulum vibrated in four degrees of freedom when the rocket thrust hit it. We had no way of accounting for all the energy that was leaving the system by means other than linear displacement. So the experiment was abandoned. However, the rocket pendulum
tion

of inventors can dream up. I have seen ones that would climb a slight gradient because of the stickslip

frictional

phenpmenon.
all

I've
I

seen them scoot across the

floor.

have seen them do

wonderful
test.

sorts

of

things

except

put them to the critical

when we pendulum

For the benefit of any of you'

who may some day

be confronted
is

did put us wise at

last to the criti-

with a unidirectional drive, here

j;jij9M<^,,%omiHga;

./^

t^

!li

'
^

OAi.i,"

ourn |Ma^

^
,

'

<

*Pr,'

'

^^.

TM^T or

--

-wv TMA.iii

,>

;-':iy.\

195

the Critical Suspend the

listic

Pendulum

Test:

unit freely as a bal-

we*re lucky that nobody was hurt when it blew up." They all left,

drawing.
the

pendulum as shown in the The longer the pendulum, m6re sensitive it will be to any

promising to
return with
it.

fix

the invention

and

Nobody

ever did.

There
aspect to

is

one highly unfortunate

Because of the
total

unidirectional force. When the drive is turned on, it must displace itself from the vertical rest position.
Furthermore,
it

this.

recalcitrance of

Norman

L.

Dean,

back and forth

tion.
It

must not vibrate about the rest posi-

we were never able to subject the Dean Drive itself to the critical pendulum test at Huyck Research
Center.
It was once claimed that the Dean Drive did pass this test. John Campbell made a comment to a letter in Brass Tacks in the Novem-

mass

must displace its center of from the vertical and stay

it

there as long as

is

turned on.

Every space drive that

we

tested

would not pass this test. The inventors were usually very embarrassed. "Gee, it just started to work
there

ber 1960

ASF

as follows:

**Sus-

when

it

came

apart.

guess

Celling support

pended from a flexible wire, the model will push itself away from the vertical and hang at an angle." But I never saw it do that. I am very positive that Campbell never saw it, either, and that he was merely reporting what Norman

Dean
cotton line or wire, the longer the better for

told

him. Otherwise,

Camp-

bell

would have had some very

ensltlvlty

pertinent remarks during the

many
only

pendulum

tests

we

ran

not

with the rocket pendulum, but also

with several One- Way Machines.

While
frenzied,

was involved

in

this

exciting,

frustrating,

en-

joyable, disgusting, delightful, and

maddening experimental program,

the
per.
^Strongback support bar

CAT

Pack wrote a

scientific pa-

Entitled

"Some Aspects of
it

^
"ai>ace

Certain Transient Mechanical Systems/' Davis delivered

23,

Thruat Direction

on April

1962

at

the

Washington,

DC

Black Box Crlve"

Balllatlc Fendulua Rig for Testing ^aoe Eflvea

meeting of the American Physical Society. There were no comments. Why didn't anybody hear about

74

Analog Science

Fiction I Science Fact

-w-^

this

paper?
I

Why

wasn't

it

pub-

lished?

don*t know, but the

APS

time interval duringMiicft'iMiil^l^ smallest subnuclear *^^utM 'cbioK)

^

and Physical Review turned it down for publication. I was given to understand that it was nearly impossible to get

not respond to a chaing^ iditiij^

ergy.
this

By von SchelUng't. t^^fbM

time quantum
\iluii

calculated

anything published that

as 6.27 X

10-"

scc<JHii^i%lieil cal-

contradicted Einstein in the slightest

culated

by
this

Davis
led
to

medianicl,
out,
*

(he

degree,

even

in

philosophical

same number came

more,
that the smallest unit

Filillier*

background.

the

Then
in

as

now, there were few

Analog
toss

condo^kyn of length in

avenues for published speculation

science and technology.

the universe was the distinct that

light

could travel in that smaOesi

happens
places

to be

one of the few

a

unit

of time, and worked

otit

tc

where a person can

1.88 X 10-3 centimeters.

new

idea to the wolves to see what

This number agrees with the

esti-

happens.

We knew
Fourth

this,

so Davis

mate made
Heisenberg.

in

1955-1956 by Werner

wrote "The
tion'*

Law

of

Mo-

was published in the May 1962 issue of Analog. Strangely, the article didn't draw
that
the sort of

In late 1962, the

CAT

Pack was

joined by a most formidabte inter-

comment
it

that

we had
it

expected; perhaps
ential equations.

was because

national scientist. Dr. Henri M. Coanda, inventor of the first jet airplane (1910) and father of the field

contained a couple of partial differ-

of

fluid ics (the

Coanda

Effect).

Us-

ing Davis

mechanics, Coanda de-

However,
tact
tor.

the

1962

publication

efforts did finally

bring us into con-

veloped a rationale for both Reynolds Number and Mach Number^

In

with an independent investigaJuly

at

May

1963,

Campbell

ptlb-

lished a letter
1,

from Norman Dcin

fai

On

1963,

Hermann von

wherein the inventor explained'

details his **phasing**

Schelling

the

Advanced Techin

hypothl^s

nology Laboratories of the General

Electric

and

gave

implicit

instructions "6d

Company

Schenectady,
to the

how

to build

and conduct an ex

New
titled,

York, published a paper en**Stochastic

periment so that his data could;be

Approach

confirmed by anyone
to
try
it.

who wisl^d

Laws of Motion." He arrived at the same conclusions as the CAT Pack, but he did it by the statistical or stochastic method rather than by the Davis deterministic method. Von ^helling even went further to
postulate a

The Dean experimental device described in that Bl'fil

Tacks
letter

was
I.

identical

tOi^i&e

Phaser Mark
the safe side,

So, just to t>e'on

Mark

I dug out the Phaser and had our two lab

b^

quantum of

time, a

technicians

read

Dean's

letter,

set

Detesten, Phasers,

and Dean Drives

75

197

Up

the Phaser

Mark

I,

and re-run

used
that

common

universal joints, oth-

the previous Phaser Tests. Both C.

erwise

Morse 4nd MacLane Tilton, our chief electronic tech and chief
Philip

possess lobes of unequal torque and rate of angular

known as are known to

when

"slipper joints,**

mechanical tech respectively, conducted these

pervision
tests

rotfition

deflected;
efl'ect?
I

did

this

without any su-

have a significant

wanted

from Davis, Victory, or stood by in the background and just watched. Dean claimed they should see a 45-degree phase angle. They saw the
myself.
I

to build Phaser Mark III with constant-torque Rezeppa Joints, the sort

they

use

in

the

front-wheel
flywheel

drives

of jeeps.

Was my

smoothing out something (Dean

did not use a flywheel)?

three-degree phase angle that

seen.

had

We
I

really

don*t

know, but

E.L. Victory and

in a letter to Brass

reported this

strongly suspect that Dean*s light-

Tacks that ap-'

duty drive train had something to

peared in the September 1963 issue

along with a photo of our Phaser

do with

it.

We

did a lot of theorizing about

Mark

I.

Norman Dean must have

considered this as a personal attack

what a true space^drive might be like and came to some interesting

First of all, if Davis mechanics has a shred of truth to it, the phase angle of Dean*s device should have been dependent upon

on him, because he fired back a vitriolic letter to Campbell that was published in the January 1964 Analog. Dean accused us of all
^sorts

conclusions.

of things, including violation

This immedi-

the rotational speed or cyclic rate.

of

his patent rights.

Not only should

the

phase angle

ately brought in the

Huyck general

increase with increasing cyclic rate,

counsel and patent attorneys. I really wanted >to go to see Dean

but the drive efliciency should in-

crease as well. This

really

meant

that

and

get

it

straightened

out.

But,

good
in

efficiencies

could not be

acting

on the advice of the Huyck

obtained with any device operating

attorneys, Davis instructed

to

me

not

down
meant
ated
rates.

mechanical cyclic

rates. It

do

so.

that a drive should

at

studied

I have carefully of the Dean Qiaterials that have been published. What did

Since' that time,

all

megacycle or

be oper* gigacycle

We

further

Dean do

to get his

claimed 45-de-

clusion that the

came to the conDean Drive or

gree phase angle, and

why

couldn't

we

get

it,

too?

Was he

using a

heavy carriage with centering

springs?

Was

his light quarter-inch

drive shaft twisting?

We

had both

any machine capable of producing a unidirectional force under the hypothesis of Davis mechanics-would have to consist of a device that was one system during part of a cycle,

76

Analog Science Fiction

Science Fact

198

- 199

facts

and gave them some

It

sort

of

enough
act

for the entire system to re-

ra^onal foundation.
thing

tied

every-

as

whole.

Davis mechanics

up

in a neat

bundle and just

ieA
to

it

sitting there.

would merely elaborate upon Newtonian mechanics to include the

starting
transient,

Item:

The human body responds

of acceleration, a

the

high-rate
sys-

rate-of-onset

case, the situation in

which the

third derivative force.

USAF

specs

tem

is

so large or the energy rate

are

still

based on
Stress
is

this.

Item:
to strain.

not proportional

The classic law holds only under steady-state conditions in

testing machines.. Under conditions

so great that part of the system does something while the other is doing quite something else.

of high-rate loading, the stressstrain curves behave quite differ-, ently. Cables snap. Yokes break. The noses of armor-piercing shells hammer their way through armor plate while the back end of the

Item: The harder they hit the atomic nucleus with particles in high-energy accelerators, the greater the rate of change of enand the greater the numergy ber of wild, wonderful, and unsus. . .

pected particles that are generated.

It

is

really difficult

to

account for
. .

same

proceeds inexorably forward, not knowing that the front end is hammering away.
shells

all

of these new particles

ex-

cept in Davis mechanics- where they

would be viewed
of rate-of-change:
the
particle

as a consequence

Item:

The mundane

industrial

the energy that

operatiop'of squeezing water out of

system cannot absorb

paper and felt is totally dependent upon Ihe rate of onset of the force
in

the

press

roll

nip;

the

appli-

and must then leave the system. Item: With several very, very telligent and respected scientists
volved in the program,

ijin-^

cation

of the principles of Davis

we never

mechanics to paper machines permits the system to be changed so

once ran up against a flaw in the logic, a trivial consequence, an irrational conclusion, or

machine can run faster. Newton didn't have the instruments to measure high-rate phenomena.' Newtonian mechanics is steady-state mechanics. Even at that, any engineer will tell you all
that the

any

result that

Item:

did not appear to jibe with the real world.

Item:

Nobody

has yet designed

and conducted the elegant experiment to either prove or disprove

the hypotheses of Davis mechanics.

about the Finagle Factors

Item:

mechanics is true only if the energy of a system can be changed in either zero time (which is not a reasonable assumption)

Newtonian

Item:
tests

Nobody has

ever conobjective

ducted a series of

critical,

or

in

time

interval

long

on the Dean Drive. The Dean Drive has never been subjected to the pendulum test described herein
/ Science Foci

7B

Analog Science Fiction

200

except as reported by John

bell

Campis

and never verified. Ladies and gentlemen, there

'A highly

H snccestnl^

unfinished business here that gets

worse every day. Norman L. Dean passed away in the late 1960*s. John W. Campbell died on July 11 1971. Dr. Henri M. Coanda died in November 25. 1972. And Dr. William O.
1974.

fusion
fiction

and

V
to^

thriller. .. likely

Davis died on
Victory,

May

10,

appeal to a larger^^f

KorfT.

and myself

appear to be the only ones leA

participated
in
this

who

audience than |atf|

most exciting

work.

Z?r -Publlaheri WeeU^f

'

':rf^V#

saw the Dean Drive work, and think- I know how and why it I worked. I don't know if it would
I

pass the pendulum test, but the lest must be made before anyone has the right to sit back and be smug-

on

either side

of the fence.

Until the basic hypotheses of

Davis mechanics are either proven

or disproven, the nagging specter of
the space drive will haunt our scientific curiosity.
Is

la

Will

it

or won't

it?

a space drive possible or not?

If
it

is

impossible, what pushed

against
If
it

my
is

hand!
that
I

impossible, what was the

3-degree

phase angle

with the Phaser

II?
I

Mark

saw I and Mark

novel

about people and

am

Psionics,

not talking about Dianetics, or ESP. This is physics

politics in the year

1999

and engineering and technology. It would take so little time and so little money to find out whether we
or have nothing There is an unpublished series of papers written by Davis and the
. .
.

by

Ben Bova
$7.95.

now

at your Ixwkstoif
'

y\ RANDOM HOUSE

Detesters, Phasers,

and Dean Drives

201

r^t of the
pothesize a

CAT

Pack.

They hyand

theory of inertia

gravitation that

ton

and

Einstein.

embrace both NewBased on very

preliminary calculations, the theory based on Davis mechanics indicates

that the

Davis, William O., Stine, Victory, E.L., and KorfT, S.A., "Some Aspects of Certain Transient Mechanical Systems,** American Physical Society Paper
8.

G.H.,

speed of gravitational prois

pagation

at least 30,000 times the

speed of

light.

WashDC, April 23. 1962. 9. Von Schelling, H., "Stochastic Approach to the Laws of Motion,"
1962 Spring Meeting,
ington,

FA 10,

The end of
be written.

this article

remains to

General Electric

Company Report
1,

No. 63GL106, Advanced Technology Laboratories, July

1963.

REFERENCES
1.

US

Patent 2,886,976, "System

Dean, Norman L., letter. Analog, Vol. LXXI No. 3, May

10.

for

Converting Rotary Motion into

1963, pp. 4 et seq.

11. Stine,

Unidirectional Motion,*' granted to

G.H. and Victory,

E.L.,
1,

Norman
fice,

Dean US Patent OfWashington, DC.

L.

letter.

Analog, Vol. LXXII No. September 1963, pp. 4 et seq.

12.

2.

Private

W. Campbell
21. 1959.
3.

communication, John to G.H. Stine, August

Dean, Norman

L.,
5,

letter.

Analog, Vol. LXXII No.

1964, pp. 92 et seq.
13.

January
private

CampbcU. John W.. "The UlReactions,*'

Davis,

William
7,

O.,

trafeeble

Science-fiction,

Astounding Vol. LXIV, No. 4,

laboratory notebook from Septem-

ber 30, 1960 to July

14.

1961.

December 1958, pg. 6 et seq. 4. Campbell, John W., "The Space Drive Problem," Analog,
Vol.
106.
5. Campbell, John W., "Report on the Deap Drive,*' Analog, Vol. LXVl No. 1, September 1960, pp.

Davis,

William O., 'The

Background,

Huyck Dynamic Systems Research

Program:
Theoretical

LXV

No.

4,

June 1960, pp. 83-

Experimental Work, and

plications,**

unpublished

Some ImHuyck

Corporation report circa 1961. 15. Davis, William O., "Some

Unusual
the

Implications

Inherent

in

4-7.
6.

Campbell, John W., "Instrufor

mentation

the

Analog. Vol. LXVI, No. ber 1960, pp. 95-99.

7.

Dean Device," 3, Novem-

Huyck Dynamic Systems Research Program,** unpublished Huyck Corporation report circa
1961.
16.

Davis. William O.,

"The Enof
pp.

Davis, William O., **The Fourth Law of Motion," Analog, Vol. LXIX No. 3, May 1962, pp.
83-104.

ergy Transfer Delay Time," Annals

of the
Sciences,

New York Academy

Vol.
138,
6,

Article
1967.
I

2.

862-863, February

80

Analog Science Fiction

Science Fact

202

'

THE FANTASTIC MACHINE OF STEFANO RICCIARDI

Stefan Marinov
Institute for Fundamental Physics
Morel lenf el dgasse 16 A-8010 Graz, Austria

Abstract

present a machine working with compressed fluid (gas, liquid) invented

by Stefano Ricciardi which is neither a turbine nor a piston-engine, and at the

same time is a turbine and a piston-engine. Indeed, it can be considered as a

turbine, as it has no valves, and it can be considered as a piston-engine, as the

gas exerts its pressure in a closed space.
Its efficiency (the ratio of the deli-

vered kinetic energy to the consumed elastic energy of the gas) is very high and
I

evaluated it of being even higher than unity;

I

presume that,with the improve-

ment which

propose in the paper, the efficeincy can be considerably increased

over unity. The machine, however, needs further technical development in order
to be able to substitute the present steam-engines, turbines and combustion motors

In April

1989

delivered

couple of lectures in the Perugia University on my expe

riments demonstrating violations of the laws of conservation. Many "cranks" from different Italian towns, who heard about my presence in Perugia, attended these lectures
and many interesting discussions on different "hot" and "cold" topics in physics and

technology took place during the lectures and after them.

One of my visitors was Mr. Stefano Ricciardi from Citta di

Castello (province of
1.

Umbria). Mr. Ricciardi has brought with the machine shown in fig.
he has

He told me that

invented this machine some twenty years ago and since then he has construc-

ted many different prototypes improving its qualities which the commonly used steam-

engines, turbines and combustion motors do not dispose.

As the lecture ended in the late hours, we could not find compressed air to set the

device in motion. However

became highly intrigued by the words of Ricciardi and next

Sunday

visitijd him in his home where he has a workshop for filling bottles (his father
I

and his grand-father have done the same job).

spent the whole sunny day with Ricciardi

examining and observing several of the prototypes and enjoying the wonderful pfuinzo
di dotmnica of Mrs. Ricciardi.

,5

203

Marinov

The principle of action of Ricciardi's machine can be understood easier if looking

at one of the earlier prototypes which is "open" and which can be seen in the photo-

graphs in figs. 2-5. The scheme of the machine is shown in fig. 6.

Compressed air enters into the elastic white tube for which Ricciardi has used
fire-hose (my head in fig.
2

replaces the container of compressed air). An elastic

metal strip which can change its curvature but cannot change its length encircles the

tube from the outer side. Three metal radial levers fixed to the axle-tree at 120

one from another press at their rotation the elastic tube from the inner side. On the
tips of the levers there are plastic cylinders mounted on ball-bearings which roll

when the levers touch the tube.

When the compressed air inflates the elastic tube, one of the radial levers usually
presses the tube against the metal strip to the utmost
and thus the compressed air

cannot leave the tube. However on this lever and on the foregoing lever (with respect
to the sense of rotation) tangential forces (with respect to the trajectory of the le-

ver's tip) act from the side of the compressed air in the tube and generate thus a
torque. The machine makes a rotation of about 60

during which one of the levers always

presses the tube against the metal strip to the utmost and no air goes out from the
the

machine.

shall call this first phase

I

During the first phase the torque on the axle-

tree is maximal.

established this by fixing an external lever to the axle-tree and

by estimating the torque when holding this lever by hand.

At

the rotation, the "closing lever" comes to such a position that it cannot more

press the tube to the utmost and air begins to leak out. On the other hand, the "fore-

going lever" has not still reached

position where it can press the tube to the utmost

and thus compressed air goes freely from the container through the tube into the free
space. This second phase lasts for some other 60. During the second phase there is
still

torque acting on the axle-tree but this torque is substantially smaller than

the torque during the first phase.

Then the moment arrives when the "foregoing lever" becomes "closing lever" and

again a first phase begins.

During the first phase there is no consumption Of pressed air.
I

could not makfe a

- 204 -

Marinov

reliable estimation by eye but it seemed to me that even if the volume of the tube
at the end of the first phase was bigger than the volume at the beginning, the diffe-

rence is minimal

Nevertheless the torque during the first phase is very big

If at the end of the first phase an automatical mechanism will close the way from

the container of compressed air, then during the second phase only the air which is in the tube will go out in free space. The quantity of this air is very small
.

Thus this

machine will rotate practically without consuming air, i.e., this machine will generate
kinetic energy only by the help of pressure
.

This assertion seems incredible and it is

and every-

against all known physical concepts and experiences but the machine exists

body can persuade oneself that there is a considerable motion under a considerable

pressure

without leakage of air and almost without a change in the volume of the air

in the tube.
It is difficult to understand how and where the pressing forces of the compressed

air act but it is clear that they are "tangential" with respect to the motion of the

"pistons" (we can consider the radial levers as pistons). In every steam-engine or

combustion motor the forces of the compressed fluid act normally to the pistons.
The torque acting on the axle-tree is different during the times of the first and

second phase of 120 (which is the complete "cycle" of the machine), but there is no

positioi where there is no torque. If the above mentioned improvement will be applied,

during the second phase no torque will act. Thus the second phase must be passed over
Consequently

by the help of the kinetic energy acquired during the first phase.

the average

torque (and the average produced kinetic energy) will be slightly diminished but the

consumption of air will be reduced practically to zero. To have an imagination how big
are the forces acting in Ricciardi's machine, remember the elastic "air cushion" with

which one

lifts

the heaviest car filling the cushion with the compressed gases coming

from the exhaust pipe of the motor.

I

made all my measurements on the prototype shown in fig.

1.

The friction in the ma-

chine is so big that one cannot move the axle-tree acting with both hands on the axle's
ends, one of which is seen in fig.
1

(the other axle's end is on the opposite side).

The machine begins to rotate with pressure of 1.5-2 bar and with the increase of

205 -

Man" no V

the pressure the rate of rotation increases.

I

made the following measurements to establish its efficiency.

put a plastic bag

at the tube's outlet and measured with my wrist-watch that during a time t the volume

of the consumed air (estimated by eye) was

V,

at a pressure Pn =

bar (the pressure

take in the

in free space). As the pressure in the container was p, the same air will

container

volume V

V,/p. The energy which one loses by letting this air going in

the free space is E = pV = PiV,, and thus the lost power will be

Pelast The acquired kinetic power will be

'kin =

= E/t = PiVj/t.

(1)

*'

(2)

where M is the average moment of force acting on the axle-tree and q is the angular

velocity of the rotation.

estimated M by hand and n by eye.

2

The figures estimated by me (at a pressure p =

were: V^ = 5
1

bar of the air in the container)

0.005 m^, t

10 sec,

fi

4tt

rad/sec,

M =eL5kpm =
1

Nm, noting

that

kp (kilopond)nri kg force, is equal to the weight of

1

kg mass and thus is equal

5

to 9.81 N (newton). Thus taking into account that

bar = 10

N/m

2
,

we obtain

^elast

^^ ^* ^" ^^^ other hand we have

P.

63 w. Thus the efficiency estimated

by me was n = ^ ^'^* ^"^ taking into account the inaccuracy of my estima''kin^''elast

tion one can be not sure whether Ricciardi's machine violates the energy conservation
law.
I

am sure, however, that if during the second phase the way from the container of
I

compressed air will be closed (as

suggested above), the efficiency will be undoubtedly

higher than unity and the energy conservation law will be violated. As in the ball-

bearing motor (see my book THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH, Part II, East-West, Graz, 1986) the
thermal extension of the balls is perpendicular to the motion of the races and the

whole kinetic energy is produced from nothing, so in Ricciardi's machine the forces of
the compressed air act tangentially to the motion of the radial levers and the volume

of the air in the tube practically does not change. Thus also in Ricciardi's machine
the kinetic energy produced during the first phase comes out from nothing
(at least in

its predominant part). To give a firm experimental confirmation of the last assertion.

m^

Marinov

one must, of course, carry out precise measurements with a better constructed machine,

supplied by a valve for closing the air supply during the second phase.
Ricciardi demonstrated to me the difference in the efficiency of his machine and of easily a common turbine: I could stop with the two fingers of my hand the rotation of a tur-

bine consuming the same quantity of air in

I

unit of time, meanwhile with my both hands

could not stop the rotation of his machine.

The first and more easy application of Ricciardi
's

machine is as a steam-engine. Of

course, one has to find respective material for the tube which has to preserve its elastic quality at the high temperature of the steam.

The application as combustion engine will require a more profound additional research,
I

can only say that if his machine will be put after the exhaust

pipe of a combus-

tion engine, it will deliver some 10-20% power in addition to the power produced by the
principal motor, of course, if this inclusion will not distort the work of the principal motor.
I

doubt that it will be possible to make a closed energetic circle (perpetuum mobile)

on the basis of Ricciardi 's machine, as the efficiency of the compressors is very low

(0.05-0.1), but
the experiment.

definite answer to this aspect of Ricciardi

's

machine can give only

On the next page there is a paper published in a local journal of Umbria on Ricciardi 's machine.

Note that the Christian name of Ricciardi in the paper is written wrongly

Elio instead of Stefano.

And on the page following the next page

the University of Perugia on Ricciardi
1

publish the opinion of Prof.

R.

Balli from

's

machine. If the reader will ask me, why have

published this opinion, the only possible answer which can be given is: "To show
."

how an Italian professor writes three times 'funsionamento'

What else for?

'd07

-
..1

5 S

O
ts

Q.

*
.-"en

t:

J>_

h
c ? S

fifilfil

.itl.!uiiG^^lsac
S
-B

> p

5*
1

5"^

E'-Tj

III? :lli|^|l

?iSS.?'

lltt ifli. -^P^

li|g.!.s|fjl| OC ^Xj.gj^ "O T3 O
rt

< ,

TS

:."2

<J>

3)

,03

I
O
CTQ.

ffiili
N ._
o
t5

lli^? ? 13 8 is.^i ^^5 iilllf till

208

UNIVRRSITA
l>ii'aktimicnto
ouiuu
-

1>I
1>i

prrugia
1

matkmatica
4oa4

pkkuoia via van v1tkl.l.i.

Trcr>.

07B

Pfirugia,28/ll/19R7

II

sottnscritto
di

Prof.

Inq.

Raf faille

Balli titolare
,

della
di

cattedra

Meccanica
del
Sig.

Razionale
degli

presso
Studi

il

Dipartimento
ho
del

Matematica
su
a

dell 'University

Perugia
i

esaminato
notore

richista

Stefano
n**

Ricciardi
.

diseani

fluido relativi al Brevetto

il

di cui il Ricciardi h titolare

ed

prototipo di

detto motore

costruito dal

sig. Ricciardi

stesso,prototipo del quale si allegano foto. Ha inoltre discusso

sui principi teorici che permettono il funsionanento del motore

stesso.

Rinviarlo
notore
e

all'allegato
del modo
di

per

la

discussione

costruttiva

del

funsionamento, lo

scrivente

,dichiara

quanto segue
A)Il notore in oggetto k da ritenersi ad avviso dello scrivente

originale.

B)Esso h suscettibile di impieghi in settori in cui k richiesta

una

bassa

potenza permettendo di

realizzare

risparmi

rispetto

I'imniego di turbine con analoghe prestazioni.

C)La misura del rendimento h rinviata ad un apposite certificato in corso di redezione.

D)Nel

certificate di

cui

al

punto c
per

si

auantif icher^ il vanle-

taggio che il motore in oqgetto produce riducendo

ni

vibraziopunto di

all 'albero, vantaggi

che

ora

appare

solo

dal

vista teorico.
E)Seinpre

nel

detto

certificate

si

esaninerci

la

funsionalit^

del notore con fluidi del tipo diverse ha cenclusione si ritiene

che
il

notore in oggetto h degno di seria considerazione preper

valentemente
di ihpieqrt;

impieghi

di

cui

richiesta

bassa

potenza

ed h neritevole di

studi che ne approfendisceno le pessibilit^i

209

Fig.

1.

The latest prototype of Ricciardi's machine.

210

Fig.

2.

Ricciardi and Marinov with an earlier machine. Marinov's head simulates

the container of compressed air. Ricciardi
's

finger shows the direction

of the outgoing air.

Fig. 3. Ricciardi 's machine

211 -

Fig.

5.

Ricciardi's machine,

212 -

First phase

Second phase

Fig. 6. Principle of action of Ricciardi's machine,

213

The intriguing ball-bearing motor

Whether or not one can accept the author's contention that it delivers energy produced from nothing, the novel electric motor he describes certainly deserves to be better known.

STEFAN MARINOV
is

almost unknown that

if

direct or

alternating current passes It

ball-bearings of an axle,
rotation. In the few papers
is

through the
it

Low voltage AC

is

set

in

orOC

sourcs

where

this effect

thermal engines, the gas cools during the expansion and the kinetic energy acquired by the "piston" is equal to the heat lost by the expanding gas. This is not the case in the
ball-bearing motor. Here not the whole ball

discussed, the torque

effect.

is

explained as an
is

electromagnetic

Yet the torque

due

to thermal extension of the balls in their

bearings at the points of contact with the

bearing races.

The arrangement

of the simplest ball-

becomes hot but only that small part of it which touches the race, at a "point contact" where the ohmic resistance is much higher than the resistance across the ball. Only this small "contact part" of the ball dilates; and
is very small, only a few microns. (Of course. 1 have not measured 1 only presume that it is a couple of microns.) Since the balls and the

bearing motor is given in Fig.l, where the inner races rotate. With the same ballbearings, a bigger torque can be obtained by

the dilatation

rotating the outer races. In such a case the

axle

Rg.1.

The ball-bearing motor rotates

the dilatation,
races are

in
Its

must be made

of

two

either direction, on

AC
is

or

electrically insu-

DC

supplies.

and the current goes through a metal cylinder connecting the outer races of both ball-bearings. Such are the small and big ball-bearings motors presented in Fig.2. I have established that the ball-bearing
lated parts,

mode

of operation

thermal, not electro-

made

of very hard steel, a slightly

magnetic.

produces a huge torque when one of the races rotates with respect to the
ellipsoidal ball

other.
is,

however, another

much more

important
it

Usually a push

is

needed to

start

the
i

difference; the

motion

in the conventional

ball-bearing motor. However, on occasions

motor is not an electromagnetic motor but a

thermal engine. Here the expanding substance leading to mechanical motion is steel, while the expanding substance in all thermal engines used by humanity is gaseous. There

thermal engine is along the direction of expansion of the heated substance, while in the ball-bearing thermal engine it is at right angles to the direction of expansion of the heated substance. Consequently, in gaseous

spontaneously (with a greater probability at greater bores) because the surface of the races is not absolutely smooth. With absolute smoothness and geometrical perfection, spontaneous starting is imstart

does

Great balls of fire

Ttie contents of

Dr Stefan Marinov't

travel-

weary holdall did little to dispel the scepticism which greeted the man and his theories
our editorial offices. We rambling discourse on ball-bearing electric motors which rotated without magnetism and provided work in defiance of energy conservation theory. Dr Marinov unburdened himself as a man proselytising a deeply held yet widely ridiculed

during a

visit to

and the wire will vaporise in a puff of acrid smoKe" "They get warm. sure. But I show you. Where is your carr
circuit
"In the multistorey..'

looked doubtfully at the battery, the

machine and the wires in turn.

"I'm telling you, Stefan, those wires will

politely listened to a

But Or Marinov never heard the rest of my protests. He was already down the corridor and halfway out of the building. headed him
I

off at the revolving

doors

in

the lobby.
is

"Stefan, the multi-storey

conviction.

The two baH

races, one set into each end

advance science. Lef s see if a battery from the motor transport depart-

no place to we can borrow

of a tube, didnl look to be the starting point

ment"

from which new theories are forged. Neither did the thin PVC-covered wire connecting up to the blocks at each end of this tube
supporting the ball race inner sections. 'Stefan, how much current do you need to make the races turn... Would 5A be enoughr
"No. you need a lot more than thaf.

We set off across the road. Marinov clutching his holdall.

I

sion from the

went upstairs to get permisgarage manager. When I

returned Dr Marinov was nowhere to be seen. went into the garage to enquire of the duty mechanics the whereabouts of my Bulgarian friend.
I

simply melt" He didnt answer. He forced the bare ends of the wires hard against the battery terminals. There was a shower of sparks and an eruption of smoke from the blistering cable ends. gave the tube a flick. It took up a life of its own which all but had the skin off my thumb. The tube connecting the bearing outers spun up to what must have been at least 1500 rev/min before the connecting wire, unequal to the enormous current disintegrated. "You see it turnr I looked at the burgeoning friction burn on my thumb.
I

"Yes."
I

also looked at the acrid blue haze of

rolling

PVC

"25A?"

'Have you seen a foreigner with a battery

fixation?'

Much more* "How much morer

"No.

The huddle

of

mechanics pointed

to a

"Have you got a car batteryr "Only the one fitted in my car."
'Get ill show you...' "Stefan, if you connect up a car battery to your machine using those wires, the ball races will present an almost perfect short

figure crouched over a stack of batteries in a

corner of the garage. The figure looked up

without surprise.
't

across the floor towards the group of curious mechanics. "Your bearing motor certainly works but I shall need a bit more convincing about K being a net producer of energy." Or Marinov simply gave me a look which suggested that ail his efforts had been in
vain.

smoke which was

think this should work. Put your

I

thumb

on the bearing tube and, whan

to the battery, give
it

connect up

FrankOcdM

a flick*

356

ELECTRONICS WIRELESS WORLD

April

1989

214
possible.

IN
In

A BULGARIAN PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTION

hr

During rotation the ball's "bultjt;" moves from the one race to the other, the local overheating is absorbed by the ball and the radius of the "bulge" becomes egual to the radius of the whole ball. At the new point of contact, when current passes and ohmic
heat is produced, the radius of the contact point becomes again bigger than the radius of the whole ball and again a driving torque
appears. Thus, as a result of the mechanical

1966

clinic in

was imprisoned in a psychiatric Sofia and 'cured' by horse-doses of

I

idiots in the toilet of

important effect was discussed by the a Bulgarian psychiatry, it

unorthodox political thinking. Also imprisoned in the institution to be forcibly cured was another seemingly absolutely normal man. He was a very able mechanic who, refusing to work for a salary in a state plant, had executed special work on his own lathes and milling
neuroleptics (Mageptil), of
tools installed in his living

my

was not yet registered in the scientific annals

of the physical world.

Milroy ' describes the effect without giving

room and

the

an explanation for the torque. Eleven yeart later Gruenberg' repeated Milro/s experiment and tried to give an eiplanalion. Although ha used very sophisticated mathematics, Gruenl>erg's starting hypotheses are physically nonsensical. A further later, Weenink', in a big article proceeding from the same nonsensical starting hypotheses, drew the conclusion that "the non-zero torque in first order found by Gruenberg is shown to be due to an
three years
algebraic error" (p.l71)."
the

not cooled; and consequently, in the ball-bearing thermal engine, heat is not transformed into kinetic energy. The whole heat which the current delivers

motion, the

ball is

apartments of relatives. He had earned good money, but evidently the envy of hit neigtv bours had brought him to the loonybin to be purged of his vicious individualistic behaviour.

remains

in

the

metal

substance of the

machine and increases its temperature. If the ohmic resistance between balls and races is the same both at rest and in rotation, the heat produced and stored in the metal of the machine will be the same at rest and rotalion.

This man asked me once in the toilet (as a very dangerous lunatic was kept locked the
I

This resistance, however, increases in

is

rotation; but with further increase of the

velocity the increase of resistance

slight.
I

very

established that the ball-bearing

motor

produces the same amount of heat at rest and rotation in the following manner. I measured for a definite time the temperature increase in a calorimeter in which the motor was maintained at rest, applying a tension U and registering the current I. Thus the resistance of the whole motor was R = U/l. Then 1 started the motor and applied a tension U' such that at the new resistance R' the current I' = U7R' was such that UI =
both cases I applied exactly the same electric power. According to the energy conservation law. in both cases the temperature increase of the calorimeter had to be the same, as in both cases the same
U'l';
i.e..

in isolation and watched by a policeman, and so it was only in the toilet that could speak with other human beings), "Well. Stefan, if you are a physicist explain why an axle on ballbearings rotates when current flows through if. I could not give an answer, and the mechanic shook his head: "What are the professors in the universities teaching, if they cannot explain such a simple thingr At that time I did not know titat this simple experiment was unknown to the professors; the first publication on this effect' was to appear a year later. Ergo, when this extremeI

whole day

Another theoretical paper dedicated to ball bearing motor was published a

further two years later by van Doorne*

tried to explain the torque

who

by electrostatic

forces,

but concluded that this torque, however, is too small to keep a ball-bearing motor running" (p.327). In 1980 A. Mills', in a

popular journal, showed a photograph of a ballbearing motor constructed by him and reported almost the same effects as Milroy and Gruent>erg. Not once, though, was MiNs able to self-start the motor, ttiough this can

be done very often (10%

probability)

whwi

the bail-tMariqgs have a greater bore.

increases only, say, 1.3 times. Here

wish to

avoid any confusion between the increase of

resistance because of the increase of the rate
of rotation,

in

and the decrease of resistance because of the increase oi current; although, obviously, a higher current leads to a higher
rate of rotation.

The torque disappears

if

the

ball-bearings are replaced by box-bearings.

amount
I

of electric energy was put in the

At equal applied electrical powers and equal number and size of the balls (i.e., at
equal resistance), the torque is bigger for a ball-bearing with bigger bore. A ball-bearing with two limes bigger bore has two times bigger torque. Fig.2 shows two ball-bearing motors with a small and a large bore which

machine.
recorded, however, that in the second

Fig2. Small

and targe ballbearing motors.

is suit-

case the temperature increase of the calori-

meter was higher. Thus I concluded that in both cases the ohmic produced heat was the same; however in the second case there was also heat coming from the friction of the rotating ball-bearings. The temperature increase in the second case was about 8%, while the mechanical energy produced was about 10% of the input electrical energy. One can see immediately that the ballbearing motor has no buck tension because there are no magnets, and the magnetic field
of the current in the 'stator" cannot induce
electric tension in the metal of the "rotor".

low-voltage, high-current supply

able.

have almost equal ohmic resistances (of

course, the mechanical friction of the bigger

more or
that the

less a spherical shape. It is

obvious

motor is greater). By touching both motors, one can immediately feel the difference in their torques. The bigger ball-bearing ha^ greater number of balls and consequently a
bigger torque; however,
its

maximum

velocity

is

higher for

larger balls.

# The
#The

driving force
driving force

is

higher for bigger

is less.

bores, as the curvature of the races

is

current (and

greater for bigger

power) consumption are higher.

balls, as their

curvature

is less.

IMPROVING PERFORMANCE
Methods of improving efficiency in the ballbearing motor include the following: The us^ of balls which are harder and wher^ a smaller amount of heat leads to

References
1

Milroy. R.A. Discussion.

J.

Appl. Mechanics, vol.

Thus the firm conclusion

t)all-bearing

is

to be

drawn

34,l%7,p.525.
2.
7.

that the mechanical energy delivered by the

Cruenberg. H. The

ball

bearing as a motor. Am.

motor

is

produced from noto-

Phys., vol. 46. 1978. p. 12 13.

