FOREST INFORMATION UPDATE VOL. 14 NO.

3 March 2013 Welcome to this edition of FIU Welcome to this edition of Forest Information Update. Please find below our latest batch of articles, listing, meetings and web sites for the natural resource sector. One of my favorite articles in this edition reports on the link between deforestation and ruined cities namely in Ancient Greece and Rome and leads to the premise: Wise use of the forest and related resources is an inescapable necessity. (See Resource Modeling articles for link.) The article itself is somewhat ancient by todays standards being published in 1982. A more recently published article in the Sustainable Management section makes the point that the global sustainability transition is more than changing light bulbs. This article raises questions over whether knowledge is keeping pace with consequences. FIU can also be viewed at the Web site at: http://wp.me/p2ypvs-Bk Kind regards Mike Smith, Editor and Director [email protected] INTRODUCTION Forest Information Update (FIU) is a free monthly email newsletter sent to people interested in the inventory and monitoring of natural resources and reaches about 22,000 natural resource specialists and other recipients worldwide. FIU is produced by Trade and Media Services Ltd (www.southem.com) and is supported by organizations, agencies and individuals working in the natural resources field. LINK IN TO FIU Follow up this edition with discussions and news items at the new Forest Information Linked-in group at: http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=2304033&trk=myg_ugrp_ovr YAHOO GROUP Download this and previous editions the Forest Information Yahoo group at: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/forest_information_update/?yguid=224336867 FACE-TO-FACE A new Facebook page has been established so you can personalize your contacts with other FIU users and contributors. http://www.facebook.com/pages/Forestry-info/143128941914?ref=ts FIU SPONSORS FIU offers advertisers with access to influential readers spanning the globe. This influential group of readers is active in all aspects of the forestry, natural resources, and climate change sector, from establishment, management and marketing to development and trade. For more information, contact: [email protected] Please visit our sponsors web sites, learn about what they do and utilize their

services. ESRI FORESTRY GIS CONFERENCE MAY 2013. The upcoming Esri Forestry GIS Conference held May 14-16, 2013 will be held at Esri's conference center in Redlands, California. This years topics include: - Forest spatial optimization - Integrating data and systems - Automated workflows - GIS as a system (desktop, web, mobile) - Image management, classification, and analysis - Building GIS capacity - ArcGIS Online See the agenda at: http://www.esri.com/events/forestry/agenda/index.html LASER TECHNOLOGY, INC. AT THE ESRI INTERNATIONL USERS CONFERENCE See this video of a GPS World magazine interview at the ESRI show 2012 - Eric Gakstatter is talking with Steve Colburn of Laser Technology. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sa8x_9UWYaQ Laser Technology, Inc. (LTI), is the designer and manufacturer of the most popular line of mapping lasers and rangefinders. Find out more at: http://www.lasertech.com/ DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS FIU is sent to each of the following international lists all are free, low volume and secure: Forest list See http://joyx.joensuu.fi/pipermail/forest-list/ Global Association of Online Foresters (GAOF) see http://www.foresters.org/portal/newmember.php International Forest List (IFL) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ifl-tech2000/ Nepalese Foresters http://groups.yahoo.com/group/nepaleseforesters/ Wetlandfriends see http://groups.yahoo.com/group/wetlandfriends and http://www.dgroups.org/groups/wetlandfriends/ Global e-Forum on Climate Change and Global Warming http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ClimateConcern/ Applied-GIS-RS homepage http://www.matox.com/agisrs Silvinet, Portuguese-based http://br.groups.yahoo.com/group/SilviNet/ You may receive FIU by joining one of the above. If you wish to receive FIU only send a blank email to [email protected]. For questions, to submit material, or to sponsor FIU, please contact me, Mike, [email protected] INPUT This months input comes from: Thomas G. Harris, Javier de Vicente, Silvia Lac, Gary Krupnick, CIFOR, Nelson Wong, Lance Olsen, Gandhiv Kafle, Artur Gil, Ross Mayhew, Selva Escalera, Colin, Infosylva, IUFRO, and many more. Thank you

