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ENGLISH KNOWLEDGE EXAM

07.24.2013 Marjo Miettinen

SECTION I - SENTENCE CORRECTION Directions: This is a test of correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing answers, follow requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to acceptable usage in grammar, word choice, sentence construction, and punctuation. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence clear and exact, without wordiness or ambiguity. Do not make a choice that changes the meaning of the original sentence. In each of the sentences of this section, one portion is underlined. Beneath each sentence you will find five ways of writing the underlined part; the first of these always repeats the original, and the other four are all different. If you think the original sentence is better than any of the suggested changes, choose the first answer (A); otherwise, select the best revision.

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1. Heavy smoking and to overeat are activities which a heart patient must forego. A. B. C. D. E. Heavy smoking and to overeat Smoking heavily and to overeat To smoke heavily and overeating Heavy smoking and overeating Smoking heavy and to overeat

Because standard English requires the same grammatical form for two units connected by and, either smoking or to overeat must be changed to gain parallelism. Among the options offered, only the form Heavy smoking and overeating is parallel, and you would choose D.

35. Just as I was despairing, a nun passes by and whispers encouragement. A. passes by and whispers B. is passing by and whispered C. is passing by and whispers D. passed by and whispers E. passed by and whispered 36. Not being aware of the legal implications of his action, an arrest was made by the security guard. A. an arrest was made by the security guard. B. the security guard called the police to arrest the offender. C. the offender was arrested by the security guard. D. the security guard made an arrest. E. an arrest was made by the police. 37. Some couples are forbidden to divorce by religion, others are forbidden by social custom. A. others are forbidden by social custom. B. social custom forbids other couples. C. other couples are forbidden by social custom. D. others by social custom. E. social custom forbids others. 38. Amy couldnt decide whether to stay at home in Texas during her vacation or if she should go to visit her relatives in New York. A. vacation or if she should go to visit B. vacation; or to visit C. vacation or to visit D. vacation, or if she should go to visit E. vacation. Or if she should go to visit 39. When one becomes a secret agent, you dont write home very often. A. you dont write home very often. B. a person doesnt write home very often. C. she doesnt write home very often. D. one doesnt write home very often. E. people dont write home very often. 40. Every one of the communities under discussion have adequate school facilities. A. Every one of the communities under discussion have B. Every one of the communitys under discussion have C. Everyone of the communities under discussion have D. Every one of the communities under discussion has E. Every one of the communities under discussion has

41. The package, rectangular in shape, lay on the counter. A. The package, rectangular in shape, B. The rectangular package C. The package, shaped like a rectangle, D. The packaged rectangle E. The rectangularly-shaped package 42. After driving for most of the day, they decided to stop at twilight. Even though they were very close to their final destination. A. . Even though they B. . Even though, they C. ; even though they D. , even though they E. . They 43. Although many people who listen to rock music do not know where it comes from it is actually a musical descendent of the blues A. from it is B. from, it is C. from it is, D. from; it is E. from: it is 44. Actors who look badly on stage probably perform badly in movies. A. badly on stage probably perform badly in movies. B. badly on stage probably perform bad in movies. C. bad on stage probably probably perform as bad in movies. D. bad on stage probably perform badly in movies. E. bad on stage probably perform bad in movies.
45. Gladys wanted to go to the museum to see the relics displayed there with her sister Evelyn. A. to see the relics displayed there with her sister Evelyn. B. with her sister Evelyn to see the relics displayed there. C. to see, along with her sister Evelyn, the relics displayed there. D. to see her sister Evelyn, whose relics were displayed there. E. with the relics display to see her sister Evelyn.

46. When he walked into the classroom, the students were sitting at their desks, staring at the chalkboard. A. When he walked B. Walking C. While walking D. He walked E. His having walked

47. Less than a minute after he had finished steam cleaning the carpet, Steves dog tracked mud all through the house. A. he had finished steam cleaning the carpet, Steves dog B. he steam cleaned the carpet, Steves dog had C. he finished steam cleaning the carpet; Steves dog D. Steve had finished steam cleaning the carpet, his dog E. Steve steam cleaned the carpet, his dog had 48. We took the day off; because, it was so nice. A. ; because, B. , because C. because D. , because, E. ;
49. The driver asked would we move to the back of the bus to make room for people getting on. A. asked would we B. asked would we please, C. asked if we would D. asked us, if we would E. asked, would we

50. As my pace quickens, so does my breathing. A. As my pace quickens, so does my breathing. B. My breathing quickens like my pace. C. My pace and my breathing quicken. D. The pace quickening, my breathing quickens, too. E. As my pace quickens, my breathing quickens along with it. 51. Walking in the woods, spring wild flowers were seen. A. , spring wild flowers were seen. B. , we saw spring wild flowers. C. spring wild flowers were seen. D. , spring wild flowers could be seen blooming. E. wild flowers were springing to life. 52. The basement smelled musty and sometimes almost a rotten smell. A. The basement smelled musty and sometimes almost a rotten smell. B. The basement smelled mustily and sometimes almost rottenly. C. The basement smelled musty and sometimes almost rotten. D. The basement sometimes smelled musty and rotten. E. The basement smelled musty, and, sometimes, almost a rotten smell.

