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March-April 2013 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) 1

Volume 3, No. 2 www.Yang-Sheng.com (ISSN: 2326-277X) March-April, 2013
Yang-Sheng Editorial Board TABLE OF CONTENTS
Publisher/Editor: Kevin W Chen, Ph.D.
From the Editor 㕆㘵Ⲵ䈍 .………….…………………………..…..….…...………..……... 4
Editor-in-Chief: Michelle Wood
Associate Editors: East West Perspective ь㾯ᯩѻ㿲⛩ …….….……………...…...…..………..……....…. 5
Master Mantak Chia Mindfulness in a Twittering World by Debi Dunn, MDA & Andrea Delligatti, Ph.D.
Helen Hu, L.Ac. OMD
Roger Jahnke, OMD, L.Ac.
Rebecca Kali
The Daily Daoist .ᰕᑨ䚃ᇦ…………………………………………….……..….… 8
Joy E. Staller, B.A Tai Chi: Got Gong by Jessica Sommar, MSc
Solala Towler
Christina J. Barea Research Update 、⹄ ࣘᘱ ………...………..…...…………………………….. 10
Medical Editor: Sharon Montes, MD. Mind-Body Medicine Research Update by Kevin W Chen, Ph.D.
Web Master: Rena Reese Taiji and Science ཚᶱо、ᆖ.. …….…...……..………...……..…….………. 16
Assistant Layout Manager: Melissa Moore
To Move or Not To Move by Chun Man Sit
Columnists:
Ken Andes, L.Ac. D.Ac.
Cindy Borgonzi-Areglado
Daoist Internal Alchemy䚃ᇦ޵ѩᵟ…………………….…..…………….... 18
Eric Borreson  Sexual Alchemy: Female Blue Water Snake Year by Michael WInn
Timothy Booth
Shawn Cartwright, MBA. Ancient Wisdom ࡽӪᲪភ ……......................................................................... . 24
Salvatore Casano, R.N. Ph.D.
Cindy Cicero Chinese Wisdom For Yang Sheng by Helen Hu, OMD
Chris D’Adamo, Ph.D.
Felice Dunas, Ph.D. Featured Article…………………... ……………...………..…..…….……….. 26
Marty Eisen, Ph.D. Taiji as a Shared Bodily Expereince by Mauro Carboni
Ginger Garner, MPT, ACT
Chiuan Gee Meditation in Motion ࣘѝߕᜣ…………..………..……………..……………. 34
Nadia Linda Hole, M.D. Taiji and Meditation by Eric Borreson
Dan Kleiman
Ellasara Kling
Aihan Kuhn, CMD, Dipl., OBT Method of Self Healing 㠚᜸⌅…………………………………….…...…… . 35
Linda Lazarus, L.D. The Traditional Yang Family Tai Chi Chuan Curriculum by Renee Navarro
Lilly Lei, M.D.
Violet Li Cultivating the Mind ޫᗳᮻ … ………………………..……….……...……… 39
Phoenix Liu, Ph.D.
George Xavier Love, OMD Meditation: The Priority of Yang Xin: Food, Mood and Move by Shiuan Gee
Li-Jun Ma, MDୈPh.D.
Elizabeth Mackenzie, Ph.D. Breathing In The Life…………..………….……………………..…………... 41
Mark Melchiorre, L.Ac. Is Stress Making You Sick and Sad?
Steffany Moonas, Ph.D.
Narij Naik, M.Pharm. by Ginger Garner MPT, ATC & Tianna Meriage-Reiter, DPT, PYT
Mika Ono
Rodney J. Owen Scientific Qi Exploration ≄Ⲵ、ᆖ᧒㍒……………………..……………… 45
Rebekah F. Owens, LMT
Rena Reese, M.S. Horary Cycle’s Qi Pathways from 3 a.m. to 3 p.m. by Marty Eisen
Michael Rinaldini
Andy Rosenfarb, L.Ac. From The Doctor ५⭏ѻデ ..………………………..……………….………... . 49
Chun Man Sit
Jessica Sommar, MSc. Remembrance, Pele, & Qi Give us this day Our Daily Med by Dr. Nadia Hole
Michael Winn
Yuan Wang, OMD Seasonal Harmony ᆓ㢲Ⲵ઼䉀 ………………………… ..................................... 52
Yang Yang, Ph.D.
Tina Chunna Zhang It’s Summer by Ellasara Kling
Sam Zhao
Qigong News........................... …….………..………………..………….…...… 56
Consulting Editors: Qigong For Veterans
Master Kenneth Cohen
Effie Chow, L.Ac, Ph.D
Faxiang Hou. Comedy Moment.ᔰᗳа࡫ ……….………………………...………………… 57
Livia Kohn, Ph.D.
Tianjun Liu, OMD Support Yang Sheng…………………………………………………………….58
Nan Lu, OMD. L.Ac.
Guan-Cheng Sun, Ph.D.
Lama Somananda Tantrapa
Master Zhongxian Wu
Tony Zhuo, OMD

