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Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K

The document discusses executive control over administration in India. It states that political executive or cabinet exercises control over permanent administration or bureaucrats through various means like policy formulation, budget control, appointment and removal of officials, delegated legislation, ordinances and code of conduct. However, some problems in effective executive control are instability of governments, lack of expertise of ministers and over reliance on bureaucrats. It argues that making expertise and merit more important criteria in cabinet formation can help strengthen executive control over administration.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
23 views4 pages

Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K Iz'kklu Ij DK Zikfydk Fu A .K

The document discusses executive control over administration in India. It states that political executive or cabinet exercises control over permanent administration or bureaucrats through various means like policy formulation, budget control, appointment and removal of officials, delegated legislation, ordinances and code of conduct. However, some problems in effective executive control are instability of governments, lack of expertise of ministers and over reliance on bureaucrats. It argues that making expertise and merit more important criteria in cabinet formation can help strengthen executive control over administration.

Uploaded by

ultravoilet4u
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
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bdkbZ& V

v/;k;&10

iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k


(Executive Control Over Administration)
iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k ls rkRi;Z jktuSfrd dk;Zikfydk }kjk ukSdj'kkgh vFkkZr LFkkbZ dk;Zikfydk] yksd
lsodksa ds dk;ksZa ij fu;a=.k ls gSA bl izdkj ds fu;a=.k Hkkjr vkSj baXyS.M eas dsfcusV vkSj eaf=;ksa }kjk yxk;s tkrs gaSA
lalnh; yksdra= esa 'kklu dh uhfr;ksa dk f;kUo;u ukSdj'kkgh yksd lsodkas }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh lalnh;
yksdra= esa 'kklu ds leLr dk;ksZa dk mkjnkf;Ro jktuSfrd dk;Zikfydk eaf= ifj"kn ij gksrk gS tks vius dk;ksZ ds
fy, laln O;oLFkkfidk ds izfr mkjnk;h gksrh gSA ;|fi jktuSfrd dk;Zikfydk }kjk fufeZr uhfr;ksa dk f;kUo;u
ukSdj'kkgh yksd lsodkaas }kjk fd;k tkrk gS ijUrq yksd lsok ls lac) fdlh vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkjh dks muds }kjk fd;s
x;s dk;ksZ ds mkjnkf;Ro ds fy, laln O;oLFkkfidk ds le{k ugha cqyk;k tk ldrk gSA leLr lQyrk vkSj
vlQyrkvksa dk mkjnkf;Ro lacf/kr foHkkx ds ea=h ;k dsfcusV dk gh gksrk gSA bl mkjnkf;Ro ds fuoZgu ds fy, ;g
vko';d gS fd dk;Zikfydk jktuSfrd dk iz'kklu ij izHkkoh fu;a=.k gksA jktuSfrd dk;Zikfydk ftu lk/kuksa ls
iz'kklu LFkkbZ dk;Zikfydk ij fu;a=.k djrh gS] os vxzor~ gaS %&
1 jktuSfrd funsZ'k uhfr fuekZ.k Political Instructions (Policy Formulation)
lalnh; yksdra= esa eaf=e.My uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djds O;oLFkkfidk laln ls Lohd`r djkus ds fy, mkjnk;h gS
vkSj fufeZr uhfr;ksa dks ykxw djus dk dk;Z yksdlsodksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA pawfd uhfr;ksa ds lQy f;kUo;u gsrq Hkh
jktuSfrd dk;Zikfydk dsfcusV mkjnk;h gksrh gSA vr% bu uhfr;ksa ds lQy dk;kZUo;u dh n`f"V ls dk;Zikfydk ds
ikl yksd lsodksa ds funasZ'ku] fujh{k.k] i;Zos{k.k] leUo; ,oa fu;a=.k dh 'kfDr gksrh gSA lkFk gh ea=h tks fd ,d ;k ,d
ls vf/kd foHkkxksa dk izHkkjh gksrk gSA foHkkxh; uhfr vkSj funsZ'k rS;kj djrk gS vkSj iz'kkldksa ij bu uhfr;ksa ds f;kUo;u
ds nkSjku i;Zos{k.k o leUo; dk dk;Z djrk gSA bl izdkj jktuSfrd funsZa'kks ds }kjk ea=h vius foHkkx@ ea=ky; ds
iz'kkldh; vfHkdj.kksa dh f;kvksa ij izHkkoh fu;a=.k LFkkfir djrk gSA foHkkxh; vf/kdkjh izR;{k vkSj iw.kZ:is.k ea=h ds
izfr mkjnk;h gksrs gaSA
2 ctV iz.kkyh }kjk fu;a=.k (Control through Budget)
dk;Zikfydk ctV iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls Hkh iz'kklu ij fu;a=.k j[krh gSA ;g ctV dk fuekZ.k djrh gS vkSj
O;oLFkkfidk ls bls ikfjr djkrh gS rFkk iz'kkldh; vfHkdj.kksa dks muds O;;ksa gsrq vko';d dks"k vkoafVr djrh gSA
bu lc xfrfof/k;ksa esa fok ea=ky; tks fd Hkkjr ljdkj dk dsUnzh; fokh; vfHkdj.k gS egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA
fok ea=ky; iz'kklu ij fuEu fof/k;ksa ls fokh; fu;a=.k LFkkfir djrk gS %
1- foHkkxks@
a ea=ky;ksa dh uhfr;ksa ,oa dk;Zeksa ds fl)kUr ds :i esa vuqeksnu }kjk]
2- ctV vuqekuksa ds izko/kkuksa dh Lohd`fr }kjk]
3- izR;k;ksftr 'kfDr ds v/khu O;;ksa dh Lohd`fr }kjk]
4- fokh; lykg }kjk]
5- vuqnkuksa ds iqufoZfu;ksx }kjk]
6- vkUrfjd vad{s k.k O;oLFkk }kjk rFkk
7- O;; djus okys izkf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, foRrh; lafgrk ds fuekZ.k }kjkA