53. A tornado is a violent wind. One that takes the form of a funnel cloud. A. wind. One B. wind, one C. wind; one D. wind, it is one E. wind, 54. If you dont claim your prize, it will revert back to the pot for next weeks subsequent drawing. A. revert back to the pot for next weeks subsequent drawing. B. revert back to the pot for next weeks drawing. C. revert to the pot for next weeks subsequent drawing. D. revert to the pot for next weeks drawing. E. revert to next weeks drawing. 55. The reason he failed the quiz is that the assigned chapter wasnt read. A. that the assigned chapter wasnt read. B. that the assigned chapter was not read. C. because the assigned chapter was not read. D. that he didnt read the assigned chapter. E. because he didnt read the assigned chapter. 56. When my friends went to the employment office, they had closed early. A. office, they had closed early. B. office, they had closed, early. C. office; it had closed early. D. office, he/she had closed early. E. office, it had closed early. 57. Connie was about 5'4" tall, weight unknown, but she was slender. A. weight unknown, but she was slender. B. her weight unknown, but slender. C. and, weight unknown, but slender. D. and, although her weight was unknown, she was slender. E. and of unknown but slender weight. 58. The sun rising over the horizon and spread a warm glow over the meadow. A. rising over the horizon and spread B. rising over the horizon, and spread C. rose over the horizon and spread D. rising over the horizon, spread E. rising over the horizon and spreading

59. Stretched out in single file, the explorers climbed along a narrow path that seems very little used. A. along a narrow path that seems B. along a narrow path that seemed C. along a narrow path. That seemed D. their way along a narrow path, E. along, seemingly, on a narrow path 60. When a person moves every year, one cannot expect them to develop civic pride. A. When a person moves every year, one cannot expect them B. When a person moves every year, he or she cannot expect them C. When people move every year, they cannot expect him or her D. When people move every year, one cannot expect them E. When you move every year, one cannot be expected

SECTION III - READING COMPREHENSION Directions: The passages below are followed by questions on the vocabulary, style, and meaning of the passages. After reading each passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions in terms of the context within the passage.

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He had reached that low point in the life of an assistant district attorney in the Bronx when he is assailed by Doubts. Every year forty thousand people, forty thousand incompetents, dimwits, alcoholics, psychopaths, knockabouts, good souls driven to some terrible terminal anger, and people who could only be described as stone evil, were arrested in the Bronx. Seven thousand of them were indicted and arraigned, and then they entered the maw of the criminal justice system--right here--through the gateway into Gibraltar, where the vans were lined up. That was about 150 new cases, 150 more pumping hearts and morose glares, every week that the courts and the Bronx County District Attorneys Office were open. And to what end? The same stupid, dismal, pathetic, horrifying crimes were committed day in and day out, all the same. What was accomplished by assistant D.A.s, by any of them, through all this relentless stirring of the muck? The Bronx crumbled and decayed a little more, and a little more blood dried in the cracks. The Doubts! One thing was accomplished for sure. The system was fed, and those vans brought in the chow, Fifty judges, thirty-five law clerks, 245 assistant district attorneys, one D.A. and who knows how many criminal lawyers, Legal Aid lawyers, court reporters, court clerks, court officers, correction officers, probation officers, social workers, bail bondsmen, special investigators, case clerks, court psychiatrists--what a vast swarm had to be fed! And every morning the chow came in, the chow and the Doubts. Tom Wolfe, The Bonfire of the Vanities

61. In line 6, Gibraltar probably refers to A. an insurance company. B. a police station. C. a British colony. D. a courthouse. E. a rocky area. 62. In line 9, all the same, in the context of the passage, conveys the sense that A. all crimes are alike. B. all criminals are alike. C. crimes were repeated because of the criminal justice system. D. crime continued despite the efforts of the criminal justice system. E. crime continued in keeping with the standards set by the criminal justice system. 63. In line 12, Doubts implies that A. the wrong people are being arrested. B. the police arrest too many people. C. the District Attorneys Office employs too many people. D. the District Attorneys Office should work harder. E. the criminal justice system doesnt improve the quality of life in the Bronx. 64. In lines 13 and 17, chow metaphorically indicates that A. the criminal justice system views defendants as dogs. B. defendants are necessary to the criminal justice system. C. the assistant district attorneys sympathize with the people they prosecute. D. defendants give people in the criminal justice system food for thought. E. defendants are ridiculed by the assistant district attorneys.

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But it is time that we pass to some of the advantages of size. One of the most obvious is that it enables one to keep warm. All warm-blooded animals at rest lose the same amount of heat from a unit area of skin, for which purpose they need a food-supply proportional to their surface and not to their weight. Five thousand mice weigh as much as a man. Their combined surface and food or oxygen consumption are about seventeen times a mans. In fact a mouse eats about one quarter its own weight of food every day, which is mainly used in keeping it warm. For these reasons, small animals cannot live in cold countries. In the arctic regions there are no reptiles or amphibians, and no small mammals. The smallest mammal in Spitzbergen is the fox. The small birds fly away in winter, while the insects die, though their eggs can survive six months or more of frost. The most successful mammals are bears, seals, and walruses.