all for sharing your information! HAVE YOU HEARD? NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD GAPS IN RESEARCH ON GENDER ROLES IN FOREST MANAGEMENT - There are significant gaps in research aimed at understanding how the complementary roles and responsibilities of men and women could improve sustainable forest management, according to a CIFOR Forests News report. The article says there also needs to be a closer examination of gender-differentiated impacts of emerging global processes and policies such as climate mitigation and adaptation. http://tinyurl.com/fiugender INDONESIAN POLITICOS SIGN FORESTRY MANAGEMENT REFORM PACT. Eight cabinet ministers and the heads of four state institutions on Monday signed a joint action agreement concerning the management of Indonesias forests. http://tinyurl.com/fiupact PETITION AS SALE UNIVERSITYS FOREST DRAWS FIRE Plans by North Carolina State University to sell a heritage forest long used for research has raised the ire from many involved in the forestry program. NCSUs Natural Resources Foundation ED and chief fund raiser David Ashcraft says the board is looking at what it can do with the money from the sale of the Hoffmann Forest, saying research in the forest would continue even if it was sold to private interests. However, other commentators have said the timing is at the very least bad to sell the forest, given the current market. http://tinyurl.com/fiuhofmann See the petition at: http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/cnr-alumni-against-the-sale-of-the-hofmann-forest TRIBUNAL OUTLAWS VEHICLES INSIDE FOREST In India, the National Green Tribunal has said that no public vehicular traffic is now permitted in the Rajokri forest. It has also said that no non-forest activity is permitted in the area. Taking note of a Times of India report on the illegal construction of three roads cutting through Rajokri forest, the National Green Tribunal has said that no public vehicular traffic is now permitted in the "forest area". It has also said that no non-forest activity is permitted in the area. http://tinyurl.com/fiuvehicles IUFRO HEADQUARTERS IS MOVING OFFICES - From 18 February onwards the IUFOR HQ new office/postal address is: IUFRO Headquarters, Marxergasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria. The phone and email details remain as usual. BATTERIES NOT INCLUDED This section is devoted to resource inventory tips and miscellaneous blurbs for whatever uses you care to make. Please limit contributions to one paragraph or so. Thanks, Mike Smith. THE CURRENT FRONTIER IN CARBON MAPPING - Thomas Groen, Universiteit

Twente asks: What is the current frontier in Carbon Mapping? I'm curious to know how far we are currently with mapping carbon stocks in natural vegetation. To join this discussion, go to: http://tinyurl.com/fiutgroen LIDAR BATHYMETRY LASER PULSE PENETRATION DEPTH - Victor Klemas of the University of Delaware asks: In lidar bathymetry, the laser pulse penetration depth is often assumed to be about three Secchi depths. Is this a reasonable assumption even for somewhat turbid estuarine waters? [email protected] PRACTICAL FOREST INVENTORY - Remi D. a Forestry Consultant at FORM International, Utrecht Area, Netherlands writes: Hello, we are looking to buy some PDA/software for inventory work. It is only to measure simple parameters such as H and DBH and should be very easy to handle by unschooled field staff in developing countries. Any experience typing directly into excel or access database? OPPORTUNITIES - Several readers of FIU are seeking employment in the forestry field. If you have jobs available and are in need of good people, please consider posting your vacancies in FIU (there is no charge for this service): LAST CALL FOR AUTHORS Silvia Lac writes: Book on Climate Change and Forest Ecosystems (Nova). Abstracts by March 20 (full articles by Sept 15, 2013). Please email Silvia (co-editor) for more information. [email protected] FORESTRY TECHNICIAN the US Department of Agriculture wants to hire a forestry technician based in Anchorage, Alaska. The position is located on Pacific Northwest Research Station in Archorage, AK with the Pacific Northwest Research Station. For additional information about the duties of this position, please contact Brent Mueller at 907 743-9408 or [email protected] CHAIR IN ZOOLOGY: ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMS: Chris Harrod wrote via Fish-Sc: iThe School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland seeks to appoint an outstanding candidate to the prestigious Professor of Zoology (1871) in the area of Ecological and Evolutionary Systems. The successful applicant will commence in post in September 2013 or as soon as possible thereafter. For further details, please visit http://www.tcd.ie/Zoology/chair.php FUTURE FORESTS FELLOWSHIP AWARDS WORLDS LARGEST FORESTRY SCHOLARSHIP - Sara Barron, a Ph D. student at the University of British Colombia, was awarded up to $240,000$60,000 annually for up to four yearsto study how urban planners can design or retrofit suburbs to create suburban forests that could reduce carbon footprints. http://tinyurl.com/fiuapprentice STUDENT JOSEPH SOARS TO ROYAL FORESTRY SOCIETY SILKY SAW HANDSAW AWARD - Apprentice Joseph Ryall has become the first student at