March-April 2013 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) 3

 Featured Article

By Mauro Carboni

Introduction. (antagonist or partner) that it is really possible to

discover and enhance our internal diversity, the
What is it that different people have in common,
several properties of our approach to knowledge.
though with different stories and different ways
to walk the path of life, that leads them to meet (Wall, 2005).
and share a common project in a school of Taiji?
Among the emerging variables some of them, as As a result the second keyword (adaptability) is
time goes by, tend to take a real meaningfulness here understood as specific teaching mode, real
in common discussions, as recognizable charac- strong point of Taiji, a guarantee of accessibility
teristics of a path of transformation and growth to experiences of learning, instrument of accep-
centered on the value of the person. tance and inclusion into the study group. This de-
fines a discipline and a learning context based on
The first pair of keywords is search and curiosity. empathy, where being in contact with others and
With the first pair we mean an attitude that leads
to ceaselessly consider the learning experience as
border or limit (from a personal, physical, mental,
relational, contextual point of view), and at the
same time to the discovery of an unlimited poten-
tial of development, since the study of internal
work (Nei Gong) opens new horizons for learn-
ing.

These experiential approaches should be also un-

derstood both as teaching projects and educa-
tional interactions oriented towards a construc-
tivist dimension. This introduces a new pair of
keywords: diversity and adaptability. The first one
is a resource, such as value added for everybody,
an experience that we can understand only
through the practice of Taiji, when we practice
together. We cannot understand ourselves if we
don't recognize how important is listening to the
other. It is precisely from the meet with alterity,
within the different qualities of our role Image courtesy of digitalart FreeDigitalPhotos.net
26 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) Volume 3, Issue No. 2
sharing internal energy property becomes a me- that prepares to develop a proactive dimension
diation. (Sun, 2004: 31-32). Creating those conditions of
silence offers us the possibility to listen in an ori-

A Process of Continuous Transformation and

Change.
The constituent dynamics of internal work calls
into question another important couple of key-
words: symmetry and complementarity. It is not
by chance that the meaning of the word Taiji is
Supreme Polarity, because the idea of Yin/Yang
should not be understood as an opposite and irre-
ducible categorization, and because the two
terms is the reason of the other. It is an implicit
and related existence, a bipolar symbolism which
tells of life and of man as a process of continuous
transformation and change. Practicing Taiji
means being within the Tao, while looking for a ented and widespread mode. A dynamic state of
path of understanding and peace. sensory and emotional reception, conceptual oxy-
moron and paradox of experience. It's something
“The Tao of Heaven: that, with the progress of the practice, comes to
Does not contend and yet excels in winning resemble what the Taoist philosophy of the mar-
Does not speak and yet excels in responding tial internal arts defines as a condition or State of
Is not summoned and yet comes on its own "Wu Ji".
Is unhurried and yet excels in planning”
(Tao Te Ching, LXXIII)
Listening, Awareness and Intentionality.
We are talking about perceiving ourselves as in-
Who practices Taiji keeps the attention in a con- distinct units within a holistic dimension. A state
stant state of activation, respecting the internal of consciousness that emerges as a creative inten-
variations focused on the Zhong Ding (inner cen- tional act, as processes activated by meditation
tral axis). This happens through a multiplicity of practices lead the person to assume a particular
postural adjustments in terms of opposition up/ attitude towards life and in different situations.
down, left/right, front/back, through the improv-
ing of the skills related to lateralization, to the
segmental control and the global balance. This Among these we list some peculiar attitudes: to
internal work urges the integration of the two act consciously as active part and sentient ob-
hemispheres and produces a significant cortical server in the perception or participation to an
activation, particularly in the areas involved in event or experience; to avoid impulsive re-
creativity, in communicative skills, in interper- sponses through the control of emotional reactiv-
sonal and social level (Masgutowa and Akhma- ity; in such a way as not to prevent the attain-
tova, 2004). ment and maintenance of a state of inner balance.
Assuming a non-judgmental attitude also means
not to be prisoners of needs or expectations. It
In this perspective, one of the aspects that distin- means to be able to wait without assessing or
guish the educational and training courses of Taiji judging effects before causes; to be able to de-
and Nei Gong is precisely to bring every single scribe the inner world in words by activating
person to "find a State of inner silence." Suspend- mental processes involving a bilateral integration
ing any logical rational attitude is like a prelude of two hemispheres; to live what is happening as
March-April 2013 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) 27
an observer, getting to know oneself through an global (and/or segmental) energy connection, in-
unconventional approach (Baer et al., 2006). formation network, continuous mediation chan-
nel between doing and being, interactive access
between subject and environment. The keystone
The promotion and dissemination of these posi- of this training and "cognitive" approach resides
tive changes take place through processes of in- in the Nei Gong, as "inner work" that takes
ternal attunement and generates a stream of en- on the properties of a sensitization in the teach-
ergy (flexible, adaptive and coherent) and a flow ing. Everything takes place in a general frame of a
of information throughout the brain capable of method in which narrative and descriptive as-
catalyzing the fundamental processes of integra- pects converge in a single direction with the
tion of mind, energy and body in a system frame.
This coherent stream promotes an emerging sense
of self, vital and resilient, and by means of this
condition of awareness, the sense of Oneself ex-
pands and dissolves the modular repetition or
rather the "prison" of causal thinking (action/
response) (Siegel, 2009: 146-150).