3.

thing,

in

a drastic

contradiction

the

on
4.

Weenink. M.P.H. The elect rumagnetic torque axially symmetric rotating metal cylinders and

energy conservation law. With a direct current supply, the ballbearing motor can rotate either left or right. Thus it cannot be an electromagnetic motor,
since a DC electromagnetic motor rotates only in one direction, with a given direction of the current. The ball-bearing motor rotates with DC as well as with AC. With a greater current it rotates faster. It is interesting to note that the resistance of the
l>all-bearing

larger thermal extension.

We know

that

spheres. i4pp/. Sc. Research, vol. 37. 1981,p.l71.

motor depends on the current,

and

for higher current it is lower. If the current doubles, say, the applied tension

normally a harder solid body has a lower one has to find the optimal solution which nature offers. Tighter ball-bearings have a better pushing force, however, at the same time they will have more friction. A compromise is needed. But even if friction is very low, there is always a maximum velocity which the motor cannot surpass. At this maximum velocity, heal from the "bulge" cannot be absorbed by the ball, and the ball retains
coefficient of thermal dilatation, so that

van Doom. M.J.M. The electrostatic torque on a

rotating conducting sphere. Appl. Sc. Research, vol.40. 1983. p.327.

5.

Mills. A.A.

Tte ball bearing electric motor.

Phys.
6.

Educ.

vol. 15. 1980. p.l02.

Marinov, S. Ttie perpetuum mobile is discovered. Nature, vol. 31 7. 26 Sept. 198.'). p.xii. 7. Marinov. S. The lliorny Way ofTruth. Part II. East-West. Graz. 1st edition I984.:)rded. 1986.

Dr Marinov is at the Institute for Fundamental Physical Problems. Morellenfeld

gasseie. A80I0Graz.,\uslria.

Aprill989

ELECTRONICS fiWIRBLlilSSWORLb

357

215

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 37 (1913)

EFFECT OF REFLECTION FROM A MOVING MIRROR ON THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT

By
a. a.

MICHELSON

According to the undulatory theory of light the velocity of light

is

independent of the velocity of the source, and of the velocity of

it is reflected.

a mirror at which

According to the emission theory the resultant velocity from a

moving source is increased by the component of the velocity of the source. But it appears that different forms of emission theory require different results on reflection from a moving mirror. If the light corpuscles are reflected as projectiles from an elastic wall, then the velocity of light should be increased by twice the component of the velocity of the mirror.'

The

following arrangement

was devised

for

the purpose of

deciding the question experimentally.

Fig.

I.

Diagram
5
falls

of

apparatus

Light from a source at

on a

lightly silvered mirror

The

reflected pencil goes to

a revolving mirror D, thence to the

axis O,

C revolving about the same whence it proceeds to the plane mirror B and is reflected back to A. The transmitted pencil pursues the same path in the
concave mirror E, to the second mirror
*

An

alternative hypothesis, that the velocity of light should be increased

of the velocity of the mirror, is suggested

component

by the by R. C. Tolman but shown to

be inadmissible (R. C. Tolman, "Some Emission Theories of Light," Physical Review, August 19 1 2).
190

216

ON THE VELOCITY OF UGHT

opposite direction, returning via

191

DA

to the starting-point, where.it

meets the

first

pencil, producing interference fringes which are

observed by means of a telescope with micrometer eyepiece. According to the undulatory theory the velocity of light
unaffected

is

by

the velocity of the mirror while the emission theory'

requires that

where

V is the velocity of light after reflection, V the velocity before

and
v the

reflection

component

of the velocity of the mirror in the

direction of the reflected pencil,

and r=2 according

to the elastic

impact theory; while

r= i

if

the mirror surface acts as a

pencil

new source.

The time occupied by the

DEC is

2{D-^d)
Vr

while that taken

by the

pencil

CED is

^_2(D-d)
where

D is the distance OE, = distance the revolving mirror moves

</

while light passes over

first pencil,

DEC, and
is

Vi the resultant velocity of the

V2 that of the second.

therefore

The

difference in time

rx-r,=2
^

\v+rv V-rvA'

But

2D
whence'

Tr-T2=4y{2-r)y.
'

According to the theory of Ritz (Annales de chimie

is

et

de physique, Ser. VIII, 13,

is

1908) the velocity of light

affected

not affected by reflection from a moving mirror, but

by the motion

of the source.
v cos o,

the second order; v should be replaced by Omitting quantities of but since o is only 3, the factor cos a may be taken equal to unity.

217 -

192

A. A.

MICHELSON
of the interference fringes
is

The corresponding displacement

A=
For
r

^ =4x(2~r):^
=o
^ "= ^T t7
'=='

^ = 4^7

^^

"

r=2

A=o

The experiment was tried under the following conditions. The revolving mirrors were mounted on the shaft of an electric motor the speed of which (measured by a speed counter) could be varied from zero to i8oo revolutions per minute. The distance between centers of the mirrors was 7 = 26.5 cm;' the distance OE was 608 cm. The light of the carbon arc (in one experiment,
sunHght) was
filtered

through a gelatine film transmitting Hght of

mean wave-length ^=o'^6o. The formula for the displacement,

ID A = S-n-n-
A y
or

if

is

turns per sec.

A = TTiV- AF 60
gives with these data

if

IS

turns per

mm.

and

=o

a displacement of 3.76 fringes for

1000 revolutions per minute.

Following
speed.
It
is

a table of results of observations reduced to this

appears therefore that within the limit of error of experiment

per cent) the velocity of a moving mirror
is

(say

without influence

on the velocity of light reflected from its surface. Assuming that the effect is actually nil, this interference method

may
*'

be used to measure the velocity of light with an order of

article in the Phil.

accuracy equal to that of the improved Foucault method or of the

combination" method proposed in an

Mag.

^ This agrees within less than i per cent with the distance calculated from the measured distance AB of the interferometer mirrors.

218

ON THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT

March
1902.

193

Any one of

these three

methods

is

capable of furnish-

ing results of the order of accuracy of one part in one hundred

thousand; and differential measurements

(e.g.,

with the light of the

219 -

*4-p

Fig. 1. The interferometric "coupled mirrors" experiment

experiment, mirrors C and D which are put at the opposite ends of a rotating rod with
length
1

= 2R

must be put at the rims of two rigidly rotating disks with radius R,

the distance d between which is equal to the double distance OE in Michel son's experi-

ment.

Now

shall compare the "parameters" of both experiments and their sensitivities as

1

estimated by me and by Michel son (see fig.

1.

above and fig.

in Michel son's paper).

The effect in my interferomentric "coupled mirrors" experiment is the shift A,,

i.e., the difference (in units of length) betwe^yiSie light ray reflected by mirror M^

and the light ray reflected by mirror M, because the photons in the first ray must come
to the separation point at the semi-transparent mirror M^ with a certain time delay

for the cases where the axis of the apparatus is first perpendicular to the laboratory's

absolute velocity and then parallel to it. This shift is (see formula (19.7) in Ref. 1,
or formula (2) in Ref. 2, or formula (52.3) in Ref. 3)
Aj = 47TdjRjNjV/c
,

(i:

where d^ is the distance between the mirrors,

R,

is the radius of the rotating mirrors,

N^ is the number of revolutions per second of the shaft and v is the absolute velocity

of the laboratory. For the relation of this shift to the wavelength of the used light, i.e., for the so-

called "displacement" (measured in units equal to the length of the wavelength), we obtain
z^ = A^/Xj = 4TTd^R^NjV/Xc^ = K(v/c).
(2)

220 -

In my experiment

(1-2) ' had^ d,

140 cm, R, = 40 cm, N, = 120 rev/sec, X = 6.33x10

-' '

cm. Thus
K = 4TTd^RjNj^/Xc = 4.45.

(3)

Consequently if my experiment should be performed for the cases when the mirrors
first are at rest and then moving, the shift will be 4.45 wavelengths. Indeed,
I

estab-

lished (see p. 190 in Ref. 3) that by changing N with 13 rev/sec the shift was half a

wavelength.
I

estimated my measuring error

1)

when measuring v

to be (see formula (19.4) in

Ref.

6z = (1/Tr)8xl0"^ = 2.5x10"^.

(4)

Indeed, as my estimated measuring error in v was 6v = 17 km/sec, we obtain

6z = K6v/c = 2.5x10'^.
2.

(5)

The effect in the above Michelson's experiment is the shift A, i.e. the differei
first
2

between the paths of the light ray reflected by mirror D and the light ray reflected
oy mirror C because the photons in the first ray must come to the separation point at

the semi transparent mirror A with a certain time delay for the cases when the mirrors
C

and D are not rotating and rotating. This shift is (see the relevant formula above)
.

Ag = 4TT(2d2)(2R2)N2/c.

(6)

where d^ (= OE) is the distance between the center of the

E. Ro (= 1/2)

rotating rod and the mirror

is the half-length of the rotating rod and N2 is the number of revolutiot

per second.
For the relation of this shift to the wavelength of the used light, i.e., for the

so-called "displacement", we obtain, for A = 6x10"^ cm,

(^2

^^^

^'"

'^2

1^.25 cm, N^ = 16,66 rev/sec

(7)

Z2 = 16TTd2R2N2/Xc = 3.75.

Michelson estimated his error to be,

while my estimated error was
eighty

"

say ", 2%, i.e., two per cent of the wavelengtl

times lower, i.e., 0.025%. However, MichelI

son measured his shift with his eye, while

measured it by registering the signals

coming from photoresistorsto

sensitive Wheatstbne bridge. On the other hand, Michelson

I

did measurements having first the rotor at rest and then rotating, while

did measure-

ments at a constant rate of rotation of the shaft.

Here
I

should like to cite the comments of my anonymous FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS refe-

ree sent to me by the editor. Prof, van der Merwe, on the 23 June 1983 (see Ref. 4):

was infDrmed by (the name deleted) of the Department of the Air Force, Air Force I Office of Scientific Research, Boiling Air Force Base, that Dr. Marinov's experiments were to be repeated by the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics. On inquiry, I learnt that JILA is not carrying out the experiments, because preliminary engineering studies had indicated that it lay beyond the expertise of the laborabory to achieve the mechanical tolerance needed to ensure a valid result.

IGNORANT CRIMINALS!

221

REFERENCES
1.

S.

Marinov, Eppur

si

muove (C.B.D.S., Bruxelles, 1977, third ed. East-West, Graz,

1987).
2. S.

Marinov, General Relativity and Gravitation, 12, 57 (1980).

Physics, vol. Ill (East-West, Graz, 1981).

3. S. Marinov, Classical
4.

S. Marinov, The Thorny Way of Truth, Part II (East-West, Graz, 1984, third ed. 1986),

Roberto Monti,
(in Boscoli
's

Stefan Marinov,

Renzo Boscoli

villa in Emiglia-Romagna in the hot April days

of the cold fusion euphory 1989)

222 -

MARINOV'S INTRODUCTION OF ZAMBONI'S PAPERS

... certo non puo non essere ammirabile una vita di PERENNE movimento spirata dall 'Elettrico nella bruta materia:

dall'Elettrico dominatore superbo nelle regioni dell'aria, e schiavo incatenato quaggiu nelle pile: novello Sansone, che, fiaccato il nerbo delle forze, altro non puo che mandare in giro una ruota.
G.

Zamboni

Prof. Omero Speri gave me in April

1989 a photocopy of Zamboni

's

booklet ELETTRO-

MOTORE PERPETUO and of Zamboni

's

1835-paper in which he defends (against the attacks

of de la Rive) his concepts that the MnOp dry batteries preserve their tension eternally, independently of the fact whether they deliver or not electric current.
Zorzi and Speri have constructed a similar dry battery.
I

saw it. The battery pre-

sents an absolutely hermetically sealed up box from which only two wires come out. The

tension was 153 mV. One can close the electrodes shortly whatever time (the flowing

current is of the order of tens of picoamperes) but the tension on the electrodes
remains always 153 mV. For years no change was registered in the produced tension.
The battery is free for sale under the following condition: The battery will be deli-

vered free of charge and will remain at the customer shortly circuited. If after three

months its tension will remain the same, the battery will be bought; if the tension
will fall, the battery will be returned.

Such a battery, apparently, has constructed the reader of the P.M. MA6AZIN Karl

Brauer (read the information which

publish after Zamboni

a

's

papers).

The abbe Giuseppe Zamboni, who was

professor in the royal lyceum in Verona, has

constructed first "eternal" dry batteries. One of his batteries drives since 1840 a
clock which is in the Clarendon Laboratory in the Oxford University and can be visited by any curiuos person.
I

reproduce in TWT-VI only the initial and the final pages of Zamboni

's

booklet

and paper, as there are too many details which will be boring for the reader. All
figures which are enclosed to the booklet are reproduced.
I

should like to turn out reader's attention to fig. 27 of Zamboni

a

's

booklet which

represents

machine moving eternally, if we should assume that the battery will keep

its tension eternally. The principle of action of this electrostatic machine is clear

from the figure (and is similar to the principle of action of Zamboni

ted in fig. 28).

's

clock presen-

Paul Baumann told me that his first perpetual motion machine, which he constructed
in the prison before the wheel

machines shown on

|0p.

30 and 31 of TWT-V, had exactly

's

the same kind of motion as the machine in fig. 27 of Zamboni

booklet. Baumann did

- 223

not tell me whether there were dry batteries in his machine (as in Zamboni's machine)

or there were no batteries (as in TESTATIKA), and as

I

presume

that the case was.

am very curious to learn whether Baumann has heard or read about the eternal clock
,

of Zamboni

about the influence machines, about Whimshurt's machine, about the electro,

static motors of Holtz-Poggendorf-Grliel

or he himself has REDISCOVERED all these ma-

chines and moreover has done paces which none of his predecessors was able to do, na-

mely to generate eternal motion without the use of batteries and producing in parallel
huge amounts of free energy.

There is a great dispute whether Zamboni's eternal clock is

perpetuum mobile or

not. The sustainers of the opinion that it is a perpetuum mobile (as me) assert that it

will

"tick" eternally and that no chemical reactions take place in the batteries. The

supporters of the energy conservation law sustain the opinion that some day it will
stop, as irreversable chemical reactions take place in the batteries and the "lost

chemical energy" transforms

into

kinetic energy.

But to have an experimental demon-

stration of the perpetuum mobile concepts* we have to await some

to see whether Zamboni's clock will stop its motion.
I

3-4

thousands years

should like only to note that conventional physics obviously is not very pleased

with the 150-years ticking of Zamboni's clock and hides its existence. There is no textbook all over the world where the existence of this clock will be mentioned.
My cousin. Prof. Evgeni Budevski
,

who is director of the Laboratory for chemical

sources of electrical energy in Sofia, Bulgaria, visited my lecture at the Technovafair on the 9 June 1989 in Graz.
I

told him about Zamboni's eternal battery. He has

never heard about it. Budevski is one of the world's authorities in electro-chemistry
and he has never heard about the eternal clock in Oxford. What to say about the other
less informed persons. Let me add that Zichichi-i-i-i has invited Budevski at the confe-

rence in Erice, Sicily, in April

1989 for a discussion of the cold fusion "observed" by

Fleischmann+Pons and Johnes. The opinion of my cousin (who has published papers together
with Fleischmann) from the very beginning categorically was: there is no fusion.

224

..

-IL
<t>

-I-J.JL
<^lf)i'>

rvjhH>

f>r/

cJOKJM

ELlilTTjiOMOTOUE PEUPETIJO

dell' iBATE

(iiusurrii:

zaaibuni

m
2tf
TirOCAAFlA Dl O. ARTOI^KLLI

C%

1843.

^r%^

r^\

^ ^-AMlgd &W^

225

svia:

ISTllUZlO^U TEOlUCO-rWATICA.
DELL'AUA'l'E

CIUSErrK ZAMBOISl
rnOFESSORE
nFi.i.^iMp. R.
I>ri.l.'

DI tlSICA SrEHDlEiNTALE E MATK.MATICA ArrLICAT4

Licto ni

vi:noriA,

memuwo effettivo pehsiohato

IJir.

HEC. ISTITUTO VEWETO, U>0 DEI QUAIll^TA DELI.A

SOCIETA ITALlAdA DELLE SCIEnLf, E SOCIO bl VAniP. ACCADENIE

VKUOINA
Tirot;nAiu
i>i

i^iisriTi: A>T<)>ni.i.i

226

^ m)i

iLi^iODiBs

Un

islroinonlo elcllrico Ji
di

tal

forza molricc, clic

51

(lair (\s|K'rirn7.a

trnita e piu aniil,

iiuIiTinibilc,

a|)palrsa
si

ormai

cluralina per uii

tempo

ben

iiierila Ic cii*

re del
nierj^ia,

Fisico per communicar^Ii la niaggior

e

possibilc

rindiislria del nierraiiit o

si

per cavarne alciina

utile

applicazionc. Tal

la

Pi/a eleUrlca

secca\
clic

ossia
lio

EleUromotorc perpetuo^ subbietlo delTOpcra

:

pubblicata ncl 1820, in duo vojiiini

il

primo

dc*

quail e uii trattato clemenlare di clettricila, c Taltro

versa unicameiitc sulla delta

pila.
]iu

Ora
vSt*

poi considerando cio rlic

le
iiovit.i

importa in qucair/J

Opera, c

sopravvenulc,
nirpjlio

die ristani-

paria con ag^inntc, lio rredulo

rislringer tulto

ad una Islruzionc o
si

])er cos'i

dir popolare.

Imperciocrlie
ogiii

voj^lia

rostriilro,

c disporre

anonclaineiile
ripiilire,

parte di qiiesla maecbina, o

debbasi

o rime-

diare a qualcbe disordine ocrorso, e troppo necessario,

rbe
tien

r()perat(re sappia

dirifi;ere

la
,

f<nza clellrira, cbc

in

vivo

il

nioto

del
le

y)endol()

ed abbia
pesi

pralica

rolesia
nei

forza,

come

allre

dei

delle mollc

(oniinii orolo|;i.

227 -

II

pcrcho
dl

1101)

la

<)(ii

nicbliuii

uii

tialtalo

com-

jilclo

clcUricila,

ma

iiollaiilo

una

bpoblzloii

facile c

piaua (Idle doUriiie

|io

olcUriclie
1'

piu impoiiaiili alio moIslruzloiie

sopracceimalo. Perlaiilo
parli.

bara ill\isa iu

Ire

La prima
Miir elellrico.

dara

le

nozioui,

v.

teorie

roiidamciilali

La
La

seconda Irallera degll Elellromolori, c coslni-

zione delle Pile secclie.

lerza degli usi
cli'

ed appllcazioiu di qucsle Pile.

lo spero
iiera

cziaudio a Fisici dl professione noii tor-

discaro queslo

mlo

lavoro, chc iiella seconda sua

parte splega dliTusameule

secca, e vien

doUrine

special!

sulla

pila

poi iiella tcrza a propagarc anclie fuorl

Fisica le luaraviglic c con esse
clie

de* Gablnelli di

Tamor
aiiiini-

dclla sclenza
rabile
lrico

al

cerlo iion puo

non essere

una
iiella

vila di

crcnne movimenlo spirala

malcria:
dall* Elellrico

dall' Elel-

brula

dominalorc
incalenalo
fiaccalo
il

supcrbo nolle

rcgioni dell* aria, e

:

scliiavo
clie,

quaggiu nelle pile

novcllo
allro iioa

Sansono,

nerbo

delle lorze,

puo cbe mandaro

in giro

una ruola.

228^

immmimmmimmmmmmmmi
PARTE
PllLMA

NOZIONI E TEOniE FONI) AMENT ALI

SULL'ELETXniCO

1.

SHGIll

F.LETTfllCl.

j^J. tiraiione eleltrica

ill

E^li e un fiiUo volyanncnle nolo

vhc.

un pczzo

vclro bcii usciutlo,

di
Ic

ccra laccu, Joiio arcrlo

slropicciato sulla lann,

bii

od
JI

aiiclic fra

dila

hen

asciultc,

lira

linn
a.

pngliuzza^

un

fil

refc,

ili

carta ccc.
dclll

Rlpulsione
il

elcUrica.

Alcuni

dci

ininuzzuli,
via

toccalo
sc

nppcna

velro,

la

ccra lacca per allrn/lono,

av(';ili

poi

nc

fii^gono rcspinli dal rurpo clio

3.
laiiipt

prima

allralli.
,

Luce
ill

cUtlrica.

Spt'riiucnlaiido

nclP oscuiilii

si

vcgj^ono

liicc

{ulzzarc c disoorrcrc sidh; parcli did

vfclro,

o dclla

crra lacca, alP alio die vcngono ^liopicrialc. Que' dtic nioviiiicnli
di

ottrazioiie,

c ripuhhttCy c cpicsla

luce

si

dicouo
11

sc^ni eld-

Irici,

c cliianiahi e/cllrizzalo <|ucl corpo, die

protlucc.

229

H.

l\i.i:iii\oMi.iiio.

4.
iiiriilo

I'^ii

scjjMi

elcllrici
iiclP

la

ripulsione vuol csscrc

^

qui

spccial-

Ciiiisiilcrala

Klclliomclro

stroincMilo

die

avrci.iu sciu-

prc

alia inaiio

iiclla

prcscnlc IsU'uzluiic.

VitMic csso formato

da una cauipana
I. )

di

crUluIlo,

boUlglia

sonza fondo
^iareic

di

vctro

( fi^.

la

([ual

licnc iiicullalc sulP inlorna

V una riinpcUo

alP altra
dirlla

due

slriscc di slagnuola, altc

i{iiali si

una

luola circa dclP allczza

ill),

hollijjiia,

vrj;i;ono

in

AH,

c couHUiicanli nclla luro r^licnilla

ron

ini

piano nichutiiglia,

lallico,

die saldato con

niaslicc lullo

ulP intorno

dclla

svrsii

a qucsla di fundo. Ollro a cio un lido di crislallo

EG

co-

pci'lu

dcnlro c fuuii di

cci'a

lacca, lun;o

da due
tiallo

in

Ire

pollici,

sporjjc fuori dclla liocca dclla buUiglia

pollici,

pd

di

circa

due

c porta come suo assc un

(ilo

mctallico FlI fisso con

Iiuij^liczza,

un

turacciolo di niaslicu ulla uicla di sua

c sporgcnle per
lilo

inczzo

pollice

fuori

dell* cslrcniila

del

lubo slesso. Qucslo

mctallica

porla infci ionncnle

nd

suo tcmiine II una lamina

ar-

cuala

MO,

a^li
d^

cslrcmi dclla ipiale stanno pcndcnli due

foglictte
I^IN,

(|uadnlnni;lic

oro

luUlnlo

alia

massima
linec

sollij^liczza

OP,
c
51

V una

air altra parallclc,

distanli

due

circa

fra

loro,

lunglie,
niila

die vcncndo a divcrgcrc possano loccarc colle loro cslrcIc

N,P

slajjnnolc

AB,Cl).

II

lubo
di

introdoUo colle
cpicsta

foi;lielle

udia
alia

i)oUi<;ria

vien saldato alia

bocca

con

niaslicc,

soniinita

del

lilo

s'

inncsta a \itc

una spuola mctallica

US

piu lar^a del tiibo, lunga poco piu di un pollicc, e cliiusa di so-

pra dal piano mclallico

TT
il

tlello

il

botlone

dell'

Elcllromclro.
aria

Prima

d'

inlrodurrc

lubo colle

foglleltc,

inlerna

sia

ben

disseccata, c diiusa la botll^lia

da per ww

lullo

criiiclicamenlc.
dllicalo

Lo

slromenlo tinora desirlUo

sa^jjlalore

dci

7 corpi ckttrlttali; poichc se dopo

col dito asciullo
loiic

aver anclic Icggcrnicnic ifrcgaU

una canna
vcdrctc
il

di ccra lacca, voi

P apprcssale

al

bul-

TT,

loslo
clic

icgno cIcUrico dtlla ripuUiune dellc

due fugHcUc,

difcrgouo rapidauiciitc.

m.

ELETTniCITA fOSITITA C riECATITA.

5.

prcdrlli rciioincni

o scgni

clcllrici

at

fainio

dipcndcrc da
ela

un Huidu noiuinuto EieUrico,

stico scnza
iiiitiirii)
ill

flutdo

souilissimo,

somniamcntc
corpo

peso

del qual iluido e ripieno ciascun

nllu

delta

duBC proporziunnlu

ciipuciiU del corpo.

Qucsla capacity dc' corpi per conlcnerc V

dera
provdntre

elelliico
fra essi

si

consi,

da un' attrazionc scambicvolc

coq>i

PclelUico.

finchc un corpo conlicnc in se tanla dose di det-

tiieo (ptojito csigc la

sua attrazionc per (picsto Iluido,

,

il

corpo

non produce alcun fenomcno

<|uc.slo

o segno
,

eletlrlco

c lo

sUito di

corpo dicesi stato naturale

o stato di cqtiililrh attoiuto.

(

Ma

(|u;uulo ncl

corpo per qualclie operazione

. I. )

come sarebbc

lo

sfregaincnto
Irico

ncgli sperimcnti del

vi sia
si

una dose
aila

di clcl-

nin;glorc

o minorc

di quella

die

convienc

capacita,

od allrnzlonc del corpo,

c produce
i

allora questo
clettrici,

corpo diviene

elellritzaio^
il

fenomeni o segni
il

per mezzo dei quali

(luido
il

tcndc a ricuperarc

perdulo cquilibrio, c quindi rimetterc

cor-

po

nello stato naturale di prima.

G.

In due

modi pcrlanto P uno

i. per cccesso:

alP allro contrarj

si

puo un

corpo

elollrlzzare.

a^ per

difetto.

Klettrizzato per cccesso, la sua elcttricita

ticgntiK'a

dicesi

posltiva

c
di-

cpiando sia per

lie!

difelto*,

il

corpo stesso cleltrizzalo

secondo:
i

cesi posilivo

primo caso, c
altro
si

ncgati\fo ncl

ma

tanto

in
(

un caso come nelP

I. ).

manifcslano

Ire

scgni

elctlrici

Imprrtiocclic

incominciando

dnIP attrazionc

cicttrica,

Pages

8-92

are OMITTED

- 231

Due
ili

ill

sifallc pile
f.

inaccciiiliili

nIParia csislono nci

G;iliincU(>

Fibica dclP

R. UnivcrsiUi

di

PaJova, die

i\i

anclic a tcni|icaniii,

raturc infcriori a zero, manlcngono

Ic

scmprc

vivc,

da dicci c piu

oscillazioni del

pendolo, c coutono ormai quindici anni di

prcscnic lavoro,
,

eta.

Poiigo fine

al

ma non

ccsscrb

gia

da

ulle-

rion sUidi per inlgliorare

inservienli
all'

se

fia

possibilc, la condiiioii dellc pile

orologio

c V elcUrico di lanla encrgia nolle Volliacolic

ne,

clic

scmhra garcggiare persino

,

macchinc a vaporc^ an-

clic debolissimo

ma

inccssantc nolle pile sccchc, ahbia col raolo

cunliiiuo ad acquistar prcgio nella misura del tempo.

232

INDICE
A
vni

IBGGE

Pug. 3

PAKTE PRIMA.
riOZIOM E TEOhlE FOIVDlMF.r(TALI
SULl' ELETTRICO.

r.-iin-^r. [.

Sc{;ni ElvUrici

n n

II.

EicUrometro
Elctiricita positiva e ncf^ativa

6
7

III.

....
.

IV. ConduUori cd Isolanti dclt Eletirico

n
it

V. Carica c Tcnsionc Elcltrica

VI. Elcttncita
dl

....
'

y
I2

Pressione

ed Elcttricltd di

Carica
VII.

i4

Cvnduttori piu o mcno capaci di Carica

Eletlrica

l8

VIII. Strumenti Eletlrici che risultano dalle

Do Urine
I.

sovraespostc

n
n

Elcttro/oro

23

II.

Qitadro Ma^ico e Dotttglia di Leyden

a4

III.

Condcnsalore

aC

PAUTE SECONDA.
DECLI ELETTnOMOTOni
Par;ij;r. I.
|

E COftTIvrzlOnE DELLE riLE iCCUlB. n n n

I,

Facollu EleUromoince fra secco e sccco

a8
3i

II.
III.

Facolta Elettromotricn fra sccco cd uniido

Delia Pila Folliana

33

IV.

DcUc

Pile secclic
d*

4o

V. Dalle Pile secclic di carta

ar^cnlo e di
. . . .

Ossido ncro di Mani^anrsc

VI. Delia Pila
tfirta

4^

Binaria

conicufiln

ncllc sole

mctallitlic

"47

233

Parajp-.

WU

/f^'vcrtenze

ml

prcpararc

Ic

carte tt ar^

gento col manganese

VIII. Dixfisionc del fogli
in coppie e

Pag.

4*)

formar

elettrica
.

uone

dclla Pila

5i

IX. Rcgole per misurare la tensione

dcllc Pil<s secche

>

55

X. Delle cause
trka
I.

injluenti.

nella,

tensione elel^

delle Pile..
.

Umidila
Calorico

57

JI.

w 61.
delle coppie

Wlj

Es tens tone

63

IV. Compressione delle coppia

....

n G4.

PARTE TEUZA.
PEGLI USI ED irrLICAZIOIfl DELLE FILE ELETTAICHE SECCOE.

Paragr.

I.

Elettroscopio con due Pile secche

68
71
73.

II.

Spcn'enzc Elettromclriche

III.

Spcrlcnze sulla leoria della Pila Vokiana

IV. Fenomeniclcttrodinaniici della pila secca.

76.

V. Dcgli usi nxeccanici

llcgolc

delle pile secche

..

78.

generali per la contmuazione del

moto fra due pile

........
.

ivi

\l. jdpplicauoni delle regole precedenti a varic specie di

moto mcccanico

84,

VII.

isfposition

delle pile p er il moto oscillatorio

8
86.
ivi

VIII.

Moto

rotatorio oriztontale

....
.

Moto

oscillatorio verticalo

Altaleno

opplicato alle pila

87

DcW Orologio

88.

234

^^

A
-

236 -

-4DIFE S A
DEGLI ARGOMENTI TRATTJ DALLE PILE SEGCHE

PER LA TEORIA VOLTIANA

CONTRO LE OBBIEZIONI

DEL SIGNOR DE LA RIVE

MEM
DELL'
A
B.

RI GIUSEPPE ZAMBONI
VERONA

FROF. DI FISICA E3PERIMENTALE E MATEMATICA APPUGATA

NELL' L R. LICEO DI

(published in the year 1835)

vjri^ fin dal 1814 ^ notisslma a* Fisici la pila

elettrica

sin-

golare, che ho nominato binaria ; perch^ ogni suo eletnento contlene un solo conduttor secco interposto fra due strati

d'

uno

stesso

umido con dlsuguaglianza

elettrica,

di contatto.

lo

1'

ar-

gomentai dalla tensione

che

si

manifesta in una pila

sole

coraposta, o di sole carte d' argento^ o di

carte d'oro.

Ma

perciocche nella costruzione delle pile

secche, abbando-

nata fin da principio la carta d' ore, vi ho sostituito Tossido nero di manganese, cosl allora il mio studio rivolsi alia pila
binaria contenuta nella sola carta d' argento^ e di questa sol-

tanto ho parlato difFusamente nella mia Opera suli'^/e/Zromotore perpetuo. In appresso,si per migliorare la costruzion delle pile

ancora per esaminare i fondamenti della nuova , come Teoria Elettro-chimica , ho ripigliato le mie indagini sopra ciascuna delle predette due carte: e meglio conosciuta Telettrica sua influenza,

della Teoria Voltiaha, che

mi risultarono argomenti speciali a favore mi propongo di sostcnere nella preI

237

sente Memoria
dirnostrare:
I.

contro le oLbiezIoni del

Sig.

De

la

Rive, e

Che

il

contatto fra due conduttori eterogenei produce

tensione

elettrica senza intervento di azione chiinica. II.

la delta

Che

ammessa

tensione anche per razioue chimica delTuoii-

do coi metallic ii mutuo contatto di questi e la sorgente primaria dell* eccitarnento elettrico nolle pile Yoltiane.

PARTE PRIMA.
I.

Pel primo assunto io vengo innanzi colic pile secche di

carte d' oro e d'argento, le quali

et^5

Don gia come dice

il

Sig.

De

la

dopo ventiquattro anni di Rive {i)'donnent encore

des traces d* electricite de tension bien sensibles , ma conser* vano la tensione medesima de* primi anui senza indizio alcuno
di ossidamento.

Che queste

pile

tenute accessibili

all' aria

riprendano da

questa Tumido che avessero perduto^ non si pu6 uegarlo,ma non pu6 dirsi lo stesso di quelle che fin dalla lor costruzione si mantennero inaccessibili all' aria ^ avendole contornate di un grosso strato di mastice o chiuse ermetlcaraente in tubi ben isolanti, e ritengono tuttavia dopo si lungo tempo la tensione medesima. La costanza di questo efietto come mai spiegarla coUa nuova teoria? L* azione chimica continua doveva al certo in tanto tempo scomporre, ed esaurire il pochissimo umido delle carte chiuse ermeticamente , e sarebbesi quindi veduta la tensione via via scemando d* anno in anno , estinguersi totalmente.
II.

Voglionsi qui notare tre cause assegnate dal Sig.

1'

De

la

Rive per
].^

ossidamento continue delle foglie metalliche e

ossi-

sono:

L' umidit^ naturale della carta a parer suo piu dante delT acqua pura.
(i) Bibllot. Univers.

Mor 183;
Pages

p.

193.

3-18 are OMITTED

238

>9

Qual
sott'

cosa piu parlante di slfatta esperienza per

il

raettere
dell'

occhio

contatto raetallico,

come sorgente primaria

eccitamento elettrico? Quanto servigio alia dottrina del Volta dalle pile secche , che sono pur tutte cosa sua. Egli trov6 dapprincipio contradditori, che negavangli Tidentita dell*elettrico della pila con quelle delle macchine ordinarle; e la pila secca mostrando la tension de' suoi poli o piu viva, od estinta, col ricevere elettricita simile o contraria da esse macchine,
fini di

convertire

piu pertinaci. Insorgono adesso potent!

avversari per abbattere il fondamento della sua scoperta ^ la teoria del contatto ; e le pile secche gli preparano, io spero,

una seconda

vittoria.

FINE.

239

PETER MOOSLEITNER INTERESSANTES MAGAZIN

(unknown number, somewhere after 1984)

P.M.-Iieser
1)aute

Wunder-

batterie nach
Zu dem Bericbt So funkiioniert die englische Wunderbatterie^ in P.M. Nr. 6/84: Angeregt durch die Beschreibung der Batterie. die

Batterie nachgebaut. Nach vielen Vorversuchen hat er in zweimonaliger Arbeit folgendes Prinzip angewandt:

schluii

Er hat eine neue Taschenlampenbatterie zerlegt und das Gemisch aus Mangandioxid und Kohlepulver sorgfaltig herausgewaschen. Das so entstandene Pulver hat er mit destilliertem Wasser. Tapetenkleister und etwas Holzleim angertihrt und auf die eine Seite von Schreib-

und stellt gleichzeitig den elektrischen Kontakt zu den Klingeln her. Zvnschen den beiden Glocken hat Hen Brauer an einem Seidenfaden eine kleine Kugel aufgehcingt, die nun hin- und herschwingt wie in dem
P.M.-Bericht beschrieben.

im Clarendon-Laboratorium Oxford (England) schon seit uber 140 Jahren arbeitet.

in

Die Spannung zwischen den beiden Glockenschalen

v/urde von Henn Brauer mit Hilfe eines speziellen hochempHndlichen Elektroskops gemessen. Sie betrSgt etwa 1450 Volt. Die Frequenz. mit der die Kugel die G16ckchen berUhrt, betr^gt 0.6 Hertz. Die Aussichten, dafi auch diese Batterie Uber viele Jahre halten vmd, sind sehr gut. Hen Brauer hat es jedoch abgelehnt, uns in 140 Jahren Bescheid zu geben. ob die Anlage dann noch bimmelt.

hat P.M.-Leser Karl Brauer aus Hannover eine Shnliche

maschinenbogen

gestri-

chen. Nach dem Trocknen hat er die B6gen von der anderen Seite mit Zinkfarbe bestrichen. Die so behandelten Papierbogen hat er nach dem

Trocknen geprefit und in zwei mal zwei Zentimeter kleine Quadrate zerschnitten. In zwei PlexiglasgehSusen hat Herr Brauer je 620 der so entstandenen Plattchen gestapelt, und zwar links mit der Zinkseite nach oben. Oben und unten bildet je

eine

Metallplatte

den Ab-

Die Wnnderbatterie von Karl Brauer. Niedrige

Stroxnleistvuig

und hobe

Spaxinung verheiBen eine lange Lebensdauer.

240

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROSTATIC MOTORS WITH FREE ENERGY MERIT.

Dr Panos T. Pappas, Professor of mathematics. Professor of Physics. Marcopulioti 26, Athens 11744, Greece.
An electrostatic motor is based on the action of forces of investigated to electric charges. Such forces have been well depent* on a central inverse square law, i.e. the Coulomb law for This law is the most typically known law to electric charges. i.e a field to balance energy imply a conservative field, the transaction for any closed motion of the charges. Therefore, electrostatic field is the most inappropriate force field to Any produce an excess energy balance in a closed path motion. perpetuum mobile machine of finite size will depend on one or on several closed motions. mobile Consequently, a perpetuum electrostatic machine should actually incorporate the action of a different principle.

For such an action related to an electrostatic field, we may think that of arc associated with a discharge of the an electrostatic field. Indeed, in reference (1) it is proved that according to the Cardinal Law of Electrodynamics of Ampere, the most fundamental and infallible law, excess energy occurs in an arc of a discharge under certain circumstances. Excess energy many times the e lectroniovolts** avai lable by the potential, is systematically measured in charges accelerated in arc discharges, and constantly reported in the literature, references (2), since many years. This fact is also expressed by the negative resistance, typically known in electrical engineering for certain arcs R - dU/DI < 1. However, according to this equation and assuming the resistance of the arc is a negative constant, as long as the arc practically conducts, then the energy transaction is:
Q f
J

|IRdI - TRt

2.