Kingston Maurward College to receive the UKs Royal Forestry Society (RFS) Silky Saw Handsaw Award. He was nominated for showing most endeavour and received his trophy from John Sanders, chairman of the RFS Somerset and Dorset Division, at the Dorchester college's prize giving ceremony. The award, which also includes a year's membership of the RFS, was presented by John Sanders, chairman of the RFS Somerset and Dorset Division, at the colleges prizegiving ceremony. http://tinyurl.com/fiuhandsaw SARAHS JOURNEY TO HAWAII - A blog by a student from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies on a class trip to Hawaii. http://tinyurl.com/fiusarahsjourney HAVE YOU READ? Obtain from your local library or from the sources provided. ARTICLES OF INTEREST BIODIVERSITY H.M. Pereira et al. Essential Biodiversity Variables. Policy Forum. Science. Vol 339 18 January 2013. http://tinyurl.com/fiuvariables Michel Loreau, Claire de Mazancourt. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability: a synthesis of underlying mechanisms. Ecology Letters. Article first published online: 24 JAN 2013. DOI: 10.1111/ele.12073. http://tinyurl.com/fiusynthesis Costello MJ, Bouchet P, Boxshall G, Fauchald K, Gordon D, et al. (2013) Global Coordination and Standardisation in Marine Biodiversity through the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and Related Databases. PLoS ONE 8(1): e51629. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051629 http://tinyurl.com/fiuworm Stork NE (2010) Re-assessing current extinction rates. Biodiversity Conservation 19: 357371. http://tinyurl.com/fiurates BIOFUEL/BIOMASS Ackermann N, Thiel C, Borgeaud, M, Schmullius, C (2010) Potential of fusion of SAR and optical satellite imagery for biomass estimation in temperate forested areas. In: Proceedings of the ESA living planet symposium, Bergen, Norway http://tinyurl.com/fiufusion Aristides Moustakas, William E. Kunin, Tom C. Cameron, Mahesh Sankaran. Facilitation or Competition? Tree Effects on Grass Biomass across a Precipitation Gradient. PLoS ONE 8(2): e57025. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057025

http://tinyurl.com/fiugradient A. Moustakas et al. Perspective: Learning new tricks from old trees: revisiting the savanna question. (p. 47) Frontiers of Biogeography (ISSN 1948-6596). the scientific magazine of the International Biogeography Society. Volume 2, issue 2 July 2010 http://tinyurl.com/fiuquestion Bullock JM (2009) A long-term study of the roles facilitation in the establishment following heathland fires. Journal of Ecology 97: 646656. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01502.x http://tinyurl.com/fiuheath CLASSIFICATION/MAPPING Patrick Marshall. How LIDAR is revolutionizing maps, geospatial data. Mar 12, 2013. First of four parts. Ex GCN. http://tinyurl.com/fiurevolution Richard M. Lucas et al. Integration of radar and Landsat-derived foliage projected cover for woody regrowth mapping, Queensland, Australia. Remote Sensing of Environment. Volume 100, Issue 3, 15 February 2006, Pages 388406. http://tinyurl.com/fiuderived XF Ma, XD Dai. Research on the Extended Product Design Knowledge Classification System within a Distributed Knowledge Resources Environment. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013 - Trans Tech Publ. http://tinyurl.com/fiuextended Rabha Ibrahim. Initial and boundary value problems for fractional differential inclusions. Journal of Scientific and Mathematical Research. Under Review. Submitted: 2008-Jan-13 11:09:04. http://tinyurl.com/fiufraction CLIMATE CHANGE/CARBON A. M. Makarieva, V. G. Gorshkov, D. Sheil, A. D. Nobre, and B.-L. Li. Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1039-1056, 2013. http://tinyurl.com/fiuvapor Chris Huntingford et al. Simulated resilience of tropical rainforests to CO2induced climate change. Nature Geoscience (2013) doi: 10.1038/ngeo1741. Received 28 October 2012. Accepted 23 January 2013. Published online 10 March 2013 http://tinyurl.com/fiuresilience INVENTORY/MONITORING Stefano Caserinia & Silvia Galantea et al. A methodology for elemental and