J. B. S. Haldane, On Being the Right Size, 1928.

65. According to the author, all warm-blooded animals A. need a food supply proportional to their weight. B. eat only to stay warm. C. can keep warm in all geographical locations. D. expend the same amount of energy in a given unit of time. E. give off heat at an equal rate from a unit area of skin. 66. The author implies that for his purpose the main similarity shared by bears, seals, and walruses is that A. they are warm-blooded. B. they live in cold climates. C. they are meat eaters. D. they are large. E. their surface is proportionate to their weight. 67. This paragraph suggests that the previous paragraphs in this essay, On Being the Right Size, were about A. the advantages of living in cold climates. B. the advantages of living in warm climates. C. the difficulties associated with being large. D. cold-blooded creatures. E. mammals that have become extinct. 68. This paragraph is developed by A. comparing warm and cold-blooded animals. B. stating facts and some consequences that follow from them. C. giving reasons to support an argumentative proposition. D. listing the causes of animal eating patterns. E. dividing a concept (animals) into some of its parts. 69. From this passage one may infer that Spitzbergen in line 8 is A. a European city. B. a wildlife refuge. C. an arctic research station. D. a small country. E. a very cold place.

In the 1930s Hollywood moguls turned Brazilian singer Carmen Miranda into an American movi e star. They were trying to aid President Franklin Roosevelts efforts to promote friendlier relations between the United States and Latin America. When the fruit executives then drew on Carmen Mirandas popular Latinized female image, Chiquita Banana, to create a logo for their 5 imported bananas, they were trying to construct a new, intimate relationship between American housewives and a multinational plantation company. With her famous fruited hats and vivacious screen presence, Carmen Miranda was used by American men to reshape international relations. Carmen Miranda alerts us to the fact that it would be a mistake to confine an investigation of regional politics or international agribusiness to male foreign-policy officials, male company 10 executives and male plantation owners. Omitting sexualized images, women as consumers, and women as agribusiness workers leaves us with a political analysis that is incomplete, even naive. Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases, 1990.

70. According to the passage, Carmen Miranda began her career as a A. movie star. B. Brazilian singer. C. symbol for a large plantation. D. ambassador from Latin America. E. sexualized image.
71. According to the author, Carmen Miranda was introduced to American movies in order to A. promote sexuality. B. sell bananas. C. help improve relations between the American government and the movie tycoons. D. help improve relations between the United States and Latin America. E. help President Roosevelt win reelection.

72. In line 1, moguls most nearly means A. movie stars. B. politicians. C. executives. D. immigrants. E. male foreign policy officials. 73. In line 4, the word Latinized means A. ancient. B. South American. C. sexy. D. exploited. E. Roman. 74. In the passage, the story of Carmen Miranda contributes to the overall meaning as A. a comparison. B. a contrast. C. a metaphor. D. an analogy. E. an example.

In Search of Our Mothers Gardens And I remember people coming to my mothers yard to be given cuttings from her flowers; I hear again the praise showered on her because whatever rocky soil she landed on, she turned into a garden. A garden so brilliant with colors, so original in its design, so magnificent with life and creativity, that to this day people drive by our house in Georgiaperfect strangers and 5 imperfect strangersand ask to stand or walk among my mothers art. I notice that it is only when my mother is working in her flowers that she is radiant, almost to the point of being invisibleexcept as Creator: hand and eye. She is involved in work her soul must have. Ordering the universe in the image of her personal conception of Beauty. Her face, as she prepares the Art that is her gift, is a legacy of respect she leaves to me, for 10 all that illuminates and cherishes life. She has handed down respect for the possibilitiesand the will to grasp them. For her, so hindered and intruded upon in so many ways, being an artist has still been a daily part of her life. This ability to hold on, even in very simple ways, is work black women have done for a very long time.
Alice Walker, from In Search of Our Mothers Gardens, 1983.

75. The authors mother creates gardens because A. many people admire her flowers. B. she likes to give her flowers away. C. her soul needs to create beauty. D. she needs a hobby. E. the author likes to walk in her garden. 76. The tone of the passage is A. respectful. B. objective. C. bitter. D. ironic. E. sarcastic. 77. The reference to Creator in line 7 A. suggests that the mother credits God for her talent. B. suggests that the mother is God-like in her ordering of the universe. C. suggests that the mother is invisible when she is gardening. D. explains the religious legacy which the mother has passed to the author. E. explains the supernatural source for the radiance which surrounds the mother.
78. In the last two lines, work black women have done for a very long time refers to A. persevering in the face of difficulty. B. doing artistic yard work. C. setting a good example for children. D. sharing creations with others. E. being expected to work very hard.

79. The legacy given to the author by her mother is respect for A. the admiration of perfect strangers. B. the will to grasp lifes possibilities. C. all gardeners. D. her mothers religion. E. art as ornamentation.