3 fu;qfDr vkSj fu"dklu ds }kjk fu;a=.k


(Control through Appointment and Removal)
dk;Zikfydk }kjk iz'kklu ij fu;a=.k dk ;g lcls izHkkoh rjhdk gSA dk;Zikfydk] dkfeZd izcU/k vkSj fua;=.k esa
egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrh gSA dk;Zikfydk ds bl dk;Z esa dkfeZd vkSj izf'k{k.k foHkkx] foRr foHkkx vkSj la?k

iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k @ 115

yksd lsok vk;ksx lgk;rk djrs gSaA ea=h] tks vius foHkkx dk ize[q k gksrk gS] vius foHkkx ds lfpo vkSj foHkkxk/;{kksa
tSls mPp iz'kkldksa ds p;u vkSj fu;qfDr esa egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS rFkk vius foHkkxksa ds iz'kklu esa bu fu;qfDr;ksa
ds ek/;e ls iw.kZ fu;a=.k j[krk gSA ;|fi dkfeZdksa dh HkrhZ la?k@jkT;ksa ds yksd lsok vk;ksxksa }kjk dh tkrh gS fdUrq
HkrhZ ds fu;e] ;ksX;rk vkfn dk;Zikfydk }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;s tkrs gSa ,oa dk;Zikfydk dks dkfeZdksa ds fu"dklu@in
fu;qfDr djus dk vf/kdkj Hkh izkIr gSA
4 izR;k;ksftr fo/kku (Delegated legislation)
izR;k;ksftr fo/kku ;k dk;Zikfydk O;oLFkkiu Hkh iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk ds fu;a=.k dk ,d egoiw.kZ lk/ku cu
x;k gSA O;oLFkkfidk ds dk;Zdykiksa eas o`f) gksus] le;kHkko ,oa rduhdh fo'ks"kKksa ds vHkko ds dkj.k] vktdy
O;oLFkkfidk uhfr dk ,d eksVk izk:i rS;kj dj mlls lEcfU/kr ckjhfd;ksa ij fof/k fuekZ.k dk vf/kdkj dk;Zikfydk
dks ns nsrh gS bls gh izR;k;ksftr fo/kku dgk tkrk gSA dk;Zikfydk O;oLFkkfidk ls izkIr izk:i ds vk/kkj ij fu;e]
fofu;e] lsok 'krsZa] vf/kdkj {ks= dkZO;ksa vkfn dk fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA
5 v/;kns'kksa ds }kjk fu;a=.k (Control through ordinance)
Hkkjr dk lafo/kku eq[; dk;Zikyd dsUnz esa jk"Vifr ,oa jkT;ksa esa jkT;iky dks O;oLFkkfidk laln@fo/kkulHkk
dk vf/kos'ku ugha pyus ds nkSjku vkdfLed ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, v/;kns'k tkjh djus dks vf/kd`r djrk
gSA ;g v/;kns'k O;oLFkkfidk }kjk fufeZr dkuwuksa dh Hkkafr gh vkf/kdkfjd ,oa 'kfDr lEiUu gksrk gS vkSj iz'kklu ds dk;ksZa
dks 'kkflr djrk gSA
6 yksd lsok vkpkj lafgrk }kjk (Control through Code of Coduct of public service)