The sign of Q is the sign of R. For a positive R, Q is positive and dissipative. However, for R negative, Q is also negative and Q stands for the opposite of dissipation, i.e. the energy offered to the circuit. According to the above considerations we may suggest a model of an electrostatic motor with a free energy merit. By free energy merit we mean that the overall output energy, useful work plus dissipation, is in excess to the input energy. Whether this motor will be a perpetuum mobile depends on the useful work versus the dissipation. Dissipation as a low form of energy, contrary to the useful work, can not be recycled. Therefore, though the energy output may be in excess, the recyclable energy may be below the required to keep the motor running. However, a motor with a free energy merit can always in principle be upgraded to minimize dissipation and maximize useful work so that to become an overj
depend

electronvolts

241 -

unity machine, i.e. greater than unity.

machine

with

performance

coefficient

Our suggested electrostatic motor is shown in the figure. The motor is similar to a cyclotron used in high energy physics. consists of a series of an even number of capacitors It distributed unif ormity*on the circumference of the stator as shown. The rotor consists of an equal number of charged electrets uniformly distributed in a such a way to pass between the plates permanently capacitors. electrets are of the The electrostatically charged cubes alternatively with opposite electret a permanent polarities. (An is the equivalent of magnet) The outer plates as well as the inner ones of the capacitors are connected to a pole of a spark gap in a such way** that a spark may occur between two neighbor outer plates as well as between the neighbor plates of two inner plates. Function of the motor: The plates are allowed to be charged by Induction as shown in the figure, by closing momentarily the arc gaps. The rotor is set to rotation by an external torque. As each electret is approaching induced the respective capacitor the charges on the plates, assist the rotation of the electrets***As the electrets leave the capacitors the potential rises rapidly because the high dielectric constant, in the presence of the elctret, drops to that of vacuum. This potential rise is farther boosted by the approaching next electret which carries the same charges as the charges on each plate. of this As a result potential rise on the plates, an excessive potential appears across each spark gap. A spark occurs on each gap when the voltage exceeds the threshold. Because of the negative resistance of the arcs, current overflows from the plates and reverse charges appear on each plate. This reversal is also assisted by the approaching next electret. The same time the reversal of the charges assist also the motion of the next electrets in the same direction. Therefore, the cycle is constantly assisted and the motion becomes perpetuum. Obviously, this model can be improved by modern electronics. For example, the spark gaps can in principle be replaced by any negative solid state device, with appropriate threshold voltage and with bigger negative resistance part than the positive resistance part.
.

REFERENCES
1.

P.T. Pappas, Proceedings, International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1988. P.T. Pappas, Raum and Zeit, 36, 76, 1988. G.B. Walker, G. Walker, Nature, 263, 401, 1976. E. Kobel, Phys. Rev., 36, 1636, 1930. J.D. Sethian, D.A. Hammer, Phys. Rev. Lett., 40, 451, 1978. W.G. Trans. R Duffield, T.B. Burnham, A.H. Davies, Philos. 5oc. London, Ser A, 220 A, 4, 109, 1926.
.

-.
-.

-.

H.M.P. Stoch, J. Phys. D, 6, 988, 1973. R. Tanberg, Phys. Rev., 35, 1080, 1930. H. Aspden, IEEE Trans. Plasma, Sci., PS-5
**such
a

No

3,

Sept.

1977.

uniformly

way

***the commas! ****perpetual

242

STATIC fJ A IL^ CHAfiaeo PLATE'S

QOTATINQ BLECTZETS

Schematic diagram Electrostatic Motor.

of the

principle of

the Pappas'

Arced

243 -

For reproduction in TWT VI

COLD NUCLEAR FUSION AND EXCESS ENERGY

Dr. P.T. Pappas. Professor of Mathematics. Professor of Physics, TEI of Patras.

nuclear fusion and excess energy have been reported on M.r-n^^'li March 23 1989 in a press conference by Stanley Pons of Utah University and Martin Fleischmann of Southampton University. Thereafter, hundreds of laboratories entered a cold fusion derby shaking the world for a new era of cheap and non polluting energy. However, the results soon appeared contradictory. Either only excess heat or only excess radioactivity, but never the right proportion of heat and radioactivity according to the currently believed models of Physics, was observed in the various experiments to the extend that scientists came to seriously doubt the results of Pons and Fleischmann.
In Raum & Zeit, 36, 76, October/November, 1988, as well as in a report to the Tesla Conference in Colorado Springs 1988 attractive forces and excess energy output with respect to the input energy are predicted for certain current circuits, when the Larainal law of Electrodynamics of Ampere, (reference (2)) F,2 - -nzd.U/r,^') (2ds,-ds2 -(3/r') (dSiT.z) (dsa- r.^) 1. is taken into account. This law has been found infallible to this moment for all cases of electrodynamics. Superficially, it was the semi-correct assumption that this law is always equivalent to the Biot-Savart. and the peculiar argument that it is therefore a redundant law of Physics that has withdrawn it completely from the literature of physics at the beginning of 20th century. However, the real reason for the withdrawn should had been the rol lowing: The Cardinal law, although suggested by references (3) equivalent to the relativistic Piot-Savart law, the same time seemed mathematically incompatible with Lorentz invariance which was a necessary condition to incorporate with relativity theory These apparently contradictory "assumed aspects" for the Cardinal law have received the attention of this Author, investigating a good portion of his life in analyzing both experimentally and mathematically this law.
]

reference (4) the situation is resolved by the Cardinal law i^J'^A not to round be always equivalent to the Biot-Savart law. The cases of non equivalence concern forces between parts of a circuit with different charge mobilities, such as a circuit partly of copper or another metal and partly of an arc or n'lectrolyte. Unnoticed today attractive fusion forces and excess energy are predicted in references (1) directly from a form^.2

= -r.,(q.q,/r,,^) I2v..v,/c' -(3/cV,,^) (v,.r.2) (v,-n,)- 1] suggested by this author after replacing the current -vjth the moving charge times its velocity qv, and

2.

element Ids taking into.

244

account the scme time .the Coulomb forces. The author's formula 2 the modern version of Biotmay substitute the Lorentz law, contrary to the Lorentz law, never violates Savart Formula 2, action and reaction, conservation of momentum and conservation of law for The Lorentz isolated moving charges angular momentum. and without taking quantum classically or macroscopical ly of momentum and in generally conservation conditions, violates conservation of angular momentum as well as conservation of energy. The same time formula 2 violates only the principle of In this is shown in reference 1. conservation of energy as it infallible that formula 2 is respect as well as in the respect is the best known formula to for all known regular circuits, it excess energy and Clearly, describe electromagnetic forces. attractive fusion forces, not predicted by the Lorentz law,
.

Fi2

2q,q2ViV,/c'r'

- q,q2/r^

qiqz/r')

l-2v,V2/cV')

3.

between similar charges are predicted by formula 2, whenever the mobility of the charges abruptly changes, and the velocity of the carriers reaches velocities higher than about 0.707 c in vacuum, because of the factor 2 in formula 3. However, if in electrolyte, the repulsive Coulomb forces are partially or totally neutralized then this velocity limit is severely lowered down to zero for a Nuclear fusion may start and excess complete neutralization. energy may released under the influence of such a current.
and Nuclear fusion and excess energy reported by Pons Fleischmann, bears a strong similarity to the predictions of formula 2. It resolves and explains the apparent paradox of the observed excess energy with or without nuclear fusion and formula 2 clearly predicts an excess radioactivity. Indeed, energy as a free energy as well as an excess energy coming out of Clearly, excess free energy may occur with or nuclear fusion. without fusion energy and the relevant radioactivity at any combination, current interactions between similar charges in travelling at different mobilities between an electrolyte and various metals. This resolves the paradox. The similarity of the predictions of formula 2, as reported in reference (1) and the various reports concerning the phenomenon deserving further are striking, of "cold nuclear fusion" law of attention and investigation. The withdrawn Cardinal Electrodynamics and formula 2 derived from it, seem to explain what to modern physics is not understood and appears paradoxical, concerning the biggest discovery of twentieth century at its end, cold nuclear fusion and excess free energy.
Dr.

P.T. Pappas, Access Address: Markopulioti 26, Athens 11744, Greece. tel. 00301-8623278

245

REFERENCES Raum and Zeit. 36, 76, 1988. 1. P.T. Pappas, -. P.T. Pappas, Proceedings, International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1988. 2. P.T. Pappas. Nuovo Cimento 78B, 189. 1983. 57.1743, 1985. 3. J.G. Ternan, J. Appl. Phys -. J.G. Ternan, Phys. Lett .A. 115,5. 230, 1986
.

Christodoulides, Phys. Lett. A 120.129,1987; J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 20.2037,1987; Am. J. Phys. 56(4), 357, April 1988. 4. P.T. Pappas "On the Non Equivalence of Ampere and Lorentz Force Laws; and Longitudinal Contact Forces", in press. -. P.T. Pappas. "On the Ampere Electrodynamics and Relativity in press
C.
HA DIE Me ^o! woi ^S/Wi /^BBIAMO OCCM1 5oa>

-. -.

D.C. Joly,

Phys. Lett. A 107,

231,

1985.

/parrz/cz/rCHj, l COME lA VS.5TA S7tfl

CHE NE P6K)5A

NUOEAgJEfREPDA,

Caricature di Filippo Scozzari, I'orgoglio del caricaturismo italiano.

(t^RIGiDAIRE. Aprile 1989

RAUM UND ZEIT, Munchen

Nr. 39. April /Mai

1989
p.

(26 April

1989),

59

Da wild die Welt staunen raum & zeit Nr. 37

Herr Sunier hatte den guten Willen
gehabt, mit seinem Dialog-Bcitrag die Leser von r z uber die Gemeinde

&

Mcthemitha und

iiber die

Maschine

TESTATIKA

zu infonnieren. Es gibt

aber eine sehr wichtige Regel: Informiere nicht andere Uber etwas, bevor

du dich nicht selbst darilber infonniert hast. Henr Sunier mochte die "Geschichte" des Erfinders der

TESTATI-

KA erzahlen, doch notiert er in Klammem:

kenne
Seincn eigentlichen Nanien
ich nicht."

Ohne

sogar den

Namen
fUr

des

Erfin-

ders zu wissen, weiB aber Herr Sunier,

wann, wofiir und

dieser

Mann

verurteilt

wie lange Zeit wurde.

Marinov mit der zweiten (links) und dritten (rechts) TESTATIKAMaschine, die Paul Baumann im Gefangnis gebaut hat.
Die wahre Geschkhte, die viele r&z Leser gut kennen, ist aber die folgende: Jede konsequente religiose Gemeinschaft. die nur der Stimme Gottes zuhort und der Stimme des Kaisers wenig Aufmerksamkeit schenkt, ist bei den Kaisem und deren Helfershel-

Das geschah Im Jahre 1978! In einem Kerker wurde das Weltwunder

geboren. Ware das
in

Da staunffen die
Scltweizer
(r&zNr.33)
Nieper erwahnt die Methemitha in Linden, Kanton Bern, Schweiz, wo ein Konverter von 2 kW Leistung in Betricb stehe. Hinweise darauf erteilt auch die Sonntags-Zeitung vom 15. 5. 88 in ihrem Report ,Sekte Im Dorf: Anpassung oder Widerstand". Darin steht, daB Vatti", das geistige Ober-

Irgendeinem

lateinamerikanischen oder osteuropai-

fem

nicht beliebt. Ein biirokratischer

kann nur auf den Schultern von Untertanen errichtet werden, nicht aber iiber den hocherhobenen KopStaat fen

von

geistig freien

Menschen.

schen totalitaren Staat geschehen, wijrde man sagen: "Na )a, da sitzen die besten Kopfe in den Gefangnlssen und in den Irrenanstalten." Die TESTATIKA wurde aber In einem schweizerischen Gefangnis gebaut.

Die Gemeinde Mathemltha war nfcht

einem riesigen Reich, sondem ist auch ein grower Dom In einem kleinen Staat. Diese Gemeinde solite zerstort werden. Der einfachste Weg war: Das Haupt zu
nur ein winziges Dorf
in

Ich habe zwel mal die Gemeinde Methemitha besucht: im Juli 1988 und im Februar/Marz 1989. Ich habe einige von den TESTATIKA-Maschlnen sorgfaltig beobachtet und geprtlft und geraume Zeit mlch mit Herm

haupt der Methemitha, elektrischen

Strom aus lner schwarzen

erzeuge.

Kiste"

So

welt so gut.

Wer oder

entfemen, einen ProzeB mit einer schmutzigen Anklage auf die Biihne zu bringen und damit die Boulevardzeitungen zu entfesseln.

unterhalten. Mit der hochVerantwortung eines Wlssenschaftlers kann ich bestatigen: Diese Maschine Ist der Traum der Menschheit In Reisch und Blut. FUr die nachste Ausgabe von r & z werde Ich einen

Baumann

was aber 1st die Methemitha bzw. wer ist Vatti"? Gerade einer solchen Frage kann nicht ausgewichen werden,
ansonsten

sten

man im Kleinen denselben Fehler nachvollzieht wie Einstein, der mit unglaublicher Naivltat das Manhatten-Projekt
einlautete,

urn

sich

Da

aber passierte das Wunder: Der

ausfuhrlichen Bericht schrelben Qber

die Gemeinde Methemitha, Uber Herm

Manrl. der vier Jahi? im Gefangnis

verbrachte, der

Mann, den Herr Su(als

nier einen "ClUtteri" (Bastler) nennt,

Baumann. uber die Maschine TESTATIKA und uber die "Physlk" der Maschine. so welt ich diese "Physik"

so unverstandlicher von jeglicher Politik femzuhalten. Ich melne damit, daB es bel solchen News" - wie sie Nieper ab und zu

nachher

um

llefert,

von enormer Bedeutung

Ist,

hat mit Konservendosen

Konden-

nicht nur einen Konvertertyp zu er-

satoren

verwendet),

mit
in

einfachen

verstanden habe.

Drahten, mit dem was er

te.

dcm Abfall

Stefan Marinov

wahnen, sondem auch das geistige Umfeld zu bcleuchten, in dcm Konvertertechnologje stattfindet
logia
(in

der Gefangniswerkstatt finden konn-

A-8010Graz
Sunier's letter follows:

ana-

DAS ERSTE PERPETUUM MOBILE AUF UNSEREM PLANETEN GEBAUT.

dazu

Prof.

Marinovs

kritischer

37/88

raum&zeit 43

- 247 einem gewissen Joseph Smith das Buch Mormon ubeigeben haroni

Weiterentwicklung des Gerates untcrstutzen sollte, entpupptc sich als

ben,

geschrieben

In

Sgyptischer

kommunistischer Agent Ebenso war

es die R.E.A., die den Besuch des sowjetischen Wissenschaftlers Dr. A. Jakowlew anbahnte. Unter diesen

Schrift auf metallenen Tafeln.

Damit

DIALOG
Beitrag
1.

war

das Mormonentum geboren. Und so verwundert es uns nicht, daB

es auBer einem

Mount Moroni auch

zum Newman-Konverter)!
ist

einen Landeplatz der Engel" (Angel's Landing) gibt Nach dem ge-

Umstanden war es Moray nicht mehr vergonnt, einen zweiten Konverter zu konstmieren. Die Sohne Richard
seit Morays Tod im Mai 1974, das Vermachtnis Ihrcs

Die Methcmitha

eine religio-

im Emmcntal, bestehend aus etwa 150 Seelen, die cine eigene Schule, eine Backerei, eine Gartnerei und eine Fabrik betreibt. Das in Kurze. Wer ihr beitritt, gibt sein Vemiogen an die Methernitha ab und arbeitet fortan ohne Lohn, urn sich auf die Ewigkeit vorse Gemeinschaft
zubereiten,

waltsamen Tod von Smith durch die Lynchjustiz fuhrte Brigham Young den Siedlertreck weiter ins Gebiet des heutigen Staatcs Utah. Salt Lake
City entstand.
4. Bei Salt Lake City kommt uns unweigeriich ein weiterer Name in

und John versuchen

Vaters
ist

emeut zu belegen.

Vielleicht

Research Institute von Salt Lake City inzwischen gelungen!

diese Aufgabe

dem

ner fur

alle

gemaBt dem Motto: - alle fur einen."

3Ak

den Sinn: Dr. T. Henry Moray. Moray wurde 1892 in Salt Lake City geboren und begann sich schon in jungen
Jahren wissensdurstig zitSt zu interessieren.
zitat
fiir

Nochmals zurOck nach UppsaSchweden. Es ist bedeutsam, daB sich Moray - der Elektroingenieur war - in Bergwerken und Gruben
5.
la,

Grundlage dient die Bibel.

2. Vatti" ist der Regent dieser Gemeinschaft. Er wurde in den siebziger Jahren wegen ,Unzucht mit Kindem" zu 7 Jahren Zuchthaus verurteilt. Solches wird heutzutage von der Methemitha bzw. deren Vertre-

die Elektri-

hemmtrieb!

In

Nachdem
er,

er

hang

gibt es eine

diesem Zusammenmogliche Verbln-

sich anfanglich mit statischer Hektri-

dungsbriicke zu Emanuel Sweden-

befaBt hatte, erkannte

daB

es

eine Energie gab, die

von

oszillieren-

tem

heruntergespielt

und

abge-

schwachL Vatti" (seinen eigentllchen Namen kenne ich nicht) amtet

wieder in vollen Wurden und Ehren. Er hat vennutlich aus seiner damali-

der Art war und nicht aus der Erde selbst, sondem aus dem Weltraum stammte. Er nannte sie Radiant Energie". 1911 war es Ihm bereits moglich, mit einem Vorlaufer des spateren Moray-Konverters eine Kohlenfadenlampe zu erleuchten. Bis 1920 erfolgten keine welteren
Fortschritte.

borg (1688-1772), der koniglichcr Bergwerksassessor war, bevor er sich zum Visionar und Seher entwickeltc.

Auch Swedenborg
fangen
(in

hat seine Offen-

bamngen durch Engelshande

emj>-

dem
tums).

analogia zu Joseph Smith, Begriinder des Mopnonen-

gen Schwache gelemt, dcnn heute sorgen die Leute von Methemitha
nicht

mehr

fur Schlagzeilen,

bezahlen getreu ihre

sondem Steuem und

daB

Wir haben Grund zur Annahme, diese Phase in die Zeit von Mo-

rays Studienaufenthalt in
fallt.

Schweden
aus einer

(falls man ihnen begegnet; denn die Methemitha ist eine Gemeinschaft fur sich - ein Dorf

gruBen freundlich

Von

dort namlich,

Grube

in Abisco,

kommt das schwer

imDorf).
ein Leser obige Punkte nicht kennt. Nieper erwahnt jedenfalls kein Wort davon. Ich habe mir desweiteren die Frage gestellt: Wie kommt die Methemitha bzw. Vatti" (der schon immer ein Chlutteri", also ein Bastler, gewesen sei) zu einem gut funktionierenden Konverter? Eine konkrete Antwort von der Methemitha selbst zu erhalten, durfte auch fur Dr. Nieper nicht so einfach sein. Bei naherer Betrachtung des geistigen Umfeldes ergibt sich aber beinahe von selbst (als Moglichkcit)
3. Ich
r

zu beschaffende Material, das Moray fiir seine Detektor-R6hre" bzw.

seine Halbleiterventile benotigte, die

nehme

an,

daB

von

&

z in der

BRD

das Herz des Moray-Konverters bilden. Dieses Material bestand aus tribolumineszentem Zink und radioaktivem Stoff. Wir miissen annehmen, daB Moray bereits 20 Jahre vor der Entdeckung des Transistors mit
steuerbaren
tierte!

Und damit schlieBt sich auch der geistige Kreis, den ich dem geneigten Leser vor Augen zu fuhren versuche: Auch bei der Methemitha in Linden gibt es einen Landeplatz der Engel" und einen Vatti", der himmlische Offenbamngen" empfangt. Und somit habe ich das gesagt, was Nieper unterlieB, namlich nicht nur Konvertertechnologie zu betreiben, sondem auch das geistige Umfeld zu beobachten, aus dem solche Konverter kommen; sonst laufen wir bald einmal Gefahr, uns in geistigen Irrgarten zu veriieren.
Claude Sunier

CH-8600Dubendorf

eine plausible Antwort oder wenigstens deren Erklarungsversuch.

In

Linden ist

wo

die

Methemitha

Halbleitem experimen1931 beantragte er ein Patent fiir seinen Energiewandler, der etwa 50 kW Leistung (free energy) abgab. Es wurde ihm verweigert, da er nicht imstande war, die Prufer vom Patentamt von der Existenz eines universalen Energiemeeres und den in seinem Gerat stattfindenden Umwandlungen in elektrische Nutzenergie zu Uberzeugen.

Anmerkung der Redaktion: Wir

haben diesen
er eine
Brief abgedruckt, well

Menge
in

interessanter Informa-

tionen

enthalL

von

Vatti",

als Fetti

Die Vorgeschichte der Bundesrepublik Baumann bekannt, stimmt

ist,

Was uns

nicht gefallt

daB

hier ein

domiziliert
,Start-

- hat namlich die und Landebahn fur die Engel

geistiges Umfeld", das als kriminell

lnteressent"
diirfte

1939 zertrummerte ein wiitender den Konverter, und es

dargestellt wird,

sozusagen die Wursoil.

zeln der Konverter-Technik sein

aus Agypten" schon mehrmals zu reden gegeben. Haben wir nicht ahnliche Worte an anderer Stclle auch schon gchort? Richtig. Antwort: bei

den Mormonen, Bundesstaat Utah, Salt Lake City.

Im Jahre 1820
soil

Moray in der Folge nicht mehr moglich gewesen sein, sich die notwendjgen Substanzen aus Schweden zu verschaffen. 1940 wurde er in seincm Labor angeschossen, und ein
Ingenieur der Rural
Electrification

Vielmehr glauben

wir,

daB eine neue

ist,

sensiblere Kreativitat notwendig

um
tion

Freie

Energie

Deshalb

distanziert

umzuwandeln. sich die Redakaller

von diesem Versuch, Konverter-

Technik zu diskriminieren, mit

Entschiedenheit.

der Engel Mo-

Agency"

(R.E.A.), der

Moray

bei der

44 raum&z^it ?7/RR

"
.

248

Now follow the letters of two other readers of R&Z commenting the preceding letter of Claude Sunier. They are published in the same number 39, in which the preceding Marinov's letter "Da wird die Welt staunen" was published, namely on p. 58 and on p. 60.

Zum zweiten solltc wohl einmal ganz

klar herausgestellt

werden, daB es die

ist,

ZutiefSt gefroffen
Seit

einfachste

Sache

und

zudem

modern zu
sen

sein scheint, einer religiS-

Jahren bin ich begeisterter

sie

Gemeinschaft alle moglichen Dinge anzuhangen, vor alien Dingen,

RAUM u. ZEIT-Leser. Ich schatze Ihre

Zeitung sehr, da
objektive Aufklarung in unsere

wenn

es sich nicht

um

eine der soge-

doch recht viel mas-

nanntcn "etablierten" Kirchengemeinschaften handelt. Da wird sowohl mit gerichtlichen Anschuldigungen als auch mit wahren Schlammschlachten der Zeitungen und anderer Massenmedien gearbeitel, und das Urteil wird Ictztendlich leider nicht im Gericht, sondern schon in den Zeitungsartikein gefallt, von der Wahrheit weitestgehend unabhangig.
Dies alles hat aber wohl in eincm Artikel Uber einen Konverter nichts zu

senmanipulierte Gesellschaft bringt.

Es ist eine der ganz wenigen Zeitschrifwelche ich nach immer gezielterem Sondieren uberhaupt noch lese.
ten,

Gerade deswegen hat es mich

tiefst

zu-

getroffen, als ich in Ihrer letzten

Artikel

Ausgabe Dez./Jan. den

staunten
die

"Da

DIALOG

Schweizer" gelesen habe.

aus

dem

Hier wird eine Gemeinschaft. welche jahrzehntelang in wunderbarer Harmonic zusammenlebt, auf hochst
fragwurdige Weise vollig falsch darge-

Da staunten die
Schweizer raum & zeit Nr.
Ich

suchen. und ob Dr. Henry Moray ein Mormone war, hat sicherlich der Funktion seines Konverters keinen

Abbruch getan.

33

Was nun Emanuel Swedenborg, der

wie Henry Moray, laut Sunier "sich in Bergwerken und Gruben herumtrieb"
mit der Sache zu tun hat, wird wohl fur

Es sind einfach ganz brutale Unwahrheiten aufgefuhrt, welche, und darum bitte ich Sie ganz dringend, von Ihnen deutlich aufzuklaren sind. Das sind Sie ganz sicher Ihren Lesern
stellt.

mochte hiermit auf einen von Ihnen in Raum und Zeit veroffentlichten Leserbrief eingehen. Der Autor des

schuldig.
Ich selbst bin durch mein Interesse an dieser Konvertertechnologie vor zwei Jahren auf diese Gemeinschaft gestolJen und seit dieser Zeit sehr eng mit ihnen verbunden.

Leserbriefes. unler dem Titel "Da staunten die Scliweizer" in F^aum und
Zeit Nr.

immer

ein Ratsel bleiben. Es schlieUt

sich hler kein geistiger Kreis,

sondern

37

veroffentlicht,

Sunier aus

CM

Claude - 8600 Dubendorf.

ist

es er5ffnen sich einige Fragen uber

Bravo zu Hirer redaktionellen Anmerkung, mil der Sie sich klar von

dem

Leserbrief

distanzieren.

Ich

mochte an diesem Punkte auch noch

vorausschicken, daR ich weder die

den Hintergrund des zitierten Leserbriefes. Etwas Toleranz, Herr Sunier, und eine elwas kritischere Einstellung gegenijber den Verof fentlichungen der Tagespresse waren hicr doch wohl angebracht, denn die geistigen Irrgarten liegen gerade in dieser Richtung,
nicht bei

Ludwig M. Krause

7822

Ibach/St. Blasien

Methemitha noch

Hem

Fetti

Bau-

mann

kenne.

den etwaigen
die
sich

religiosen oder

philosophischen Oberzeugungen der-

Herrn Sunier ist wohl nicht aufgefalseinem Beitrag gerade den Interc'sscn in die hlande spiel! denen eine neue Konverter-Technik
Icn, da(i er mil

jenigen,

mit einer neuen

Technik und Physik befassen.

Josef Hasslberger

sehr
leicht

unbequem ware. Oder

sein Brief eine
in

ist

viel-

1-00186

Rom

Aktion

ganz gezielte diesem Sinne?

Umfeld den Wert oder Unwert des Konvertcrs das denkbar irrelevanteste
ersten. ein "geistiges
Ist

Zum
far

Kriterlum. Vergessen wir nicht, dafJ

nur Menschen, die aufterhalb der erstarrten und verkalkten Ideen und Meinungen unserer Welt stehen, eine wirklich neue Technik zu entwickein in der Laye sein werden. Und dazu gehort nun einmal ein "geistiges Umfeld", das der etablierten Wissen

und medienbestimmten allgemeinen Meinung ungewohnlich erschaft

scheinen muli.

Juni/Juli

ivav

Einzelpreis

DM
OS

SFR 14,80

14,80 118

3669

iS.Jahrgang

Nr.

40

Interview mil diem Schamanen Sunbear:

^^Mutter Erde beginnt, sich KU reinigen^^

MEDIZIN

Cortisol und

chronische

Krankheiten
Pladoyerfur

eineWende
holistischer
Blutiest
'
PHYSIK

mmm^tm
Wasist

Testatika, das

"Wonder"
von Linden

SeariEffekl?

,-i'3JSMl-''''r*r<:4V

250

'^'MFrele, Energie

STATOK (3) und bei meiner ROTIERENDEN AMPEREBRUCKE MIT VERSCHIEBUNGSSTROM (4)).
Eine sclbstlaufende Maschine aber, den ewigen Traum der Menschhelt, der auch mein Traum geworden war, verwirklicht zu sehen - das war auch fiir mich etwas GroRartiges, etwas fast Fantastisches. Eine Sache ist die Uberzeugung, daB das Wunder moglich

METHERNITHA
von Prof. Stefan Marinov, Graz

UND TESTAKTIKA

Nachdem eine Dialog-Zuschrift in raum&zeit mit dem Titel "Da staunten die Schweizer" eine
wie wir meinen - positive, weil sehr lebendige Diskussion uber die Gemeinde Methernitha und die Wundermascliine Testatika in Linden in der Sciiweiz ausgelost hat, besuchte Stefan Marinov das sageniiafte Linden. Sein Bericlit ist - wie stets bei ihm - sehr engagiert und sehr
-

eine andere dagegen, wenn das Wunder selbst sieht und es mit seinen eigenen Handen betasten kann. Das geschah bei meinem zweiist,

man

ten Besuch der

Gemeinde Metherni-

tha im Februar/MSrz 1989. Bevor Ich aber naher auf die Maschine eingehe,

mochte

ich

den Lesem eine allgemeiiiber die

ne Information geben.

Gemeinde

Genossenschaft
Der Wunsch, mit Glcichgesinnten nach christlichen Grundsatzen zu verwirklichen, vereinigte in den friihen 50er-Jahren eine Gruppe von Idealisten in Linden, einem Dorf im Voralpengebiet in der
ein Gemeinschaftsleben

enthusiastisch.

Wir veroffentlichen ihn

trotz-

dem

unverandert, weil das ein Prinzip von

ist. Damit die Leserlnnen nicht ganz auf technische Informationen zur Testatika ver-

raum&zeit

Nahe der Bundeshauptstadt Bern. Um

die materielle

zichten miissen, die bei Marinovs Bericht ein wenig zu kurz kommen, veroffentlichen wir anschliel^end zwei Berichte des amerikanischen

Grundlage

ihrcr

Wohn-

Physikers

Don

Kelly iiber die Testatika.

Thyl Steinemann einen ersten Besuch in Methernitha.

und Arbeitsgemeinschaft sicherzustellen, griindeten sie 1960 eine Genossenschaft unterdem Namen METHERNITHA. Mehrere Betriebe bilden die wirtschaftliche Grundlage der Genossenschaft:
In einer

mechanischen Werkstatte

wird eine reichhaltige Palette hoch-

,.^| *

as

Wunder
F.s

ist

da,

in

sprach sich seil Jcihren heruni - einer glaubte mehr, finer weniger, die meislen glaubten niclil. Und die allernieisten? - Die allerineisten, wie immer,
^ij(/

Linden.

Mit Thyl war ich zwel Tage dort. Wir haben ausfdhrliche und interessante Gesprache mit Herrn Bosshard und anderen Mitgiiedern gefuhrt: Was ist

Produkte der MetallbranEine rationell eingerichtete Schreinerei erganzt das Angebot mit ihren Produkten. Eine Eiektroqualifizierter

che

hergestellt.

haben iiberhaupt

nichts gehort.

Methernitha, wie lebt man dort, welches sind die Ziele der Gemeinde, welches sind die Erfahrungen? Gesprache, die tief in mein Herz gedrun-

nikabteilung

konstruiert

vielseitige

Schaltanlagen und komplette Studioeinrichtungen. Ein eigener Landwirtschaftsbetrieb versorgt die

schaft mit Produkten des

Jahren vernahm ich die ersten Geriichte iiber Linden, uber die Getneinde Melliernitlia und uber Paul Baumann. Der erste Mann, der mir geslanden liat, die Mascliine TtSTATll^A geselien und gepriift zu haben, war Dr Hans Nie|x?r(an seiner
drei

Vor elwa

gen

Damals habe ich die Maschine nicht gesehen. Es war noch zu friih. Um zu so einem Wunder zu kommen,
sind.

GemeinAckerbaus

und der Milchwirtschaft.

Alle Mitglieder arbeiten als mitver-

braucht

man

Zeit.

Man

muJ5 dafQr

reif

antwortliche Mitbesitzer in gleichen

Ktjnierenz

in

H.innover).

Helniulli

Mack gub uur

Diese
I

Verletzung des Energieerhaltungsgesetzes

Lin Wunder,
ja,

die ersle rottjgrafic.

isl

Rechten und Pflichten nach ihren Fahigkeiten und Moglichkeiten mit nach dem Grundsatz: "Einer filr alle und alle fiir einen".
Die Mitglieder der Methernitha
bil-

oU^Kjrali*'

iilK'r

rasch aus
(zu

ein Wunder!

Und das

nieinem Archivvetscliwunden

mir

kommen

viele Lcule.

denen

ich

mein

sage ich, auch wenn ich schon mehrmals Verletzungen des Energieerhalbeobachtet habe (bei meinen Maschinen ADAM (1), MAMIN
lungssatzes

den eine GroBfamilie. Die interne Organisation beruht auf der demokratischen Grundlage der Gleichberechti-

Arcliiv in du* Hiind gcbe:

Mancli(?s

verscliwmdet, aber belrachllich ist die Information, die von diesen Leulen zu mir stromt). Dann gab mir leir Mack
I

gung und des Mitbestimmungsrechtes

aller Mitglieder.

COLIU
(2)),

eineandere (jto<4r<iii(.'(an Or Anions Kunferenz in tk'tlin) Und endlicli im Juli 1988 oiganisK'iU' nu'in u-und
i
I

Kugellagermolor klare und uiibestrcilbare Verletzungen des Drehimpulss,il/es t>eobachtet habe (bei niei ner liUL CUB MASCIIINL Ol INL
(1),

bei

dem
ich

audi wenn

waiilt jahrlich

Die Vollvcrsammlung einen Vorsland aus ihdie

ren Reilien

fiir

adminislraliven

Belange. /.ur Kealisierung besondcrer Projekle werilen von I all zu lall S<jn-

76 raumAsall

Kl/s')

C^Jijck^.__^
^
^
,

la^J.^a^

nenenergie",

"Hyperenergie",

"Va-

_____

...

,;.-A^;Jj

cuumenergie" bedeutet, nichts zu sagen. Und ich zitiere Goethe: "Wo der Begriff fehit, da stellt zur rechten
Zeit ein

messerschdrf, dafi nicht kann sein, nicht sein darf!" Lassen wir aber die Schulphysiker uber ihren Schulbu-

was

TES-

Wort

chern schlafen. Wir haben jetzt Wichtigeres zu tun.

sIch cin".

keine beobachtbare Energie gefunden haben,

benutzen.

lange wir Quelle dieser

ist

So

es

schr

Einfache Maschine
Also, nach meiner

TATIKA
das zu kaufen, was sie selbst nicht produzieren konnen, verkaufcn sie die Produkte ihrer Betriebe. Jeder
arbeitct,

schadlich, nichtssagende Worte zu

Meinung

verletzt

Nach meinen Experimenten, die den

Erhaltungsgesetzen widersprochen haben, behaupte ich mit voller wissenschaftlicher
gie, die hier

TESTATIKA einfach den heutc anerkannten Rahmen des Energiehaltungsvon der Maschine nur etwas gehort haben, oder sie nur im Bild gesehen haben, glauben, dafi
satzes. Viele, die

Um

Uberzeugung: Die Enerwirksam wird, und zwar

wenn er nicht krank ist, ohne

Druck, mit Reifi und Hingabe. Es gibt keine Hierarchie und allc fiihlen sich
als Brijder.

intemer Forschungsbemuhungen. ist der Wissenschaft noch unbekannt und somit

fur sie nicht existent.

aufgrund jahrzehntelanger

dort komplizierte technologische Prozesse vorgehen. daft dort besondere

sind

Wir konnen also

aus

unbekannte Bauelemente eingebaut und geheimnisvolle, unerklarbarc

Krafte mitwirken.

sagen,

sie

wird erzeugt

dem

Erforschung sanfter Energien

Entwicklungsarbeit und Forschung auf verschiedenen Gebieten sind integrierte Bestandteile der ideellen Ziel-

"NICHTS".

Das alles stimmt nicht. Die Maschine

kindlich einfach, weil alles GroBe, das Gott auf dieser Welt geschaffen
ist

Nehmen wir meine Bul-Cub Maschine ohne Stator (3). Vor dem Einschalten des Stromes war der Drehimpuls des gesamten geschlossenen Systems
glelch Null,

hat. einfach

ist.

Und wenn

die

Men-

setzung der Methernitha. Eine Abtcilung fur Altemativenergie erforscht altbekannte und noch unbekannte

nach

er nicht

mehr

Null.

dem Einschalten ist Von wo ist dieser

Grund

Drehimpuls entstanden? Ebenso aus

schen die Einfachheit, die Schonheit und die Heiligkeit der gottlichen Schopfung einfach nicht sehen. ist das nur ein Fehler der Menschen. Gott baut
sein

von Umweltbelastungen sind. Solarenergie, Windrader und Wasserrader gehoren mit zum faszinierenden Arbeitsprogramm
frei

Energiequellen, die

"NICHTS"! Der
fur diese

Haus mit durchsichtigen

Steine,

physikalische

welche leicht sind wie

er kein Gott.

Verletzung des Erhaltungsgeist

Luft, sonst

ware

setzes des Drehimpulses

giiltigkeit

die Nicht-

dieser Forschungsgruppe.
In der Forschungsgruppe fiir Naturheilkunde werden altc und neue Erkenntnisse verbunden zu ganzheitli-

des dritten Newton 'schen Satzes im Elektromagnetismus. Diese NichtgQltigkeitwurde schon 1845 von

Technisch betrachtet

ist

die Maschi-

chen Behandlungsmethoden, welche den ganzen Menschen mit seinen Lebensgewohnheiten und seiner

Umwelt

beriJcksichtigen.

Eine Mineralien- und Edelsteinsammlung biWet die Grundlage zur Erfor-

Grassmann festgestellt, aber meine Bul-Cub Maschine war die erste, bei der man diese Verletzung beobachten konnte. Hier wurde zum ersten Mai ponderomotorische Zusammenwirkung zwischen ungeschlossenen Stromkreisen verwirklicht. Also es bestehen keine Schwierigkeiten, um die Erzeugung des Drehimpulses
aus "NICHTS" zu erklaren. Aber Drehimpuls, Impuls und Energie. die

ne ein elektrostatischer Motor, gekoppelt mit einem elektrostatischen Generator. Solche Maschinen haben die Menschen schon gebaut, bevor sie von Elektromagnetismus uberhaupt
etwas wuBten. Die elektrostatischen "Generatoren" wurden bereits von den alten Griechen entdeckt, die Bernstein ("Elektron") mit Fell rieben.

erste elektrostatische

Der Motor wurde von

schung dieser Fachgebiete

bis weit

an

Franklin im Jahre 1748 gebaut, und mit ihm soil er sogar ein Brathuhn-

die Grenzbereiche der Wissenschaft.