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These days I am often asked what I did in Tehran as bombs fell during the Iran-Iraq war. My interlocutors are invariably surprised, if not shocked, when I tell them that I read James, Eliot, Plath and great Persian poets like Rumi and Hafez. Yet it is precisely during such times, when our lives are transformed by violence, that we need works of imagination to confirm our faith in humanity, to find hope amid the rubble of a hopeless world. Memoirs from concentration camps and the gulag attest to this. I keep returning to the words of Leon Staff, a Polish poet who lived in the Warsaw ghetto: Even more than bread we now need poetry, in a time when it seems that it is not needed at all. My Tehran classroom at times overflowed with students who ignored the warnings about Iraqs chemical bombs so they could reckon with Tolstoys ability to defamiliarize (a term coined by the Russian Formalist critics) everyday reality and offer it to us through new eyes. The excitement that came from discovering a hidden truth about Anna Karenina told me that Iraqi missiles had not succeeded in their mission. Indeed, the more Saddam Hussein wanted us to be defined by terror, the more we craved beauty. If I felt compelled to keep reading the classics, it was in order to see the light in the eyes of my students. I remember two young women, clad from head to toe in black chadors, looking as if nothing in the world mattered more than the idea that Pride and Prejudice was subversive because it taught us about our right to make our own choices. Azar Nafisi, Words of War

80. The main idea of this passage is that A. literature becomes superfluous in the face of war and violence. B. the Iran-Iraq war was eerily similar to life in the Warsaw ghetto. C. literature provides empty but nonetheless welcome escapist entertainment during times of war. D. war and repression highlight and promote peoples need for the arts. E. the authors students in Tehran were remarkably eager to learn. 81. The quote from Leon Staff (lines 7-8) most directly expresses a central A. apparent contradiction. B. metaphor. C. simile. D. coincidence. E. exaggeration. 82. The authors primary motive for continuing his wartime teaching of classic texts was apparently A. to earn a living during difficult times. B. to distract his students from important issues. C. to inspire his students. D. to further Iranian goals in the war. E. to enhance his own understanding of the origins of violence. 83. The sentiment expressed in lines 15-18 is that A. Iranian women hate wearing chadors, symbols of their oppression. B. Iran has produced no literature of its own and is dependent on Western models. C. prejudice against other cultures is unwarranted. D. the writers students were unconcerned with current events. E. great literature has the capacity to liberate the human spirit.

Since time immemorial, people have speculated what the world was made of. The Greeks thought that the universe was made of four elements: water, air, earth, and fire. The philosopher Democritus believed that even these could be broken down into smaller units, which he called atoms. But attempts to explain how atoms could create 5 the vast, wondrous diversity of matter we see in Nature always faltered. Even Newton, who discovered the cosmic laws which guided the motion of planets and moons, was at a loss to explain the bewildering nature of matter. All this changed in 1925 with the birth of the quantum theory, which has unleashed a thundering tidal wave of scientific discovery that continues to surge unabated 10 to this day. The quantum revolution has now given us an almost complete description of matter, allowing us to describe the seemingly infinite multiplicity of matter we see arrayed around us in terms of a handful of particles, in the same way that a richly decorated tapestry is woven from a few colored strands. Michio Kaku, Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21 Century
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84. The main purpose of this passage is to explain A. how the Greeks were wrong about the elements. B. the history of scientific thought. C. the limits of Newtons accomplishments. D. the importance of the quantum theory. E. the basic elements of the quantum theory. 85. The intended audience for this passage is most likely A. professional scientists. B. general readers interested in science. C. science teachers. D. historians of science. E. people already familiar with the quantum theory. 86. The phrase thundering tidal wave (line 9) is used to A. emphasize the impact of the quantum theory. B. make fun of the exaggerated claims made for the quantum theory. C. provide a comparison between the quantum theory and earlier theories. D. show that scientists are overwhelmed by the complexity of the quantum theory. E. show how the quantum theory works. 87. The end of the last sentence is meant to A. demonstrate the complexity of the quantum theory. B. explain the controversy surrounding the quantum theory. C. show the incompleteness of the quantum theory. D. provide a visual comparison for an abstract concept. E. argue that the quantum theory is hardly a revolution. 88. The passage asserts that the quantum theory A. has largely been discredited. B. has as many flaws as earlier theories. C. has succeeded where earlier efforts failed. D. explains the aspects of planetary motion that baffled Newton. E. is still in its infancy.

In a recent New York Times Sunday magazine article on school textbooks, writer Robert Reinhold described Californias new history series as . . . filled with colorful charts, graphs, time lines, maps, photographs in a format suggestive of the newspaper USA Today. There it is again. Since when did USA Today become the national design ideal? Everywhere you look you 5 find USA Today used as an analogy to describe a noteworthy design format. Making ideas accessible is the operative term for the information age. But too often information is drained of its significance in the name of accessibility. Some things are designed for reading: scholarly journals, literary reviews, financial pages, and their ilk are fairly impenetrable to the casual page flipper. Other objects like USA 10 Today, annual reports, fashion magazines, and so on are for looking. (Havent you heard in the course of a design project someone say, only half in jest, No one actually reads the copy, just make it look good.) Then there are the gray areas. These include newsmagazines and textbooks, which imply reading but are increasingly about looking. If you compare Time or Newsweek or a fifth grade schoolbook of twenty years ago to their present incarnations, the change is remark15 able. The headlines are bigger, the captions are bigger, the photographs, charts, and call-outs

are all bigger. Something had to go, someone must have decided, and what went was the text.

