Copar

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Definitions of COPAR:
·
 
 A social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic,individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politicallyresponsive community.·
 
 A collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and systematicprocess of building people’s organizations by mobilizing and enhancing thecapabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their issues andconcerns towards effecting change in their existing oppressive andexploitative conditions (1994 National Rural Conference)·
 
 A process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, developsconfidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends anddevelops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in thecommunity (Ross 1967)·
 
 A continuous and sustained process of educating the people to understand anddevelop their critical awareness of their existing condition, working with thepeople collectively and efficiently on their immediate and long-term problems,and mobilizing the people to develop their capability and readiness to respondand take action on their immediate needs towards solving their long-termproblems (CO: A manual of experience, PCPD)The process and structure through which members of a community are/or becomeorganized for participation in health care and community development activities
Importance of COPAR:
1.
COPAR
is an important tool for community development and peopleempowerment as this helps the community workers to generatecommunity participation in development activities.
2.
COPAR
prepares people/clients to eventually take over the managementof a development programs in the future.
3.
COPAR
maximizes community participation and involvement; communityresources are mobilized for community services.
4.
COPAR
could be an alternative in situations wherein health interventionsin Public Health Care do not require direct involvement of modern medicalpractitioners
5.
COPAR
gets people actively involved in selection and support of community health workers
6.
Through
COPAR
, community resources are mobilized for selected healthservices
7.
COPAR
improves both projects effectiveness during implementation
Emphasis of COPAR
:1.Community working to solve its own problem2.Direction is established internally and externally3.Development and implementation of a specific project less important than thedevelopment of the capacity of the community to establish the project
 
4.Consciousness raising involves perceiving health and medical care within thetotal structure of society
Principles of COPAR:
1.
 
People, especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors areopen to change, have the capacity to change and are able to bring aboutchange.2.
 
COPAR
should be based on the interest of the poorest sectors of society3.
 
COPAR
should lead to a self-reliant community and society.
COPAR Process:
·
 
 A progressive cycle of 
action-reflection action
which begins with small, localand concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation and thereflection of and on the action taken by them.·
 
Consciousness through experimental learning central to the COPAR processbecause it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete actionand which enriches succeeding action.·
 
COPAR
is participatory and mass-based because it is primarily directed towardsand biased in favor of the poor, the powerless and oppressed.·
 
COPAR
is group-centered and not leader-oriented. Leaders are identified,emerge and are tested through action rather than appointed or selected bysome external force or entity.
Phases of COPAR
Pre-Entry Phase
The initial phase of the organizing process where the community / organizer looks for communities to serve / help.
It is considered to be the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, activities andstrategies and time spent for it.
Designing a plan for community development including all its activities andstrategies for care / development
Designing criteria for the selection for the site.
 Actual Selecting the site for community cares
Preparation of the Institution
 
o
Train faculty and students in COPAR.
o
Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR.
o
Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program.
o
Coordinate participants of other departments.
Site Selection
o
Initial networking with local government.
o
Conduct preliminary special investigation.
o
Make long/short list of potential communities.
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o
Do ocular survey of listed communities.
Criteria for Initial Site Selection
 
o
Must have a population of 100-200 families.
o
Economically depressed.
o
No strong resistance from the community.
o
No serious peace and order problem.
o
No similar group or organization holding the same program.
Identifying Potential Municipalities
 
o
Make long/short list.
Identifying Potential Barangay 
o
Do the same process as in selecting municipality.
o
Consult key informants and residents.
o
Coordinate with local government and NGOs for future activities.
Choosing Final Barangay 
o
Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants.
o
Determine the need of the program in the community.
o
Take note of political development.
o
Develop community profiles for secondary data.
o
Develop survey tools.
o
Pay courtesy call to community leaders.
o
Choose foster families based on guidelines.
Identifying Host Family 
o
House is strategically located in the community.
o
Should not belong to the rich segment.
o
Respected by both formal and informal leaders.
o
Neighbors are not hesitant to enter the house.
o
No member of the host family should be moving out in the community.
2. Entry Phase
- sometimes called the social preparation phase. Is crucial indetermining which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen community. Successof the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated with thecommunity.
Guidelines for Entry 
o
Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform their presence and activities.
o
Her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with thoseof the community residents without disregard of their being role model.
o
 Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-keyprofile.
 Activities in the Entry Phase
o
Integration - establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibecommunity life.
living with the community
seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate
lend a hand in household chores
5
 
avoid gambling and drinking
o
Deepening social investigation/community study
verification and enrichment of data collected from initial survey
conduct baseline survey by students, results relayed through communityassembly
Core Group Formation
o
Leader spotting through sociogram.Key persons - approached by most peopleOpinion leader - approach by key personsIsolates - never or hardly consulted
3. Community Study/diagnosis Phase (Research Phase)
Selection on the research team
Training on Data Collection methods and techniques; capability-building(includes development of data collection tools)
Planning for the actual gathering of data
Data-gathering
Training on data validation (includes tabulation and preliminary analysis of data)
Community validation
Presentation of the community study / diagnosis and recommendations
Prioritization of community needs / problems for action
4. Organization-building Phase (Community Organization and Capability BuildingPhase)
Entails the formation of more formal structure and the inclusion of more formalprocedure of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise activities. It is atthis phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given training (formal,informal, OJT) to develop their style in managing their own concerns/programs.
Key Activities
o
Community Health Organization (CHO)
preparation of legal requirements
guidelines in the organization of the CHO by the core group
election of officers
o
Research Team Committee
o
Planning Committee
o
Health Committee Organization
o
Others
o
Formation of by-laws by the CHO
5. Community Action Phase
Organization and training of community health workers* development criteria for the selection of CHW* selection of CHW* training of CHW
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