Die Kronung der Forschung in der Gemeinde ist die Maschine TE-

Komponenten

eines

gemeinsamen

Vierertensors, sind bestimmte Funktionen, die wir beschreiben,

chen gedreht haben. Diese ersten Generatoren und Motoren arbeiten mit "Reibungseiekelektrostatischen
trizitat".

STATIKA,

die

schon

in

Welt unter dem Namen Converters" bekannt ist.

hinzu:

der ganzen "The King of

um

die

Welt zu verstehen.

In

Und

ich fijge

Herr Baumann hat solche Funktio-

hurxlerts

Nach meinen Kenntnissen (und

ist

ich bin sehr gut informiert auf

Gebiet)

TESTATIKA

diesem die einzige

nen nie beschrieben, weshalb es ihm auch leichter war, das Wunder TE-

der zweiten Halfte des 19. Jahrwurden Generatoren und

die mit "Influenz-

Motoren gebaut,
trizitat

elekfrizitat" arbeiteten.

STATIKA zu konstruieren.

Verstehen

enfsteht,

wenn

Maschine in der Welt, die freie Energlc

produziert.

Denn der Schritt von einer

Sie mich bitte gut: Drehimpuls. Impuls und Energie - das sind Buchstaben auf

Reibungselekzwei Korper

steht,

experimentellen Maschine, die den Energieerhaltungssatz verletzt. bis zu

einer Produktions Maschine, die selbst
lauft
lich

dem

sich streifen. Influenzelektrizitat entwenn ein nicht geladener Kor-

Papier. Bis

zum Ende des

19.

Jahrhunderts haben die Menschen nie Verletzungen der Erhaltungsgesetze

in in

per sich cinem geladenen Korper nahert. weil die ungleichnamigen

(Perpetuum mobile), kann ziem

meRbaren GroBen beobachtet. Aber

Ladungen angezogen und die gleichnamigen abgestoBen werden. TESTA-

nur

bng scin TI-.STA'Hf<A isl nicht vme selbst IdiifeiKle Mcischine. sif
Worte
zur Frage.

diesen letzten Jahren des zweiten Jahrtouscnds sind schon einige Expe

TIKA
ersten

ist

eine Influenzmaschine. Die Influenzgeneratoren wurden

tTA'iigt dabei ducii frcie l^nergie.

Zucrst einige
vv<

von

xlic

Entrgie inein f\'r[xnuum mobile

AllK-rciK'Kjio".

(wir

meinen die If .STATIKA) komml

scujcn

7m

"TcKliyo

worden. bei denen solche Verletzungen ans Licht kommen. Die Schulphysiker wollcn diese Experimente nicht beachten und analysieren. entsprechend den Wor ten Wilhelm Busch's: ""Also schlofi er
durchgefiJhrt

riniente

1865 von Topler in Riga, und unabhangig von ihm von Holtz in Berlin
gebaut. Im Jahre

1867 beobachtete
von seinen
als ElektronKstor

dann

Holtz. daft einer

Generatoren auch
arl)eitet

7s

raum&xeit

10

.S'

TW
derkommissionen mit entsprechenden
Fachleutcn zusammengestellt.

Die Grundlagen der ideellen Zielsetzung der Methernitha sind in der Heiligen Schrift verankert. Methernitha
will

die

Menschcn

zuruckfiihren zu
sie

den wahren Lebcnszielen, indem

das richtige Verstandnis der uralten Gebote Gottes lehrt und so deren echte Anwendung wieder ermftglicht.

Methernitha ist of fen fur jeden, der wieder eine echtes Kind Gottes werden mochte.
Ich verbrachte mehrcre Tage in Linden, mich wie Thomas More auf der Insel Utopia filhlcnd. Ich snh dort eine echte christliche Gemeinschaft, wie

Jesus und seine Schuler gepredigt haben und wie auch Bogomilen, Katharen und andere sie verwirklicht haben. Die Gemeinschaft wurde von
sie

Leuten gcgrundet, die mit vielen Aspekten des heutigen Lebens in der Schweiz und in der Welt nicht einverstanden sind.

Ostliche Peripherie des Dorfes Linden, Blickrichtung so; MethemI* tha, das Dorf im Dorf. Vome rechts das "Moosbiihl" mit den drei Windradem. In der linken Bildhalfte der natumahe Freizeitpark und dariiber das "Hubeli" mit der Fabrik.

Bargeldlose Gemeinde
In der Gemeinde zirkuliert kein Geld. Es gibt keine Gehallcr. Das Essen wird in einer gemeinsamen Kuche vorbereitet und in zwei Speisesalen dargeboten (Selbslbedienung). Die Kost ist einfach, abcr gesund und mit Liebe

Nchmen kann man soviel man will. Was man zum Lel")en braucht, kann man in einem intcrnen "Laden" gratis holen. Was dort fehit, kann man
zubereitet.

selber einkaufen gehen. Bezahit wird

ausderGemeinschaffskasse. DieLeute in der Methernitha benotigen aber nur Artikel von crster Notwendigkcit. Sie
sagen, daR die zweite, dritte und alle folgenden Nolwendigkeitcn keine

Notwendigkeiten mehr
nicht nur ubcrfliissig,
schadlich.

sind; die sind

sondcm auch

In der Gemeinde wird nicht geraucht,

es wird keinerici Alkohol getrunken, von Drogcn ist iiberhaupl keine Rede.
ist wirklich ein "Utopia" in der heutigen Well des allgcmcincn mora-

Linden
lischen
re

und geistigen

Zcrfalls.

Das

schwcizcri'-.chr Fprnsrhpii

odcr ande-

Programme wcrdct
gibt cs in

nichi geschaut.

Hingegen
eigenes

der

Gemeinde ein
fiir

Fcrnschstudio

eigene

Programme.
Die Lcute der Methernitha machcn.
alles selbst: Sie

baucn

ihrc Uiiuscr, sie

eigenes Film- und Tonstudlo, sie haben ein eigenes internes Tdlcfonnelz mil iibor 300 Anschliissen, sie backen eigenes Brol tisw..

haben

ihr

- 253 Den Influenzmotoren wurde

Literatur sehr

in

der

wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt, weil sie sehr schwach sind, und die Menschen im 20. Jahrhundert
ausschlieRlich

elektromagnetische

Motoren gebaut haben. Nirgendwo wurden je elektrosfafische Motoren fur praktische Zwecke genutzt. Poggendorff bemerkt (5), nicht einmal Franklin habe mit seinem in der Geschichte als "Bratenwender" bekannten Motor Hiihnchen gebraten, er habe nur erwahnt. daR es moglich sei, mlt diesem Motor ein Hiihnchen am SpieB zu drehen Influenzgencratoren jedoch wurden relativ haufig gebaut und fin.

den

bis

heute sehr breite praktische

(z.B. die

Verwendung

van-de-Graaff-

Generatoren, die elektrische Spannungen von Millionen Volt erzeugen.)

Miserable Theorien
Jetzt

Frage:

kommen wir zu der wichtigsten Wie kann man einerseits die

elektrische Energie berechnen (und dann messen), die ein Influenzmotor verbraucht fiir seine mechanische Drehung und andererseits die mecha,

nische Energie, die ein infiuenzgcnc-

rator

fur seine elektrische

Aufladung

verbraucht. FOr die erste "Energleum-

wandlung" gibt es keinc Formel und kaum Messungen, fiir die zweite "Energieumwandlung" hat man nach einer Formel gesucht und mehrere Messungen durchgefiihrt. Beigenauerer Durchsicht der wissenschaftlichen

Mitteilungenbemerkte ich jedoch, dal?

die

Theorien miserabel

sind,

und

die

Messungen
schinen

nicht weniger.

Bei den elektromagnclischen Maist

alles

War

Motor
ist

induzierte

(s. Lit. 6): Die im Gegenspannung,

multipliziert mit dem fliesenden

Strom,

Bild 3 Ein Teil der Werkstatt in der Fabrik elnrichtungen.

fiir

Lager- und Betriebs-

gleich der erzeugten

mechanischen

Leistung und die Gleichheit zwischen der einerseits von der Batterie entzo-

genen oder "verlorenen" elcktrischen Energie und andererseits von der "gcwonncncn" mechanischen Energie des Rotors ist hundertprozentig.

Ill

lit

der
ist

Und umgekehrt: Das Produkt von in dem Generator induzierten Spannung und dem flieRenden Strom
gleich der aufgewendelen mechanischen Leistung. und wieder ist die Gleichheit zwischen der verlorenen" mechanischen Energie und der "ge-

wonnenon

"

elcktrischen Energie hun-

dertprozentig. Bei den N-Maschinen aber ergibt sich ein allerdings nur sehr kleiner UberschuR der elektrisf hen iiborder mechanischen Energie (1) In drr Mnsrhinc MAMIN COLIU

7W^
deln.

sich
deln.

Nur elektrische Energie kann in mechanische Energie umwan-

1) Wird der Kugellagermotor drehen?

(2) sich

Nachdem ich aber Verletzungen der Erhaltungssatze in meinen Experi-

2) Wird die zementierte Faraday-Schei-

TES-

TATIKA
wird die gesamte eleklrische Encrgie

menten tl-3) beobachtet hatte, und nachdem ich die TESTATIKA geschen habe, empfinde ich den Begriff "Umwandlung von clektrischer in mechanische Energie" (und umgekehrt) als falsch.
In alien Motoren und Generatoren, welche die Menschheit bis heute gebaut und auch gut vermessen hat, gibt es eine numerische Gleichheit zwischen der von der elektrischen Energie-Quelle "verlorenen" und der

be
3)

(1)

(N-Maschine) sich drehen?

Wird der Bul-Cub Motor ohne Stator (3) sich drehen?

4)

Wird die Rotierende Ampere-Briik(4)

ke

mit Schleifkontakten sich dre-

hen?
5) Wird die Rotierende Amp^re-Brtikke mit Verschiebungsstrom (4) sich drehen?

aus

"NICHTS"

generiert

(1).

6)

Wird
usf.

TESTATIKA

sich

drehen?

Ja aber bci den Influenzmaschinen gibt es keine induzierte Spannung. Es ist nicht einmal ganz War, was fur ein

usw.

von dem Motor "gewonnenen" mechanischen Energie (umgekehrt fUr die Generatoren). Diese Gleichheit ist bei manchen Maschinen nicht vorhanden. Hier wird entweder Energie aus "NICHTS" erzeugt, oder Energie in "NICHTS" umgewandelt. Das letztere wird den Leser schockieren, aber wenn wir aus "NICHTS" etwas machen konnen, dann werden wir auch imstande sein, aus etwas Bestehendem "NICHTS" zu machen.

Strom in einer Influenzmaschine fliefJt. Ich werde hier Poggendorff (5) zitieren. der die Influenzmoloren
faltigsten

Also, die Influenzmotoren sind eine goldene Ader, die noch fast unberuhrt

am sorg-

und unerforscht in der Erde liegt. Ich habe mich lange mit Herm Paul Bau-

beobachtei hat:
-

Poggendorff
"...

Zitate

mann iiber TESTATIKA unterhalten. Herr Baumann nahert sich den physlkalischen Phanomenen nicht auf dem gleichen Wege, auf dem wir, die Schulphysiker, dies tun. Letzen Endes bin
ich

Wenn auch das Rotationsphanolediglich

durch die elektrischen Attraktionen und Repulsionen hervorgerufen wird, so weicht es doch durch die Art und Weise, wie bei ihm diese

men

auch nichts anderes als ein blinder

Schulphysiker. Nur, im Unterschied

Anziehungen und AbstoRungen zur

Wlrksamkeitgelangen. wesentlichvon
alien bisher dargestellten elektrischen

Nehmen
tor

wir an, mein Bul-Cub

Mo-

ohne Stator dreht

sich mit einer

zu meinen Kollegen, decke ich meine blinden Augen nicht noch zusatzlich mit beiden Handen zu, wenn ich auf
widerspriJchliche Effekte stoBe.

Rotationen ab, und dabei sind die nicht nur ungemein mannigfaltig, sondern auch zum Teil so

Vorgange

bestimmten Winkelgeschwindigkeit. Er wird also elnen gewissen Drehimpuls haben. Ich schalte nun den Strom so ein, daR das wirkende Drehmoment
der Rotation entgegengerichtet
ist.

Unterschiedliche "Spra-

che"
Herr Baumann sieht die gottliche Natur und ihre Geheimnisse von einem ganz anderen Gesichtspunkt aus. Er hat den guten Willen gehabt, mir das Funktionieren der Maschine zu erklaren. Fiir mich aber war es, als ob er mir die Maschine in einer unbekannten Sprache erklSrte Also es bleibt noch ein Stiick Weg zu gehen, bis ich die Maschine verstehe. Eines jedoch wurde mir klar: Alle diese Leute, die Influenzmotoren gebaut haben, haben nicht das gesehen, was Herr Baumann gesehen hat, namlich, daS die Influenzmaschinen den Energieerhaltungssatz verletzen. Darum konnte bis heute niemand ein solches Perp>etuum mobile bauen wie die TESTATI.

verwickelt

und ratsclhaf daR ich of fen bekennen muB, selbst nach einer
t
,

Nach
ich

einer gewissen Zeit

Stillstand.

zweijahrigen Beschaftigung mit denselben nicht imstande zu sein, iiber

Maschine zum
puls
in

kommt die Was habe

denn getan? Ich habe den Drehim-

jeden einzelnen Punkt Rechenschaft zu geb^n.

geniigende
...

"NICHTS"

umgewandelt.

Dasselbe wiirde man auch mit der Energie zu tun imstande sein.

Es ist namlich die Ai sicht ausgesprochen worden, das in Rede stehende Rotationsphanomen verwirkliche die Umwandlung der Elcktrizitiit in mechanische Kraft Ich will die Moglichkeit einer solchen Umwandlung nicht bestreiten, muB aber doch bemerken,
daft dieses
ist,

Was geht also in den Influenzmaschinen vor? Nach einem etwas schnellen Studium der Literatur kam ich zu folgendem
SchluIS:

Die energetischen

Bilanzen in den Influenzmotoren, aber

Phanomen

auch in den Influenzmaschinen sind sowohl vom theoretischen, als auch

komplizierter

als

es auf den erslen Blick zu sein

scheint. Denn die von der Maschine ausstromende Elektrizitat leistet nicht blofJ mechanische Arbeit, sondern erzeugt wiederiim neue Elektrizitat."

vom experimentellen Gesichtspunkt aus sehr schlecht durchgefuhrt. Es genijgt, nur einen Blick auf das Kapitel 111 'Uber die Leistungsfahigkelt der
Elektrisiermaschinen" in

dem Buch

KA.
Ich habe jetzt den f unf ten Band meiner Dokumentationsreihe "The Thorny

Graetz

(7)

zu werfen. Die Influenzma-

Nach

einigen

Sciten

wiederholt

schinen und, ich wiederhole. vor allem

die Influenzmotoren sind energetisch

Poggendorff nochmals:
"Es gibt noch mehr
trizitat

Falle,

welche

ein fast unerforschtes Gebiet geblie-

Way

of

Tmth"

verfaRt. Dieser Teil

ist

augenscheinlich dartun, dali die Elekbei

ben. Influenzmotoren sind nur hie und

ausschliefilich der

TESTATIKA und

diesem Rotaticnisphiinoiiie*

men

rii(

ht bloli

liunische Artniit

verrichtet,
trizitat

sondern zugleich neue Elek-

erzeuql
isl

Die SiHache P(H}<jMKlor(fs

exakt
qi'iiii'i

nicht
sk h

da von einzelnen Personen gebaut worden, und wenn man 100 Physiker und EJektroingenieure fragcn wiirde, oh ein Influenzmotorsichdrehen kann, wine die Ant wort von 99 ein festes Dieselbe "NUN Aniwort "Ni:iN

den Influenzmaschinen gewidmet. Ich habe die wichligstcn Originalartikel

tet

Uber die Influenzmaschinen abgelichund meine Erfahrungen und Beob-

achtungen mit Tf-STATIKA und anderen Influeii/maschiiien dazu gege;

ricklii/il.it
licit iis(

k.iiiii

wiiiiK-

(li'sr
I

99

Perst>iu'ii

.luili

/u

ben. In di<'siMM Biicli

liiKicI iimii

keine

nicht in inc(

he

Kr.ill

iiuiw.in

(dlqeiKlt'ii

r.Hteii

yeben:

technisclu/.i-itliiiuiuj. initderenHilfe

80 rawiNAxaif

'ID/K'i

man die Maschine nachbauen konnte. Man findet aber vieles, um vorbereitet
zu sein, sie zu verstehen.

Herr Baumann und andere Leute von der Gemeinde Methernitha glauben, daR ein Perpetuum mobile be! dem jetzigen moralischen Zustand der Menschheit mehr Negatives als Positives bringen wiirde. Dieselbe

Meinung

auch von anderen Leuten gehort, wie z.B. von Dr. Lippitsch
habe
ich

vom
isf

Physikalischen Institut der Unl-

versitat in Graz.

Aus diesem Grunde

Methernitha auRerst zuruckhaltend mit Informationen oder gar mit Vorfuhrungen ihrer Technik.

Andere Leute aber glauben, es sei Entdeckung eines Perpetuum mobile zu verschweigen. Nach der Meinung dieser Leute sollte man nicht warten, bis die Menschheit ihre Moral andert, um ihr erst dann die Entdeckung preiszugeben. Sie sagen, es ware genau die Maschine, welche die Moral auf unserem Planeten verandem konnte. Ich werde die Wortc meines amerikanischen Freundes Gordon Lum zitieren (aus einem Brief vom 1. Marz 1989): "I believe that all machines are politically powerful and have a character of their own. The free energy machine ist good in character and will change the lives and behaviour of people. It will change society in ways we do not even yet know. The political power to change people is innate in the machine itself."
nicht gut, die

Bild 5 Dieses Modell der

TESTATIKA

llcfcrt

3-4

kW Lcistung.
Eiektrizitat
I

(5)

J.C. Poggendorff, Annalen der Physik

(7) L.

Graetz.

Handbuch der

undChemie. 139.513(1870). (6) S. Marinov. raum&zeit. 31.87(1 987).

und des Magnet ismus. Band (Verlag Barth.

1-eipzig.

1912).

Es wurde mich sehr freuen,

ihre

wenn

moglichst viele raum&zcit Leserlnnen

Meinung zu

dieser

wichtigen

Frage, die jeden einzelnen

auf unserer Erde betrifft,

Menschen

zum Aus-

dnick bringen wurden.

Zum SchluR mdchte ich die folgende Geschichte erzShlen. Ein Mitglled der Methernitha zeigte mir einen Brief
von einer Firma in Lichtenstein. Da stand: "Schicken Sie uns. bitte, ein Expmplar der Maschine TESTATIKA.

ich Erhalt der

auf Ihr

sen
te
I

"

Sendung werden wir Konto 300 000, Fr. uberweiMein Gesprachspartner lachelfiir

Diese Leute wollen

ein

'

Wunder
Goltes

kaufen.

300 000. Kann man

rhaupt ein Wunder, das ein Gei>nk

ist,

kaufen?"

Litcrattir:
( 1

I'nrI

S Marinov, The Thomy Way 11 (F-ist Wfst. Graz. 1984.

of

Tmth,

third cd.

19,Sf>)
(2) (3)

S Marinov. raum&zcit. .32. 8 (1988). S Marinov, The Thorny Way of Truth.

1

Part
I'l)

ill

(Fast West

Graz. 10,S8)
I

S Marinov, The

horny

Wav of Tnilh.

I'att

IVda-st Wr-m. Craz. lOSO)

in 9n

raumzlt 81

256

DER SCHWEIZER ML-KONVERTER

von Don
Kelly, Clearwater, Florida,

wahrend sie sich drehen, aber in neuen ML-Konverterwirddiese Funktion von einer kristallenen Diodenrohre ausgefiihrt mit hoheren
ren,

diesenn

USA

begeistert, aber insgesamt etwas nuchterner sieht der amerikanische Physiker Don Kelly die Testatika. In der Fachzeitschrift "Magnets" hat er im August 1987 die Testatika beschrieben und ein elektro-schematisches Diagramm angefertigt, das wir im Original wiedergeben.

Zwar auch

Wirkungsgraden als das altere Design hat. Zwei Sammelbiirsten sammein die gehauften Ladungen und leiten sie welter zum Kondensator, der oben am neuen Design angebracht ist. Anders als die alten Wimhurst-Designs benutzt dieser neue Konverter mehrere neue und verbesserte Bestandteile, wie z.B. zwei Hufeisen-Magneten mit passenden Spulen, und einen hohlen
zylinderartigen

Diodenfunktion,
lich als letzte

Magneten als teil einer und zwei Leydenfur

Glaser oder Raschen, die offensicht-

Kondensatoren

den

Konverter dienen. Es wird of fensichtlich, daB dieser neue Konverter den ElektrizitatsfluB erhoht mit der Zulage der Spule und Magnetenkombination, wie bei den soliden Coler-Geraten. Der Gebrauch von
erstklassigen

tH COffVBMTMM

Komponenten, wie

z.B.

goldplattierte Kontakte, Kontrollelek-

troden und Dual-Kondensator-Phasen

sichern
viel

hohere Konversion-Effi-

zienten als es mit den alten Wimhurst-

Maschinen moglich war.

Die allgemeine Spezifikation
fiir

den

Bedienungsprolotypen
l)Effizienz: 1:

sind:

lO^aufgrundvonselbst-

erhaltender Bedienung. Die Einheit wird durch Handdrehung gestartet,

wobei keine andere Eingabekraftquelle

benotigt wird.

2)

Konstante Kraftausgabe:

300 V zu

10 Amperen = 3
3)

Kw

Dimensionen: 43.31 Inches breit, 17.72 Inches ticf und 23.62 IrKhes

hoch.
4) Gewicht:

44 Pfund, die mit 60 RPM

wunderbare

arbeiten.

FRONT View

Es

ist

deutlich, da/J diese

o/u/o Konverler-Einheit auf den Wimhurst E/S Generatoren basiert,

die verschiedene Stahlabschnitte be-

noch irnmcr
er Schweizer

die

charakteristischen

niitzten.

Diese Wimhurst

E/S Genera.

ML

Kon-

metallenen Folicnsektoren, die schwaclie elektrische Ladungen erzeugen

toren sind entweder aus Stahl oder

AIuminium-Teilchen geljaut wobei die

Aluminiurnabschnitte echte elektrostatische Teilchen sind.

t^A*^

<

-^'^'j^

verier

ist

eiii

vollkomelck-

men

syinmetrischer
cJeiii

Encryickonvcrtcr. der au(

Uosldtjschc'ii Wiiiihiirsl CicMerotor mil

und leiten. die dann in passenden Kondensatoren gelagerl werden. Jeder Sektor saminell die Ladungen an, die voni EinflulJ mil den anderen Sektoren lierleiten.

yeyeiiciiidiider rolit'icndyii Disks bo

Es isl offensichtlicf), dalidcr ML Konverter gegenulKT den alien Wim hurst Getieraloren qdii/ erh<'l)lich
sicrt.

Bei den Wimhurst Einheiten

vertei-

len diagonalc neutralisierende Biirsten

Wenn Slahlsegmenle an den zwei Scheiben dieser Einheit verwendet werden, wird der Seurl Effekt sichtbdi mit E/M Konversion an der Rand PeripliL'rie der Sc heiben durch passiv.\'
Elektrom.igiieten. Diese eininalige
^y

auf jeder gegeniilKrliegenden Scheibe

die richligen luidungen zu

vcrbessert

wurde
Jlctl

Alk'rdjii'js \k-s\\z\ er

den Sekto-

u/o

Einheit wird zuiii idedlcn Konvei

82

io/.v)

da zugleich hohe Wechselstromund verminderte WechselstromAmpere erzeugt werden konnen durch zwei verschiedene Stromkreise der Scheiben. Die konventionellcn leitfahigen Biirsten der Doppeldisks nehmen die hohen Volt A.C. auf. wahrend die Spulen der Randclektromagneten eine brauchbare elektromagnetische Kraft erzeugen. Wenn permanente Hufeisenmagnete mit Spulen verwendet werden, wie z.Z. in dem Schweizer Konverter, dann wird die elektromagnetische Kraft-Abgabe um vieles verbessert, wie es bei den Angaben fijr diesen M-L Konverter deutlich
ter,

Volt

2) Der Beweis des Searl Effects durch den Gebrauch von mehreren, identi-

verschiedene elektrostatische Generatoren, wie z.B. die Wimhurst Holtzbis zu ungefahr 75 KV produzieren konnen. zu ungefahr 2 ma, fiJr eine Wattausgabe von ungefahr 150 Watt. Die angegebene Aus-

schen Stahlsegmenten, die elektromagnetische Kraft in den ScheibenPeripherie induzieren.

maschinen

sen,

Das Ecklin Prinzip wird auch bewieda die Stahlsegmente an permanenten Hufeneisenmagneten vorbei3)
in Ecklin's

gehen, wie
ten.

S.A.G. Einhei-

gabe des ML-Systems betragt 220300 Volt Gleichstrom bei 1 Ampere, Oder zwischen 2200 und 3000 Watt,
bei wahrscheinlich Null Belastung.

diesen ungefahren

Aus Angaben konnen

Poggendorff selbstdrehenden elektrostatischen Motorprinzipien, wie

4) Die

wir ersehen, daf? ein Wattverstarkungsfaktor von ungefahr 20:1 berechnet werden muf? innerhalb dieses excel-

oben beschrieben.
5) Die Kristall-Kondensator-Funktion

lenten Freien Energiesystems!

5)

des Kristalldiodenbausteins. Die voile

Was

sind

dann

die

moglichen phy-

wird.

Der

Selbstantrieb,

nach

dem Hand-

durch die Anpassung des Poggendorff-Prinzips (ein deutscher Wissenschaftler um 1870), bei welStart, wird

Bedienung dieser elnmaligen Komponente mit seinen hohlen zylindrischen permanenten Magneten ist ein Verbundkomponent mit Doppelfunktionen, wie oben beschrieben.

sischen Effekte, die diesen Wattver-

starkungsfaktoren von ungefahr 20:1 begegnen konnen? Wir miissen mit der Tatsache beginnen, daB Sir Oliver

Lodge (U.K.) uns

gelehrt hat, dal5

chem

schragliegende, leitfahige Bur(nicht

sten Selbstdrehung in elektrostatlschen

Motoren
gen.
In

Generatoren) erzeu-

Don Kellys Kommentar

In einem personlichen Schreiben an den Herausgeber von raum&zeit hat Don Kelly im Mai dieses Jahres neuere

Bezug auf den speziellen

liefert

Kristall-

Blitze/Funkenentladungen aus mehr Schwingungsstromen als einfachen direkten Stromen in einer Richtung bestehen. Dies kann, muf? aber nicht, die Funktion des ML-Konverters beeinflussen,

diodenbaustein

diese

Kompo-

und dieser Faktor mufS

werden, zusammen mit

nente wahrscheinlich die Doppelfunktionen der Frequenzregelung und Kapazitatsverstarkung zu den beiden Leyden-Glasern. Diese spezielle Dioden-Kapazitat erzeugt Frequenz-Ausgaberegulation und Kapazitatsverst8r-

beriicksichtigt

Erkenntnisse uberdieTestatika mitgeteilt.

einigen anderen Effekten. Augustus

Erkenntnisse, die zur Zeit der

Veroffentlichung in "Magnets" noch

nicht offensichtlich waren:

A. Rowland, amerikanischer Physiker (1848-1901), der unter Helmholtz in

Berlin studiert hat, lehrt uns, daR: eine gewahlt-rostatische Ladung, die be!

kung

als Teil

des elektrischen Reso-

Die einzige Person, die genau weiR, wie der ML-Konverter funktioniert, ist
1)

nanz-Stromkreises,

da es mit den Hufeisen-Magnetspulen verbunden ist.

Dieser Konverter
ist

der

Erfinder,

Paul

Baumann, und
Albert

dieselbe magnetische

moglicherweise ein paar enge Freunde/Teilhaber.

hoher Geschwindigkeit getragen wird, Handlung wie elektrischer Strom hat.

Jetzt

eigentlich aus

Weder ich, noch

haben wir den Zusammenhang

drei verschiedcnen

Stromkreisen zusind:

sammengesetzt, die folgende

1)

Die hohe Wechselstrom-Volt-Ausgabe von den Doppelscheiben als

konventioneller Wimhurst elektrostatischer Generator.
2) Ein maf?iger Wechselstrom-Amp^re-

Hauser, noch Stefan Marinov oder irgendein anderer Forscher kcnnt meines Erachtens das vollstandige Funktionieren dieses vorzuglichen Freien-Energie-Systems.
2)
ist

Der ML-Konverter oder Testatika

definitiv ein

zwischen elektrostatischen und elektrischen Stromen dadurch, daI5 wir eine magnetische Handlung haben, und deshalb konnen wir jetzt die Arbeit von Hans Coler (Deutschland, 1945) in Betracht Ziehen, der uns
gelehrt hat.

Stromkreis, erzeugt von den Doppel-

Gleichstrom-AusgabeSystem, was bewiesen wird durch mehrere passende Ladungen, z.B.

Widerstandserhitzer und elektrische
Gliihbirnen!
3) Es ist moglich, daf? es einen miltleren Wechselstromkreis innerhalb des

daR elektrische Spulen um pcrmanente Magneten gewickelt solch

Hufeisen-Magnetspulen (Searl Effect), so wie die Plus und Minus Scheiben an ihnen vorbeigchen (Impuls Gleichstrom-Ausgabe bei 50 Hz).
3) Ein

einen elektrischen Verstarkungsfaktor produzieren konnen, aber die

GroRe dieses
sicher.

Effekts

ist

bis jetzt nicht

Wir sehen
in

klare

Beweise von der

Resonanzstromkreis,

in

Hufeisenmagnetspulen mit den-Kondensator verbunden sind, so daf5 die Frequenzregelung gesichert wird. Der Diodenkondensator wird dann mit der Leyden-Glas-SenderEinheit verbunden
Die physikalischcn iauplprinzipien, die mit dicscr hcrvorragenclcn VernctI

dem die dem Dio-

ML-Systems
schen Disks

gibt,

da die

elektrostati-

Existenz von "Spulen uber Magneten"

in

einem

50%

'Out-of-

diesem ML-Konverter an minde-

Phase' Verhaltnis arrangiert sind, um eine Wechselstrom - 'sinusoidal' -

stens vier Stellen. z.B.: innerhalb der

Der EinschluR der Kristall-Diode-Module wurde anWellenform zu

liefern.

beiden groRen Scitenkapazitaten, und Uber beiden "Hufeisenmagneten" im

Vordergrund des Systems!

Es bleibt weiterhin unwahrscheindaR der Coler Ef fekt allein fiir den
,

zeigen, daf? halbe oder voile Wcllcnbe-

richtigung im Endstadium des Konvcrters

lich

vorkommen

kann.

extrem

groRen

Verstarkungsfaktor

zung verbunden
1)

sind, sinci folgendc:

4) Eine Art, eine Erklarung zu vcrsu-

verantwortlich sein kann, aber

keit

wenn
ML-

chen,
Elektrostatische
f")oppelscheif>e
Ans(}nl)rii

Konversion. die verwendet fiir positive

das Funktionieren des MLKonverters zu vcrstehen ist, aufzuzah-

um

gekoppelt. wird die WahrscheinlichgrSRer. daR das gesamte

len.

was wir darOber wissen.

um dann
zum

System

bei seiner natiirlichen Reso-

v<in

cincm und negative

zu schon, welche Puzzle Stiickr

nanzgpschwindigkeit funktioniert. Wir

Ausfjnbpn von .Tndrrrn

Gesnmt puzzle passen. Wir wissen. daK

haben cine mcigliche Erklarung

10
'<;)

dafur.

raumAxell 83

258
lachelt.

Man

darf daraus aber nicht

ML-KONVERTER
wic dieses System funktionieren kann. Der groBe Nikola Tcsla hat uns gelehrt, daSi elektrische

den falschen SchluR Ziehen, daR diese Institutionen bewuRte Gegner der Konvertertechnik sind. Wir haben Grund zur Annahme, daR von diesen Ausbildungsstatten auch Physiker und
Elektroingenieure

kommen.

die der
er-

Aetherphysik belebende Impulse tellen werden.

Spulen, die auf Resonanzgeschwindigkeit hin funktionieren, phanonienale Ausgaben produzieren konnen mil denselben Spulen verglicheii, die aufJerhalb
ihre

Follows the letter of Claude Sunier with which he comments the letters of Marinov, Hasselberger and Krause published in R&Z, Nr. 39.
.

2. Hr. Hasslberger vollzieht den unnachamlichen Salto Mortale. zum einen das von mir bcantragte "geistige Umfeld" als nicht relevant fiir die

Konverterforschung zu bezeichnen, um zwei Satze spater zu betonen, daR ein

geistiges
fiir

Umfeld sehr wohl notig

sei

die Konvertertechnik, ein Umfeld,

ihrerdiskrclenRcsonanzgescliwindigkeit funktionieren

Wahrend diese Erkiiirung von einer moglichen Losung fiir das Funktionieren des ML-Konv'-rters nicht ganz richlig sein kann oder einige andere Faktoren auslassen kann. kann sie "DenkanstofJe" fiir andere Forscfier liefem, die vielleicht versuchen, das
Puzzle der Testatika zu losen.
wir
nicfit

Da staunfen
die Schweizer
Stellungnahme
Nachdem mein
Dialog-Beitrag

"das der etablierten Wissenschaff und medienbestimmten allgemeinen Meinung ungewohnlich erscheinen muR".

Ob er sich dabei nicht selbst in einem

kretischen Labyrinth bcflndet und den

Ariadnefaden verloren hat?

"Da

Horen

staunten die Schweizer" (r&z Nr. 37) dcrartig stUrmische Reaktionen her-

das Lachen. das von Gott sein kann. der sich wundern muB,
die

vorgebracht hat, sehe ich mich veranlaRt, zu antworten:

1. Es war n e mcine Abslcht, die Konvertertechnik zu diskriminieren!
i

warum

Menschen

nicht

lernen

zusammenzuarbeitcn, um unsere dringeriden weltweiten Uniweltprobleme zu losen. daniit wir die wahre Natur seines physikalischcn Universums

bewahren?
Der Schweizcr ML-Konverter, oder
Testatika,
ist

ein klares Beispiel

fiir

die

kombinierte Weisheit von all den westlichen Nationen. der Schweiz, Deutschland. England, USA und einigen anderen Er sollte so als eine
Richtlinie

mIch selbst mIt der genannten Materie und habe also Uberhaupt kein Interesse daran, diesen Forschungszweig als solchen zu verunglimpfen. Ich habe auch nie an der Existenz und Funktionsfahigkeit der sog. TESTATIKA - von Prof. Marinov - voreilig als Perpetuum Mobile beIch befasse

mochte die These daR es ohne geistiges Umfeld nicht moglich ist, in der Konvertertechnik und Aetherphysik greifbare Ergebnisse zu emten, weil diese Gebiete untrennbar mit Ethik und VerantwortungsbewuRtsein verkniipft slnd! Wer gibt uns denn die Gewahr, daR aus den Relhen der altematlvsn
Ich meinerseits
aufstellen,

Energieforscher nicht einmal einer komrnt, der seine Erkenntnisse urwl

Produkte rein destruktiv

einsetzt.

Als abschreckendes Beispiel kosmopolitischer Physlk steht mir immer wieder E. Teller vorAugen, im Westen allgemein als Vater der H-Bombe bekannt. Die gegenwartigen Anstrengungen laufen bekanntllch darauf hinaus, im Erdorbit "grauenhaftere" Waffensysteme zu Installieren, die bei Insidem auch unter dem Begriff "TeslaSkalarwellen-Interferonmeter" bekannt sind und ausgigantischen Rontgenlasern gepulst werden. Und dahinter, als den amerikanischen Prasidenten beschworende und schwarzmagische Person, ist wieder Teller!
Sollte etwa hier ein geistiges Umfeld. das in diesem Beispiel die VerbindungsbrOcke zwischen physikalischer Forschung und politischer Entwick-

zeichnet

gezweifelt!

richtete sich

Mein Beitrag gegen den Urheber und

selbst.

dienen

fiir

alle

weilere inter-

Erbauer dieser Maschlne, aber nicht

nationale Zusammenarbeit mit

Ziel, die

dem

gegen

die

Maschine

Das ist

ein

vcrschiedensten Uniweltprolosen!

groRer Unterschied.

bleme zu

An

Hrn. Josef Hasslberger (r&z Nr.

30): Ich spreche jeweils in eigener

Sache. Hinter mir stcht keine Interessensgruppe oder sonstige Vereinlgung, die die Konvertertechnik abblocken
will!

Daf5 es solche Anstrengungen

mir sehr gut bekannt und kann von verschiedenen Leuten in der Schweiz bestatigt werden. Ich weiR z.B. von Hrn. Dr. D. BUhrle pers6nlich, daB sich die MIL-Abteilung (Forschung Bereich Wehrtechnik) der
gibt, ist

Oerlikon-Biihrle Holding

AG mit dem

lung darstellt, von Irrelevanter Bcdeutung sein?

3. Was nun die potentielle Verbindung zwischen Swedenborg, Moray und der Methernitha anbclangt, ist zu sagen, daR eine solche nichf nachweisbar ist. Ich war lediglich bestroht darauf hinzuwcisen, daR solche Mci lichkeilcn bestchen, ohne daR dat.m

Aspckt "TESU\-Waffen" befaRt hat, inwiewcit ist mir unbekannt. DaR von solcher Seite naturgemaR keine UnIcrsfiltzung zu erwarten ist. weil z.Z. noch Millionenbetrage auf dem Spiel stehen (ADATS-Projekt etc.) versteht sich von selbst' Auch von der Universital und der ETI I Zurich werden wir grqpnwf^rtig noch als Phanlrisfrn bc-

Brfeilintp

jpmals in irqcndrintT

!'>

259 wuRten Form miteinander zu tun hatten. Es wurde durch die Arbeiten von Pribram und Bohm dokumentiert, daR solche Verbindungsbrucken uber Jahrhunderte hinweg uber holographisch
organisierte Hypertransfer-Channels
existieren

konnen, die von jenseits der uns angcborGPen Raum-Zcit-Mecha nismen slammcn! Und Twischcn Swedenborg. Moray und Hm. Baumann gibt es m.E. zuviele Gemeinsamkeiten, als dad ich diese Moglichkeit von vornherein ausschlieRen durfte.