Michael Rock, Since When Did USA Today Become the National Design Ideal?

89. Who is the most likely audience for this passage? A. Readers of USA Today. B. Public officials who regulate communication. C. Reporters for USA Today. D. People who design texts for publication. E. School administrators. 90. What is the best way to describe the effect USA Today has had on other publications, according to the author? A. It has made them more readable and interesting. B. It has caused newspapers and magazines to lose readers. C. It has lowered their standards to emphasize visual style over substance. D. It has suggested ways in which they can emphasize reading over looking. E. It has forced them to become more competitive in order to stay in business. 91. What term best represents the meaning of copy (line 11)? A. writing B. captions C. design D. imitation E. pictures 92. Of the following types of publications, on which one has USA Today had the most visible impact, according to this passage? A. newspapers B. fashion magazines C. scholarly journals D. textbooks E. annual reports 93. The author is trying to draw attention to A. changes in the publishing industry due to technological innovation. B. the problem of publications that sacrifice depth of ideas for readability. C. the importance of communicating ideas clearly to all readers. D. the irresistible push for everything to be bigger and better. E. the impact of reading in our society in general.

No single invention changed the landscape and the character of the American West as much as barbed wire. After the Civil War, the western territories began to fill up with homesteaderssmall ranchers and farmers whose livelihood depended on keeping free-roaming herds of cattle off their property. Split-rail fences of the type that were used back east were impractical on the 5 treeless plains, and experience demonstrated that simple wire fences could not discourage a determined cow. In 1874 a clever Illinois farmer named Joseph F. Glidden devised an efficient method of attaching pointed barbs to interwoven strands of ordinary wire. Soon other inventors were developing variations on his idea. Their combined efforts had a momentous effect: The wide open plains could 10 now be fenced economically and subdivided into small parcels. Cattle barons, who had long regarded the vast stretches of western rangeland as their private domain, did not take kindly to this development. Using hired guns to carry out their dirty work, they began a widespread campaign of vandalism, intimidation, and even murder against fence-building homesteaders. But they could not stem the tide of change: With the strength of 15 numbers and the weight of the law on their side, the homesteaders prevailed.

Time-Life Books Editors, The American Story: Settling the West,155.

94. The main point of this passage is that barbed wire fences A. hurt the American economy. B. ruined the land in the American West. C. made a huge impact on the make-up of the American West. D. made inventors rich. E. caused problems between settlers. 95. According to the passage, barbed wire fences A. were economical. B. replaced split-rail fences. C. were built by cattle barons. D. were against the law. E. were slightly better than simple wire fences. 96. According to the passage, cattle barons A. preferred split-rail fences to barbed wire fences. B. were in favor of change. C. outnumbered homesteaders. D. believed rangeland belonged to them. E. were intimidated by homesteaders who used barbed wire fences.
97. In the context of the passage, the word momentous (line 9) most likely means A. a moment in time. B. comforting. C. significant. D. small. E. inspirational.

98. This passage is primarily made up of A. facts. B. comparisons. C. generalizations. D. arguments. E. speculations. 99. The tone of this passage can best be described as A. sarcastic. B. objective. C. critical. D. argumentative. E. philosophical.

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Neurobiology, the study of the brain and its behavior, is one of the fastest growing of the biological sciences today. Electrical recording devices can be inserted even into single cells within the brain; the electron microscope can be used for fine study of the brain structures; and biochemical techniques are available for detecting changes in the brains of experimental animals as they learn. All of these have contributed to an increasing understanding of the relationship between brain structure and function, and of the control processes which govern the relationships between the brain and the rest of the body, and between both of these and behavior. People often ask to what extent the operation of an animal or a human brain is predictable and manipulable--to what extent the brain is like a computer. We can describe the operation of the brain in terms of information theory, which has also been used in the design of computers, and quite a few research workers today believe that it would be possible to understand more of the mechanism of the brain if we could make mathematical models of the interactions of individual nerve cells. . . . The comparison with computers is a valuable analogy of the sort that is useful in stimulating scientific research and understanding, but the most powerful computers yet built are not really capable of showing the intelligence of a worm, still less of a human being. Nonetheless, if we understand computers, we may learn more about the brain, and by studying the brain we may well discover how to build better computers.