dk;Zikfydk }kjk yksd lsok lafgrk dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gS ftldk lHkh iz'kkldksa dks mudh dk;kZy;h 'kfDr;ksa
ds iz;ksx ds nkSjku ikyu djuk vfuok;Z gksrk gS bu vkpj.k fu;eksa ls dsoy yksdlsokvksa esa vuq'kklu vkSj dk;Zd'q kyrk
cuk;s j[kus es lgk;rk feyrh gS oju~ ;s iz'kkldksa dks mudh 'kfDr;ksa ds nq:i;ksx dks jksdus esa Hkh lgk;d gksrs gaSA Hkkjr
esa ,sls fu;ekas esa eq[;r% fuEu fu;e gSa %
1- vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsok;sa vkpj.k fu;e] 1954
2- dsUnzh; flfoy lsok vkpj.k fu;e] 1955
3- jsYkos lsok vkpj.k fu;e] 1956]
;s vkpj.k fu;e eq[;r% jkT; ds izfr oQknkjh mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa dk lEeku] vkns'kksa dh ikyuk] yksdlsodksa dh
jktuSfrd&xfrfo/k;ksa] lEifRr] e|iku] nwljs fookg ij izfrcU/k bR;kfn ls lacfU/kr gaSA
iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk ds fu;a=.k dh leL;k,
(Problem of Executive Control Over Administration )
iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk ds izHkkoh fu;a=.k dh ize[q k leL;k, fuEukafdr gSa %
1- eaf=;ksa dk p;u ;ksX;rk o vuqHko ij vk/kkfjr ugha gksdj muds p;u dk vk/kkj jktuhfrd gksrk gSaA
2- ea=h is'ksoj iz'kkld ugha gksrAs mUgsa foHkkx dk dk;Z lkSia s tkus ls iwoZ ;k ckn esa dksbZ izf'k{k.k ugha fn;k tkrk vkSj os
fo"k; fo'ks"kK ugha gksrs gSaA
3- eaf=;ksa dk vf/kdka'k le; jktuhfrd xfrfof/k;ks esa gh O;rhr gks tkrk gSA QyLo:i os foHkkxh; dk;ksZ dks
le>us esa le; ugha ns ikrsA
4- ljdkj dk vLFkkf;Ro o eaf=;ksa ds foHkkxksa esa fur u;s ifjorZu] ;s ,sls rF; gSa tks izHkkoh fu;a=.k ds ekxZ esa
ck/kd gSaA
5- eaf=;ksa ds foijhr iz'kklu ds vf/kdkjh ;ksX;] vuqHkoh] dq'ky] ,oa fo'ks"kK gksrs gaSA blfy, ea=h bu vf/kdkfj;ksa
ij vkfJr jgrs gSaA
mi;qZ leL;kvksa ds dkj.k ljdkj jktuhfrKksa }kjk ugha oju~ yksdlsodksa }kjk lapkfyr gksrh gSA fdUrq fiNys dqN
o"kksaZ ls eaf=e.My fuekZ.k esa fo'ks"kKksa dks ego fn;k tkus yxk gSA ;fn bl izof` Rr dks c<+k;k x;k vkSj eaf=e.My fuekZ.k
esa vf/kdkf/kd ;ksX;] izfrHkk'kkyh] yksdfiz; vkSj fo'ks"kKksa dks LFkku fn;k x;k rks iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk dk izHkkoh
fu;a=.k LFkkfir gks ldsxkA