DIAIOG
die Gemeinde Methernitha, uber Herm

von Hermann Goring, so daB zwischen Coler und den Werken Rheinmetall Borsig eine Kooperation entstand, aus welcher ein Generator von 6 kW Leistung hervorging (nahere
Einzelheiten
sind

nachzulesen

in

"Tachyonenenergie,
Antigravitation"

Flyperenergie,

von Sven Miclordt, r&z Verlag, jetzt NOVAMED Veriag. Hannover, 4. Auflage 1984).

Baumann, iiberdie Maschine TESTATIKA und iiber die Physik' der Maschine, so weit ich diese Physik' ver-

Das

sind nur drei Beispiele, die bele-

standen habe."

gen, daB Marinovs Aussage inslrrationale abgleitet. Aus den U.S.A. kcinnten Bearden und Schaffranke noch

mochte nochmals daran erinnem. daB Swedenborg Visionen hatte, die er von Engein erhalten haben soil (nachzulesen in "Swedenborgsund anderer irdische und himmlische Philosophie" von Friedrich Christoph Oetinger. neu herausgegeben von
Ich

Femer wurde anIaBlich einer Tagung von SAFE (Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft

tivmitglied
fiir

ganz andere Belege bringen!

Falls Marinov alien ernsthaften Konverierlorschern nicht eine stichhaltig^

Freie Energie, Kollek-

Erich Beyreuther, Steinkopf Verlag

Stuttgart. 1977).
als "Vatti"

Und

Hr.

Baumann.

bekannt, hat auch Elngebungen hoherer Ordnung gehabt. Femer findet sich in Dr. Morays
"radiant energy'-Konverter eine ratselhafte Halbleiterdiode.

beim DVS) im TechnoraWinterthur, Schweiz, am 22.4.1989 ein Film iiber die Methernitha und die TESTATIKA vorgefuhrt. Hr. Baumann und weitere Mitarbeiter seines Teams waren anwesend und beantworteten diverse Fragen aus dem Publikum. Eine solche Offnung nach

ma

Begrijndung fur seine kiihne Behauptung geben kann, muB ich annehmen,

daB

er vor lauter Perpetua Mobiles

unheilbar fanatisch
lassen uns aber

geworden

ist.

Wir

geme

belehren.

Claude Sunier, CH-8630 Ruti/ZH

AuBen
4.

ist

begruBenswert.

Auch die TE-

STATIKA

benOtigt eine Diode, die

schon manchen ein Ratsel aufgab. Das sind durchaus nicht einfach wegzuwischende Gemeinsamkelten, die zur Frage berechtigen, ob dabei nicht "geistige Verbindungsbrucken" zwischen dem 18. und 20. Jh. bestehen!
Ich

Weniger begruBenswert ist, daB Prof. Marinov - der sich allmahlich zu einem besessenen Perpetuum Mobile - Anhanger entwickelt bedenkenlos euphorisch alles ubemimmt, was man ihm in Linden erzahlt. Ob das Naivitat oder Absprache ist?
SchlieBlich
versteigt

er

sich

zur

habe mir namlich forschungsma-

Big die Frage gestellt, wie die Mether-

nitha zu

einem gut funktionierenden Konverter komme, ominosTESTATlKA genannt, zumal Hr. Baumann frijher als etwas zwielichtig in Erscheinung trat. Diesen abtragllchen Ruf hat die Methernitha aber durch ihre mystische Geheimniskramerei mitbegrundet. Und es war der Sinn und Zweck meincs damaligen Artikels, die Methernitha durch mcine zugegebener Weise teils provokativen AuRerungcn zu einer Stellungsnahme in der Offentlichkeit zu veranlassen.

schlichtwegunhaltbarenAussage, "der Mann, den Herr Sunier einen Clulleri* (Bastler) nennt. hat ... DAS ERSTE

On the following pages there are Marinov 's comments on the preceding letter of Claude Sunier which are submitted to f^UM UND ZEIT, Nr. 41.

PERPETUUM MOBILE AUF UMSEREM PLANETEN GEBAUT ..." Das

ist doch ein wenig der Lorbeeren zuviel, ohne damil das Verdienst von Hm. Baumann und Mitarbeitern schmalem

zu wollen, aber es sel erinnert an:

A. Das Bessler Rad (1712-1717) von KaH Elias Bessler. Der Physiker Gravesande berichtet, daB diese Konstmktion, die sich mit
te,

50 u.p.m.

drehin

ich

Obwohl mir dadurch verschicdene Gegner

auch nach zwei Monaten mit

war.

"unverminderter Geschwindigkeit"

Bewegung

verschafft habe, die jctzt stur auf mei-

nen Worten herumreiten, kann ich mit einer gewissen Genugtuung festhalten, daB mir das auch gclungen ist.
F.ndlich

B. Der Gravitationsrotor-Generalor (Anmeldung beim Deutschen Patentamt 1975) von Richard Burkle. Dieser

werdcn Konverterforscher
ja

und Erfinder mehr,

geradezu wis-

Energiewandler der wenn wir so sagen wollen -Perpetuum Mobile Charakter bcsitzt, wurde einige Zeit
-

senschafllich untermauertcs, uber die

grhcimnisvolle TFSTATIKA aus Prof.

vor der TESTATIKA gebaut! (siehe zu A. und B. "Energie im UberfluB" von

Gottfried Hilschcr, Sixjnholtz Verlag,

Mnrinovs Mundc erfahren. Marinov,

Graz. schreibt (r&z Nr.
.39): "...

Diese

1981)
C. Der Coler Magnetstromapparat

der Mensch licit in ririsch und Blut. Fur die n^chste AusgalK' von r8c7. werdc ich einen ausfiihrlirhon FVrirht schreibcn Qbcr

Masrhine

ist

der

Traum

und

Stromerzeuger

(1926-1946).

Dieser Konverter des deutschen Kapitans Coler erregle 1 9!i7 das Intoresse
(,()

raumAiell

^)^

rawmAzvit

1(i,.'<'

260

Submi tted to RAUM UND ZEIT, Nr. 41

WER WOROBER STAUNT

raum&zeit

Nr. 40

Herr Sunier schreibt in seiner letzten "Stellungnahme":

Es war der Sinn und Zweck meines damaligen Artikels, die Methernitha durch meine zugegebener Weise teils provokativen' AuBerungen zu einer Stellungnahme in der Dffentlichkeit zu veranlassen. Obwhol ich mir dadurch verschiedene Gegner verschaft habe, die jetzt stur auf meinen Worten herumreiten, kann ich mit einer gewissen Genugtuung fes thai ten, daB mir das auch gelungen ist.

Herr Sunier hat Recht. Sein Dialog-Beitrag "Da staunten die Schweizer" (r&z 37) hat
vieles in Bewegung gebracht und wir mliBen ihm daflir dankbar sein.
Ich bitte ihn aber mich
i

nicht als einen Gegner, sondern nur als einen Disputanten zu betrachten, fur den wichtig
ist die Wahrheit, nur die Wahrheit und nichts anderes als die Wahrheit. Ich will auch

der Leserschaft von

r&z

klarmachen, daB, obwhol mit Methernitha sehr eng verbunden,

|

spreche ich nur in meinem eigenen Namen und in der Sache von TESTATIKA (von "testen statische Elektrizitat", was absolut nichts "omi noses" enthalt) verteidige ich meine eigenen

physikaliscl^ Ansichten, die ich jetzt ausfUhrlicher in dem fiinften Band der Reihe THE
THORNY WAY OF TRUTH (TWT) vorgestellt hatte.
Herr Sunier schreibt, daB obwhol er an der Existenz und Funktionsfahigkeit der TESTA-

TIKA nie gezweifelt hat (zweifeln ist kein Laster, doutz en toot
Descartes, Lob
rfem Iwqa.^qI

war die Devise von

ist das beste Gedicht Brechts), aber meine Bezeichnung als

Perpetuum mobile scheint ihm voreiHg zu sein.

Ich mbchte mit einigen Worten Ordnung in unsere Terminologie bringen:
1.

Wir nennen Perpetuum mobile eine solche Maschine, die man als isoliert betrachten

kann, und die ohne die Anwesenheit von energetischen Quellen in standiger mechanischer

Oder elektrischer Bewegung sich befindet.

2. Wir nennen over unity

Konverter eine solche Maschine, die keine energetische Quelle

besitzt, und die von anderen Systemen weniger Energie bekommt als die Energie, die sie
an andere Systeme abgibt.

Diese Definitionen zeigen klar, daB auch Kinder feststellen kbnnen, ob eine Maschine

ein Perpetuum mobile ist, aber die Vergewisserung, daB ein

Konverter ein over

unity Konverter ist, kann so lange dauern wie die Beichte eines Weinkellerwirtes.
Ich hab TESTATIKA gesehen.
Ich hab festgestellt, daB, einmal mit dem Finger in Bewegung

gebracht, dreht sie sich ewig und daB sie keine energetischafi Quellen besitzt. Dann die

obige Definition

sagt klar und eindeuting: das ist ein Perpetuum mobile.

Wenn Herr Sunier mir eine versteckte oder eine auBenstehende energetische Quelle zeigen wurde, die die Maschine treibt, werde ich sofort meine Meinung andern. Herr Sunier

aber redet, uberhaupt ohne die Maschine gesehen zu haben. Das nennt man in Dsterreich
ein Geschwatz.
Obwohl Herr Sunier der Meinung ist, daft TESTATIKA "fuktionsfahig" ist (auch ein Stein,

der auf der StraBe liegt, ist funktionsfahig, denn seine Funktion ist auf der StraBe zu

liegen), meint er. sie sei kein Perpetuum mobile, auch wenn die "Funktion" von TESTATIKA

261

ist, ein Perpetuum mobile zu sein. Und wenn sie kein Perpetuum mobile ist, dann ist sie

nicht "funktionsfahig".
Von der anderen Seite glaubt Herr Sunier, daB auch wenn TESTATIKA ein Perpetuum mobile
wlirde, ist sie aber

nicht das erste, und er erwahnt drei

anderenschon "existierenden"

Perpetua mobilia:
1.

Das Bessler Rad (1712-1717)

interessant was dieSe

fiinf

Jahre bedeuten!

von

dem ein gewisser Physiker Gravesande berichtet hat. Was wer gesagt, bestatigt und berichtet hat, spiel
t

in der Perpetuum-mobile-Geschichte keine Rolle

Von Bedeutung ist

nur der Fakt, ob das Rad existiert und ob man es besichtigen kann. Wenn Herr Sunier mir
die Weltkoordinaten eines solchen Rades geben kbnnte, werde ich sofort dorthin fahren
und den Lesern von

r&z

berichten, damit sie auch das Wunder sehen kbnnen. Ein solches

Rad, das sich nur auf dem Papier dreht, kann Herr Sunier auf Seiten 52 und 53 von TWT-V

sehen.
2.

Der Gravitationsro tor-Genera tor von BUrkle, der als Patent in 1975 angemeldet wur-

de. Wer was als Patent gemeldet hat.spielt auch keine Rolle in der P.m. Geschichte. Was

eine Rolle spielt, s. unter Punkt

3.

1.

Der Coler Stromerzeuger, von welchem Hermann Goring ein Interesse gezeigt hat.

Goring ist als Jager, Kunstschatzerauber und Judenvernichter bekannt. Als eine physikalische Kapazitat
ist Hermann Goring in den deutsprachigen Landern, die in dem dritten

Reich eingegliedert waren, nicht bekannt. Von dem Coler Apparat und von dem Coler Prinzip wurde sehr viel geredet.
Ich kenne aber keine experimentelle Coler Anlage, die ein

over unity Konverter ist, uberhaupt nicht zu sprechen von einer Anlage, die ein Perpetuum mobile ist. Wenn Herr Sunier mir die Weltkoordinaten.. .(s. Punkt 1).
Es ist zu bedauern, da6 die Physik der Verletzung der Erhaltungsgesetze quasi

als ein

Gebiet der Paraphysik sich entwickelt hat. Sie ist aber keine Paraphysik. Physik sind alle Erscheinungen der Natur, die bei

denselben Bedingungen

denselben Gang haben. In

der Paraphysik einmal geht es so und einmal so, nicht aber in der Physik.
Seit Jahren bestrebe ich mich die Verletzung der Erhaltungsgesetze in die Physik ein-

zugliedern. Meine Reihe TWT und meine Artikel in

r&z

und in anderen alternativen Zeit-

schriften (wie SEAGREEN und FRIGIDAIRE in Italien) geben ein Beweis fur meine BemUhungen.
Ich habe auch riesige Summen von Geld ausgegeben, um in den etablierten Zeitschriften

(wie NATURE und NEW SCIENTIST) in Anzeigen von meinen Experimenten zu berichten. Fecit

quod potuit

Ich trete aber entscheidend dagegen, wenn ich auf Mythen stoBe, und wenn ich experi -

menteH feststelle, daB gewiBe Leute, die bestanden haben, over unity Konverter gebaut zu
haben, entweder sich in ihren Rechnungen geirrt haben (daflir kann man sie nicht verurteilen) Oder einfach lligen (daflir muB man sie verurtei Ten)
liber
.

Mein Artikel in

r&z

Nr. 31

die Joseph Newman Maschine ist ein echter Beweis daflir.

Hier mochte ich meine Meinung liber zwei Maschinen sagen, die in der letzten Zeit in

r^z

viel diskutiert wurden und liber welche viele Leute sich gewundert hiaben.

262

1.

Die Maschine von Zielinski. Herr Zielinski ist ein sehr leiber und netter Mensch
Ich

und ich hab mich mit ihm an der Macos Konferenz in MUnchen in 1988 gut befreundet.
bin,

wie Herr Ehlers erwahnt, immer sehr engagiert und sehr entusiastisch, und

Zielinskis Erzahlung, daB seine Maschine sich ewig dreht, hat mich fasziniert. Ich habe darum die Maschine gleich nachgebaut. Sie ist KEIN Perpetuum mobile.
2.

Die fliegende Scheibe von Searl

Noch vor 20 Jahren, als ich

in Bulgarien

lebte, habe ich eine englische Zeitung gelesen, wo Herr Searl bestatigt hat, daB die

Aufnahmen mit seinem fliegenden Teller Fotomontagen

seien.

Und es ist mir wirklich pein-

lich, wenn ich nach 20 Jahren diese Fotomontagen wieder sehe und sogar die Karte auf
S.

82 von

r&z

Nr.

39, auf welcherdie Scheibe 600 km geflogen habe.

a Iter- naive

Ich bin fUr

alter-native Physik, aber wenn manche Leute

peinlich.
Ich weiB, daB manchmal

Physik treiben, ist mir wirklich

schwer ist, wenn man kein Experiment vor den Augen hat, fest-

zustellen,

ob die Beschreibung einer Maschine alternative oder alternaive Physik sei

,

Darum teile ich vollkommen die Meinung von Herrn Ehlers, daB besser sei

zehn alternaive

Artikel zu drucken, wenn zwischen ihnen ein alternativer Artikel sein kbnnte, als alle

abzulehnen.

Also ich gehe zu den "Wundermaschinen" als Physiker und entscheidend fur mich ist
das Experiment auf dem Kreuz
.

Ich versuche die "Wundermaschinen" zu erklaren, mathema-

tisch zu beschreiben und wenn mbglich sie nachzubauen. In diesem Heft publiziere ich

meine Beschreibung und Erklarung der

Zorzi und Speri

"Anti gravitation" Maschine von meinen Freunden Ich glaube die Maschine vollkommen erklart

(the Zorzi-Speri drive ).

zu haben. Hier ist Fotografie, klare und einfache Zeichnung, mathematische Berechnung

der vorlommenen Effekte. Das ist eine abgeschloBene Arbeit. Meine Meinung ist, daB die

Maschine von Zorzi und Speri eine sehr interessante Lbsung gibt, aber sie verletzt den

dritten Newtonschen Satz nur in der Zeit von einer Peri ode (wie das auch der Buhler
Antrieb tut), nicht aber fUr die Zeit von mehreren Perioden (wie das der Cook Antrieb
tut), auch wenn der Zorzi-Speri Antrieb "Gewichtsverluste" gezeigt hat. Der Buhler An-

trieb sind zwei synchron rotierende^Massen, die mit ihren Fliegkraften den Massenpunkt
eines isolierten Systems in Oszillation bringen. Cook hat diesen Antrieb weiter entwickelt
Die Frage mit der TESTATIKA ist nicht so einfach, wie mit dem Zorzi-Speri drive, weil
ihr Prinzip mir nicht ganz klar ist. Darum mein Freund Don Kelly hat vollkonmen Recht,

wenner schreibt:
Weder ich, noch Albert Hauser, noch Stefan Marinov oder irgendein anderer Forscher kennt meines Erachtens das vollstandige Funktionieren dieses vorzUglichen FreienEnergie-Systems.
Wenn aber ich etwas nicht kenne, sage ich nicht Sachen, die auf ihren FuBen nicht
stehen, und die Leser nur desinformieren kbnnen.
Ich mbchte nicht die ganze "Erklarung" von Don Kelly

(r&z

Nr. 40) Wort nach dem

Wort analysieren, weil das zu viel Platz nehmen wird, aber der bloBe Fakt, daB er

263

in TESTATIKA einmal

das Coler-Prinzip, einmal den Searl-Effekt sieht, reicht

urn

zu

sagen: versuche nicht etwas zu erklaren mit etwas, was noch nicht klar und bestatigt

Oder sogar bloBe

LLige

ist.

Keiner wird davon profitieren.

Ich schreibe dem Kelly

Ich frohe mich aber, da3 Kellys Artikel gedruckt ist.

1-2

Brief e jeden Monat und betrachte ihn als einen der wichtigsten Forschern in der alternativen Physik. Ich habe aber eine andere Einstellung zu dieser Physik: Ich bffne leicht

meinen Mund, aber ich uberlege lange, sehr lange, bevor ich meine Meinung auf dem Papier
schreibe.

Auf Seiten 28 und 29 von TWT-V habe ich zwei schematischenZeichnungen von TESTAIKA

verbffentlicht und beide dem Herrn Hauser zugeschrieben. Herr Hauser hat mir in einem
Brief berichtet, da3 nur die eine von ihm stammt. Die andere stairmt von Don Kelly, wo
einige Sachen mit etwas Fantasie zugefugt seien, und Hauser distanziert sich von dieser
Zeichnung.

Stefan Marinov

A-8010 Graz

CORRESPONDENCE

264

lunluereifai

STEFAN MARINOV
ospite a

Matematica
NelTambito
delle
atlivita

del
Fi-

Gruppo
sica",

di ricerca

"Geomelria e

sara
il

professore

visitatore

presso
tica

durante
il

aprile

Diparlimento di Matemaprossimo mese di il prof. Stefan Marinov, gia

la

Assistant Professor presso

Fa-

colta di Fisica delPUniversita di Sofia,

Ricercatore delTAccademia

Bulgara delle Scienze. L'invito al prof. Marinov, che e stato reso pos-

da un Unanziamento del (jruppo Nazionale di Fisica Matematica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, si inquadra nell'attisibile
vitii

seminariale e di ricerca prepa-

ratoria del

Convegno
della

fondamenti

sul tema matematica

il

"I

della fisica nel

XX secolo:

declino

deirintuizione",

che si svolgera Dipartimento nel prossimo mese di settembre. II propopresso

il

sito generale e quello di indagare se

proprio impossiblle,
si

come

oggi

comunemente
airinterno di

ritiene, costruire,

uno schema

"razio-

nale" solidamente basato sulle ordinarie categoric di spazio e tempo,

una visione del mondo che sia compatibile con le acquisizioni della fisica moderna. Temi particolari di studio saranno allora le relazioni tra elettricita e magnclismo, e Tequivalenza tra massa cd energia, in
vista di loro possibili "spiegazioni"
in

un contcsto non-relativistico. Nollo stcsso periodo sara ospite a

prof. P.T. Pappas,

Perugia per alcuni giorni anche il dcirUnivcrsiladi

Atcnc, altro noto Riccrcal(rc su

qucsli stessi tcmi.
inluiio lidilinri

l>

/
aprile-IS

II

Sapere

Ufficlale

sta crollando. L'esperimento deH'Utah

conferma

le tesi dl

C.Louis Kervran sulle trasmutazioni a debole energia.

LA FUSIONE

NUCLEARE E' FREDDA

Renzo Boscoli e Roberto Monti
insigniti del

V
fir*

MlLEOGAillf
"per aver saputo
.^-

riscattare in

extremis
\

ia

scienza

deiXXsecoio
dalla stupiditd"
Renzo Boscoli
THE DAY AFTER UIAH
Monti
*

>

lilUDVDlTOMO
Dantonio
AIVIEN

Srilanka

NDNSDIOGUERRI
liberatore

v:?j-

AMDREAMORlii

llPENODlOSIt!

DIGASAAUeON;

266 -

PHYSICS LETTERS
PROFESSOR V.M. AGRANOVICH
Institute

npCXJ). C, MapMHOBy

USSR

of Spectroscopy Academy of Sciences

MopeJIJieH(j)ejIfaAraCCe 16

'"^"* Moscow 142092

A-80I0 rpau, ABCTPWa

USSR

29 MapTa 1989 r.

yBajKaeMbri^

npo$eccop MapHHOBt
DTBeTHTb BaM cpo^HO,
KOToptrfi OTCbuiax)
Bfci

B CBH3H
cjiajiH.

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BaM

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K coKaneHHK), h He CMor A0(5MTbCfl ot cbomx pei^eHseHTOB KOTOpblf! fl CMOr 6bl BaW OTOCJiaTb M KOTOpwtt, B TO me BpeMH, 6bui 6u BaM nojieseH b padoTe. IloaTOMy y MeHH HeT ocHOBaHHi^ OTOCJiaTb Bajnn cTaTbH b HSAaTejibCTBO ajih ony6jiHKOBaHHH b ^M3MKC JIETTEP3 A. B to me BpewH Bm, paayMeeTCH, MOxeTe o6paTHTbCfl c HHMH K ;iio6oMy jipypoMy pe^aKTopy OToro hjih MHoro acypHajia, 0co6eHHo BaM penoMeHAyro npocj), Btwrbe. Cy^H no TOMy, t4T0 Bbi, no-BH^HMOMy (cm, Bame nncbMO ot B.X, 1988) paccMaTpwBaeTe cboh pesyjibTaTw KaK BecbMa BSUKHbie, oueHb Ha^eiocb, MTO TaKoi^ $HHaji HaniHx KOHTaKTOB Bac He o^eHb orop^HT.
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papers "On the Editor's note. With the above letter Prof. Agranovich rejects Marinov's (TWT-II, p. ici) aspects of the electromagnetic interactions absolute and not by the intenand "The electromagnetic effects are determined by the potentials opinions as this sities" (TWT-I, p. 310). Prof. Agranovich does not send the referees these rejected papers to is the common practice. He recomands that Marinov submits topic the letter of Prof. Vigier, another co-editor of PHYSICS LETTERS A (see to this Prof. Vigier of the 1 June 1989). of the 25 June 1989 The answer of Marinov to the above letter is given in his letter

NORTHIIOI.I

AND PHYSICS PUBLISHING *

LaMes:
I

SIOM Amslcrdotn

Telex:

OB.

103

1000
nl

10704 cspom

Telephone:

AC AMSTERDAM THE NETHERLANDS

020
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586 29

ASPS
niPARTIMENIO RA-1
VIA
N.
-

267

ASSOCIAZIONE SVILUPPO PROPULSIONE SPAZIALE

MARTOC5LIO. 22 ROMA - ITALIA

OOI-.7

TKI.. (06) 8175.-544

Cdx:hxt,Lib/348/9
Stetan Marinov Morellenfeldgasse 16 A aOlO Graz - AUSTHIA
Dr.

Roma 2b Aprlle 1909

ti inforino 12/4/09 a Perugia riascoltando i nastri del nostro colJoquio, sono rlinastl favorevolmente interessati da tutte le temalicihe in essi conlenuti.
,

Egr. Marinov In rif eriuiento al nostro colloquio del

i

che

soci ASPS

Desideriano avere se possibile, fotocopie delle copertine e/o i titoli tutti i tuoi testi sulle violazioni dei principi del a flsica classlca per larne pubblicita* su NOVA ASTKUMAUTJCA insieine a un eventuale tuo articolo o coniinento, che ne olfra una generate sintesi.
di
J

Come ti ho gia detto desidereremino che tu accettassi di dl venire socio onorario ASPS.

Nell'attesa del la tua risposta ti invio a cordiali saluti.

noiw? di

tutti

soci

plu'

dr.

Kniidio Laureti

Presidente

268

Iff
DAVir)
I

Am^rtrau

JIjyBiral nripty
Dept. of Physics

A/ARU^

l.diior-in-Chicf

University of Illinois
III

West Green

Si.

Urbana. IL 61801

(217)333-0492

BITNET davcfeAPSEDOFF

April 27,
Dr. Stefan Marinov Morel lenfeldgasse 16 A-8010 Graz, Austria

1989

Dear Dr

Marinov

I have now had a chance to consider your volumes on THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH, as well as the other matters which you mentioned in your letter of 23 January 1989.

I am sorry that you find fault with our editorial procedures. These have been established for nearly a century and, apparently, have served us well, since we are journals-of-choice Your papers have been for much of the world's basic physics. treated in precisely the same way as those submitted by anyone else, objectively and without prejudice. I have no reason to question any of the procedures which were used in reviewing your papers in the past, nor would I consider reopening any of the evaluation procedures by which the editors decided that they were

tinacceptable

No papers are ever accepted for any of our journals without a positive recommendation from one or more impartial referees; there are never any exceptions made to this fundamental rule. It is the editor of each journal who must consider the referees' reports and decide whether or not they are sufficiently positive to permit the papers to be accepted. In tlie case of your submissions, none have been recommended for publication by any of our referees and, accordingly, none have been accepted. 1 am sorry, but your papers cannot be reconsidered
.

We cannot consider the purchase of the four volumes of THH THORNY WAY OF TRUTH. Accordingly, they will be returned to

you

Sincerely yours,
David l!.azarus Kd Itor-in-Chlef
xc
:

(I

lia

sba

s
I.

N<)r<l s

roin

E ditor ial

note. See the letters of Marinov to Basbas of the 19 May 1989 and to Lazarus of the ?5 June 1989.

269 Prof. Bengt Nagel Nobel Committee for Physics

Morellenfeldgasse 16

A.8010GRAZ- AUSTRIA
3

May 1989

Sturegatan 14 S-IU 36 Stockholm

Dear Prof. Nagel

At the end of January I sent you the first edition of my book THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH, Part IV, begging you to confirm the reception but no letter came from you.

For the case that the book has been lost in the post, I send you now the second edition of TWT-IV, where there are some changes in the article on p. 136 (with respect to the same article in the first edition).

send you also the first edition of TWT-V. I ticles on pp. 5, 8, 36 and 315.

beg you to read ATTENTIVELY the ar-

Thus you can see that there is a functioning PERPETUUM MOBILE in the village of Linden in Switzerland and the world DOES NOT KNOW THIS.
I try to bring Dr. Maddox, the editor of NATURE, to Linden, but as said on the cover of the book. Dr. Maddox behaves himself as an ass on a bridge, i.e., he continues to persuade myself that he wishes to see the machine but he always finds some pretext not to come.

committee with the proposal to organize a visit of some I am addressing the Nobel representative of the committee in Linden. If you will consent that this is necessary (persons) would to be done, then write a letter addressed to me that this P^son .like to inspect the machine. I shall present this letter to ruling board of the community and if they will also consent, we shall arrange the date by phone conversations (thus, please, send me the phone number where I can reach you, or your secretary).
After landing in ZLirich, the representatives of the Nobel committee will be guests of the community.
I send you this letter by express mail and I beg you to answer it also BY EXPRESS MAIL, as in about ten days I go to Linden and I should like to have your answer (a telegraphic reply (with a positive or negative answer) will be HIGHLY APPRECIATED) before starting for Linden.

Please, confirm the reception of TWT-IV, sec. edition, of TWT-V, first edition and also of TWT-IV, first edition sent to you in January.

Since ten years a perpetuum mobile works- in Linden, Switzerland, and the world does not know this. Our irresponsibility before mankind is UNPARDONABLE.

Sincerely yours.

'jJUmw
Stefan Marinov
Editorial note
.

The answer of the Nobel Committee for Physics to Marinov 's proposal for organizing a visit of the members of the Committee in Linden is given in the letter of the Nobel Committee of 18 May 1989.

270 -

TECHNIDYNE ASSOCIATES
Alterna'o Energy Systems

RATIONALE

Jt is iiiccnco vjb ^ that i rational and responsible- would society should use old dinosaur bones and danqerous nuclear fission energy as a continuing fuel means!!
i
1

P.

Box

11422
'^

346^6*''
(813):

442-3923

Stefan Marinov Morellenfeldgasse 16 AUSTRIA A- 8<010 GRAZ,

Dear Stefan:

May 12,1989

Thank you for the receipt of T.W.T., 5th Edition, and you have done an excellent job of the electrostatic disc portion of the M- L Conver* ter, in my view. I have some differences of opinion with you on other portions of this excellent F/E system, but this will be the way that we will even-tually get this system resolved. at least the theoretical principles of operation for it.
of "raum

I'm enclosing a recent response to an advisory from Mr. Ehlers zeit" /GR, for your review and consideration at this time.* While fvtinot intended to get involved, again, with the M- I Converter,Mr. Ehlers letter to me has "stirred the pot", and I had to dig into my file of it. Was also obliged to look further into the physics of it, to see if something had been missed, and I believe that this has been the case on this project work. Please note the content of Item No. 5, in the r 5 z letter/copy, which I believe sheds some more light on the background for the system, as noted.
&

Even if this theory may be close to complete, I don't believe that it helps much in understanding the actual hardware components which remain a puzzle in my view, as it is apparently with you! Hopefully, v; may be able to eventually fully resolve the construction of the components and their various details.
,
:

I've also written to Mr. Francis Bosshard of Methernitha saying that believe that Paul Daumann should now be considered for a Nobel Prize nomination in applied physics, but I'm not sure how this can be done. Since most of us are "outsrders" in this F/E field, I don't know how wo can gain the "ear" of the establishment in this regard.
,
I

If you will be at Mothernitha/Linden I believe that you will see Rolf S. thcr by that time although I was not sure of his departure schedule from the U.S. I believe that he has been very busy in the preparation for this trip, and was therefore unable to contact everyone about his trip schedule. In regard to the work of Schumacher and Searl,I have little knowledge of Schumacher's work other than the brief descriptions and sketches provided, so hesitate to present an authoritative writeup on it. Aboi<t John Searl's work, I do have the full description and construc-foo details of Kis S.E.G. system, I only have a sketchy understandintj of how it works, and to my knowledge, no one, except Searl fully understands how it works, so he is much like Baumann in this regard.
,

will order your

'I'.W.'l'.

V<r

somotirno in ilune.
p.

Syicerely,
83

-.

This response was published in RAUM UND ZEIT. Nr. 40, and is reproduced in this volume.

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Geneva, 16 May 1989

Dear Mr. Marinov,

Thank you for your letter dated 7 May 1989, addressed to Mrs. Ch. Bouldin who is on leave for a few months. I have looked into your file and I should like to remind you on the letter by Mrs. Ch. Bouldin, dated 26 February 1988, in which it is clearly stated that we are not willing to receive any further manuscripts for Europhysics Letters from you.
Let me also add a personal remark. I admire the Co-editors who have spent so much time to deal with your papers containing remarks being far from the usual vocabulary common in the civilized countries. Therefore, any papers received from you at our address will be handed over to me and go then directly into the paper vaste box.

Yours sincerely.

G.

Thomas

cc:

N.

W.

Kurti, Buckel, Editor-in-Chief

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NOBEL COMMITTEES FOR PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Bin VMI^. S KMd^ ShK'khnlni. Sukcikn

1989-05-18

Herr Stefan Marinov Graz

Dear

Sir,

T.

This

IS

to

f acknowledge receipt of your

, , ,

j^"^ books "The Thorny Way of Truth", ^^^^^ j j

parts IV (first edition), IV (second edition) and V (first edition!

Yours sincerely.

Anders Rarany Ass. secretary to the Physics Committee

Edit orial note

letter of This is the answer of the Nobel committee to Marinov's the 3 May 1989.

'"''
'

276 Dr. George Basbas

^^"^

^'-'-'

..LJTRIA
19 May 1989

Physical Review Letters 1 Research Road

Bj^^^lOOO

NY 11961

Dear Dr. Basbas,

received the letter of Dr. David Lazarus of the 27 April 1989, a copy of which I Dr. Lazarus has sent also to you. My request for re-examination of all'^apers rejected in the last years by PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS was rejected. Thus I do not see other ways to show to the world that relativity is dead and that the present concepts of electromagnetism are to be fundamentally revised than to continue to submit papers to the leading physical journals which still have not broken the contacts with me and continue to examine my papers. Such a journal which maintains gentleman contacts
with me and examines my papers (although some time pretty long) is PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. Now I submit in two copies my paper
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS ARE DETERMINED BY THE POTENTIALS AND NOT BY THE INTENSITIES. The PACS numbers are 03.50.De, 41.10.Fs.
All charges will

be paid by myself.

Herewith

transfer the copyright for this paper to your journal.

THE PHYSICAL REVIEW refused to buy the first four volumes of my sequence THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH and the books were sent back to me. The postage (air mail) paid by you was 40 $, meanwhile the price of all books is 100 ?. I have the feeling that THE PHYSICAL REVIEW is AFRAID to have these books in its library, as they can "influence" some of its collaborators. You could send the books via sea mail and not pay such a terribly high sum.

enclose the cover of TWT-V which I published recently whBrel give the description I of the first electromagnetic perpetuum mobile on the planet Earth, the machine TESTATIKA. This machine will be presented by a 40 minutes film on the first program of the Moscow TV with an introductory speech of Acad. A. D. Sakharov. Now I am organizing this transmission.
If THE PHYSICAL REVIEW wishes to have TWT-V, send me % 25 {+ % 5 for air mail). If you will not ser.d me these money I can only repeat the words of the great thinker Karl Marx: "L'ignorance n'a jamais rendu service a qui que ce soit." - You do not read French? Then find somebody who will translate for you those words.

Hoping to receive your acknowledgement for reception and then in due time your final decision. Sincerely yours,

Stefan Marinov

Editorial note

Dr. Basbas has given an answer to this letter with his letter of the 13 June 1989.

277 u^w,Lr,.,i ,-^*.j

SI^APJJ

MARINOV
oc

Morellcnfe d':asse 16

A-BOIOCRAZ- AUSTRIA
19 May 1989

TW^'^l'lllll

Dear P.,

Thank you wery much for your letter od the 13th May and for the enclosed materials.
You write: "T send a version for reproduction in TWT-VI". Which paper did you send? This one which you submitted also to RAUM UND ZEIT? If it is THIS paper, then I have to reject it.

Here are the reasons: I am not specialist in nuclear physics and cannot judge your paper and give my comments on it. I publish in TWT only such papers which I can examine and for which I can have an opinion. My opinion can DIFFER from the opinion of the author, but I must have MY opinion on the paper. For the case of the cold fusion I cannot have an opinion. Of course, if you would be right, this will be an extraordinary discovery. I can, of course, publish a paper, noting that I have NO opinion on it, but this must be decided at the last stage of the preparation of the book. The publication of TWT-VI is not imminent (maybe the end of June).
shall beg you to send me a revised copy of your previous paper (on the electroI static machine) correcting ALL typing and linguistic errors. If you would like, I shall note you these errors, but you will certainly find them by yourself.

returned two days ago from Linden where I was a week. Now we undertake a very I interesting action with Paul Baumann about which you soon will see on your TV. I do not make secrets and I can tell you about the action but you SOMETIMES act as a child and I must be cautious.
You write that I hide from you TWT-IV, second edition. This is not true. I offered you the book in Perugia and you did not wish to buy it. Also Tula* said that there are too many of these books in your house. If you wish to have it, send, instead of 60 2, 85 ? and you immediately will receive it.

Have you received TWT-V? Seeing the date of your postage, I have to presume that you have received it. On p. 304 I write that if you wish to have my Rotating Ampere bridge with sliding contacts (machine RAF), you can acquire it by sending to me $ 2000. Then you can make all necessary measurements and check whether the results reported by me correspond to reality.

Yours,

Tula is Pappas' wife.

Editorial note

Marinov mentions in the above letter two papers of Pappas. These papers
are:
1.

Cold nuclear fusion and excess energy.

2.

Principles of electrostatic motors with free energy merit.

Both papers are published in this volume.

p.
ProJ
M.iicf.pnlii.ti
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T.

PAPPAS
il

273

nf M;ith:n:iltrs. I)f:l(r

Phyr.ics

Atlions

11V 14.

Cur.cv

TpI

(0301) PO 23 27f)

Stefan Marinov. Morre lenf e Idgasse 16 A-8010 GRAZ. AUSTRIA.

I

May 28, 1989

Dear Stefane,

Thank you for your letter 19 May 1989. you publish the above letter of yours in TWT for your readers. can not believe your explanation in this letter not to publish my paper. I understand you are going to publish the Thorny Way of Truth regularly as a scientific journal. May I ask y.u what are the criteria for a paper to -be published in TWT? Is it whether or not Marinov understands it. suggest you think I twire what you write on a piece of paper. I did not expect to hear this excuse from the worst editor of the conspired journals.
1

sugciejrtt

You refer to me about typing mistakes for a second time without pointing any to me. I hope this is not an excuse as the excuses used by the conspired editors for my early papers. As an editor you should point to me my typing mistakes. My manuscripts are electronically checked and there should be no typing errors, certainly much less than yours.
am nr.t a child but 1 can not accept someone who ever he is, miFipresent ng facts and scientific truth. Therefore, you should not be cautious of me As a friend you should present your sr-i'^rit if ic activities with Paul Baumann
1

Fivei-y publisher who corrects his book either offers book at a low prize to those who bought already the first of the book or sends the corrections free of charge. I afford buying a new book every time you make an error. 5^en(l me the corrections free of charge.
1

the new edition can not Please.