Cells and Organisms Science Foundation Course Team The Open University, Walton Hall Bletchley, Buckinghamshire Great Britain

100. The word analogy in line 13 most nearly means A. experiment. B. function. C. structure. D. comparison. E. cause. 101. The first paragraph states that there are A. detectable changes in the brains of animals as they learn. B. changes in the size of the brains of animals as they learn. C. microscopic electronic changes in animal brain cells during learning. D. changes in the relationship between brain and behavior as animals learn. E. no changes in the brains of animals as they learn. 102. The third paragraph implies that the most powerful computers A. are smarter than the most intelligent human being. B. promise to solve the riddle of brain structure and function. C. are incapable of human intelligence. D. utilize electronic and biochemical techniques. E. will worm their way into more scientific research. 103. The passage implies that if we could make mathematical models of the interactions of brain cells, we would A. reach a greater understanding of the brain. B. no longer need electron microscopes and biochemical techniques. C. dictate human behavior absolutely. D. move beyond the use of the worm as an experimental animal. E. be able to insert electrical recording devices even into single brain cells. 104. The passage describes the relationship between neurobiology and computer science as A. competitive. B. mutually helpful. C. a relation of an art to a science. D. a relation of a young science to a mature one. E. a relation of a fast growing science to a static one.

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// END OF THIS SECTION> GRADE FROM UW ANSWER KEY

Page 30 IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER

Speaking already
Q1 Can you hear what he is ....... (a) saying Q2 She hasn't come home ....... (a) still Q3 I ....... (a) saw Q4 We live ....... the city centre. (a) near Q5 She looks ....... (a) as Q6 (b) next a famous film star. (b) like ....... news. (c) least (d) later (c) similar (d) same (c) by (d) nearby ? (b) speaking . (b) already TV yesterday evening. (b) looked (c) viewed (d) watched (c) yet (d) till (c) telling (d) talking

This television gives you the (a) last

(b) latest ....... one mistake in last night's test. (b) done truth. (b) exact

Q7

I only

(a) made Q8 I want you to tell me the ....... (a) all Q9

(c) did

(d) make

(c) real

(d) whole

He is looking ....... a present to buy his girlfriend. (a) for (b) at Christmas. (b) at (c) in (d) on (c) in (d) on

Q10 That's what I would like ....... (a) for

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Adding Up
Q1 I cannot understand why she did that, it really doesn't add up. (a) doesn't calculate (c) doesn't make sense Q2 (b) isn't mathematics (d) makes the wrong addition

All the students got high marks in the test but Mary stood out. (a) got a lot of marks (c) got very good marks (b) got higher marks than someone (d) got the most marks of all

Q3

He has sold his house and has no job and so now he has next to nothing. (a) he is unemployed (c) he has a few things (b) he has almost no money (d) he has nothing at all

Q4

As a newspaper reporter she always wanted to get information at first hand. (a) quickly (b) slowly (c) easily (d) directly

Q5

I think we can safely say now that we have got our money back, we are home and dry. (a) have not got wet (c) have been successful (b) have got no water (d) have got home dry

Q6

He is the man who owns all the land and is the big fish around here. (a) the fat man (b) the huge man (c) the important man (d) the enormous man

Q7

She never stops talking about herself and is full of herself. (a) is very fat (b) is too fat (c) is very full (d) is very conceited

Q8

You will not slip over because the floor is as dry as a bone. (a) completely hard (b) extremely flat (c) totally dry (d) completely cracked

Q9

He kept saying he didn't do it but in the end he said he had done it. (a) at the end (b) finally (c) at last (d) by the end

Q10 I know you are very sorry that you broke the pot but accidents will happen. (a) things will take place (c) things take place often (b) things do occur (d) things often go wrong

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English Animal Idioms
Q1 There are times when you must decide and take the bull by the horns. (a) make the right decision (c) make a bold decision Q2 (b) make the wrong decision (d) make a final decision

He leads a dog's life really because his freedom is always curtailed. (a) never knows what to do (c) never goes out (b) sometimes does something wrong (d) never does what he wants

Q3

No-one ever mentions him because he's regarded as the black sheep of the family. (a) the one with a sense of humour (c) the one who is always late (b) the one with a bad reputation (d) the one who never washes

Q4

I shouldn't go outside without a raincoat because it's raining cats and dogs. (a) it's just started to rain (c) it's raining very heavily (b) it's going to rain (d) it's raining a little

Q5

You shouldn't sign there I think he's about to make a monkey out of you. (a) to make a fool of you (c) to make you feel stupid (b) to make you lose money (d) to make you lose interest

Q6

It's a lovely house and very big but nobody uses it so it's a bit of a white elephant. (a) something very beautiful and useful (c) something very cheap and useless (b) something very big and useful (d) something very expensive and useless

Q7

When the business folded, he took the lion's share of the assets. (a) the easiest part (b) the smallest part (c) the biggest part (d) the only part

Q8

Without my glasses I can't see where I'm going in fact I'm as blind as a bat. (a) very short sighted (b) very long sighted (c) very far sighted (d) very clear sighted

Q9

I get very irritated sometimes because they're always up with the lark and I like to lie in. (a) up very easily (b) up very early (c) up very often (d) up very noisily

Q10 I would advise you to do that as well and in that way you'll kill two birds with one stone. (a) get things done twice (c) get two things done at the same time (b) get something done two times (d) get two things done twice