The Wu Ji, therefore, is not only a primeval state

of the origin from which everything started, but
even a multidimensional state (Posadzki et al.
2010: 74-75) to go to and come back from, en-
riched and changed, every time identical and
processed. A dimension of the "feel" in which the
introspective attention and the proprioception
are always connected with the kinesthetic per-
ceptions, just like the recognition of the inner
condition is a potential state of our being and acts
in a continuous and circular relation with the ex-
ternal perception.
analysis of functional aspects, combining meta-
phors and symbols together on explanations con-
In a sense, we could say that maybe it is really this cerning the biomechanics and physiology of
primary distinction between internal and exter- movement.
nal listening that leads us towards a change into a
fundamental state, the Tao. In other words, we This means to enable processes and procedures,
can improve the sensorial and phenomenological highlighting the link between cognitive and re-
perception of the real world through a gradual flexive dimension with sensory perceptual skills,
awareness of our ability to discriminate. and motor skills. Finally it means to be able to de-
fine a map of learning in ways that can be widely
shared and personally assimilated.
Generativity and Transformation inside the
Form.
It's possible to consider the flow of Qi in terms of Still today the practice and teaching of Taiji and
connectivity (neural, biological, physiological, internal martial arts takes place through oral
emotional, cognitive, relational). From here you transmission of knowledge, for this reason the
can derive a multiplicity of meanings, equally formative supervision of a grandmaster is essen-
valid and not exhaustive: holistic communication, tial. During the practice of Taiji, we're dealing not

28 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) Volume 3, Issue No. 2

just with a sequence of imitations or mirror im-
ages concerning individual gestures, movements
or positions, but frames or patterns of visuospa-
tial processing and of visual and motor process-
ing come into play. In these representations eve-
rybody discovers his/her own movement, but
only some of these movements have to do with
cognitive memories, as emotional and affective
connotations, as well as some aspects of imagina-
tion and of evocative capability in its symbolic
components are rather involved.

In this sense the disclosure of technical contents

and of theoretical and philosophical aspects
should be the consequence of a direct communi-
cation mode. A particular form of interaction
where the exemplification of a gesture, the reflec-
tion about the quality of a single movement or in
relation to the quality of the potential of applica-
tion, can find its own development without neces- with a detached and non-judgmental vision con-
sity of any further intermediary between master cerning the qualities and the difficulties of each
and students. student.

This does not diminish the importance of com- In this way, the use of metaphorical and narrative
mon practice, collective and shared, according to ideas represents an effective mediator of didac-
a consolidated form of peer tutoring, where more tics within Taiji in order to activate the internal
experienced students are undoubtedly a point of resources through the imagination of the person
reference in the group for training, but where, at and thus to facilitate and personalize the learn-
the same time, the fact of living an amount of in- ing. The adoption of multi-sensory evocation
terdependence is clearly the occasion to offer to processes and of synaesthesia allows to under-
everybody the chance to be the core of discovery stand the quality of movements and the energy of
and reflection. certain postures and gestures in a range of shared
meanings.

Imagery, Visualization and Intention.