^m not taking your suggestion to pay a la 2000 $ dollars. Schumacher can not pay 2000 $ dollars for a machine that know dofs n<'>t produce anything surprising and definitely does not ro 'ite as you claim. You claim a so important result that it is your duty to prove it. Unlike Maddox can take the risk, pay air tickets and come to witness your machine, if you ask me to
.

com*^

Sincerely Yours,

Dr

P.T.

Pappas.

Professor of mathematics, F^rofessor of Physics. TEl Patras.

279

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282

PHYSICS LETTERS
PROFESSOR
J.

P.

VIGIER

University Pierre et Marie Curie Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Laboratoire de Physique Tlieorique Institut Henri Poincare I J Rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75231 Paris Cedex 05 Prance

Uhs

Telephone (14) 336 2525 ext. 3776/82

Telex:

UPMC Six

200 145

1).JU^

TV

K#-^|rlj^;sV^

re-feree report on "The Absolute and Relative Newton-Lorentz Equations" by S. Marinov

This potential

oianuscript introduces a situation in which vector depends on time via the changing positions o-f the sources. prcducina the vector potential. The author clairrs tnat convent ione.l physics does not recognize the -formula describing this situation directly, and must instead resort to a rci A":i/ity c.rgufnent starting in a different coordinate fri?iT.i5. don't agre'3 that this is so. Conventional physics scccpfa tiifir: vrriaticn of the vectcr Dotentiial ?,5 a cause
I

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1
1

feid,

.n-^

variatiun.

283

STEFAN MARINOV
Morellcnfcldgasse 16

A-8010
5

GRAZ

- AUSTRIA

Prof. p. T. Pappas Markopulioti 26 GR-11744 Athens

June 1989

Dear Panaiotis,

Thank you very much for your letter of the 28 May.

think that it will be good to publish our last correspondence in TWT-VI, as such I publication will throw additional light to the Grassmann-Ampere controversy and to your and my experiments which try to solve this controversy experimentally.
a

shall be happy also to publish your I paper "Forces on a Stigma Antenna" which slightly different title. Thus I beg you sheet) of the letter of PHYS. REV. LETT,

correspondence with PHYS. REV. LETT, on your was published on pi. 158 of TWT-IV under a to send me a GOOD copy (on one side of the and of your answer.
I

Now to your paper "Cold Nuclear Fusion and Energy Excess" which letter of the 19 May.

rejected with my

TWT is NOT a scientific journal. This is a series of papers, letters and documents which concern predominently my theoretical and experimental research. I include papers of other persons only when I see that such papers will throw additional light to the problems which I am investigating and which are listed on p. 291 of TWT-IV. I am the only judge who decides whether a paper should be published or rejected. Of course, I can take into account the opinions and the suggestions of other people, but the final decision depends only on my own will. In the case of rejection I present motivations and in the case of acceptance, as a rule, I publish my opinion on the paper. The motivation that I do not understand a certain paper is sufficient for its rejection. I receive too many papers and I cannot physically publish all of them. I make TWT a collection of a VERY HIGH QUALITY and I think I am successful, as in the last time people order not single copies of TWT but tens of copies and resell them then at higher prices.
You submitted to TWT certain EXCELLENT papers (as the paper published on p. 169 of TWT-IV, although its somewhat awkward presentation does not allow to the common reader to appreciate its beauty) and papers written in a hurry (as the paper published on p. 289 of TWT-V) which "glitter with idiotisms" as you are unable to tame your emotions when discussing experiments giving evidence contrary to your predictions,
As you see, I published a great part of the papers which you submitted to TWT, as I hope that all of them (not only the good but also the bad) will throw some light on our thorny way towards the scientific truth.
I rejected your paper "Cold Nuclear Fusion..." with the motivation: "I am not a specialist in nuclear physics and cannot judge your paper." I chose this motivation:

a) as
b) as

wished to spare my time to criticize it, and

preferred to evade the necessity to tell you my opinion which, surely, would be offending your ambitions.
I

Neither I nor you are specialists in nuclear physics and your paper is not a "nuclear physics paper". Simply you heard in the night people shouting "There is a bear in the bosket", you jumped from your bed, charged your beloved "Ampere-formula-gun" and you shot in the direction to the bosket. Maybe the bullet will hit the bear! You repeated exactly the same move as in the case with the Joseph Newman machine some years ago. You read in TWT- 1 1 that J. Newman claims of having produced free energy, over a night you invented the theory that this machine is transforming heat into mechanical energy, cooling thus the environment ^in contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics, and in a hurry patented this 'cliscovery", taking the experimental evidence from Dragone's replica of NewmarVs machine even without having seen and tested Dragone's machine.
I reproduce here the summary of the patent of Dragone and yours, for the case that you have forgotten what have you both asserted in this patent:

Electro-Entropic Engine of High Efficiency Inventors: L.R. Dragone, P.T. Pappas

Summary
The device described herein is an extremely efficient DC motor which has the added feature of converting heat which it draws from the surroundings directly into mechanical energy. In the prototype described herein, the mechanical output was in excess of 20 watts, while the electric power input was 0.9 watts, the reminder of the output power 19.1 watts being derived from direct conversion of heat energy from the surroundings. In particular, the interior of the main coil of the device pumps heat from the surrounding when the motor is in operation. This heat energy is converted directly into large current pulses in the coil and ultimately ends up in producing greater mechanical output of the rotating shaft.

In the summer of 1987 you and Dragone came to me in Graz and I showed you my superb replica of Newman's machine {see p. 134 of TWT-III, sec. ed.) which gave no free energy. I offered you the hospitality to make attentive and exact measurements and to persuade yourself that the motor is conventional and that there is no even the slightest trace of violation of the energy conservation law (i.e., the output energy was always LOWER than the input energy). However, you, although having seen for a first time Newman-type machine, did not wish to make such accurate measurements and started bustly into a certain direction to the West to meet persons, to whom I have introduced you, and to sell them the skin of a bear which not only that still was in the wood but which neither did exist.

Now

in TWT-VI. Well,

see that you insist too much to see your paper on the cold fusion published shall publish it. I

was in Italy during the "cold fusion euphorV which in Italy was the most euphoriI cal. To propjse theoretical explanations for the effects in some electrolytic experiments, about vhich the reports are so contradicting, confusing and inaccurate, is not only bad physics; this is not physics at all. First one must know WHAT has one to explain theoretically. One must have clear effects, measured with a better or worse accuracy, but EFFECTS. In Newman's machine there were NO "free energy effects" but you rushed to explain and even to patent these non existing effects. For me (I repeat I am not a specialist in nuclear physics) the reports of Fleischmann and Pons and of Steven Jones are of such a quality that it is premature to "propose theories" for their explanation. I should like also to add that you even do not refer in your paper to the papers of the above authors which I procured for you in Perugia, so that you propose your "theory" even without analysing the "effects" observed by Fleischmann + Pons and Jones. Thus this will be your last paper of such a kind which I shall publish in TWT. If you will produce other such papers of "shooting into the bosket", you have to search for other scientific vehicles. But I shall gladly publish your comments to my above opinion, if you should have such an opinion.

285

note all your typing errors in the paper "Principles of Electrostatic Machines..." I and in your paper published on p. 289 of TWT-V. I shall be extremely thankful to you if you will indicate to me any typing, linguistic, mathematical or other error which you will find in TWT. I owe always my highest gratitude to these people who correct my errors. I have not corrected yours by myself, as I thought that it will, be not difficult for you to identify them.
You wish to know which are my scientific activities with Paul Bauman of the Methernitha community. I repeat once more, your attitude in the past years has shown that I must be cautious with you, moreover when this concerns third persons. You will learn about the action which Paul Baumann and I now undertake from your TV screen. Excuse me.
By editing TWT-IV, second edition, I do not correct the first edition as an editor, as the publication of the first edition from an editorial point of view is O.K. In TWT-IV, first edition, the author Stefan Marinov has published a report on his RAFmachine, from which it follows that there is no back tension induced in the Rotating Ampere Bridge which is the motor part of this machine. In TWT-IV the author Stefan Marinov presents a revised version of this paper from which it follows that, according to his preliminary theoretical expectations, there is a back tension indeed. The overseeing of this back tension at his first measurements was due only to the bad experimental conditions in which the author Stefan Marinov, a poor groom, as you know very well, does work, investing the scarce money which he receives from these people who PAY for the books which they have ordered. Thus if you wish to have the second edition of TWT-IV, you must PREPAY it. In TWT-IV I published three of your papers free of charge, making so many time consuming and money consuming efforts, so that your papers appear in a good form and commenting any of your papers but you still, a half a year after receiving the ordered copy of the first edition, do not pay it. Thus, I shall beg you, if you do not intend to send to me the remaining 60 dollars for the books which you have already received, to send back to me TWT-III and TWT-IV, so that I can sell them to other people and in this way to accumulate money for the edition of your papers in TWT-VI. You do not wish to buy for $ 2000 my RAF-machine, a machine, as you write "that I know does not produce anything surprising and definitely does not rotate as you claim". That's your affair. You raised doubts whether my machine really exists (although there is a clear photograph of this machine), you raised doubts whether this machine demonstrates the effects which I have reported and you trumpet in the whole world: There is no machine, there are no effects, there is a "Holywood physics". Well: I offered you to send the machine to you (against payment), I offered you hospitality to come to Graz and to check its rotation and the appearing effects and I publishedin TWT-IV a COMPLETE technical drawing according to which any mechanician can reproduce the machine. Choose this way which is the most convenient for you. You can, of course, continue to trumpet about my "Holywood physics" but the result, I am afraid, will be only one: you will blame your scientific credibility. For your information I repeat once more that Dr. Maddox also raised doubts whether the RAF-machine will rotate. As he told me, a highly qualified scientist to whom Dr. Maddox has full confidence has replicated the machine and IT DOES NOT ROTATE. With this motivation he rejected the publication of my report on the RAF-machine in NATURE. I begged Dr. Maddox to send to me a photograph of the replicated machine and the report of this highly qualified scientist and to disclose his name. Dr. Maddox said that he will not disclose the name but a photograph and a report will be sent with the official letter of rejection. not arrive, although in our everySince half a year this report and photograph do day phone conversations Dr. Maddox assures me that the report will be sent. In the 5 conversation which I made from Italy Dr. Maddox assured me that the letter is alreafrom Italy and phoned him again, dy sent. When I did not find it after my return he three times insisted that the letter has been sent and the fourth time consented that in all 8 phone conversations he has lied. In the succeeding phone conversations he continued his lies: "The letter will be sent to-morow, today before five 0.0. , today before noon with a telefax etc'.' Thus I have THE WHOLE RIGHT to blame Dr. Maddox that he is doing HOLYWOOD PHYSICS, as I can present PROOFS. Show your proofs, Panaiotis. The pages of TWT-VI are at your disposal.

286

Concerning your present assertions that a Rotating Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contacts (RABSC) cannot rotate when sending current through it, I should like to remember you some events from the not far past.
When I PROPOSED the machine presented on p. 101 of TWT-III, sec. ed., I wrote you that as you are the man who did the first QUANTITATIVE measurements of the forces acting on the Propulsive Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contatcs (PABSC), I would like to call the invented BY ME machine from p. 101 of TWT-III, IN YOUR HONOUR, the MARPAP (MARinov - PAPpas) machine. I asked you:
a) whether the machine will
b)

rotate when sending current through it,

if you would give a positive answer to the first question, to show to me on a piece of paper the acting (according to you) forces,
c) if you will fulfill also my requirement b), whether you would agree with the baptism of the machine.

You wrote me (first you said me this orally in Munich in April 1988) that the machinej will rotate and you agreed with the baptism and that later you will draw the acting forces. During many months you did not send me a sketch with the acting forces, although I asked you again and again about this sketch in ANY of my letters of that time. Finally you sent the sketch which I reproduce here:

The reason for this "painful birth" v/as the following: According to your (and Ampere's) concepts, the driving forces in the historical Ampere's floating bridge (and in yours repetitions) are the repulsive forces between COLINEAR currents at the sliding contacts. In my repetition of the Propulsive Ampere Bridge (see the figure above) the currents at the sliding contacts are PERPENDICULAR. Hence your beloved colinear repulsive forces cannot appear. Thus, after many months of rumination, you came to

287

accoring to you, the conclusion that the forces are as shown by you in the above sketch. Consequently; MY Ampere bridge is not self-propulsing (as it follows from the Grassmann formula) but
it is a machine with a "rotor" and a "stator" and Ampere's formula clearly shows the acting forces (I agree that according to Ampere's formula the acting forces must be as shown in your above sketch).

When, however, you received the photograph and the technical drawing of my RAF-machine where the MARPAP motor was presented in a slightly different variation, called now by me a Rotating Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contacts, you asserted that this motor will NOT rotate.
But between the MARPAP machine and the RABSC there is NO difference IN PRINCIPLE. Those are ONE AND THE SAME machine. Thus where we are?! I call a machine with your name, you agree with its baptism and you consent that this machine will rotate and when I construct a SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT variation of this machine you begin to trumpet in the whole world that such a machine CANNOT rotate and that I am doing a "Holywood physics". Have I to call further the MARPAP machine a MARPAP machine or you will withdraw your name from this machine? Or according to you the MARPAP machine (which is still not constructed) will rotate but the RABSC (which is already constructed and ROTATES) will NOT rotate?

Don't you think that you begin to abuse with the attention and the money of my readers? People pay $ 25 for my books to read something new, something important, something what they cannot find in the world but not to follow a boring elsewhere quarrel between you and me.

With the aim to put an end to this altercation, I shall apply to you the same ju-jitsu which I always use when I wish to hold the tongues of my referees from the established journals. I ask them to reply a questionnaire.

Almost all my referees deny to answer the questionnaire, ftither the big sums which not only OFFER to them, but which I SEND to them, could help to open their mouths, as only by putting their "yes", "no", "I don't know" the referees would show the whole untenability of their objections against my theory and experiments. But as you are my contributor, I can apply to you a more effective ju-jitsu: If you will not answer my questionnaire, I shall not publish your two papers in TWT-VI (I repeat, also the answer "I do not know" is acceptable, but answers must be given to EVERY question). Please, give NEAT answers with a typewriter!
I

Before beginning with the questionnaire, I should like to make the following general comments on the Grassmann- Ampere controversy:
Since a couple of years you, Graneau, Wesley etc. continue to shout from sunrise to sunfall: "Long live Ampere, God damn Grassmann, long live Ampere, God damn Grassmann." And all of you look only at two interacting closed current loops and all of you do not take into account the whole body of electromagnetism. How you all cannot realize that if one will deny the validity of Grassmann's formula, i.e., the validity of Lorentz' equation, one will be unable to calculate the most simple magnetic effects which appear between the electric circuits. I shall consider only some basic aspects:
1. Proceeding from the Ampere formula (see formula (1) on p. 22 of TWT-III, sec. you will be unable to introduce the notion magnetic potential of a current element Idr at a distance r far from it

ed.),

Idr/cr.

(1)

This expression for the magnetic potential is obtained from the relation with which the quantities magnetic potential and magnetic intensity, B, are related
B = rotA
(2)

and from the Grassmann formula for the force with which the current element Idr acts on another current element I'dr' (see formula (2) on p. 22 of TWT-III)

.L^.l^-L^.B,

(3)

288

where the quantity

B = (Idrxr)/cr^
is called magnetic from it.

(4)

intensity produced by the current element Idr at a point distant r

From (4) and (2) we obtain

A where rotAo
=

Idr/cr + A^,
we have to take also A^
=

(5)
0.

and (as

show in CLASSICAL PHYSICS)

Thus you (Graneau, Wesley, etc.) have to build electromagnetism, without being able to write analytically the magnetic potential and the magnetic intensity produced by a current element and even without being able to introduce those quantities. If you are able to introduce these quantities for a current element proceeding from the Ampere formula, please, be so kind to do it. Sorry, Pappas, you CAN'T!
2. As you will be unable to write formulas (1) and (4), then HOW can you calculate the magnetic potential and the magnetic intensity produced by a circular wire? I give such calculations on p. 110 of TWT-II, first ed. and on p. 121 of TWT-II, sec. ed. In TWT-II, third ed., these calculations are omitted, as I had to insert more important and unknown mate-ial in my paper COUP DE GRACE TO RELATIVITY AND TO SOMETHING ELSE, meanwhile the mentioned calculations can be found in any standard book on electromagnetism. Please, if you can calculate the field of the magnetic potential of a circular current wire (in the plane of the wire), proceeding from the Ampere formula, do it. Sorry, Pappas, you CAN'T! The field can be experimentally verified by iron cuttings. 3. Your only move to save the situation is the following: You have to take the theorem of Lyness (Contemporary Physics, 3, 453 (1961)) that the force with which a closed loop acts on a current element according to Grassmann and according to Ampere is the SAME. Then you will make the ASSUMPTION that in electromagnetism one can realize only CLOSED loops. And then you will make ALL YOUR CALCULATIONS with the help of Grassmann formula, as only the Grassmann formula allows the introduction of the magnetic potential and intensity according to the above SIMPLE formulas. If you will take your OWN papers, you will see that NEVER have you done engineering calculations for the forces which you have MEASURED, proceeding from the Ampere formula. In your calculations you used ALWAYS the Grassmann formula, ^fe^ther your electronic calculators supplied with allow you to make engineering calculations with the most special programs will the Ampere formula. Sorry, Pappas, neither the calculator can help you, as the calculators give you in flour this what you give them in grain.

4. But what to do when the current loop is NOT closed? In this case the forces with which such an INTERRUPTED (by a condensor) loop acts on a current element are different according to Ampere and Grassmann? And in such a case Grassmann 's formula violates Newton's third law, while Ampere's formula preserves it. Here the experiment decided which is the right one. Those are my experiments: my Bul-Cub machine without stator and my Rotating Ampere Bridge with Displacement Current (RABDC). These two machines (see the schemes and the photographs of these definitely reject Ampere's formula machines on pp. 79-83 of TWT-II I, sec. ed.).

Now, if you will ATTENTIVELY (I repeat, ATTENTIVELY, not in a hurry!!!) answer the following questionnaire, you will understand a good deal of electromagnetism.

The answers must be only

a) yes,
b) no,

<
I

c)

do not know.

If requested, a formula is to be given as an answer or some figures. one of the questions is to be answered.
I

repeat, every

beg also the reader to answer the questionnaire. This "exersise" is very effective.

289 -

QUESTIONNAIRE TO P.T. PAPPAS, Professor in physics and mathematics

1.

If a wire moves with a velocity v is ABSOLUTE space, crossing a point where

the magnetic potential

generated by a magnet at rest is A, then the electric intensity

=

induced in the wire will be E

2.

vxrotA. Does Pappas agree?

Ve*.

If the magnet is moving with a velocity v and the wire is at rest, conventional
= -

physics writes for the electric intensity induced in the wire the formula E

v^rotA.

For this case Marinov writes the formula E = {v.grad)A. Pappas writes the formula:
3.

vy^KotK,

If the magnet and the wire move TOGETHER with a velocity v in absolute space,
= 0.

conventional physics writes for the induced electric intensity E

E
=

Marinov writes

vxrotA + {v.grad)A. Pappas writes:

4.

5=0.

On p. 42 of TWT-III, sec. ed. are shown a closed current loop and a piece of

straight wire (the same figure is reproduced in Marinov 's announcement in NEW SCIENTIST,
112, 48 (1986)). For the different cases of relative motion the following answers are

given whether a tension will be induced along the wire:

For Fig.
1

on p. 42

Einstein

Marinov

a) Loop at rest, wire rotating

b) Wire at rest,

yes
yes"
no

loop rotating

c) Wire and loop rotating together

290

whether the space between the condenser's plates is vacuum or

dielectric with

high!

dielectric constant (as BaTiOa). However Pappas asserted in conversations with Marinov
that the displacement current through vacuum does not generate magnetic field but the

displacement current in dielectricsdoes, as according to Pappas the polarization of

the molecules is analogical to the transport of charges
-

the pos'itive in the one di-

rection and the negative in the opposite.

6.

For the Bul-Cub machine without stator, i.e., for the machine shown on p. 57 of

TWT-III, sec. ed., the following effect is predicted: If applying alternating tension

between the electrodes M and

(the sliding contacts are taken away), then according

to Marinov and according to conventional physics, as presented in the opinions of the

referees of the leading physical journals (see TWT-III and TWT-IV), the rotor will begin to rotate. Does Pappas agree?
7.
-

^^.

The rotation of the Bul-Cub machine without stator is considered by Marinov as

patent violation of the angular momentum conservation law. Conventional physics (see

again the numerous

opinions on this experiment of the referees of the leading

physical journals in TWT-III and TWT-IV) asserts that the "opposite angular momentum"
is

"stocked" in the electromagnetic field.

If the answer of Pappas to the previous

question is positive, is this experiment violationg the angular momentum conservation

law?
8.
-

Wo.

For the Feynman paradox, i.e., for the experiment shown in Fig. 2 on p. 78 of

TWT-III, sec. ed., when the current in the coil is switched off, then according to

Marinov and according to Feynman, the rotor will begin to rotate. The opinion of Pappas is:
9.
-

Wo. The changed 6pheAQjSu}lil notato. only

Ifi

tha colt

li>

not iotid to them.

Marinov again considers the positive effect in the previous experiment (which
's

to the best of Marinov

knowledge is until now not executed) as patent violation of

assume physics that the appea-

'the angular momentum conservation law. Feynman and conventional

ring mechanical angular momentum has been "stocked" previously in the electromagnetic
field.
If the answer of Pappas to the previous question is positive, is this experi-

ment violating the angular momentum conservation law?

10.

Wo.

If in the scheme in Fig.

p.

9 on p.

82 of TWT-III, sec. ed.(the same scheme is

shown also on.

148 of TWT-IV) there are sliding contacts at the points C and F,

then according to Marinov and according to Grassmann the n-form frame CDEF will begin to move in the horizontal direction, if it will be free to move in the horizontal

plane, for the cases of direct and alternating currents. Will be there a horizontal

push according to Pappas:

11.

Vci.
be replaced by displacement currents (i.e., if

If the currents BC and FG will

the points B, C, F and G will be condenser's plates

and the volume between them will

be vacuum or dielectric), then, according to Marinov and to conventional physics.

291

the horizontal push will

remain exactly the same if the current will be the same. Does
-

Pappas agree with this assertion?

12.
a

fo^

dloXactHlc^ tkz 4ame pa^h, ^ok uacuton no piuh.

be positive, then will be there

If Pappas answer to the previous question will

difference for the cases where the displacement currents BC and FG go through vacuum
Vo^.

and through dielectrics?-

Note:

If Pappas will

accept that there is a push on the n-form frame CDEF, then

according to him (i.e., according to Ampere) this push can come only from the currents
BC and FG. Consequently the answers to

question

5 will

determine the answers to ques-

tion 12. According to Grassmann the push which comes from the currents BC and FG is
not in the horizontal plane, thus the bridgeis self propulsive.
13.

According to Marinov and according to conventional physics (the opinion of con-

ventional physics must be considered as expressed in the opinions of the referees of

the leading physical journals) the Rotating Ampere Bridge with Displacement Current

(RABDC), i.e., the machine shown on p.

135

of TWT-IV

will

rotate when alternating

a

tension is conducted along the axis of rotation. Will be there

to Pappas?
-

rotation according

Uo.

14. Again Marinov asserts that the RABDC violates the angular

momentum conservation

law while conventional physics asserts that the opposite angular momentum is stocked
in the elctromagnetic field. be positive, will
15.
p.

If the answer of Pappas to the previous question will

the RABDC violate the angular momentum conservation law?

According to Marinov in the machine MAMIN COLIU, i.e., in the machine shown on
be induced in the coil

86 of TWT-III, sec. ed., tension will

when the rotor rotates

(the permeability of the magnetis is to be taken exactly equal to 1). The opinion of

Pappas is:
16.

Vc^.

According to Marinov there is no electromagnetic braking in the MAMIN COLIU

-

machine. Is there electromagnetic braking according to Pappas?

17.
p.

Ve*.

According to Marinov the so-called MARPAP machine, i.e., the machine shown on

150 of TWT-IV, will rotate when electric tension will be applied to it. The opi-

nion of Pappas is:

18.

Ve^.

According to Marinov the Rotating Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contacts (RABSC),
149 of TWT-IV will rotate

i.e., the motor part of the machine RAF which is shown on p.

when electric tension will be applied to the two

Faraday disk). The opinion of Pappas is:
19.
-

screws

(disregard the

Wo.

If Pappas has anwered positively question 17 and negatively question 18, is there
a

according to Pappas
20.

contradiction between these two answers?

I

No.

If Pappas has answered negatively question 17, have

-

to withdraw his name from

the name of the machine?

Question

17

t4

aniiwAed pobitiKJdiij. Retain the name MARPAP.

292

21. According to Marinov back tension will

be induced in the MARPAP machine and in

-

the RABSC. The opinions of Pappas are: For the MARPAP machine:

An^uodA not glvzn.

For the RABSC:

22.

"

^^^ KABSC cannot

fiotoitd (U

an oZdctAomotoH..

According to Marinov for an Ampere bridge propulsing with a velocity V and haL

ving legs with length

intensity the electric induceld at a distance x from the edge of the

bridge is (see formula (9) on p. 99 of TWT-III, sec. ed.), if the shoulder is along
the X-axis,
F -

^0 V I L X 4. x(x2.l2)1/2-

...

^'^

As the propulsive Ampere bridge is an "electromotor", there must be a back induced ten-

sion (otherwise one will be able to construct with its help a perpetuum mobile). As

Pappas asserts that the propulsive Ampere bridge moves (he has done half a million

measurements of the forces acting on this bridge), is there

in the propulsive Ampere bridge?
23.
_

back tension induced

a6 Kz-

Mat/be awd tA
qnQji^toxi

tzmlon voUX be tndaczd mayba not

by zhz znoAgy c.oni>QA\}atlon law. If answer 22 is answered positively, then which is the analytical expression
at the different points of the bridge (on the shoulder or

of the induced intensity

on the legs
-

according to Marinov along the legs there is no induced back electric

An analytical QxpKU6lon cannot be WHAJXzn,

intensity):
24.

Proceeding from formula (A) Marinov has calculated the following back induced

tension in the RABSC (see formula (13) on p. 143 of TWT-IV, sec. ed.)
U^ = (y^/27T)R^nlln(a/a^),
(B)
I

where R.

is

the radius of the RABSC, U is the angular velocity of its rotation,

is the flowing current, a is the length Of the shoulder and a

is a very short length

which depends on the form of the bridge (thickness of the wire and curvature at the
edge).
If Pappas answers positively question 21, then which analytical expression

will he write for the induced back tension?-

.,,^

.^^

.^.^

J....

thoAz voUl be an indactd back Euen ^^niio^, an analyUcal ^omula cannot be

mJxtcn.
25. Marinov has tested the machine TESTATIKA in the village Linden in Switzerland.

According to his measurements and observation this is a SUPERB perpetual motion machine which, moreover, produces
to this statement of Marinov?
26.
Is Pappas
-

huge amount of free energy. Does Pappas believe

Wo,

bat TESTATIKA may be a peApeJtuam moblie.

the machine TESTATIKA?Ve^.
a

interested to

see

If Pappas will

answer positively the previous question, he has to write

letter on

the name of Stefan Marinov for his interest to visit TESTATIKA. This letter will be

submitted to the Presidency of the community Methernitha and soon he will receive the

answer of the Presidency.

293 -

ELECTRODYNAMIC QUESTIONNAIRE TO
ANSWERS BY

P.

T.

PAPPAS, by STEFANO MARINOV

Panos T. Pappas, Professor of Mathematics, Gr.Sc.El., Haidari Professor of Physics, TEI Patras, Markopulioti 26, Athens 11744.
,

Athens

The answers are not given as yes or no, or as the least possible ones as Marinov requires. Some extend However, this is given. extend is not meant to cover every detail a non specialist reader will require.
1. The magnetic field of a magnet is the magnetic field of a closed circuit. Provided the involved velocities refer to the inertial frame the interacting system belongs, the formulas of classical electrodynamics hold good, when the source of the magnetic field Is a magnet or a closed circuit. In particular, formula E-VxrotA is correct for a magnet, when V refers with respect to the inertial frame the interacting system belongs. It is also correct when A is the resultant (integral around the closed path of the circuit) vector potential of any other closed circuit and V is the velocity with respect to the inertial frame the system belongs. For any closed or non closed circuit, one can write only in terms of the cardinal law (Pappas' answer):

l2v.-V2/c' -O/cV,,') (v- r,,) (v,- r) where the velocities should refer strictly to the inertial frame the interacting system belongs. As inertial frame here is not meant a Newton's or Galileo's inertial frame, but a privileged frame (a sort of "system dragging frame"), which is defined as the system of the least coupled system energy.
)
)

E - F2/q. r.2(q2/r?,

The correct answer is the same as above. However, I would like draw some remarks for the formula E VxrotA, where V is referred with respect to the absolute space (???) by Marinov. I assume Marinov implies the standard definition A - idl/r, where dl is the current element length and r the distance of dl from the point of consideration and not A = idr/r as it is written by Marinov I presume by mistake. The Marinov formula E - (V.grad)A IS not the same as the first formula. For example, for a current element dl, A forms parallel lines to the element dl Let us say the y axis is chosen parallel to dl. Let us say a charge element IS near it. Let us assume the current carrying element approaches the latter with a velocity (Vx, Vy, Vz) then the Marinov formula for the induced E on the latter charge element reduces to: E-(V.grad)A-(VxQA/ex. VyQA/Oy, VzOA/Qz) (0, Vx(eAy/ex) +Vy(eAy/ey) 0), because Ax-Az-0 and 8Ay/z-0, as verified by its it is easily iefinition. This result is not the same result one gets from the f irst formula
2.

to

* E

(Y.grad)A

V^9A/9x + V^BA/ay + V^BA/Sz

(0, V^(8Ay/8x) + Vy(3Ay/3y), 0>

294

VxrotA

(Vy(eAy/)x)

Vx(8Ay/8x). 0)*

for the particular oriented axis. Marinov's result implies always a force parallel to the current element dl. In general, this is contrary to the above result and to the cardinal law which imply also a force perpendicular to dl. Does Marinov know an experiment to prove his formula, i.e. to imply E parallel to dl? (Do not suggest Kenard's, of course)
If the wire and the magnet moving together in isolated space,* then the wire and the magnet will form their own inert ial frame with respect to which they will be at rest. The correct answer is given by my formula in (1) and it is E - 0.

3.

In most practical cases that "rest" is meant with respect to the laboratory. In such a case the apparatus is enclosed in the inert ial frame of the laboratory. Therefore, the correct answers are the same as the Marinov. If this is not the case, then the answers are given by the Cardinal formula in 1 with the velocities appropriately chosen.
4.

which

did not know TWT I has been revised three times. I do not have TVrr 1/3. However, according to me, vacuum does not generate a magnetic field with the sense this magnetic field can exert forces on other charges, i.e. vacuum does not exert forces on charges. Forces are exerted by real charges on real ones, according to the Cardinal formula in 1. I should emphasize that currents caused in dielectrics exert and receive forces according to the Cardinal formula in 1, because dielectric currents are real charge currents. Therefore, dielectric currents produce a magnetic field in the sense that this field can exert forces on other charges, as well as forces are exercised on dielectric currents by other moving charges, according to the Cardinal formula in 1
5.
I

Yes I agree. (I presume Bul-Cub is a version of the classical 6.. Bruce de Palma machine or the cemented Faraday disk with the external circuit interrupted by two condensers, in a such a way that to avoid some of the external circuit to be imbedded in the magnetic field of the coil). However, contrary to you and what the referees' of the "leading" journals think, imply (do you Physical Review ones?), the rotation is due to the coil as rotor, and to the external circuit including the dielectric as stator, according to the Cardinal formula in 1.
7. Bui Cub is not a patent violation of angular momentum, (nor Graham and Lahoz, nor Kenard) Angular momentum is not stored in the external field, but to the external circuit. See my paper I delivered in Maco's conference in Munchen in 1988, however, not published by mistake in the proceeding, which any way is in your possession
.

8.
*

Yes.
VxrotA
3.
=

the
{V
J

Feymann
(;)A

'

rotor

will begin to

rotate,

if

this is
2

/9x),
J

V
^

(3A /8x), 0}
y

If the wire and the magnet are moving together in

absolute space,

295

separate from the coil. The coil takes up the angular momentum field. according to Cardinal formula in 1. Angular the not momentum is conserved. The field is the poorest agent to carry momentum or angular momentum. To do so, it needs enormous amounts See my publication Nuovo energy which are not available. iof
'Cimento 78B,
9.

189,

1983.

Again the same answer: NO, Angular momentum is conserved.

10. You should not ask me this question Stefane, the first time was in my you show this experiment with your own eyes, laboratory. YES, the Cardinal formula it will move according to in 1. For the special case of currents the formula is written: Fi2 = -r,2(I,l2/r,,") [2ds,-d82 -(3/r') (ds,- r.r) (ds,- n^)
)

in the currents are replaced by displacements currents condensers, then the ponderomot ive force on the bridge will be diminished. If the condensers are filled with dielectric the force will diminish less, only by the amount corresponding to displacement currents in the condensers. Displacement currents do not produce a force according to the Cardinal law. However, some forces will still be exercised by the external real matter circuit, depending on the exact geometry. The precise answer depends on the exact geometry.
11.

If

vacuum

12.

as

I answered already this question. There will be described in (11)

difference

13. Provided there is enough big current through the circuit, (in practice it is too difficult or impossible to have a substantial current through such a small capacitor), a diminished force by the amount exempted by the displacement current, will rotate the bridge, according to the Cardinal law. Marinov claims to have executed this experiment. However, the Marinov experiment gives no observable rotation and no relevant information for the reasons I explained in TWT IV. A successful experiment is the Pappas-Vaughan experiment. According to Lorentz law a detectable rotation is expected over the sensitivity by a factor of a 1000. According to the Cardinal law no rotation is 3xpected, No rotation was observed. This agrees with the cardinal formula. The clear conclusion for the Marinov experiment is as 'follows: Even if then there was really an enough big current. still there would be no rotation as much as predicted by the L^orentz law. (If I am wrong, then Marinov has to demonstrate Publicly his experiment, receiving from me 20000 $ and a nobe
r

ize)

14. in

No angular momentum is gained, no angular momentum is stored the field. no violation is seen or expected by the cardinal
as he requires in

In this formula Pappas denotes the current element not by dl point 2, but by ds
i

296

15. There will be a small tension in the machine under the' Marinov bizarre name "MAMIN COLIU" for various reasons. First it should be explained that Marinov is doing all his speculations by lines. the flux Flux lines is a convenient way to predict induction. However, according to me, there are no real flux lines. There is only the direct interaction of current on current and charges. There is no magnetic flux amplification nor any shading effect. A magnet may induce magnetization on a material and to assist its own effects- paramagnetism and f erromagnetism, or it may Induce magnetization which opposes its own effectsdiamagnet ism. Ferromagnet ism and paramagnetism contradict the Lenz rule and assist the causal magnetization of a magnet. The ability of a magnet to do work is bigger when it is assisted by f erro/paramagnet ism. On the contrary, ability of a magnet is the lessen wnen it is destructed by diamagnetism, which accords to the Lenz rule. However, for a f erro/paramagnet ism and permanent magnet based perpetuum mobi 1 some sort of a periodic process should undergo. For any such periodic process, as far as know, I during part of the cycle, energy is created and during the rest of the cycle the same or bigger amount of energy is destroyed, in a such a way, that during a complete cycle, energy is wasted. I call this empirical law "The Principle of the Reciprocity of Energy", opposed to the "Principle of Conservation of Energy". I do not understand the reason for the validity of "The Principle of the Reciprocity of Energy", as I believe, nobody can really understand the "Principle of Conservation of Energy". Marinov works here according to the "The Principle of the Reciprocity of Energy". However, I do not believe Marinov has ever observed what he claims here, (as I believe he has never observed this in any other of his experiments), i.e. excess energy in a complete cycle, i.e. the mechanical energy of the braking effect to be less than the electrical energy output over many cycles. I offer another 20000 $, to Marinov, if he makes a public demonstration of what he claims for his MAMIN COLIU machine and I presume the humanity will be willingly to offer him another Nobel prize.
,

16. have already answered this question. 1 I expect there is an electromagnetic braking effect for MAMIN COLIU. Marinov claims the opposite. He has to prove it publicly gaining 20000 $ and a

Nobel prize.
17. This machine, MarPap, is a Marinov duplicate of the Pappas machine shown on page 177 TWT IV. The answer given in the text there is that an this machine rotates under the action of electric current. The machine does rotate, according Lo the cardinal law.
18. have discussed this machine on page 169, I in my TWT IV, articife: induction in a Circuit Containing a Rotating Disc. I have travelled to California to Bruce de Palma to do this experiment. I have spent two years at NTUA doing this experiment with the assistance of four people. In the Marinov version of my

297 -

(no proper acknowledgement is given) the outside experiment wiring is not discussed. The rotation of this machine depends on picture in TWT the orientation of the outside wiring. From the IV, p. 149, I can see one external wire being axial, if the other external wire is also axial, then the machine, according to the Cardinal law, does not rotate.
19. There is no contradiction between the answers in 17 and 18. both are according to the cardinal law and have been confirmed by my observations.

However, it surprises me the fact I might someday answer negatively question 17. Marinov has kept asking me this question over two years answer to him positively in almost every letter. Always I and he keeps asking me from the beginning. Really I can not explain this Marinov puzzle.
20. The answer is positive. that Marinov considers that

These questions are clearly discussed in my article "Induction in a circuit containing a rotating disc" TWT IV, page 169. The external circuit in RABSC is not defined and we do not know whether it will even rotate, see answer 18. The experimental findings of Pappas in the presence in Santa Barbara California, of Bruce de Palma and his colleagues showed that the back electromotive is energy less than the corresponding mechanical whenever the Cardinal law is the only law applicable, i.e. whenever the cardinal law is not equivalent to the Lorentz law. I expect the MarPap to give similar results to the results of Santa Barbara. The results of RABSC depend on the interacting parts. The external interacting part is not defined. The answer can not be defined.
21.