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Up to his ears
Q1 He's up to his ears in work and cannot possibly see you now. (a) fully occupied with Q2 (b) very interested in (c) not involved with (d) concerned with

If you give me a hand, then I shall be able to finish more quickly. (a) take my hand (b) help me (c) take my fingers (d) pick me up

Q3

I prefer to talk to people face to face rather than to talk on the phone. (a) in person (b) facing them (c) looking at them (d) seeing them

Q4

The manager dismissed the new proposal out of hand and said that it was not at all practical. (a) quickly (b) utterly (c) directly (d) simply

Q5

As she is new to the job I would ask you to keep an eye on her for the time being. (a) look at (b) consider (c) check (d) observe

Q6

The opposition in parliament accused the government of playing games and refusing to accept the seriousness of the situation. (a) being light hearted (b) being heavy hearted (c) being down hearted (d) being faint hearted

Q7

He accused her of talking through her hat and refused to accept a word of what she said. (a) talking sense (b) talking straight (c) talking nonsense (d) talking tough

Q8

The police advised them to go down to the cellar in order to be out of harm's way. (a) away from the noise (b) inside the area (c) into safety (d) away from danger

Q9

I'd give my right arm if I could get tickets for that concert. (a) do absolutely anything (c) do something stupid (b) do something dangerous (d) do what you want

Q10 You can always rely on Fred to put his foot in it and come out with a remark like that. (a) tread on somebody (c) say something embarrassing (b) fall over (d) put on the wrong shoe

English as a Second Language Test Review Sheet

(For students whose first language is not English)
Reading Skills The ESL Reading Skills test measures your ability to read English. Specifically, it assesses your comprehension of short passages. It contains brief passages of 50 words or less and moderate length passages of 50 to 90 words. Half of this test contains straightforward comprehension items (paraphrase, locating information, vocabulary on a phrase level, and pronoun reference). The other half assesses inference skills (main idea, fact versus opinion, cause/effect logic, identifying irrelevant information, authors point of view, and applying the authors logic to another situation). Sample Questions 1. Television has been introduced to almost every country in the world, reaching a large number of viewers on every continent. About 600 million people saw the first person walk on the moon, and a billion people watched the twentieth Olympic Games. Television has in many ways promoted understanding and cooperation among people. It does this by showing educational and cultural programs. According to the passage, which of the following is true? O Television is watched in nearly every country. O Not everybody who had a television set could watch the 1998 World Cup finals. O Watching television makes people dissatisfied with their own lives. O Television was invented in 1980. 2. Janets parents bought her a new sports car as a birthday present. It was blue. Janet sold her 7year -old blue pickup truck to a high school student. The truck could not go very fast, but the student was happy with it. According to the passage, which of these statements is true? O Janet bought a pickup truck and a sports car. O The pickup truck was faster than the sports car. O The high school student traded cars with Janet. O The pickup truck was older than the sports car. 3. Some of Edward Westons black-and-white photographs of American nature scenes are considered superb examples of visual art. Indeed, some of his photographs have commanded top prices at art galleries. Which of the following best characterizes Westons photographs? O They belong to famous collectors. O They have been sold in art galleries for large sums of money. O They introduced many Americans to visual art. O They contrast American cities with natural settings. 4. Speaking to a group of people can be a frightening experience. Some speakers cope by looking above the heads of the audience. Others try to imagine that they are talking to a friend. A few try picturing the audience in some non-threatening way, such as in their pajamas. The author of the passage assumes that speakers should O feel comfortable when addressing an audience. O scare the audience.

O encourage people to talk during the speech. O speak only to familiar people. 5. People have different ways of learning. Some are better at making mental pictures of new ideas. Others are more comfortable with writing lists of things to memorize. Certain people can learn best when listening to music, while others need silence to concentrate. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? O Mental pictures help many to learn. O Some people prefer lists to making mental pictures. O To learn well you need to be comfortable. O Different individuals have different ways of acquiring information. 6. Before giving first aid to an accident victim, you should obtain his or her consent. Asking for consent takes a simple question. Say to the victim, I know first aid, and I can help you until an ambulance arrives. Is that okay? Asking for consent means asking for 1 permission to help the victim. 2 thanks from the victim. C. help from onlookers. D. information about the victims injuries. 7. Jane and Paul are busy for 15 hours a day, 5 days a week going to college and working in a restaurant. They go to sleep at 11 p.m. every day, but on Sunday they take part in dance lessons. According to the passage, Jane and Paul spend most of their time O at home. O going to college and working. O taking part in dance lessons. O sleeping. 8. If you hold a piece of copper wire over the flame of a match, heat will be conducted by the copper wire to your fingers, and you will be forced to drop the wire. You will, however, still be able to hold the match because the match is a poor conductor of heat. Anyone, child or adult, can try this simple experiment. Which of the following is implied in the passage above? O Copper is a good conductor of heat. O A match and copper conduct heat equally. O A match is an excellent conductor of heat. O Matches should be kept out of the reach of small children. 9. Many people own different pets. Dogs, cats, birds, and fish are common household pets. Others pets are considered to be exotic animals. These include snakes, lizards, and hedgehogs. Snakes are O uncommon pets. O likely to be found in a household with dogs. O found only in zoos. O not allowed in peoples homes. 10. Cesar Chavez was an influential leader for farmworkers. He fought for their rights and better working conditions. Chavez led many strikes that angered farm owners. Eventually he succeeded in getting increased wages and improved living situations for farmworkers. Chavez changed lives because he O helped the farmers get more workers. O worked for the farmers. O helped work on the farms every day. O changed the conditions for the farmworkers.