organic carbon emission inventory and results for Lombardy region, Italy. Science of The Total Environment. Volumes 450451, 15 April 2013, Pages 2230. http://tinyurl.com/fiulombardy Eleanor Milne et al. Methods for the quantification of GHG emissions at the landscape level for developing countries in smallholder contexts. Environmental Research Letters Volume 8 Number 1. Eleanor Milne et al 2013 Environ. Res. Lett. 8 015019 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015019. http://tinyurl.com/fiughg2 Mandallaz, Daniel. A unified approach to sampling theory for forest inventory based on infinite population and superpopulation models. (2009): 1-257. http://tinyurl.com/fiusuper Driver, B. L.; Brown, P. J. The opportunity spectrum concept and behavioural information in outdoor recreation resource supply inventories: a rationale. In: Integrated inventories of renewable natural resources: proceedings of the workshop, January 1978, Tucson, Arizona (Edited by H. G. Lund et al.). USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report 1978 No. RM-55 pp. 24-31 http://tinyurl.com/fiurationale LEGAL MATTERS Tribe V. Dept Of Interior Over 112 Wind Turbines - Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, Plaintiff, V. United States Department of the Interior, et al., Federal Defendants, Ocotillo Express LLC, Defendant-Intervenor. Case No. 12cv1167-GPC(PCL). United States District Court, S.D. California. February 27, 2013. In which Quechan challenges [Bureau of Land Management] approval of the [decision] allowing the construction of 112 wind turbines in an area that contains cultural and biological significance to the Tribe. http://tinyurl.com/fiuquechan Arizona Court Rules for USFS Over Center for Biologicial Diversity. Center for Biological Diversity, et al., Plaintiff, v. United States Forest Service, Defendant. No. 12-CV-8088-PCT-PGR. United States District Court, D. Arizona. January 22, 2013. Court concludes the Forest Service violated neither of two acts and so was entitled to summary judgement. http://tinyurl.com/fiudiversity3 Environmental Justice and Federalism, Edward Elgar 2012, ISBN: 9781781001394, Hardback 224 Pages, Price USD $84.00 http://tinyurl.com/fiufed Shawnee Forest Logging and Drilling Ban Lifted. After more than 16 years of no logging in the Shawnee National For http://www.wsiltv.com/news/local/ShawneeForest-Logging-and-Drilling-Ban-Lifted-198293231.htmlest, a U.S. Federal judge has lifted the ban. Judge J. Phil Gilbert says the Forest Service has provided a forest management plan that is detailed and well put together. That means the Shawnee is now open to logging and oil and gas drilling. http://tinyurl.com/fiuban