The answer is given in 21. However, the answer is irrelevant Marinov' s wrong formula. according to the Lorentz law. I believe (I can not read Russian), which is only valid between closed circuits. In a rotating Ampere bridge the interacting parts are not closed circuits. Therefore, I do not expect Lorentz law to be valid in this case; I do not expect the Lenz rule to be valid; and I do not expect conservation of energy to be valid. My answer is the same as in 21. The BET is different than the equivalent to mechanical energy amount. The exact amount of BET depends on the particular geometry and on the departure of the interacting parts from closed circuits.
22.

to

This answer depends on the exact geometry. No analytical formulas are known to me. Generally, there are no analytical formulas for the interactions of non complete circuits. One can niake only numerical calculations with the methods of numerical
23.

nna lysis
24.

the external

Marinov' s formula is definitely wrong as it does not depend interacting circuit on the bridge. The answer is

298

There is already given in 23. expression for each geometry.

I

not

particular

analytical
only

consider that the TESTATIKA is possible. 25. believe what Is proven to me.
Yes
I

However,

am Interested to see the Machine Testatika.

A
Prof, of

4J

'

l<7^
T.

P.

PAPPAS

Mathematics. Doctor of Physics Marcopulioti 26. Athens 117 44. Greece Tel. (0301) 86 23 278

MARINOV'S COMMENTS TO THE ABOVE ANSWERS OF PAPPAS

Dr. Pappas evaded to give direct answers by "yes", "no", "I do not know" which would without difficulties to reveal enable the reader easily to grasp his view-point and the laws of the formal logic. Thus I tried to by applying his contradictions decypher Pappas' answers and inserted them by "script" type in the preceding questionnain If Pappas will object that I have wrongly interpreted his answers, this will be only his own fault.

Although our discussion with Pappas has become pretty boring and tedious, some short comments to some of his answers:
1.

give here?

a Newton's or Galileo's

Pappas defines an inertial frame as follows: "As inertial frame here is not meant inertial frame, but a privileged frame (a sort of "system dragging frame"), which is defined as the system of the least coupled system energy." To such an idiotic definition even Einstein will become jealous.
2.

Pappas writes: "I assume Marinov implies the standard definition A = idl/r, where current element length and r the distance of dl from the point of consideration and not A = idr/r as it is written by Marinov I presume by mistake." Whether the oriented wire element is denoted by dl or by dr is not a mistake and Pappas as a professor in mathematics and physics knows this ueAt/ u)QJtl. A mistake is when Pappas writes this formula in the above form, as the right formula is: In the CGS-system of units: A = Idr/cr (= idl/cr) and in the Sl-system of units: A = u Idr/47ir (= yQidl/4-rrr). I shoul like to note that Pappas' question whether by moving a wire in parallel to its length one can induce electric intensity in parallel to the wire is voAy good. This question shows that Pappas becomes familiar with the formula E = (v.grad)A which is NOT accepted by conventional physics and I hope that soon he will begin to defend the legitimacy of this formula. An experiment revealing the mentioned by Pappas effect is suggested on p. 157 of TWT-II, third edition. As I show there, its performance is difficult and nobody has done such an experiment. Here I shall present the problem in a more simple and clear way. In the figure beneath there is shown the cross-section of a veAy long solenoid along
dl

is the

dr

299

which the current I flows and a piece of wire with a length dr lying in^the xy-plane in parallel to the y-axis. If moving the solenoid with a velocity v = vx, at the wire's ends the follwoing induced electric tension will appear
.a,ttenghtcft.^ill^(,^yd''<><'^<!>

where A = Ay (A is positiveM"f the current in the solenoid is counter-clockwise) is the magnetic potential generated by the solenoid at the point where the wire dr is placed, and for U positive the positive charges are pushed downwards. The analytical expression of A is (see TWT-II, first ed., p. 122): A = 2TTnl[x2 +y2)l/2/c, where n is the number of the windings at a unit of length. One chn easily find the sense of the induced tension by considering the solenoid at rest and by increasing its current, as this leads to a similar change in the magnetic potential. According to the formula
E = - 8A/c8t,

(2)

one sees that for a counter-clockwise current the positive charges in dr will be pushed downwards. It is important to note that if moving the wire dr to the solenoid NO tension will be induced, as B = rotA = 0. Finally if moving solenoid and wire with the same velocity v (with respect to absolute space!), the same tension (1) will be induced. I know that not only Einstein and the whole herd following him, but also Pappas cannot swallow the last assertion but if he has begun to use the formula E = (V.grad)A, soon he will be impelled to swallow this assertion.
3.

See my comments to point 2.

Pappas writes: "The correct answers are the same as Marinov's. If this is not the case, then the answers are given by the Cardinal formula in 1 with the velocities appropriately chosen," With this words' acrobatics Pappas evades to give a clear answer to my CLEAR questions. The Cardinal formula gives the FORCE OF INTERACTION between current elements, while my questions are from the domain of the INDUCTION PHENOMENA. the last question in pount 4 he gives the naswer "yes" I wish only to note that if to (as Marinov), then he is in a formal contradiction with his answer to question 3 which is E = 0, i.e., no induced electric intensity.
4.
5. Pappas knows very well this experiment which is reported on edition, as we have many times discussed it. Here is its scheme.

p.

317 of TWT-I, third

300 -

field is concentrated in the volume between the condenser's plates. If there is vacuum between the plates, the electric field will partly go out from the volume between the plates and thus also according to Maxwell a 6tight decrease of B at point P will be observed with the increase of d. However, accepting, for clarity's sake, r> d, this slight decrease can be neglected. Pappas gives Marinov's answers for vacuum and Maxwell's answers for dielectric.
6. With his answer Pappas shows that he has not understood the Bul-Cub machine without stator. In this machine the uohol^ ^yitom fiotcuto^ and the current is conducted along the axu> o^ ^otcuUon. His words: "The rotation is due to the coil as rotor and to the external circuit including the dielectric as stator" are a puAe Idiotu^m. Let me note that on p. 20 of TWT-III Pappas is photographed holding in his hands the effective Bul-Cub machine. It is time that he understands how the Bul-Cub machine is built. If what to say about the other people who have not seen he remains completely ignorant, a Bul-Cub machine. Wesley many times wrote me that my descriptions of the Bul-Cub machine are so bad, that he cannot understand vohat this machine is. Meanwhile the machine is so simple, so simple! It is not my fault that Wesley and Pappas do not understand the functioning of the Bul-Cub machine. This machine, as a matter of fact, was discovered by Mliller. I understood its functioning, made additional developments and anathe observed effects I discovered the motional -transformer induction. Later lysing the Bul-Cub machine without stator which was the first experiment in I constructed the history of electromagnet ism (the experiment of Graham and Lahoz is not pure, as there the coil is solid to the laboratory) where a violation of the angular momentum conservation law observed. If Pappas has taken the pain to understand well was Muller's paper published in TWT-II five years ago, all these discoveries could be done by him.

7. Thus according to Pappas, the opposite angular momentum is stored in the external circuit which is a wire coming from infinity and going to infinity along the axis of rotation along which alternating current flows. Idlotl^ml 8. According to Pappas Feynman's gadget as delineated by Feynman (see TWT-IV, p. 211) will not rotate (as Feynman, conventional physics and Marinov assert). According to Pappas the disk will rotate only when the solenoid is mounted on another disk and in such a case the solenoid's disk will begin to rotate in the oppoi,Ajtz direction. Since many years Pappas sustains the idlotUm that a cylindrical solenoid can be set in rotation along its axis if acting on it with the magnetic fields of other curcuits, although, on the other hand, he asserts that the forces acting on the current elements of a circuit caused by other circuits are always perpendicular to those current elements and consequently a cylindrical solenoid can hqvqa be set in rotation about its axis. Pappas has moreover to take into account that: a) the current in the solenoid is falling to zero, b) the magnetic field of the electricized spheres is ^ery feeble as their velocities increase from zero to a certain \jery low velocity. 9.

10. Yes, I saw such an experiment for the first time in Pappas laboratory in Athens in September 1983 and the photograph of this historical visit is published on p. 109 of TWT-II, third ed. and on p. 327 of TWT-IV. In Pappas experiment, however, the conducting current wires are parallel to the "legs" of the Ampere bridge (as shown in fig. 7b on p. 108 of TWT-III, third edition) and not perpendicular to them (as shown in fig. 3 on p. 134 of TWT-I\d. 11. Pappas again evades to give clear answers, although seeing an absolutely clear scheme in fig. 9 on p. 82 of TWT-III, sec. ed. with a pKQciza geometry. Thus Pappas' answers must be: a) If the currents BC and FG will be replaced by displacement currents in vacuum, the ponderomotive force acting on the bridge will dUappQOA. b) If the currents BC and FG will be replaced by displacement currents in dielectrics with high g, the ponderomotive force will remain the same (cf. point 5).

12.
13. Pappas again evades to give a clearto a clear question and obfuscates his answer with the following words: "Provided there is enough big current through the circuit, a diminished force by the amount exempted by the displacement current will rotate

301

the bridge, according to the Cardianl

NO.

law.

shall help him. His answer must be a clear

14. As the answer to the previous question was negative, question 14 cannot be answered, as there is no rotation. Full stop. 15. Pappas is a professor in mathematics and physics and he knows very well that a certain quantity can be big or small only with respect to another quantity of the same character. Neverteless he writes: "There will be a small tension in the machine MAMIN COLIU." A tension small u)^h K(L6pzcX to vohcut? I agree that if onewill compare MAMIN COLIU with a conventional generator of the same weight, the same strength and geometry of the magnets, the same number and geometry of the windings, then the tension in MAMIN COLIU will be considerably lower. Thus Pappas answer to question 15 must be YES. Pappas further writes: "There are no real flux lines." I agree with him. There are no ^2Lt flux lines. The magnetic flux is only a mathematical construction which helps us to understand the magnetic phenomena. But what in physics is not a mathematical construction? - Then Pappas jumps again from principal questions to observed effects and writes: "I do not believe Marinov has observed what he claims here, i.e., excess energy in a complete cycle, i.e., the mechanical energy of the braking effect to be less than the electric energy output over many cycles." In all my six models of MAMIN COLIU I have observed that the generated electric power, Pgen should be higher than the consumed electric power, Pmot spent for driving the motor. If I had succeeded, then in 24 hours the world will know this. On p. 171 of TWT-III, sec. ed., i.e., in my letter to the Nobel committee published in NATURE in August 1986, the reported relation was Pgen/Pmot = 0.17. Pappas has also attentively to read p. 91 in TWT-III, sec. ed., before beginning with his vociferations, as such vociferations are desorienting the reader who has not the time to read (and to know) all my books.

mv^

16. Thus, according to Pappas MAMIN COLIU is a conventional

17.

electric generator.

Pappas still cannot understand that there is substantial difference between the Ampere- Faraday Rotating Disks (one can have only one Ampere-Faraday disk) sketched here

on the left (an experiment which he has constructed, the report on which and on the measured back tensions was published in TWT-IV, p. 169) and the Rotating Ampere Bridge sketched here on the right (an experiment constructed by me). In the Ampere- Faraday Rotating Disk the current in the "stator" sets the disk in rotation, while in the Rota-: ting Ampere Bridge (according to my nomenclature it is better to say Rotating Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contacts (RABSC)) the "rotor" is self-propulsing. Pappas gives a firm answer that the machine MARPAP njai \otcUc. Comparing the MARPAP machine, shown in. fig. 4 on p. 150 of TWT-IV with the RABSC shown in fig. 3 on p. 134 of TWT-IV, one sees that these two machines are in principle identical.

302

18. Pappas asserts that the machine shown on p. 149 of TWT-IV (neglect the cemented Faraday disk!) will not rotate when current will be conducted to the sidewise screws. But this machine is technical Kdolxzatlon of the RABSC! 19. There is a flagrant contradiction between the positive Pappas' answer to question 17 and his negative answer to question 18, as the machines MARPAP and the motoK poAt of

the machine RAF are two identical machines which I call Rotating Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contacts. Pappas writes an idiocy asserting that he has experimentally confirmed that the machine MARPAP will rotate but the motor part of the machine RAF will not rotate, as he ncvQK has constructed a ROTATING AMPERE BRIDGE.
20. My puzzling is that Pappas asserts: MARPAP (which is still not constructed) will rotate, while the motor part of the RAF -machine (which is construced and ^otatah) will not rotate. As a matter of fact, I am not "puzzling". I simply tried to show to Pappas his aberrations. Unfortunately, until the present day, without success. 21. Pappas writes: "The external circuit in RABSC is not defined and we do not know whether it will even rotate, see answer 18." The external part of the circuit in the RABSC shown in fig. 3 on p. 134 of TWT-IV is absolutely clearly defined. It is time for Pappas to take a firm decision whether this bridge will rotate or not and to stop to oscillate between the positive answer to question 17 and the negative answer to question 18. And it is time for Pappas to construct a Rotating Ampere Bridge and to see the effect of rotation. In my article published on p. 136 of Ti^T-IV I describe how he can construct a Rotating Ampere Bridge in a couple of hours.
22. Pappas asserts that my formula (A) for the induced back electric intensity in propulsive Ampere bridge is if^ong. But he does not show the right one. He has clearly measured BT (back tension) in his Ampere-Faraday rotating disk which is a tension induced in a non-cZo6Qd circuit. If there is a tension measured along a certain wire, then at the different points of this wire induced electric intensities must act (the tension is a product of intensity and wire length). If a certain quantity zxi^ti and Pappas himself has measured it, then one must be able to calculate this quantity with a more or less exact formula. I offer a formula (and verify it on my and Pappas' experiments). Pappas says, the formula is wrong. Show which is the right one! Without proposing a right formula, Pappas has not the right triat my formula is wrong.
a

23. I wish only to cite without comments the following Pappas "revelation": "Generally, there are no analytical formulas for the interaction of non complete circuits. One can make only numerical calculations with the methods of numerical analysis." 24.
25. Pappas does not believe in my assertion that TESTATIKA is a perpetuum mobile with a CLOSED energetic circle, i.e., a machine which once set in motion rotates eternally.

Thank you, Pappas.

wrote that if Pappas wishes to see TESTATIKA, he has to write a letter addressed I have to sent to the Presidency of the community Methernitha. He has not written such a letter. Thus he has not to await to be invited. Let me note that Bruce in a rather harsh tone. His letter remained de Palma has written to Methernitha a letter without answer. My advice for the case that P. will decide to write a letter is: be humble.
26.
I

to me which

STEFAN MARINOV
Morellcnfddgassc 16

303

A.8OIO

ORAZ - AUSTRIA

6 June 1989

or. John Maddox NflTIIRF JATURE^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ '-""'" W"'' ^LF

Dear Dr. Maddox,

You deceived me once more. For which time? for a 1001-st time!!!! Are you not tired to deceive me FIVE years. After 1000 of phone conversations, after 5 visits, after tens of faxes and telegrams. Nevertheless, I shall not give up the battle with you.

You have finally to realize that the principles of relativity, equivalence and the laws of conservation are NOT right. Now I have in my hands a functioning PERPETUUM MOBILE. I beg you to take into account the SCIENTIFIC POWER of such a machine. Thus I am still awaiting for the publication of your "Christmas puzzle" and for the publication of the correspondence Tiomno-Marinov. In our last phone conversation I told you that Tiomno has published a big paper on those problems in the last issue of FOUND. PHYS.
I am further awaiting for your letter in which you shall present motivations for the rejection of my paper PROPULSIVE AND ROTATING AMPERE BRIDGES VIOLATE THE PRINCIPLE OR RELATIVITY, enclosing the photograph and the report of the man who has reconstructed this machine and established that it cannot rotate. Also I am expecting the letter of Graneau on the above my paper. I am also expecting your information for which date have you scheduled the publication of my big paper (which is composed and is in the hands of Mr. Wenz) EXPERIMENTAL VIOLATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF RELATIVITY, EQUIVALENCE, AND CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM. If you will reject this paper, after having scheduled its publication TWICE, please, be so kind to present the motivations.

Now I work "full time" for organizing the presentation our film on TESTATIKA in the Moscow TV. The advertisement which I wish to publish in NATURE (see the text in the advertisement department) will help this presentation very much, as it will stir the attention of Marchuk and Sakharov. Yesterday I received a letter from the Soviet Embassy in Vienna that the Soviet side is interested in the machine and that they await for the decisions of Sakharov and Marchuk.
Look what succeeds in China. Don't go against the will of the FOLK. And the folk wishes to know the truth about TESTATIKA.

Enclosed is my appeal for the press-conference which I organize to-morrow in Graz and for the lecture which I shall deliver on the 9 June in the Graz techno-innovative fair (in 1985 I exposed on the TECHNOVA-fair my machines showing violation of the energy conservation law). But NOW THERE IS A RUNNING MACHINE, a RUNNING MACHINE, Dr. Maddox.

Hoping that finally you will begin to collaborate with me ACTIVELY,

Sincerely yours,

/'.-,.

Stefan Marinov
Copy: Mr. Sutherland and Mrs. Turnbull.

304
Mr. Andy Sutherland Mrs. Hilary Turnbull

STEFAN MARINOV
MorclliMifoKiKassc Ih

A-8010

GRAZ - AUSTRIA
6 June 1989

Advertising Department NATURE 4 Little Essex Street London WC2R 3LF

Copy: Dr. Maddox

Dear Mr. Sutherland, Dear Mrs Turnbull

,

send you the three covers of my book TWT and the text of a TWO-PAGES advertisement ftr NATURE. A copy of the document with which my bank transferred today to your bank account the sum of b 950 for the charge is also enclosed.
I

The advertisement is to be published exactly in the same way as this one which was published on p. xii in the 26 Sept. 1985 issue (I enclose a photocopy of this advertisement). Thus, on the left page are to be published two of the covers and on the right page one of the covers. The text is to be inserted beneath the covers. I beg you to publish this advertisement as soon as possible. But I should like to see the proofs.
You can send the proofs to the following fax number: Austria 0316/827560. The phone of the telefax is 0316/830063. I shall send you the corrected proofs on the same day of their reception to the fax number of NATURE.
You certainly will await for the consent of Dr. Maddox. He will be back in the office on the 12 June. If you should like to insert some corrections in the text, please, write your suggestions in a fax and I shall see what to do.

should like to see this advertisement published on the 15 June or on the 22 June. I beg you for your collaboration in the name of mankind's future. I shall write also a letter to Dr. Maddox begging him to help my endeavours to bring the perpetuum mobile TESTATIKA as soon as possible to the attention of the world.
I

Expecting your fax-answer.

Sincerely yours,

CREDITANSTALT
GRAZ, 08.06. 1989/PI9

Stefan Marinov

AUSLANOSUEBERWEISUNG LASTSCHRIFTSANZEIGE/DERIT ADVICE 07061989/067364 Mf*

HABEN WIR LAUT AUFTRAG VOM FOLGENOE UEBERWEISUNG FOER SIE OURCMGEFUEHRT:
HERRM PROF. STFFAN MARINOV
** *L STG ************* ^^O***? 50 t 00***

SCHALTERLAGERND

83/04

STEFAN MARINOV. GRAZ EAST-WEST PUBLISHERS' KTO.NR.: 0082-17077/00

MIR BELASTEN IHR OES KONTO: KURS 2197,00000 VUM 08.06 KURSWERT OES 20.871,50

PROVISION UEBERMEISUNGSSP.
WERT 08.06 OES

57.40 50,00 20.958.90

AUFTRAGGEBER:

STEFAN MARINOV, GRAZ EAST-WEST PUBLISHERS'

BECUENSTIGTER: HILARY TURNBULL MACMILLAN ACCOUNTS A AOMIN.LTO. 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET LONDON WC 2R 3LF KTU-NR.J 47? 01759

BEAUFTRAGTE BANK: NATIONAL WESTMINSTER BANK, LONDON HOCHACHTUNGSVOLL

Creditanstalt-Bankveretn

305

Submitted to NATURE as advertisement

'

The PERPETUUM MOBILE is discovered

In HaJjjJiZy 317, p. xii

(26 Sept. 1985)

I

advertised the second volume of my book

THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH (TWT). Now

advertise the third, fourth and fifth volumes.

Finally there is a machine violating the energy conservation law where the energetic

circle is closed, i.e., the machine sustains its own motion and presents the classical

wonder called peApeXuum mobU.z, about which established science says that its construction is impossible. This is the machine TESTATIKA.
As a representative of the Christian conmunity METHERNITHA which is owner of TESTA-

TIKA,

addressed first Dr. Maddox, the editor of NatuA.z, with the proposal to see and

examine the machine. Dr. Maddox showed an interest but during half a year he has neither written the letter for expressing the desire to see the machine as this is the
formal way for opening the doors of the community. Then
I

addressed Prof. B. Nagel from

the Nobel Committee for Physics who showed an interest even less than Dr. Maddox.
I

remained perplexed. There is a machine which solves the energetic crisis of our

world and a big part of the ecological crisis, but the leading Western scientific institutions are not interested in it On the other hand, all my papers in which
I

give

reports on experiments and machines violating the principles of relativity, equivalence

and the laws of conservation of momentum, angular momentum and energy are systemati-

cally rejected by the established physical journals. My review article dedicated to

these violations was accepted by NatuAz some years ago as a result of my selfirmolation threat (see J. Maddox,
HcuiuJiz,

311, 399, 1984).

composed this article with the

help of Dr. Maddox during my visits of his editorial office in March 1987 and in June
1988, and it was scheduled to appear first on the 18 August 1988, then, because of

the Benveniste case, was postponed for the 13 October, but it is still not published

and the edited copy can be read only in TWT-III.

In December 1988
I

was invited again by Dr. Maddox (this time he paid me even the

trip) to visit him in London and to have lengthier discussions. At the end of our con-

versations Dr. Maddox said: "A man in whom

have confidence will replicate your Rota-

ting Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contacts (the RAF-machine). If it will rotate as you

assert, your report will be published. FrOm my side

shall write a 'Christmas puzzle*

based on the experiments a la Kennard analysed in your address MARINOY TO THE WORLD'S

SCIENTIFIC CONSCIENCE

[Hw

SclzwUi^t, 112, 48, 1986)."

Later Dr. Maddox informed me that this man has replicated my machine and it does vwt
rotate but he does not send me (as he promised) the photograph and the report of this man
f/hose

name he refused to disclose)

so that

can publish them in TWT and show to

the world that England which once was a leading technological nation has totally dege-

nerated and there one is unable to construct even a childishly simple gadget (my laboratory is in the stable where
Dr. Maddox'
a
I

earn my bread as a groom).

"Christmas puzzle" had to appear later as an "Easter puzzle", then as

a

"Whitsun puzzle" and now as

"Corpus Christi puzzle".

The same "puzzle" appears this month in the Italian magazine PfUgldoAAe under the

306

Marinov

title Come i bamblnA. dl

anni meXtono U. cUto

mZ

calo delta fieLoLtivlta. Indeed,

as everybody can persuade himself reading my above mentioned address in New S(Ue.yvtUt,

the fallacy of the idiotic theory of relativity, which for half a century hampers the

sound evolution of physics, can be revealed in

minute comparing the effects of induc-

tion in a double circular and in a rectangular current loops. With the help of this

not at all puzzling experiment

have recently measured the Earth's absolute velocity

with a childishly simple set-up. The report on thb quasi-Kennard experiment is in the

drawer of Dr. Maddox.

As in the Western world any original and revolutionary scientific idea and experi-

ment are cruelly suppressed (my series of documents TWT gives a striking proof of this

assertion),

addressed Acad. Marchuk, the President of the Academy of Sciences of

USSR, and my friend, Acad. Sakharov, with the invitation to visit personally our com-

munity and to examine TESTATIKA, or to send men in whom they have confidence for the
inspection. Then, if they will persuade themselves that the machine is a peApeXuum

mobile

to introduce on the first channel of the Moscow TV the 40-minutes film which

we recently produced. This film is presentation not only of TESTATIKA. It is also our

address to the world

regarding theettiical future of mankind.

We consider TESTATIKA as a gift of our Lord. We wish that this gift remains only for the benefit of mankintJ. We do not intend to patent the machine or to commercialize
it in one or another way. jwater, rocks,
In our opinion free energy is not some exceptional

gift. Air,

qrass, woods, animals, light are no less wonderful things than energy

produced from nothing.

Our machine surely will smash the power of these social groups who have monopolized
the energetic sources on this planet, the incubus of the nuclear power stations will

disappear, the cars and the planes will no more pollute the atmosphere.
But will man begin to enjoy piecefully and humbly the gifts of our Lord and will he

renounce to his eternal striving for power?

God once more stretches His mercieful hand to man. Will man finally understand that
he was never expelled from the paradise?

Stefan Marinov
Morel lenfeldgasse 16 A-8010 Graz, Austria

307

EINLADUNG FOR DIE PRESSEKONFERENZ

DAS PERPETUUM MOBILE "TESTATIKA"

UND DIE WEGE SEINER PRASENTATION DER WELTOFFENTLICHKEIT

Am 7 Juni 1989 urn 10 in dem LANDRAUSKELLER (Schmiedgasse) wird Stefan MARINOV der bsterreichischen Presse eine Information von dem ersten laufenden Perpetuum mobile, die Maschine TESTATIKA, vorlegen.
FLir
1.

eine vorlaufige Information sind beigelegt:

Nr.

Der Dialog-Beitrag von Stefan Marinov in der deutschen Zeitschrift RAUM UND ZEIT, 39 (April /Mai 1989). Der Umschlag von Marinovs Buch THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH, Part V.

2. 3.

Das Vorwort und Nachwort dieses Buches. (Weitere Information findet man in dem Buch, das an der Pressekonferenz vorhanden wird.)

4.

Die Bilder der kleineren und mittleren Maschinen TESTATIKA.

Marinovs Untersuchungen in dem Gebiet der Verletzungen der Erhaltungsgesetze fuhrten seinen Weg zu der Gemeinde METHERNITHA in dem Dorf Linden, 30 km sUdlich von Bern. In dem letzten Jahr besuchte Marinov mehrmals die Gemeinde und ist inzwischen auch ihr Mitglied geworden.

Marinov war entsetzt zu sehen, daB eine Maschine, die alle energetischenund einen guten Teil der bkologischen Probleme der Menschheit lost, 10 Jahre nach ihrer Entdeckung nur sehr engen Kreisen der Menschheit bekannt ist. Die Maschine wurde nur von einigen Hunderten von Leuten gesehen und ist nur in Randzeitschriften diskutiert.
Der erste Vorschlag von Marinov an dem Gemeinderat war, seinen "guten" Freund, Maddox, der Herausgeber von NATURE, nach Linden zu bringen. Das wurde in Dezember wahrend Marinovs fOnften Besuch in der NATURE-Redaktion besprochen (diesmal wurde nov von Maddox eingeladen und Dr. Maddox bezahlte ihm die Reise - s. TWT-IV). Bis ist aber Dr. Maddox nach Linden nicht gekommen (s. TWT-V).
Dr.

1988 Mariheute

Dann wendete sich Marinov an das Nobelkomitee (eine Kopie des Einladungsbriefes ist beigelegt). Das Nobelkomitee hat an diese Einladung uberhaupt nicht reagiert (eine Kopie der Antwort des Komi tees ist beigelegt).
Als in der Gemeinde Methernitha ein 40-Minuten Film uber die Maschine gedreht wurde (die Gemeinde ist im Besitz eines erstklassigen Ton und Filmstudios) , machte Marinov dem Gemeinderat den Vorschlag diesen Film mit einer Ansprache des Akad. Sacharow oder des Prasidenten der sowietischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Uber das erste Program des moskauer FS auszustrahlen und so den Beginn einer neuen Ara in der menschlichen Geschichte zu verkiindigen.

Marinov arbeitet jetzt um den Besuch sowietischer Akademiker und diese Filmausstrahlung zu organisieren (beigelegt sind die Briefe Marinovs an Sacharow, an dem Prasidenten der Akademie und an dem sowietischen Botschafter in Wien).
Mit der Einberufung der Pressekonferenz am dieser Austrahlung des Filmes beschleunigen.
7

Juni mbchte Marinov die Verwirklichung

Marinov wendet sich an die bsterreichische Presse mit der Bitte ausflihrlich (wenn mbglich auf den ersten Seiten) uber die Maschine TESTATIKA Berichte zu geben, liber das hochnasige Benehmen von NATURE und von dem Nobelkomitee zu den Einladungen und Uber die Hoffnungen, daB die sowietische Akademie der Wissenschaften und das moskauer Fernsehen in der heutigen Epoche der GLASNOST der Menschheit die Mbglichkeit geben werden von der Maschine TESTATIKA zu hbren und sie im Laufe und bei der Erzeugung von "freien Energie" zu sehen, Ein Teil des Filmes ist auch der heutigen geistigen Krise unserer Welt gewidmet, denn um eine gesunde Erde unseren Kindern zu Uberlassen, reicht nicht nur die technische Lbsung der heutigen energetischen Krise. Nbtig ist auch eine radikale Lbsung der heutigen geistigen Krise. Institut fUr fundamental e Physik Morel lenfeldgasse 16; A-SoiO Graz

"

SlIlv\N
A.8010

MARTNOV
- AUSTRIA ^^'^"^

MoreilcMfcld-assc 16

GRA2

^^^^ '^'^' ^^^'^^ ^"^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^ Institut Henri Poincare

'

8 June 1989

ViITJo ^^ Cedex 05 n^'^'n. F-75231 Pans

Dear Prof. Vigier,

Thank you very much for your letter of the 1 June 1989, although the rejection of my papers V791a and V792a was, of course, not pleasant for me.

wonder why your referee has examined my papers half a year when he has written I referee's opinions which can be elaborated in no more than 15 minutes. I give apart my motivated objections to the referee's comments on my paper V791a. This paper is based only on LOGICAL suppositions. Any well posed problem can have only ONE answer but not two contradicting answers. Such is the problem about the electric intensity induced in a wire when a magnet moves with a velocity v. Is the induced electric intensity equal to vxrotA, as conventional physics asserts, or equal to (v,grad)A? If your referee (or you yourself) will not give an answer, I cannot accept the rejection of the paper.
I am expecting your decision on my papers V726a and V727a. As you may notice comparing the numbers of the examined and unexamined papers, you will realize that these two last papers have been submitted LONG TIME before the examined papers.

You write that papers rejected by one editor of PLA cannot be handled by another referee. Obviously, Prof. Agranovich does not know this, as HE suggested to me to submit tDyou papers which he after a year returned to me without enclosing referee's comments. It will be good if you will inform Prof. Agranovich to not give a second time such advices to his contrubutors. Sincerely yours,

Stefan Marinov

OBJECTIONS OF STEFAN MARINOV TO THE REFEREE'S COMMENTS ON MARINOVS PAPER

"THE ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE NEWTON-LORENTZ EQUATIONS"
-

V791a

The referee writes:

This manuscript introduces a situation in which vector potential depends on time via the changing positions of the sources producing the vector potential. The author claims that conventional physics does not recognize the formula describing this situation directly, and must instead resort to a relativity argument starting in a different coordinate frame. I don't agree that this is so.
I

repeat.

If a wire is moving with respect to a magnet which generates the poten-

tial A at a certain distance from it where the wire is placed, then the electric in-

tensity which

.vets

on the charges in the wire is Ej

=

vxrotA.

(1)

If, however, the wire is at rest but the magnet moves with the opposite velocity
-

V, the time varying magnetic potential produces the following electric intensity

which will act on the charges in the wire

.

3A Dt
;)r/at

(M9x,M2Z,M9l)=
^3x ^t
3y Dt
az 9t^

(v.grad)A,
^

(2)

'

where v

is

the velocity OPPOSITE to the velocity of the magnet.

=

According to the principle of relativity it must be E, relativity these two cases are ABSOLUTELY IDENTICAL!

Ep* as for the theory of

309 -

Marinov

However, as formulas (1) and (2), which follow with the most simple and evident

mathematical RIGOROSITY from the Lorentz equation, show, it must be E,

I

;*

2-

beg the referee to take the pencil and to write on a white sheet of paper, which the electric intensity acting in the second case:

must be, according to him,

^2 =
as
I

"

(v.grad)A,

assert, or
E2 = vxrotA,

as the theory of relativity asserts.

Then the referee has to give his MATHEMATICAL predictions for the electric tensions
induced in the wire in fig.
motion.
If the referee or the Editor will
1

of my paper for the indicated two different cases of

not do this,

think my paper CANNOT be rejected.

It is time for the referees of PHYSICS LETTERS to begin to

write formulas, i.e.,

to begin

to discuss PHYSICAL EFFECTS and to stop to pour only words in their comments.

The referee concludes his comments with the words:

Conventional physics accepts time variation of the vector potential as a cause for an electric field, regardless of what it is that in turn causes the time variation. If there exists some commonly used text that seems to say otherwise, Marinov should point it out.
Conventional physics assumes that the electromagnetic effects depend on the intensities and considers the potentials as "physically non-observable quantities". Accor-

ding to conventional physics the only experiment where a magnetic potential

"can be

observed" is the so-called Aharanov-Bohm effect in quantum physics. How then conventional

physics which does not consider the potentials as PHYSICAL QUANTITIES and can
of the so-called gauge transformation, can make

change them at will in the frame

calculations with the "time varying magnetic potential due to the motion of the magnet". Conventional
in the
is

physics is unable to calculate even the electric tension induced

secondary coil of a cylindrical enough long transformer. The secondary coil

in a space domain

where the magnetic intensity is identically equal to zero. Con-

sequently by changing the current in the primary coil NOTHING has to appear in the

secondary coil. The experiment, however, shows that there is induced tension in the

second^%il, thus that the magnetic potential CAN BE OBSERVED. If one will not realize
as soon as possible that conventional

physics is an IDIOTIC theory, never humanity

will understand why my machines described in the sequence THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH

work as they work violating the laws of conservation of angular momentum and energy.
The only author (besides O'Rahilly whose mathematics is atrocious) who has tried
to understand what

electromagnetism may be and which is the physical essence of the

magnetic potential was Cullwick. He considers the "motional" and "transformer" actions of the magnetic potential in section 4 of chapter 5 of his book THE FUNDAMENTALS
OF ELECTROMAGNETISM (Cambridge University Press). As Cullwick has seen that unplea-

- 310 -

Marinov

sant problems appear when he digs and delves the "field of the magnetic potential"

which can be not resolved from

relativistic point of view, in the third (1966) edi-

tion of his bookCullwick simply suppresses fig. 132 from the previous editions and

jumps form fig 131 to fig. 133 without taking the care to change the numeration
and to "hide the traces of his crime". The traditional way which conventional physics follows when considering the motional

effects is the following (see, for example,

Physics
,

R.

Stevenson and

R.

B. Moore,

Theory of

Sounders Co., Philadelphia, 1967, or Landau and Lifshitz, The Theory of Fields )^
is a

There

magnet at rest generating the magnetic intensity B. No electric inten-

sity will act on the charges of a wire at rest. When the wire will move with a velocity
V along the x-axis,

the electric intensity which will act on its electrical charges

can be found by the help of the Lorentz transformation formulas for the electromagnetic intensities
p.
.

Ey - (v/c)Bz
.

E^
^
"

H-

(v/c)By

X -

X'

y -(1

v2/c2)l/2'

(i -

,'^/ch^ir

Assuming E

and disregarding the effects of second order in v/c, we obtain

^x = 0'

^y-

^z/^'

^z =

V^*
In this case the

THIS IS TRUE. But when the magnet and NOT the wire will move, we cannot use the

above transformation formulas, as they lead to a WRONG result.

electric intensity acting on the charges of the wire will be

E" = (v.grad)A,
if V is the velocity of the MAGNET. Thus in this case we cannot even work with the

intensities, as the PRIMARY OBSERVABLE QUANTITIES ARE THE POTENTIALS and the intensities are SECONDARY MATHEMATICAL PRODUCTS of the potentials obtained by the help of

space and time differentiations and thus many aspects of the physical problems

become

DELETED

(a

patent example is the above considered cylindrical transformer).

If the referee (and the editor of PHYSICS LETTERS) wish to understand WHAT electro-

magnetism is, he (they) must read my book CLASSICAL PHYSICS and realize that there are
TWO KINDS of invariances: the Lorentz invariance and the Marinov invariance. One uses
the first invariance when the observed particle changes its character of motion with

respect to absolute space (i.e., with respect to distant matter), while one uses the
second invariance when the observer changes his character of motion with respect to

absolute space. The Lorentz transformation is to be applied only in the first case,
as
I

did above for the case when the observed electrons in the wire change their

character of motion with respect to distant matter, meanwhile the magnet always remains at rest. In this first case the potentials generated by the system remain the same in absolute space (represented by the rest frame of reference). If the magnet is first
at rest and then moving, the potentials generated by the system (the magnet) do not remain the same in absolute space and we cannot apply the Lorentz transformation.

312 -

89-06-12
4
4

17:04

11964a ans su 11964a ans su

v.\,-/..nr.

"iAoA

"s^w/ep

n\rj=iCO^

^-7A, u^=,r

TOoreV.Venf eV^dqasse Ab a-SOAO qraT.

dear
i

n\r

presidenX.,

\.o

addressed v^^ ^express V.e\.^er o^f ^Lhe A^th wvav^ wi^Lh \.he propo^aV. present, on \.he tooscom \.v a 'VO-n\inu\.es ^i\.m dedicated \.o the ^irs\ ^unctionirvq perpetuus roobiVe on our pVanet, the \ftachine te^tatika.
'

the so^viet ewbassv in Vienna v*rote me a V.etter Without date> that the soviet side is interested in the matter and that the envbass^ i^ a*aitinq ^or the decision o^ the acadenv^ **hich uiV.V. be iTOn\ediateV.v resent to nve

wishes to knou the counciV. o^r our communitv as soon as possib\.e Vpre^etabtv before the end o^ this yee\c^ the decision o? the soviet acadet^\v as i^ the soviet acadensv MiV.t be no\ intere^-ted in the presentation o^ this nvachine to the uorV,d, Me shaV. search ^or other ^av^ to n\aVce such a soVemn presentation.
i

aether nitha

in TOv V-etter o? the 3Ast nvav ^^ ^^^ scientific attache o? the soviet ewbassv in Vienna, nvr as^^renkov i proposed as a ^irst step that empV.ove'-iS o^ the soviet eu^ba^sv in bern V'^ihich is 3C3 knv far fronv our to see the machine ar.d coTuntuni^v'i visit convmc- thewseV^ves that t is a perpetuuxw rrobite. then repre^^i:^^tati vfis o^ the acadev^V ^^^^ aV.so covwe to :xaTT.ine the machine;, ar\d if the scaler V viV^V, ^^ive ^-he consent, our A )-ift\nutes fitn^ wiVv an intxodurtcrv speech of -^k^m &nd/or acad. saVthar^v can be preserve i on
.

wethetnitha

the
if
wiorr

Tt\os

av

tv

C'

^:i\Ad
iC

^f
re'
-.r.

tike, i ^-ar. tive contact

.