Sentence Meaning The ESL Sentence Meaning test measures how well you understand the meaning of sentences in English. It assesses the understanding of word meanings in one- or two-sentence contexts. The sentences are drawn from the subject areas of natural science, history/social studies, arts/humanities, psychology/human relations, and practical situations. There are four content areas measured: (a) Particle, Phrasal Verbs, Prepositions of Direction; (b) Adverbs, Adjectives, Connectives Sequence; (c) Basic Nouns and Verbs; and (d) Basic and Important Idioms. Sample Questions The sentence below has a blank space. Choose the word or phrase that makes the sentence meaningful and correct. 1. Shikibu Murasaki, who wrote almost a thousand years ago, was one of the worlds ____ novelists. O most early O too early O more early earliest 2. The Chang children ____ their parents by making sandwiches for the whole family. O helped out O helped with O helps for O helps to 3. As demonstrated by his last album, which was released after his death, Ibrahim Ferrer ____ one of the most beautiful voices in Latin music. O had O have O have had O having 11 After we saw the play, we had different opinions ____ Janes performance. about O at O for O towards

Each problem contains one or two sentences followed by a question. Choose the correct answer to the question. 5. Elena found a tomato that was much bigger than all the others in the garden. How did the tomato compare to the others in the garden? O It was the smallest. O It was not very large. O It was larger than some. O It was the largest. 6. When the popular entertainer canceled her appearance, the Latin American festival was postponed indefinitely. When will the festival likely take place? O Tonight O Tomorrow O Next week O Many weeks later

7. Janet is never late to meet her friends, and sometimes arrives early. Which best describes Janet? O Lonely O Punctual O Talkative O Tardy 8. Bram Stoker is best known for his classic horror novel Dracula, which was published in 1897. What did Bram Stoker do? O He was a doctor. O He was a merchant. O He was a writer. O He was an engineer. 9. Exhausted from her transatlantic flight, Judy could not stay up past 9 p.m. What did Judy do at 9 p.m.? O Leave work O Come home from the airport O Lose her enthusiasm O Go to bed 10. This semester many students are enrolled in a new course, African Dance, which is being taught by a firsttime instructor, Sheila Duncan. How long has the university offered the African dance class? O For a short time O For many years O For an entire school year O On and off for a while

Language Use The ESL Language Use test measures your proficiency in using correct grammar in English sentences. There are five content areas measured on this test: (a) Nouns, Pronouns, Pronoun Case Structure; (b) Subject Verb Agreement; (c) Comparatives, Adverbs, Adjectives; (d) Verbs; and (e) Subordination/Coordination. Sample Questions The sentence below has a blank space. Choose the word or phrase that makes a grammatically correct sentence. 75. _____ washing her sweater, Mary hung it up to dry. O After O Before O By O Until 76. Some day men and women _____ to Mars. O will travel O will travels O will traveling O will traveled 3. Water _____ at a temperature of zero degrees Celsius. O having frozen

O freezing O freeze O freezes 4. _____ get a new haircut? O Have you O Does you O Are you O Did you 5. Jacques Cousteau will be remembered for his inventions and for _____ to marine science. O dedication O his dedication O being dedicated O his being dedicated 6. Since my parents always insist that I get a good nights sleep, they were _____ when I stayed out last night past my curfew. O very happy O very relieved O very tired O very angry Read the two sentences below and choose the best way of combining them. 7. Her puppy ran out into the street chasing a cat. The owner quickly went to retrieve it. O The owner quickly went to retrieve it after a cat was chased into the street by her puppy. O The owner quickly retrieved it after her puppy chased a cat into the street. O When her puppy ran into the street after a cat, the owner quickly went to retrieve the puppy. O Quickly retrieving it, the owner went quickly after her puppy that ran out into the street after a cat. 8. Lisa plays the piano. Her sister Kelly plays the piano, too. O Lisa and her sister Kelly plays the piano. O Both Lisa and her sister Kelly play the piano. O Lisa plays the piano and Kelly plays the piano. O Lisa and Kelly too play the piano. 9. The road was slippery. We put chains on the tires. O Although the road was slippery, we put chains on the tires. O The road became slippery when we put chains on the tires. O We put chains on the tires because the road was slippery. O Putting chains on the tires, the road we were on was slippery.
10. Kazuko took her dog for a walk. They went to the park. O Kazuko, going to the park, took her dog for a walk. O Kazuko took her dog for a walk in the park. O Kazuko took her dog for a walk because they went to the park. O Kazuko and her dog went to the park, where they walked