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Experiment 9 Specific Heat Capacity of A Metal: Valdosta State University Valdosta State University

This document describes an experiment to determine the specific heat of an unknown metal using a coffee cup calorimeter. Key steps include: 1) Setting up the calorimeter with water and the metal sample, and collecting temperature data over time as it reaches equilibrium. 2) Analyzing the temperature versus time graph to determine the initial and final temperatures of the water and metal. 3) Using the temperature changes and known properties, calculating the specific heat of the metal according to the equation: cmetal = (-cwatermwater(Tf - Ti,water))/mmetal(Tf - 100°C). 4) Estimating the molecular weight of the metal from its specific heat using Dulong and Petit's

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Lena Fisher
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
74 views

Experiment 9 Specific Heat Capacity of A Metal: Valdosta State University Valdosta State University

This document describes an experiment to determine the specific heat of an unknown metal using a coffee cup calorimeter. Key steps include: 1) Setting up the calorimeter with water and the metal sample, and collecting temperature data over time as it reaches equilibrium. 2) Analyzing the temperature versus time graph to determine the initial and final temperatures of the water and metal. 3) Using the temperature changes and known properties, calculating the specific heat of the metal according to the equation: cmetal = (-cwatermwater(Tf - Ti,water))/mmetal(Tf - 100°C). 4) Estimating the molecular weight of the metal from its specific heat using Dulong and Petit's

Uploaded by

Lena Fisher
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 9 Specific Heat Capacity of a Metal

Valdosta State University

Goal
To determine the specific heat of an unknown metal using a coffee cup calorimeter.

Valdosta State University

Background - Calorimetry
Atmospheric pressure is constant DH = qp qsystem = -qsurroundings The surroundings are composed of the water in the calorimeter and the calorimeter. qsystem = - (qwater + qcalorimeter) For most calculations, the qcalorimeter can be ignored. qsystem = - qwater

csystemmsystem DTsystem = - cwatermwater DTwater

Valdosta State University

Background - Calorimetry
csystemmsystem DTsystem = - csurroundsmsurrounds DTsurrounds c = specific heat m = mass DT = change in temperature (Tf Ti)

Valdosta State University

Background - Calorimetry
cmetalmmetal DTmetal = - cwatermwater DTwater

cwater mwater DTwater cmetal mmetal DTmetal

Valdosta State University

Background - Calorimetry
cmetalmmetal DTmetal = - cwatermwater DTwater

cmetal

cwater mwater T f Ti ,water mmetal T f Ti ,metal

Valdosta State University

Background - Calorimetry
cmetalmmetal DTmetal = - cwatermwater DTwater

cmetal

cwater mwater T f Ti ,water mmetal T f 100o C

Valdosta State University

Background - Calorimetry
An equation derived by Dulong and Petit can be used to estimate the atomic weight of a metal from the substances specific heat.
o 1 1

26 J C mol M metal cmetal

Valdosta State University

Experimental Procedure
There are four main procedures to this experiment 1. Set-up the calorimeter 2. Boil the water containing metal 3. Set-up the GLX computer. 4. Collect the calorimetric data.

Valdosta State University

Background - Calorimeter

Thermometer probe insert

Calorimeter cover or lid

Two styrofoam cups nested together containing water and metal


Valdosta State University

Figure A- GLX Components

GLX Xplorer

Analog Adapter

GLX Adapter

USB Plug

Valdosta State University

Figure B- Sensor Probes

Voltage Sensor

Syringe

Colorimeter Pressure Sensor

Temperature Sensor

pH Sensor

Valdosta State University

Calorimetric Set-Up

Valdosta State University

Experimental Procedure Collecting Data


1. Weigh out approx. 20 grams of unknown metal, place it in a test tube and warm in a hot water bath. 2. Weigh the calorimeter, add approximately 20 mL of water and reweigh the calorimeter and water. 3. After the metal has been in the hot water 5 minutes, start the experiment by pressing Record on the GLX and start swirling the liquid in the calorimeter. 4. After one minute, add the hot metal and continue swirling. 5. Discard the water, place the metal in the wet metal beaker, and repeat the experiment.
Valdosta State University

Experimental Procedure Data Analysis


Experiment 9 Trial 1
30 29

28

27

Temperature (celcius)

26

25

24

23

22

21

20 0 50 100 150 Time (seconds) Run 1 200 250 300

Valdosta State University

Experimental Procedure Data Analysis


Experiment 9 Trial 1
30 29

28

27

Temperature (celcius)

26

25

24

23

22

21

20 0 50 100 150 Time (seconds) Run 1 200 250 300

Valdosta State University

Experimental Procedure Data Analysis


Experiment 9 Trial 1
30 29

28

27

Temperature (celcius)

Tf = 28.9oC
26 25 24

Ti(water) = 22.6oC

mmetal = 21.315g
mwater = 18.221g

23

22

21

20 0 50 100 150 Time (seconds) Run 1 200 250 300

Valdosta State University

Calculation Specific Heat


cmetal cwater mwater T f Ti ,water mmetal T f 100o C

4.184J / g oC (18.221g )28.9 o C 22.6o C cmetal 21.315g 28.9 o C 100o C

Valdosta State University

Calculation Specific Heat


cmetal cwater mwater T f Ti ,water mmetal

100 C
o

4.184 J / g C (18.221g )28.9 C 22.6 C cmetal o o 21.315g 28.9 C 100 C


o o o

0.317J / g oC

Valdosta State University

Calculation Molecular Weight Estimate.


26 J C mol M metal cmetal
o 1 1

26 J oC 1mol 1 M metal o 0.317 J / g C

Valdosta State University

Calculation Molecular Weight Estimate.


26 J C mol M metal cmetal
o 1 1

26 J oC 1mol 1 M metal 0.317J / g oC 82.0 g / mol


Valdosta State University

Safety
Be careful handing hot glassware and metal as they can be hot. Be sure to keep computers and calorimeters away from the hot plates, both can melt when exposed to heat.

Valdosta State University

Waste Disposal
Put all metal into containers marked: Wet Unknown

Valdosta State University

Quiz
Name, Lab day and time

Valdosta State University

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