The role of the teacher in this environment of co- In the practice of Taiji, the connection between
operative learning is crucial, both in terms of cor- imagery, visualization and intention, is especially
rections and individual aid, and in terms of syn- intense since the gestural and martial experience
thesis and of revision of the collective martial assumes an interface among different cognitive
practices that constitute the focus of the experi- domains, as well as it allows to establish a close
ence. relationship among the aspects related to sen-
sorimotor perceptions, with the control of emerg-
ing emotional dynamics and with the sensations
The Master in this case makes the difference and of transformation that everyone can live in one’s
stands out for his/her ability to preserve the in- own corporeality (Wayne & Kaptchuk, 2008).
tention, the shape, the intensity, the kind of en- In this respect, in various areas of research, a plu-
ergy, the attention to the dynamics of interaction,
March-April 2013 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) 29
rality of converging experimental outcomes
emerge, where a direct influence between im-
Contact and Rhythmicity.
agery and personal expectations is made explicit,
with corresponding changes in physiological lev- The forms of motor activation, as well gestural
els (Kaptchuk, 2002, Mulder et al., 2004; Gentili et and bodily activation in general, in fact constitute
al., 2006). Surveys in the field of neuroscience an essential element of different educational ap-
have been long verifying the experimental consis- proaches that involve a configuration in terms of
tency of the relationship between imagery, simu- help relationship. These are recognizable in the
lated movements and the activation of the corre- attention towards the rhythmic dynamics of the
sponding brain areas (Decety et al., 1993; Riz- spatial-temporal setting, as well as for a particu-
zolatti, Fogassi, Gallese, 2001; Jeannerod, 2001; lar sensitivity in considering the proxemics and
Gallese, 2001, Calvo-Merino et al., 2006; Gallese & motor qualities in relation to the manifestations
Sinigaglia, 2010). of postural and gestural tonicity.

All this seems to confirm once more the lesson Moreover, such forms of motor activation are dis-
that comes from the experience of the ancient tinguished by an educational management of the
traditions of Taiji, that is the mind, meant as in- qualitative selection of sensory stimuli and of ma-
tention, mediates and steers the energy, the Qi. It terials used, and correspond fully to the charac-
is this network of internal energy that with effec- teristics of Taiji. These aspects draw attention to
tiveness and wisdom rides, the body, the move- the possibility of creating a relational, cognitive
ments and the same person in his actions. and perceptual climate, traceable to the concept
of “fusional dimension,” which evokes deep feel-
ings and memories related to the prenatal life,
The flexibility and reversibility are inseparable related to the initial sensations that the fetus de-
aspects of the mind and body. The movement is a velops during the growth of neurological appara-
metaphor of life and what the practice of Taiji tus.
produces on us in terms of physical and gestural
awareness and in terms of energy, produces simi-
lar consequences in other areas of our experi- Among the elements that give these sensations to
ence, knowledge and relationship (Strauch, living in the real practice of Taiji we find the vari-
1986). ous forms of contact and proxemics interaction,
the caloric sensations and the perceptions of
breath. There are also the biological rhythms of
the body that are mutually tuned to each other,
creating a fusional condition, i.e. a profound and
almost perfect harmony of psycho-tonic tensions
between the two bodies (Lapierre, 2002). In anal-
ogy with this concept, several researches have
focused their interest on the interaction between
physiological effects of internal work and the
modes and techniques of breathing (Qi Gong).

The experimental tests show changes and signifi-

cant outcomes on both neurophysiologi-
cal level (EEG, EMG) that is in the corresponding
interactions between temperature, heart rate,
respiratory, and, in the broad sense, on the meta-

30 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) Volume 3, Issue No. 2

 ronment characterized by dialogue and dialectic
that moves towards the construction of knowl-
edge, especially in terms of exchange and recip-
rocity (another couple of determinants key-
words), that are essential qualities in a motor act
intending to have educational and even more
transformative values. So, if 'exploration,'
'exchange,' 'discovery,' are semantic connections
that allow you to better understand the reality of
the integration processes, it’s the same dynamics
of communicative acts to require the diversity as
essential resource, as a "nurturing" semantics
and symbolism.