116@

yksd iz'kklu

egoiw.kZ fcUnq

jktuhfrd dk;Zikfydk }kjk fufeZr uhfr;ksa dk f;kUo;u iz'kklfud dk;Zikfydk vFkok vf/kdkjh ra= }kjk fd;k
tkrk gSA
iz'kklfud dk;Zikfydk vius fd;s x;s d`R;ksa ds fy, laln ds izfr izR;{kRk% mkjnk;h ugha gSA
iz'kklfud lQyrkvksa&vlQyrkvksa dk mkjnkf;Ro lEcfU/kr foHkkx ds izHkkjh ea=h ;k dsfcusV dk gksrk gS vr%
iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk ds fu;a=.k dh vko';drk gSA
dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k ds lk/ku gSSa % jktuSfrd funsZ'k uhfr&fuekZ.k] ctV }kjk] iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr
o fu"dklu dk vf/kdkj] izR;k;ksftr fo/kku] v/;kns'k o yksd lsok lafgrk ds fuekZ.k }kjkA
dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k dh leL;k, gSa % eaf=;ksa dk p;u ;ksX;rk ds LFkku ij jktuhfrd vk/kkj ij gksrk gS] ea=h fo"k;
fo'ks"kK ugha gksrs] eaf=;ksa ds ikl le; dk vHkko] ljdkj dk vLFkkf;Ro] eaf=;ksa dh rqyuk esa iz'kkld vf/kd
dq'ky o fo'ks"kK gksus ds dkj.k izHkkoh ugha gks ikrkA

vH;klkFkZ iz'u
cgq p ;ukRed iz ' u
1 fuEu eas ls dkSulk lk/ku dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k ds vUrxZr ugha vkrk \
v fu;qfDr ,oa inP;qfr
c yksd lsok lafgrk
l ;kstuk,
n iz'udky

2 yksd iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk&fu;a=.k dh izHkko'khyrk fuEukafdr esa ls fdu fdu ij fuHkZj gS \
v yksd lsodksa rFkk eaf=;ksa ds chp lEcU/k
c eaf=;ksa ds vuqHko o ;ksX;rk,
l eaf=;ksa dk fo'ks"kK gksuk
n mijksDr lHkh

3 fuEukafdr esa ls dkSulk ,d rjhdk iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k dk ugha gS &
v lsok fu;e cukuk
c vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ltk nsuk
l f'kdk;rsa lquuk
n laln esa iz'kklu dks cpkuk

4 iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k dk lcls de izHkkoh lk/ku gS&
v dk;Zikfydk O;oLFkkiu
c ctVjh O;oLFkk
l v/;kns'k
n yksder ls vihy

5 fuEufyf[kr eas ls dkSulk lgh ugha gS &
lkoZtfud O;; ij fok ea=ky; bu pj.kksa esa viuk fu;a=.k j[krk gS&
v uhfr;ksa o dk;Zeksa dk lS)kfUrd :i ls vuqeksnu
c ctV vuqeku izko/kkuksa dh Lohd`fr
l iz'kklfud ea=ky;ksa dks izR;k;ksftr vf/kdkjksa dh 'krksZ ds vuqlkj O;; ls igys Lohd`fr nsuk
n vkUrfjd foRr lykgdkj dh fu;qfDr

vfr&y?kq kjkRed iz ' u
1- jktuSfrd dk;Zikfydk ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \
2- LFkkbZ dk;Zikfydk ls D;k vk'k; gS \
3- izR;k;ksftr fo/kku fdl dks iznRr fd;k x;k gS \
4- v/;kns'k dc o dkSu tkjh djrk gS \

iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k @ 117

y?kq kjkRed iz ' u


1- dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k ds pkj rjhds crkb;s \
2- fok ea=ky; iz'kklu ij fdl izdkj fu;a=.k djrk gS \
3- iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk fu;a=.k dh pkj leL;k, fyf[k;s \
fucU/kkRed iz ' u
1- iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk ds fu;a=.k ds lk/ku ,oa lhekvksa dk foospu dhft;s \
2- D;k iz'kklu ij dk;Zikfydk dk fu;a=.k izHkkoh gS \ iz'kklu ds le{k dk;Zikfyd fu;a=.k dh leL;kvksa dk
mYys[k dhft;sA

mkjekyk
1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n 5 n

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