<:

-jri;

to nvoscov

a'

;.-

v^

tin*e

for e^

^r- j\

\ir\f5

sin'

yours
nfjv
%>

ste^ 411

it
'f

^a

STEFAN MARINOV Morcllcnfclogasse 16 A-8010 GRAZ - AUSTRIA

12 June 198y

- 313

To TELEFAX: 0044/1/836 9934

Mr. Andy Sutherland Mrs. Hilary Turnbull

Advertisement Department NATURE 4 Little Essex Street, London WC2R 3LF

Dear Mr. Sutherland and Mrs. Turnbull,

On the 6 June I sent you my 2-pages advertisement THE PERPETUUM MOBILE IS DISCOVERED and a copy of the document for the payment of the charge.

beg you to send me your answer to the TELEFAX: Austria 0316 827560 whether the advertisement is accepted for publication and on which date it will eventually appear.
I

In the case of acceptance I should like to see the proofs of the advertisement in the form in which it will appear. Send these proofs to the same telefax number and, please, be so kind to inform me in your answer on which date you intend to send the proofs, as I have no phone and I must go personally from the stable, where I clean the horses, to the fax-office to see whether there is a post for me. This costs me, obviously, too much time and efforts.

On the 7 June I made a press-conference in Graz announcing th^ eventual presentation of the machine TESTATIKA in the Moscow TV on whose organization I am now working. Here is the information published in the biggest Graz journal

Ki^EINE

ZEITHW
Donnerstag
8.

I beg on the time.

Juni 1989

Nr.130
Oinar lOOQO.-

S7.inn ISOO^

AuflagengrdBte Bundesianderzeitung
P.b.b.

Perpetuum mobile schon erfunden?

Dcr bulgarischc Dissident und
Physiker Stefan Marinov, der behauptct, die Rclativitatstheorie
.

Unabh&ngig
Erscheinungsort Grai. Verlagspostamt 8020 Qraz T*k>n 316/80 63^

Einsteins,

den dritten Newton* schen Satz und den Energieerhaltungssatz experimentell widerlegt

zu haben, glaubt. das Perpctuum mobile gcsehcn zu haben. Erfunden hat cs nach seinen Angaben Paul Baumann. der als Oberhaupt der christlichen Sekte Methemlta im schwei^erischen Linden (30 km sOdlich von Bern) kbt. Marinov, der mittlerweile Mitglied dieser
ist,

Gemcindc gcwordcn
Wclloffenllichkeit

will

die

davon uberzeugcn, daB dieses Perpetuum mobile tatsSchlich existiert. Er versucht das erste Moskauer Femschproftamm da.

fur zu gewinhen, einen 40minQti-

gen Film Qber das Perpetuum mobile mit eincr vorgeschobenen Ansprache von Andrej Sacharov uszustrahlen.

314

THE PHYSICAL REVIEW

---

AND

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES
-

BOX
FAX

1000

RIDGE,

NY

11961

Telephone (516) 924-5533

Telex 971599
(516) 924-5294

Cable Address

PHYSREV RIDGENY
d
or
I

BITNET address

pr (a. b. c,

(n

APSEDOFF

13 June
Dx.

1989

Stefan Narinov

Mor ell enf el dga sse 16 A-8010 Graz, AUSTRIA

Re: The el ectx oma gne t i c effects are determined by the potentials and not. By: Stefan Maxinov

SE4111L

Dear Dr.

Mar i nov

We regret to i nf orn you that your nannscript is not considered We are suitable for publication in Physical Review Letters. therefore returning your manuscript.
Yours sincerely

'OMTt^'^
Geor ge'^B asbas Editor Physical Review Letters

Editorial note

This letter is answered by Marinov's letter of the 25 June 1989 to Prof. D. Lazarus.

^Z^

315

STEFAN r^A.mNov
Morci: nrcIcJ-issc 16

To TELEFAX: 0044 18369934

Mr. Andy Sutherland ^^^' Hila'^y lurnbull

A-8010

GRAZ AUSTRIA
Advertisement Department NATURE 4 Little Essex Street London WC2R 3LF

17 uune i^o:* limp iQftQ

Dear Mr. Sutherland and Mrs. Turnbull,

To all my faxes which I send you since a week EVERY DAY, I do not receive an answer. am wondering WHY. I have published in NATURE 4 big advertisements. During my visit in June 1988 I visited personally Mr. George Loweto make a "visual" contact which would help our future contacts. I spoke also with Mrs. Elizabeth Hughes. You know that since many years I am fighting to bring some scientific discoveries to the attention of mankind. In those years I visited five times your editorial office, I had long conversations with Dr. Maddox and in the last years I speak almost EVERY DAY with him (at least 1000 phone calls altogether!). I know that it is a difficult task to show that almost all fundamental principles in physics are WRONG. But now I have a functioning PERPETUUM MOBILE in my hands, not to speak about my machines which violate the law of angular momentum conservation or the experiments for measuring the Earth's absolute velocity. With a functioning PERPETUAL MOTION machine the resistance of official physics will be
I

broken.

Now I am organizing a visit of Soviet academicians for an inspection of our machine TESTATIKA and then, if our proposal will be accepted, we should like to present our 40-minutes film on the first channel of the Moscow TV. For the organization of this visit I need the publication of the advertisement THE PERPETUUM MOBILE IS DISCOVERED which I submitted to you on the 6 June. I beg you to send me a telefax today before 17.30 to my fax number: Austria 0316 827560 whether this advertisement will be published and WHEN or whether it will be rejected and WHY.

must know your answer TODAY, as in the case of a negative answer I must undertake I other paths for realizing my plan for the presentation of the first PERPETUUM MOBILE to the world's attention.

Transmit my cordial greetings to Dr. Maddox.

Sincerely yours,

7
22 June 1989

^'V

Stefan Marinov

To my letter of the 6 June and to all following telefaxes I have still not received an answer and I do not know whether my advertisement THE PERPETUUM MOBILE IS DISCOVERED is accepted for publication (and when it will appear) or not. I phoned to Mr. George Lowe whom I know personally and he promised to me to speed the elaboration of the decision. Nevertheless there was no answer. I phoned to Dr. Maddox who told me that he still has not seen the advertisement but my 15-years contacts with Dr. Maddox learned me that when he says "black" he means "white" and when he says "no" he means "yes" (and vice versa). Then I phoned to you, Mr. Sutherland, but you refused to speak diractly with me and said through the intermediation of the operator (in this way I had to pay twice as much as your words were said once to the operator and then another time by the operator to me) that you must elaborate the decision together with Dr. Maddox. beg you to elaborate the decision and to communicate it to my telefax: Austria, I 0316/827560 today before 16.30 London time. If Dr. Maddox wishes to see the perpetuum mobile TtSTATIKA, he is welcome to visit our community METHERNITHA at any time convenient for him. But if he will block my paid advertisement and try in this way to stop the spreading of the information on the first perpetuum mobile on this planet, he will put on his

shoulders

very heavy burden.

Sincerely yours:

Stefan Marinov

316 Dr. Neil Ashby

Mo,

;..

A-8010

GKA^ - AUSiRIA

22 June 1989

^^"12 Department of Physics CO 80309 - 0390 Boulder

Dear Dr. Ashby,

To my letters of the 31 March 1989 and 29 May 1989, a copy of which is enclosed did not receive an answer from Dr. Newman.

But yesterday arrived your letter to me (without date) that my paper The Principle of Relativity and Equivalence, and the Laws of Conservation of Momentum, Angular Momentum and Energy are not Valid
is accepted as poster in the

Workshop A3.

informed Dr. Newman that I come to present to the Conference the first PERPETUUM I MOBILE on this planet and V should like to bring with me a film on this machine. On the other hand, taking into account my TWO expulsions from the 6R-11 and the aether conference in the Imperial College last year, 1 wished to have some written assurances that this shameful action will be not repeated on GR-12. I do not receive such assurances.
see that the organizers of GR-12 do not realize the importance of the informaI tion which I bring with me. On the other side I shall deliver a very hard attack against the theory of relativity backed by all my experiments which have disproved its validity. This can De done only in a speech.

know that there are too many contributions and that not all contributors can I obtain time for speeches, but the organizers have to make a choice between the IMPORTANCE of the submitted papers.
Ihus
1.
I

beg ^ou (or Dr. Newman) to state writtenly:

I

That

shall

be not expelled from the conference.

I

That, after taking into account the importance of the matter which like to communicate a decision is taken:
2.

should

a)
b)

to give me time for speech (how many minutes), or

to give me only poster presentation.

3. Whether the organizers will give me a possibility for the presentation of the 40-minutes film on the first PERPETUUM MOBILE on this planet, the machine TtSTATIKA.
1 beg you VERY MUCH to send me your answer to my telefax: Austria 0316/827560 (phone for speaking with the fax-operator: 0316/830063).

can take a definite decision to visit GR-12 only after receiving your fax. As I there is no much time to the beginning of the Conference, please, be so kind to send me the fax at the day of receiving this letter.

Please, mention in the fax whether the abstract of my contribution has been published.

Sincerely yours,

Stefan Marinov

Editorial note

The answer to this letter is given with the fax of Dr. N. Ashby of the 29 June.

317

Mr-c!!cnf-!d!iassc 16

A-8010

GUAZ - AUSTRIA

25 June 1989

David Lazarus Editor-in-Chief of PHYS. REV. LETT. Dept. of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green St. Urbana IL 61801
Prof.

Dear Prof. Lazarus,

occasion

to thank you for your letter of the 27 April 1989, although your reuse the jection to revise the rejections of all my papers submitted in the last years to PHYSICAL REVIEW and PHYS. REV. LETT was, of course, not pleasant for me.
I

Your opinion was that the treatment of my papers in PHYS. REV. was fair.
have no other choice in my endeavour to revise contemporary physics, which I find I in many aspects wrong, than to continue to submit papers to these physical journals

of the world which still maintain gentleman relations with me and examine my papers.
Thus with a letter of the 19 May 1989
I

submitted to PHYS. REV. LETT my paper

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS ARE DETERMINED BY THE POTENTIALS AND NOT BY THE INTENSITIES. The paper was rejected by Dr. Basbas with his letter of the 13 June 1989 without presenting motivations and without enclosing negative referee's comments.

think that such a procedure is unfair. If you agree with me, please, be so kind I to send the paper again to Dr. Basbas and to ask him to examine the paper and in the case of suggestion for rejection to send to me the referee's comments.

submit papers to PHYS. REV. since about 20 years without having published even a I single paper. This costs me too much time, efforts and money. Surely the contatcs with me cost also time, efforts and money to PHYS. REV. Thus I beg you, if PHYS. REV. does not wish to receive papers from me, to write me this clearly, so that both sides can dedicate their activity to other contacts. As an example such a letter of I send you the letter of G. Thomas (EUROPH. LETT.) of the 16 May 1989 (you could see many similar letters in TWT).
PHYS. REV. did not wish to buy my books THE THORNY WAY OF TRUTH (TWT). The postage for sending back the books (via air mail) was 40 dollars (photocopy of the envelope is enclosed). Meanwhile the price of the books was 100 dollars. Thus I have the feeling that PHYS. REV. simply does not wish to have these books in its library, as they can influence some of its collaborators.

See enclosed all mentioned above letters and the covers of TWT-V and TWT-VI which you have not seen. If you wish to receive them, send me 50 $ {+ 10 % for air mail).

Hoping to receive soon your answer which will lead to more fair examination papers or will break the contacts between PHYS. REV. and me.

of my

Sincerely yours.
HE PHYSICAL REVIEW
AND
HESfARCH ROAD NCW YonK
BOX
1000
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Stefan Marinov

ySICAL REVIEW LETTERS

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GRAZ

AUSTRIA

Prof. V. M. Agranovich PHYSICS LETTERS A Institute of Spectroscopy

'm^scow' 142093

25 J""e 1989

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27 June 1989

Elizabeth Hughes NATURE 4 Little Essex Street London WC2R 3LF

Also to the attention of: ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ 2) Mr. Andy Sutherland

Mw Fax 4o. Austria nQic/D97ccn My r, is: fl..e+v.-!a 0316/827560

Dear Mrs. Hughes,

On the 6 June
I

sent my two-pages advertisement THE PERPETUUM MOBILE IS DISCOVERED to

Mr. A. Sutherland attaching a document for the payment of t 950 for the charge and begging Mr. Sutherland to fax me the proofs.

As no answer came, I sent five additional faxes on the 12, 14, 15, 17 and 22 June, asking for a fax answer whether the advertisement is accepted for publication or not. As there was no answer, I phoned to Mr. Lowe, whom I know personally. He promised that the answer will be soon elaborated. As again no answer came, I phoned to Mr. Sutherland who told me through the operator, that before taking a decision he must speak with Dr. Maddox. During our routine phone conversations with Dr. Maddox in these days (since 5 years I speak with him, as a rule, 2-3 time in a week), he always told me that he has not seen the advertisement, but as Dr. Maddox' "no" is the English "yes", I make the conclusion that he has seen it. Why then Mr. Sutherland does not send me the elaborated decision? I beg you that you send me the decision tomorrow before noon. If NATURE will treat its advertisersin such an idiotic way, soon no one will advertise on its pages.

During my visit in London in June 1988 you remember very well that Dr. Maddox promised to you to publish my paper "The experimental violations..." on the 18 August 1988. Then with a letter he postponed the date for the 13 October 1989. But the paper is until the

present day not published. Please, fax the date when the paper will appear.
During my visit in December 1988 (Dr. Maddox invited me and paid me the trip) Dr. Maddox promised to publish a certain "Christmas puzzle" on the 22 December. This puzzle had then to appear as "Easter puzzle", then as "Whitsun puzzle" and so on. Please, fax on which saint day will this puzzle appear.
In my phone

conversation yeasterday Dr. Maddox assured me that

letter has been sent

to me a couple of days ago where he:

1)

Gives his motivations for the postponement of the paper "Experimental violations.."

motivation for the rejection of the paper "Propulsive and rotating Ampere bridges violate the principle of relativity", attaching to it the photograph and the description of the repetition of my experiment where no rotation has been observed, contrary to my report on the observed rotation. Also the letter of Prof. Graneau whom I have suggested as a referee had to be attached.
2) Gives his 3) Confirms

writtenly when the "Christmas puzzlef'will appear.

4) Confirms writtenly when my correspondence with Tiomno will be published.

5)

Attaches

letter asking for permission to visit the perpetuum mobile TESTATIKA.

As this letter has not come, I conclude that Dr. Maddox has deceived me once more. Please, fax whether Dr. Maddox has sent such a letter.

beg you to take into attention that there is a functioning perpetuum mobile in my I hands. And I am the only man who can forward this machine to humanity. I have not the physical possibility to be in contact with more journals. As any journal will proceed exactly in the way as NATURE, I concentrated all my efforts on NATURE. Please, explain to Dr. Maddox that in this way he undermines the moral and scientific reputation of NATURE. The text of your fax of tomorrow will show whether you are really concerned about the reputation of your journal which it has strengthen during 100 years of existence.
In my phone conversation when Dr. Maddox said: "The letter is sent last week. The puzzle will appear next Thursday", I answered: "Dr. Maddox, I kiss you." If you only know, Mrs. Hughes, how many times I have kissed him. And always I believed in his words. Because he is a CHARMINq PERSON and I LIKE HIM. And this is NOT a hypocrisy. I like him. And if I have not broken the contacts, it is because I LIKE HIM. vours

320

GR12

University of Colorado at Boulder

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FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION
DATE TRANSMITTED: ^^ne 29, 1989 TIME TRANSMITTED:

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voice (303) 492-4980

COMMENTS:

Your letter dated 22 June 1989 arrived today.

Responsibility for selecting

papers to be given orally was delegated to the Symposium Chairpersons, and your paper
"^^TTTe

Principre'or-TrelaTIvl ty and Equ ival ence, Artd Che Lflvg Of C on e e rvatton of Mo B fentum Angular Momentum and Energy are not valid" was selected for presentation by poster
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rather than verbally. Due to the large number (in excess of 700) abstracts which were tw ^m ^ ttH mn ai- nf fha pappr p wi^^ ^p glypTY via p oster. The Local Organizing Committee cannot change these decisions. Your paper has been allocated poster space < Bona^igp ^hp n^^nhor r>f p a pers la an la r ge 'he I^pcal Or ga nizer s n t-hp A'^ Sympnuliim. will not be able to arrange an additional room and projector for your film as you
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Your abstract is published in the abstract book.

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- /vUSTRIA

29 June 1989

Dr. Neil Ashby GR-12 Department of Physics CO 80309 - 0390 Boulder

Dear Dr. Ashby,

Thank you very much for your telefax of the 29 June.

did not receive a written assurance that I shall not be expelled from GR-12 (as I this was the case with the GR-U and the aether conference in September in the Imperial College where I was ACCEPTED as a participant). Nevertheless I am sure that this time should not have to be expelled as the American have a much higher sense for freedom I and for toleration of dissent opinions than the Europeans.**

But your decision to not allow me to present the 40-minutes film on the FIRST PERPETUUM MOBILE on the planet Earth let me with an open mouth. Have you not thought a little bit with what name will you remain in history?
At this situation I decided to abstain from visiting GR-12. This trip would cost me much money and I had to spent more than a week, now, when any hour is very precious for me (I am organizing the visit of Acad. Sakharov and of the President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Linden for seeing and testing the machine TESTATIKA and then our 40-minutes film will be presented on the first channel of the Moscow TV).

For my decision for abstention an important factor was also your unwillingness to give me time as speaker where I coulddelvsra strong attack against the relativistic concepts. I am the world patriarch in space-time absoluteness and GR-12 was a very convenient place for heralding the decline of relativity, as for the GR-13 relativity will be world-wide recognized as dead.
shall be very thankful to you if you will POSTER this letter of me, so that the I particpants of GR-12 will be able to see -the reasons for which I have not visited the Conference.

Hoping to meet you at GR-13,

Sincerely yours.

Stefan Marinov

On certain streets in Bulgaria there is no house Nr. 13. After the house Nr. 12 a house Nr. 14 follows. I should give the same advice to the organizers of the GR-Conferences: jump the FATAL number 13!

Remember the decision of the American court about the freedom of burning ^ the American flag.

322

STEFAN MAI^.INOV
A-r ^ 5

To TELEFAX: 0044 18369934

~ AUSTRIA

"^'*'^''

Nlturf"
4 Little Essex Street, LONDON WC2R 3LF

July 1989

Copies to be handed to: 1) Mrs. Elizabeth Hughes 2) Mr. Andy Sutherland

Dear Dr. Maddox,

I write you after our today's phone conversation. You said that the text of my advertisement is too tendentious. As this text concerns at the most our mutual contacts which we both know very well, I give you the freedom to CORRECT the text in ANY convenient for you way. I shall accept ANY your correction, but I should like to see the proofs of the advertisement before sending it for print. In the case that you will reject the advertisement, I beg you, in your TELEFAX to present motivations for this rejection and explanation why the elaboration of the rejection has lasted a MONTH, although receiving from me during this months SIX faxes with a request for a speedy answer and several phone calls.

With this advertisement I wish to speed the visit of Sakharov and of the President of the Soviet Academy of the Sciences in Linden for an inspection of the perpetuum mobile TESTATIKA. The world must understand that THERE IS A PERPETUUM MOBILE. My letters are not read by the bureaucrats in science, my books are not read. Humanity looses days, weeks and months. For this reason I publish an advertisement having found with an ENORMOUS DIFFICULTY 1000 b to pay the charge. And you intend ONCE MORE to SPIT over all my endeavours and SACRIFICES. WHY? WHY ? WHY?

Maybe you will object that you can correct the text of the advertisement but you cannot correct the text on the cover of TWT-V (which is already on sale in all scientific bookshops of London) and there I write: "...Dr. Maddox behaves himself as an ass on a bridge." Dr. Maddox, I do not say that you are an ass, I say that you "behave yourself on an ass on a bridge". An ass on a bridge goes neither forwards nor backwards. Exactly this are you doing sinte 5 years with respect to me. I proposed you hundred times to break our relations. You do not break the relations. On the other hand during five years you give me only promises, you deceivd^in any of our phone conversations and you do not publish even a single line of me (nor of you on me, as you have promised). Decide finally as a MAN: either to go forwards (and to fulfil all your promises) or backwards (and to break our relations). I will not break our relations, as I invested in the battle with you five years and ALL MY MONEY.
If you will decide as a MAN to go forwards, then send me in a fax (no later than tomorrow 16.30 London time: (if necessary, I shall pay you the faxes !!!!!)
1)

A copy of the letter which you insist of having sent to me and which has not rea-

ched me.
2) The composed text of your "Christmas puzzle".
3) Acknowledgement for the acceptance of my advertisement or a motivated rejection.

4) Precisation of the date when the "Christmas puzzle" will

5)

be published.

Precisation of the date when our correspondence with Tiomno will be published.

6) Answer whether my big paper "Experimental violations..." will be published, and if the answer is positive, when, or motivated rejection.
7) Letter that you desire to visit the community METHERNITHA and inspect TESTATIKA or letter that you do not wish to see the machine.

Hoping to read yoirfax tomorrow.

With love:

PS.

I wished tf. bring the 40-minutes film on TESTATIKA to the GR12 Conference where I am accepted as a participant. With a fax of 29 June Dr. Neil Ashby informed me that it is not allowed to me to present the film! PITIABLE OBSCURANTS!

JOHN MADDOX
18 July 1769

-.o

STEFAN MARINOV

jct

ccAy -,f il, m,^^^ itLbhAX Of John Maddox to Ma nnov

4tj,

Dear Or Marinov, I am writing what I intend to be a sympathetic letter, but 1 also wish to make it clear that there must be clear limits to this relationship of ours.
To put the case simply, I do not see why 1 should provide you with a whole set of documents in a great hurry, and when I .Kiave other things to do, simply so that you can publish them in the next edition of your book. But, for what it is worth, we shall in due course publish scientific the exchange between you and the Brazilians correspondence when it has been edited, and I shall find a convenient occasion in which to publish the account of your conundrum in the form of a puzzle that our readers can scratch their heads about.

1 have explained that there is no possibility of my agreeing to the publication of your advertisement. Quite apart from the merits (but I mean the opposite) of its content, I do not believe it proper that advertisements with a scientific content should not be published in our regular scientific section after satisfying our referees.
I would be glad of a chance to see the alleged perpetual these things are always motion machine in Switzerland interesting but I do not consider it to be worth a special journey. I shall write to you in advance when next I am going to be in Switzerland, in the hope that it will then be convenient for the custodian ol the machine.

You will find shocking my statement that a perpetual motion machine is not worth a special journey. Let me carefully explain why. You tell me that, in some basement laboratory in Switzerland, there is a machine that generates endless energy and which also contradicts the laws of physics as we know them. But you are well aware that this is not the first claim of its kind in the past three millenia, and that all previous claims have either been disproved or abandoned by their i.ithors.
i

Faced with such a phenomenon, there is no doubt what a good scientist would do. He would test the behaviour of his machine against the known laws of physics, seeing whether there is any possibility that his phenomenon has a conventional explanation. He would also examine the behaviour of his machine in a variety of circumstances, hoping to learn something about thfr laws governing its behaviour.
You unfortunately start from the other point of. view that relativity and (in this case) even Newtonian physics are a pack of lies, say that the true laws are contained your incompreh-Tn^able papers which other physicists say make no sense end then wi^h us to tcke your ideas seriously. 1 believe it X'u a great tragedy that a mar. of your energy and enthusiasm should have been diverted this way. 1 wi:h there cere some way in which your friends (of whom, I hope, I will rtm^in one can tempt you back onto ^^ober paths.

>

Vou Ynur

mc-y

pithiit^M

thi^^

letter if you wis^l.

MAD'
.^v

'.inctrrOy^

JOHtvJ

324

SIEFA?' ?':;\RiNOV
Morcllcnfcidgassc 16

A-8010

GRAZ -- AUSTRIA

18 July 1989

Dr. John Maddox NATURE 4 Little Essex Street London WC2R 3LF

Dear Dr. Maddox,

Thank you very much for your today's telefax. It came too late but finally it came!
1. You write: "I do not see why I should provide you with a whole set of documents in great hurry." You have always asserted on the phone that you have sent to me a letter providing all these documents. And when I said you that such a letter has not reached me (as was the case SO MANY TIMES during the last five years!), you promised to send me a copy of this letter and of all attached documents by fax. It takes only 10 seconds to take the copiesof these letter and documents and to hand them to Miss Mary to fax them to me. But you obviously have NOT written such a letter and you have NOT these documents in your files. If in yournext letter you will assert that such a letter WAS written, you can retain the t 950 which I have sent to your bank account. Only for a WRITTEN declaration that such a letter WAS written you can win t 950, even without sending the letter!

2. You always asserted that your "Christmas puzzle" is composed and that you have sent the composed text to me. This, obviously is not true. If you will confirm writtenly that indeed the Christmas puzzle WAS composed, you can retain my b 950 and use them in any convenient for you way.
3. You always asserted that a man in whom you have confidence has replicated my RAFmachine and has established that the Rotating Ampere Bridge with Sliding Contacts does NOT rotate when sending enough current through it (I asserted that with about 1200 A my RABSC rotated with about 5 rev/sec). With this motivation you rejected my paper "Propulsive: and rotating Ampere bridges violate the principle of relativity". You always asserted that you have a report on the replicated experiment and a photograph of the machine, that you have sent them to me and you only will not disclose the name of the experiment's executor. If you will send me this report and the photograph of the replicated machine, you can retain my t 950.

4. You rejected the publication of my prepaid advertisement with the motivation: "I do not believe it proper that advertisements with a scientific content should not be published in our regular scientific section after satisfying our referees." In the 20 years of our mutual contacts I have submitted to NATURE some 100 papers. For about the half of these papers I received rejection letters, for the other half neither rejection letters and for one third nor acknowledgements for reception have reached me. And to ALL THESE not 100 PAPERS I have received a SINGLE referee's opinion. Peruse all six volumes of TWT. There are a plenty of your letters but not a SINGLE referee's opinion. If you will find in your files at least ONE referee's opinion on some of my submitted papers, you can retain my k 950. - I published in a couple of advertisements in NATURE and NEW SCIENTIST some VALUABLE SCIENTIFIC information, as ALL OTHER WAYS for contact with thinking creatures are closed for me by you and by your colleagues-editors from the other journals. Now you block also the way for my TREMENDOUSLY IMPORTANT INFORMATION through a paid advertisement. Poor Dr. Maddox!
5. If not coun .ing the stupidity which you have written when trying to solve 4 years ago the "puzzle" which you call now "Christmas puzzle" (see TWT-II, third ed., p. 296), the idiotic objection which you raised once in our conversation that an operator (v.grad) does not exist, and the objection that I have not given the precise number of the holes in my "coupled shutters" experiment (see TWT-II, p. 267), the UNIQUE scientific REASONING which you dedicated to my theory and experiments was the following (NATURE, 316, 209, 1985) Marinov claims that his results, most recently obtained with home-made equipment at Graz, demonstrate that the velocity of light is not the same in all directions. He even claims to have been able to detect the velocity and direction of the Earth's movement through absolute space and time. None of this proves that there is anything wrong with special relativity. Any physicist will tell you that the last your CONCLUSION is an idiotism. If you will find a living physicist who will confirm that this conclusion is not an idiotism, you can retain my b 950.

6. You write: "(According to you) relativity and even Newtonian physics are a pack of lies, say that the true laws are contained in your incomprehensible papers which other physicists say nwke no sense." I have published 13 books where I clearly show what is

JiJ

wrong with relativity and what is wrong in Newtonian physics (violation of Newton's third law in magnetism which in Newton's time did not exist as mathematical science) having never said that Newtonian physics is a "pack of lies" (although recent pure mechanic experiments have also shown violations of Newton's third law - see TWT-VI which is dedicated quite the whole to those problems). But there is not a SINGLE paper in the world in which I have been accused by some physicist that my papers are incomprehensible and that they do not make sense. If you can cite such a paper, you can retain my t 950. Otherwise you must recognize that this your accusation is a CALOMNY. - You may intend that anonymous referees have attacked my theories and experiments. Noble men do not take into account the coward opinions of anonymous scoundrels!
7. With regard to the machine TESTATIKA you continue your "ass-on-a-bridge" tactic. Look, Dr. Maddox, let us move finally the ass from the bridge. Either you will come SPECIALLY to Linden, or we shall cross your trip from the program at all. We are not beggars awaiting for your benevolence. You have to come to Linden paying your trip alone (in Switzerland you will be our guest). Then you have to publish a photograph of you when inspecting the machine and a declaration that: a) according to you the machine is NOT a perpetuum mobile, b) according to you the machine IS a perpetuum mobile. c) you can not decide whether the machine is or is not a perpetuum mobile. In the first case you will receive from me t 10,000. Those are our conditions. Either you accept them or not. And if you are really interested in the machine, you have first to order TWT-V. I shall no more grant you my books. And, please, be so kind and put aside your STUPID advices what has to do a "good" physicist with TESTATIKA. There is a WONDER in Linden. Please, stop to play the fool that you do not understand what a perpetuum mobile is. One gives a coufble of pushes to the machine AND IT RUNS. And^wish with an ADVERTISEMENT TO SAY THIS TO THE WORLD! Going against the financial interests of your journal you show that you are a BAD physicist, a very very bad physicist. moreover

8. If you will not reconsider yourdecision for the rejection of my advertisement and if you will be unable to retain my money by fulfilling the requirement of at least one of items 1-6, please, be so kind to send back my k 950 to my bank account: CREDITANSTALT, Graz, Konto 0082-17077/00, Stefan Marinov. And, please, send back all records sent by me.
9. You express the desire to remain my friend. I appreciate VERY MUCH this your noble gesture. I should alsa"^ remain your friend, as I ever was. But friends do not lie each other. I hope that from now you will finish with your lies. Thus be so kind and write me a letter IN A TIME CONVENIENT FOR YOU stating:

a) when will my correspondence with Tiomno appear,

b) when will your "Christmas puzzle" appear,
c) will you publish my already composed paper "Experimental violations..." and when, or you will reject it and will you send me SCIENTIFIC referee's objections,

d) as you cannot present a report for the repetition of the RAF-machine with a negative result, will you (and when) publish my paper "Propulsive and rotating..." as you promised me during my visit last Decemeber.

With a friendly embrace.

Stefan Marinov
Editorial note
.

This is Marinov 's answer to the fax of Dr. Maddox of the 18 July 1989..

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naK ro nawa na npHTHwa h toh pea aa MaKa.

jxa

Bee ncxjicAHH. Koraro TpaSBame ahbothh h mypoTHH

ce

BTjpuiaT,

ToraBa nbpBH Ssdcmc.

A Koraro rniTOMnaro na Bparara My aonqe, Tamo me

no IIHTOMHOTO
jia jiajiT.

h sanocTH sapaBaTa h

me nycHe KyMeTara

CnoMUHM CM

onaa nycTa rejierpaMa aero h 6h HnKHryuiKa cnefl flBancTHH KOHrpec:

ZlaparoH TaBapnuw MnpBHcuKaB, no-pana HHiie Kara npbmnnexMHe, Bbine ce nacHpaxrwe.

Cnra
B

MHii

cne acpaxMHe, a
BTopH
irbT

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nphmroieTHe hh CMenrHe.
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Bene ce ocnpaT ot hko no-HKO, a y nac nax hhiuo

.

hh 3ByK, hh

MHPH3. Titxo H 3JioBemo KatcFo Ha caMoaHBCKa nojiHHa no nbUHonyHHe

ci>c

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carbpa mc 6anHe hjikoh paaropeiuen OroHbOK, a to h Ha nPABJl^-Ta Ka3BaT ce saMaxBan.

lk))Ke,

BO)Ke,

AO KaKBO AOKHBJLXMe!
me ce o6aflH or saAynawcKaTa ry6epHHJi: 'To3h
iibT

Hhkoii iio-omuiaT, no xirrpo-yMcn

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Haufti

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ccBcpnM

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ne BAHrawc."
lie

TcjicnM MpeHGi ne B;inrajTH.

BAHrax, nonewe rpaHHuara h HHNia. H

n,a

n HMauie, Kaicro

H MNia y iiKon naimi ccBcpuH cijCCAh!

H Bce 3a

thji

rejieHH

mpokh ce 3aKaHaMe. A aKO ch MoseK

y/iapjflu.

aKbJiriHJi,

ot SoAJiHBa Ten

ran JIM KCAcinip Moweiu Aa

iiapMe. pbMVUiBii 6oAJiHBa

hnKTC rn MatwapHTe ao KbAe ce H3XHTpHxa. C)TpH3axa

tcji,

AanaT h Ha mhmo CaM h BHKaT: "AMaH-3aMaH, nnaman. 3a TOBa

napMc xHJiHAa MinHona."

^hvAo HH

CaM

ryi>pKa

b ;DKo6a, BaAH cto.

"Her Ty aom, BHKaT. KeKeMCT, KeKMeMeT, MariKo

e.

XjuiJiAa

MMJniona HCKaMC. lUiaMe iiycTaTa hh nycTa cbBceM me onycTee."

'3a

Mmmo CaM

a3Hcph, ne 3Hae KaKBo Aa npaBH. ^cHOBejiMOKHre rpaKHariH, 3a THxnaTa

11

Ten

/iccci

MHJinapAa ncKar.

Biuiencara h toh KyKypnra ot 6peroBeTe na CajiTHHCKaTa

Mope:

"llciiMc llaucKa
u(c

hhc crHMHena, aMa Ayma 6epe. Ako AaflCTe or accct MmiMapAa nee

no mjuiko m

jarHne."

AiVlc, 6c lauK).

Cera c MOMcnra 3a eKcnepHMenTa

-

Pem\ CoAAHBa Ten h npoAaBafl. YTpe

me H naAHc ncnara
UK?

kjuiomctup 6o/viHBa

ren Aa 3aHecem na Hio-HopKcaTa 6opca, na aKO

ciic

lacbxiiaiia kpi.b
iaiiaA.

no hch, nen

iiHMa

Aa

AajiaT.

TaKa e lyKa na

KaiiHrajiHsriM.

MoMenTa rpaSBa Aa yjiyMHm, nb6jiHCHTo Aa HarbKMHiu,

MOMcnra
-

rbnaninc Aa VAapmii. H irpoAanaM. He

yjiy^iHiii jih

bchmko

CBi.pimua.

CTOKaTa 3a-

jiOKana, npamiui fKHiKiwr n ai cioihhm erajK rpsiSBa Aa CKaqaiii AOJiy na nana^Ka. C KpaKara
JIH

Mjviojiy,
yipyr.'ipM,

c rjianara jih,

rona hcmc e Aa)KC 6c3 3HaMCHHe.

jti

iiponcc Aoioiajia cc hiwmjicmc h mpcmcto mh Hsreqe. TpHSna Aa cm.piiniaM.

jui

TcrjiHM M'lHOAirrc n Aa xoahm

ainM. A hjmoahtc ca

cjicahh'ix?:

M iinyii, noiioKc iic mo)kcm cm Kbpya rauorrc h Kbi- c 3ap'<aHaio, tviHH c JiojyiM.'i: lope lll;mrio,

CNn cK- MATO,

(.iciIkim

MapniioH

327

CONTENTS:
Preface
5

KaK ce nporoHBar npHspaw h ztyxoee /ece/

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
Machines violating Newton's third law
The death of rocketry by Joel Dickinson with Robert Cook
The space-drive problem by John W. Campbell

11

35

158

Detesters, phasers and Dean drives by G. Harry Stine

182

The fantastic machine of Stefano Ricciardi 202 The intriguing ball-bearing motor
213

Effects of reflection from a moving mirror on the velocity of light by A. A. Michelson 215
Historical papers of G. Zamboni
222

Principles of electrostatic motors with free energy merit by P. T. Pappas

Cold nuclear fusion and excess energy by P.T. Pappas

240
243
246

Dialog-Beitrage und Artikel iiber TESTATIKA,verbffentlicht in RAUM & ZEIT

CORRESPONDENCE
Year 1989

264
flHec

Kek ce KOTHpa
iia

SoAnHeaTa

xeji

sanaflHaTa 6opca /ece/

326

The

sixth part of the collection of

documents THE THORNY

WAY OF TRUTH

(TWT) is dedicated quite the whole to the problem about the violation of Newton's third law by the help of inertial forces, with a special attention to the centrifugal inertial forces. In TWT-VI are reproduced: the highly interesting book of J.Dickinson on the Cook drive (in toto), historical papers on the Dean drive, and Marinov's own presentation of the Zorzi-Speri drive (Marinov is photographed above when inspecting the Zorzi-Speri drive).The kernel of these three drives is the Buhler drive which for half a period creates momentum and energy and for the other half of the period annihilates them. All inventors have endeavoured to change the sign of the "second momenta" obtaining continuous propulsion and to create thus momentum from nothing. But nobody in the world has tried to change the sign of the "second energies" and to create thus energy from nothing. Marinov proposes such experiments and shows that as momentum is a vectorial (and undissipative) quantity, while energy is a scalar (and dissipative) quantity, the violation of the energy conservation law by the help of inertial forces is a much more easier technological problem than the violation of the momentum conservation law. Marinov presents the fantastic machine of the unknown Italian inventor Stefano Ricciardi which is neither a turbine nor a piston-engine and at the same time it is a turbine and a piston-engine. Historical pages are reproduced of G. Zamboni on his "elettromotore perpetuo", the first perpetuum mobile in our world which since 150 years is in motion in the Clarendon Laboratory of the Oxford University. Price: $ 25