Ultimately it is the same plurality of competences

to unavoidably send back to a multiplicity of ex-
periential perspectives and conceptual para-
digms, and to have certain paths of bodily media-
tion in Taiji develop as forms of search in pro-
gress. This implies an opening towards other
martial disciplines, cultures and philosophies of
corporeality, meant as a path of knowledge and
transformation, starting with the most similar
ones to continue on towards those that seem
more different.
Not by chance, today, the relationship between
person and environment, between subject and
bolic activity and the endocrine system (Lee et al. context, is a focal point of research and of reflec-
2005; Xu, 1994). Similarly, the tests highlight a tion in the field of neuroscience, where you move
rhythmic modulation of brain at level of theta from an idea of a modular mind to a concept of
waves as an indicator of a particular state of con- emerging mind, as result of a simultaneous acti-
centration and of meditation (Pan et al., 1994). In vation of cognitive subsets that are in resonance.
particular, the practice of Taiji produces a release In fact, according to the opinion of Varela and col-
of endorphins during the state of wakefulness, to leagues, the “cognition depends upon the kinds of
which a mental activity of evocative type can cor- experience that come from having a body with
respond, together with a decrease in the level of various sensorimotor capacities (…). By using the
anxiety, moderating the perceived pain. term action we mean to emphasize once again
that sensory and motor processes, perception
The Construction of a Lived Knowledge. and action, are fundamentally inseparable in
lived cognition” (Varela, Thompson, Rosch, 1991:
The practice of Taiji and Neigong cannot limit it- 173).
self inside a rigorous training program, in which
we can find executive and technical requirements
or applications, having only the purpose of a mas- Conclusions.
tery of martial arts.
We have presented the practice of Taiji as a me-
diator in the help relationship, where the listen-
In fact, we are describing the creation of an envi- ing is a fundamental dimension of every educa-
March-April 2013 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) 31
tive act, in which is essential the attention to the roscience;137:761–772.
communication as plurality of codes, as meaning-
Kaptchuk TJ., (2002). The placebo effect in alter-
ful network of mutuality. Starting from here it is
native medicine: Can the performance of a heal-
possible to arrange educational contexts and
ing ritual have clinical significance? Annals of In-
situations in which the internal martial art be-
ternal Medicine, 136:817–825.
comes the formative space that facilitates the
emergence of an autonomous and creative bodily Jeannerod M., (2001). Neural simulation of ac-
expression. tion: A unifying mechanism for motor cognition,
Neuroimage, 14(1 Pt 2): S103–9.
Inside the Taiji practice we can find common ges-
tures that involve natural movements. Actions Lapierre, A. (2002). Da psicomotricidade rela-
such as: to grasp, let go, raise, keep, walk, push, cional à análise corporal da relação. Curitiba,
throw, move, rotate, slide, rotate, jump, avoid. A UFPR.
widespread and diversified action that integrates Lee, M.S., et al. (2005). I-training (qigong) en-
with the various forms of occupation of space and hanced immune functions: what is the underlying
time, of the environment and of relations. mechanism?, International Journal of Neurosci-
ence, 115 (8), 1099-1104.
A fortiori the construction of knowledge and Masgutowa, S., Akhmatova, N. (2004). Integration
competences, in the context of Taiji, cannot be of Dynamic and Postural Reflexes with Whole
limited to consider movement solely in terms of Body’s Movement System, International NeuroKi-
bodily functions, since, as educative project and nesiology Institute.
in terms of responsibility and reflexivity, has a Mulder T, et al. (2004). The role of motor im-
broader effect on the quality of life of people. agery in learning a totally novel movement, Ex-
perimental Brain Research, 154 : 211–217.
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waves between concentrative and non-
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer,
concentrative qigong states e a power spectrum
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and topographic mapping study, Journal of Tradi-
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Posadzki, P., Parekh, S., Marie-Luce O’Driscoll, M.-
Calvo-Merino et. al. (2006). Seeing or Doing? In-
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fluence of Visual and Motor Familiarity in Action
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Mauro Carboni is Researcher of

Special Pedagogy and Educational
Research at the University of
Rome "Foro Italico", Assistant
Professor of Didactics and Special
Pedagogy at the Course Degree in
Sport and Exercise Sciences; Pro-
fessor of Special Pedagogy at
Course Degree in Preventive and
Adapted Physical Activity (master-level degree),
Professor at International Doctorate in Culture,
Disability and Inclusion: Education and Training. Is
one of the founding members of the Italian Society
Calling All Authors
of Special Pedagogy (S.I.Pe.S). His research inter- We welcome your submissions for
ests include the processes of inclusion and the
educative integration through analogic mediators the next issue of Yang-Sheng!
(gesture, music and image) connected with
the empathy as essential factor of relationship,
Articles related to health & wellness,
notably through a methodological analysis of learn- taichi, qigong, acupuncture
ing environments. He studied Taiji and Nei Gong
with the Master Guo Ming Xu and attended work- and other mind/body practices are
shops with many other Chinese masters. He is a pu- welcomed.
pil of Master Flavio Daniele at Nei Dan School of
Martial Arts where he earned the title of Taiji In-
structor (Yang style). E-mail address : Please send your article for review to
[email protected]
Affiliation: University of Rome "Foro Italico" - [email protected]
Department of Educational Sciences for the Mo-
tor Activities and Sports

March-April 2013 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) 33