MISCELLANEOUS REMOTE SENSING/GIS JarosBaw J. Zawadzki et al. Method of Forest Type Inventory by Joining Low Resolution Remote Sensing of Vegetation Indices with Spatial Information from the Corine Land Cover Database. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. ISRN Forestry. Volume 2013, Article ID 529193, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/529193 http://tinyurl.com/fiu2indices Russell G. Congalton. A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment. Volume 37, Issue 1, July 1991, Pages 3546. http://tinyurl.com/fiu2data Llus Pesquer ; Xavier Pons ; Ana Corts ; Ivette Serral. Spatial pattern alterations from JPEG2000 lossy compression of remote sensing images: massive variogram analysis in high performance computing. J. Appl. Remote Sens. 7(1), 073595 (Jan 17, 2013). doi:10.1117/1.JRS.7.073595 http://tinyurl.com/fiulossy M. Stellmes et al. Mapping syndromes of land change in Spain with remote sensing time series, demographic and climatic data. Land Use Policy. Volume 30, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 685702 http://tinyurl.com/fiuspain RESOURCE ANALYSIS/MODELING J. Donald Hughes and J. V. Thirgood. Deforestation, Erosion and Forest Management in Ancient Greece and Rome. Journal of Forest History, Vol. 26, No 2 (Apr., 1982), pp. 60-75i. http://tinyurl.com/fiu2ancient de Rigo, Daniele and Corti, Paolo et al (2013): Toward open science at the European scale: geospatial semantic array programming for integrated environmental modelling. Forthcoming in: Geophysical Research Abstracts , Vol. 15, (2013) http://tinyurl.com/fiuarray Danny McCarroll. A 1200-year multiproxy record of tree growth and summer temperature at the northern pine forest limit of Europe. The Holocene January 18, 2013 0959683612467483. http://tinyurl.com/fiumultiproxy SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT Michael P. Weinstein, R. Eugene Turner, & Carles Ibez. The global

sustainability transition: it is more than changing light bulbs. Sustainability: Science, Practice & Policy. Articles 2013, volume 9, issue 1. http://tinyurl.com/fiubulbs Restoring the Rainforest: Guayak Brews Environmental and Social Change. Article on web site March 12, 2013. http://tinyurl.com/fiuguayaki CAPTURED ON VIDEO UN Supports Congo National Forest Monitoring System Web Portal Presentation of an animated dynamic geo-portal developed by the Democratic Republic of Congo with the collaboration of the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) and the Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE) with the support of the UN -REDD for National Forest Monitoring System. http://tinyurl.com/fiu2congo Oleg Solontsov, Deputy Director, FSUE Roslesinforg, Russia. Report: Usage of RSD for governmental forest inventory. 12th International Scientific and Technical Conference "From imagery to map: digital photogrammetric technologies". September 24--27, 2012, Algarve, Portugal http://tinyurl.com/fiurussia YOURE INVITED! Symposium: Responses of Arctic Marine Ecosystems to Climate Change March 26-29, 2013 - Anchorage, Alaska, USA. Call for abstracts, due November 30, 2012. http://seagrant.uaf.edu/conferences/2013/wakefield-arctic-ecosystems/call.php 16-18 January 2013. Building Resilient Communities Through Communitybased Forest Management. Northern Ontario Sustainable Communities. Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. http://noscp.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/CBFM2013_PreliminaryProgram_21jun2012-2.pdf 13-15 March 2013. Small Log Conference. Forest Business Networks 6th BiAnnual Small Log Conference. Coeur dAlene Resort in Coeur dAlene, Idaho. http://www.forestbusinessnetwork.com/our-events/slc/ 2-5 April 2013. Forest Cover Change (FoCC). Freising, Germany. Contact: Thomas Knoke, Email: knoke(at)forst.wzw.tum.de http://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-4/40000/40200/ 7-12 Apr 2013. Aspects of sustainable biomass utilization for energy and industrial raw materials. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2013: Session ERE1.7. Vienna, Austria, http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2013/session/11641 22 April 2013. UNECE/FAO/InnovaWood Seminar on Innovation in the Forest Sector. Innovation in the Forest-Based Sector Prerequisite for the Green

Economy. Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.unece.org/forests/wood-innovation2013.html 14-17 May 2013. 15th International Symposium on Legal Aspects of European Forest Sustainable Development. Tirana, Republic of Albania. Contact Peter Herbst or Haki Kola at [email protected] [email protected] 16-21 May 2013. Planted Forests on the Globe Renewable Resources for the Future 3rd International Congress on Planted Forests. Estoril, Portugal. IUFRO 8.00.00 http://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-8/80000 Contact: Jean-Michel Carnus, Jean-Michel.Carnus(at)pierroton.inra.fr http://www.efiatlantic.efi.int/portal/events/2013_icpf 2-5 June 2013. Forest Operations in Mountainous Conditions. The mission of IUFRO Research Group 3.06.00 "Forest operations in mountainous conditions" is: to provide forest scientists and engineers with a network and focus for the full range of forest engineering practices for accessing and harvesting in mountainous terrain in an environmentally sound manner. http://www.skogoglandskap.no/konferanse/forest_operations_in_mountainous_condi tions 2-9 June 2013. Primeval Beech Forests: Reference Systems for the Management and Conservation of Biodiversity, Forest Resources and Ecosystem Services. Lviv, Ukraine. http://www.wsl.ch/dienstleistungen/veranstaltungen/veranstaltungskalender/beech_f orests/organisation_EN 2-7 Jul 2013. The 1st International Forestry Graduates Conference 2013 (FORGRAD2013). Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Organized by the Faculty of Foresty Graduates Students Association (FORGRAD2013) in collaboration with the Management of Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia http://www.forr.upm.edu.my/index.php/forgrad-2013 July 22-25, 2013, the conference Forest Genetics 2013 will be held in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. This conference is a joint meeting of four organizations: www.forestgenetics2013.ca 20 July-28 July, 2014 Sixth International Poplar Symposium (IPS-VI). Vancouver, British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. Contact: Cees van Oosten, Email: silviconsult(at)telus.net http://www.iufro.org/download/file/8779/3637/ips-vi14-revised-dates_pdf/ 28-30 August 2013. International conference title: Forests, People and Climate: Changing Paradigm. Conference organizers: Institute of Forestry, Community Based Forest Management in the Himalaya (ComForM) Project in collaboration with the Department of Forest Research and Survey/MoFSC and the Forest and Landscape Denmark, University of Copenhagen. Conference venue: Hotel Fulbari Resort, Pokhara, Nepal. Contact address: Santosh Rayamajhi

<[email protected]> mobile 9840051018 8-12 Sep 2013. Future Directions of Small-scale and Community-based Forestry. Fukuoka, Japan. Contact: Akie Kawasaki, iufro.fukuoka(at)gmail.com http://ffpsc.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/policy/IUFRO/IUFROF2013.html 30 September-3 October 2013. 2013 Algae Biomass Summit. Solicitation for Abstracts. Hilton Orlando in Orlando, Florida, USA. http://algaebiomasssummit.org/ema/account/register1.aspx? refer=/ema/memberarea/speaker/submitabstracts.aspx 20 24 October 2013. 34rd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS 2013) will be held on Bali, Indonesia. http://www.acrs2013.com/ 23-26 September 2014. Fifth Forest Engineering Conference (FEC 2014). Gerardmer, France. http://www.fcba.fr/approvisionnement/fec2014.php XXIV IUFRO World Congress - Call for Session Proposals - Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, October 5-11, 2014. Technical Session Proposals will be accepted from January April 2013. Session proposals will be accepted that address one or more of the following Congress themes: http://iufro2014.com/scientific-program/congressthemes/ Forests for People Forest Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Forests and Climate Change Forest and Water Interactions Forest Biomass and Bioenergy Forests and Forest Products for a Greener Future Forest Health in a Changing World http://iufro2014.com/scientific-program/session-proposals/ WHILE SURFING THE WEBINTERESTING LINKS For a complete listing of links go to http://groups.yahoo.com/group/forest_information_update/ Invasive Plants in Portugal. View this Web site for a map and advice. Also download the app for smart phone etc use. http://invasoras.uc.pt/ COPYRIGHT NOTICE Items headlined in Forest Information Update are drawn from a number of sources. The source of the item is quoted, either by publication or organisations in line with the practice of fair reporting. Where necessary, Items are translated by TMS Ltd. Every effort is made to ensure use of paid wire service material is avoided at all times. Should users wish to utilize Forest Information Update on their own web sites, we request that this is done to accurately reflect the current layout to ensure attribution is appropriate.