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PFD-P&ID !
"#%& ')$* PFD-P&ID training course

Mohammad Behzadi 4*5627 +89% : '+,,. /023
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PFD-P&ID course Piping course

Produced by:Mohammad Behzadi ()*+&, !-./ : !""# $%&' 1387 )*)01
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Standards
Why do we apply standards?
Work Uniformity Increase of safety Improvement in qualification of design and operating condition Decrease of design and selection of material
Standards
API
American Petroleum Institute
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Material
ISA
Instrumentation System and Automation Society
NACE
National Association of Corrosion Engineers
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Standards
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
TEMA
Tubular Exchanger Manufactures Association
DIN
Deutshes Institute fur Normung
BSI
British Standards Institution
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
AWWA
American Water Works Association
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Standards
IPS
Iranian Petroleum Standard
IGS
IRANIAN GAS STANDARDS
NPCS
National Petrochemical Company Standard
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API
API-RP-520: Sizing, Selection, and Installation Of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refinery API-RP-521: Guide For Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring System API-RP-14E: Recommend Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping System API-STD-2000: Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks API-STD-530: Calculation of Heat-Tube Thickness in Petroleum
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IPS
IPS-E-PR-308: Engineering Standard For Process Numbering System IPS-E-PR-750: Engineering Standard For Process Compressor IPS-E-PR-330: Engineering Standard For Process Compressor Air System IPS-E-PR-440: Engineering Standard For Process System IPS-E-PR-700: Engineering Standard For Process Design of Crude Oil Electrostatic Desalter Design for Design of Design of Design of Piping Design for Process
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NFPA
NFPA 20: Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pump NFPA 15: Standard for Water Spray Fixed System for Fire Protection NFPA 11: Foam Extinguishing System NFPA 12: Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler System NFPA 72E: Automatic Fire Detector
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DESIGN CODES, STANDARDS & REFERENCES
API Spec 12J Specification for Oil and Gas Separator IPS E PR 880 Engineering Standard for Process of Gas (Vapor) Liquid Separators IPS E PR 850 Engineering Standard for Process Requirements of Vessels, Reactors and Separators API RP 520 Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refineries (PSV) API RP 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems (PSV) API STD 2000 Venting Atmosphere and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks NonRefrigerated and Refrigerated IPS E PR 460 Engineering Standard for Process Design of Flare and Blow-down Systems IPS E SF 860 Engineering Standard for Air Pollution Control
IPS E PR 230
Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs
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API API API API API STD STD STD STD STD 610 674 675 676 681 Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services Positive Displacement Pumps-Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pumps-Controlled Volume Positive Displacement Pumps-Rotary Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services Natural Gas Processing Plant Practices for Petroleum of the Environment Onshore Oil and Gas Production Practices for Petroleum of the Environment Process Measurement Instrumentation
API RP 50 API RP 51 API RP 551
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API RP 14E API Spec 5L NACE RP 0169 NACE RP 0175 NACE MR 0175 ) Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems Specification for Line Pipe Recommended Practice-Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems Recommended Practice-Control of Internal Corrosion in Steel Pipelines and Piping Systems Material Requirement-Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Material for Oil Field Equipment
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EPCC
Engineering Procurement Construction Commissioning
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ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES 06!"&/ (1&"%78%9:)

!Process !HSE(Health,Safety,Environment) !Piping !Instrument !Mechanic
" A .Fixed Equipments -Vessel -Tank -Tower -Exchanger - # B. Rotary Machineries -Pump -Compressor -Mixer -Air Cooler
!Civil-Structure-Architecture !Electrical
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ENGINEERING COMPANY ;#<= >: 07# (1&"%78%9:)

Management Procurement Projects
Estimating
Proposals Budget-&-Control Accounting Construction Supervision Engineering HR-Communication Information Technology Support-Services
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DE@* F1.3 E* PFD ?@*!/ A*BC*

First Issue (FI): Release for proposal (Conclusion of estimate, study) -Main equipment (Tagged) -Main Process Lines -Battery Limit -Main control concept (control & switch) -Package unit Limits Issued For Information (IFI) : it is not used in constuction Issued For Comment (IFC): between client and contractor and after that will be issued to owner(some kind of internal issue!!) Issued For Approval (IFA): Release for Basic Engineering In addition to contents 1. -Important valve ( isolation, manual control) -Essential process shutdown circuits -Important start up lines -Definition of heat exchanger type
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DE@* F1.3 E* PFD ?@*!/ A*BC*

Issued For Design (IFD): Release for Basic Engineering Development (Conclusion of verification Phase and Basic Eng.) -Content as 1. & 2. however adjusted to the contract conditions Approved For Design (AFD): Release for Detail Engineering (End of Basic Eng.) -Crosscheck with P&ID, release detail engineering
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DE@* F1.3 E* PFD ?@*!/ A*BC*

Approved For Construction (AFC): Release for Construction phase (End of Detail Eng) -Final issue of PFD in Detail phase As Built (ASB): End of construction -Includes all of the changes in commissioning and construction phase Issued For Construction (IFC): Release for Detail Engineering Development -Crosscheck with P&ID, release for purchase of bulk material
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Design factor (!O@) 10 0,) (*<, RS/)0"-:*
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T6H<U V%' (1WK*

XH<U <:!/PM(Project manager) 06!"&/ !L*H <:!/PEM(Project Enginnering manager) Process team members
Process Dept.Manager
!=@* Y1"=@1# Process Senior Engineer

Y1"=@1#Process Engineer
Z# $[\C Process Senior Draftsman
Process Draftsman
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PROCESS DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES

Process Department s Activities in the following engineering stages: 1. Feasibility Study (FS) 2. Proposal Preparation (PP) 3. Basic Engineering (BE) 4. Detail Engineering (DE)
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PFD, DEFINITION, PREPARATION SEQUENCE. ACCORDING TO IPS-E-PR-170
Feasibility FeasibilityStudy Study Process ProcessDesign DesignBasis Basis Conceptual ConceptualDesign Design
Simplified SimplifiedFlow-Sheet Flow-Sheet
Steady SteadyState State Process Simulation(HYSYS-ASPEN-CHEMCAD-PROII) Process Simulation(HYSYS-ASPEN-CHEMCAD-PROII)
PFD PFD Heat Heat& &Material MaterialBalance(H&M) Balance(H&M)

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BFD Simulation PFD UFD Process Description Heat & Material Balance(H&M) P&ID Process Design Criteria Utility Consumption Chemical Consumptions Line List (For Piping Discipline) Instrument PROCESS Data Sheet (For Instrument Discipline) Equipment PROCESS Data Sheet (For mechanic Discipline) Process Data Sheet For Piping Special Item (For Piping Discipline)
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BFD A BFD is a simple breakdown of a process into blocks or units of operations which represent major parts of of the process being depicted. PFD A PFD is a detailed breakdown of a process into symbols which represent all major equipment and pipelines which are part of a process as defined by the BFD. A PFD consists of the following: Diagram Drawing Numbered Pipelines which indicate Flow Conditions Major Control Loops
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Coal carbonization block flowsheet. flowsheet. Quantities(MASS BALANCE) are in lb/hr
BFD
(BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM)

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Contract Technical
Proposal Preliminary Eng. Study
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1. DOCUMENTED ACTIVITIES 2. NON-DOCUMENTED ACTIVITIES
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PROCESS DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES BASIC & DETAILED ENGINEERING
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PROCESS DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES DETAILED ENGINEERING
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Flowsheets
Basic Design(BDP:BASIC DESIGN PACKAGE) Detailed Design .com g o l b Basic Design
BFD PFD P&ID UFD UHD UDFD
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(BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM) (PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM)
(UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM) (UTILITY HEADER DIAGRAM) (UTILITY DISTRIBUTION FLOW DIGRAM)
(Piping & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM)
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1&"%78%9:) <:16 1, PFD ?@!/ ]1^'@*

Instrument Process Conditions
Process Power Consumer List
Control & Instrument Engineering.

Control Philosophy,
Electrical Eng.
Hazard Source List Process Load List
Major Process Equipment Material Selection mechanical Eng.
PFD
Heat & Material Balance(H&M)
Feed, Prod, Cond., Cap., Spec.
Control, Equip. Seq., Piping, I/O, B.L., etc.
(P&ID) Package Unit Specification MR(Material Requisition)
Major Process Equipment Sizing Data/Spec. Sheets
Piping Engineering
Equip. Type, No., Process Sequence
Service, Composition, Condition
Process Engineering
Plot Plan
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Material Selection
SYMBOL AND LEGEND(SYMBOLOGY)
PFD
DEFINITION ALL EQUIPMENTS H&M
P&ID
VALVE LINE ALL EQUIPMENTS PROCESS CONTROL PARAMETER ADVANCE CONTROL SYSTEM
Scale PFDs should not be drafted to scale. However, their size should be compatible with that of equipment drawings. Flow Direction As a rule, PFDs should be drawn from the left to the right in accordance with process flows. Size 41 The size of PFD should normally be A1 (594 mm _ 841 mm).
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Minimum Information Requirements For Equipments I*+%&`' (*<, aEb I1KRM* Qc*!L

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1. Designated streams a) Stream numbers should be serially denoted by Decimal numbers. b) Fluid name. www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com c) Total flow rate. d) Density and/or molecular mass (weight) if required. e) Operating pressure and temperature if required.
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PFD4- -:;:$ <&$.=>.
2. Heat exchangers a) Identification number and service name. b) Operating heat duty. c) Inlet and outlet temperatures on both shell and tube sides. 3. Furnaces a) Identification number and service name. b) Operating absorbed heat duty. c) Inlet and outlet operating temperatures on tube side.
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I*+%&`' (*<, aEb I1KRM* Qc*!L

Minimum Information Requirements For Equipments

m 4. Reactors co . og l b a) Identification number and service name. an h b) Inlet and outlet operation temperature. r.mi vio a c) Inlet and/or outlet pressure. s t
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5. Columns w a) Identification number and service name. b) Tray numbers, operating temperature and pressure for top and bottom trays and also for special trays such as feed and draw-off, etc. c) Trays shall be numbered from bottom to top.
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m 6. Drums co . g a) Identification number and service name.nblo iha b) Operating temperature. r.m o i av c) Operating pressure. s t s
7. Pumps a) Identification number and service name. b) Normal operating capacity and differential pressure.
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PFD4- -:;:$ <&$.=>. KIND OF LINES1&Cd )@*!C1G6* (1&G/1.e H ]B4f A*BC*
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PFD4- -:;:$ <&$.=>. LINE CROSSOVER5M1\' ]1\C H ]B4f @gh

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Example
4:R S0 .4 FT P&ID 2PFD 5)@J G74 U$&J VIO &0 W7.4 S0 KX Q.) (!!F4&YN AutoCAD &0 G)7/N
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UFD-UHD$%&' (*<, aEb ?@*!/ Project design criteria PFD P&ID Plot Plan symbology
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UTILITY FLOWSHEETS
UFD (UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM) UHD (UTILITY HEADER DIAGRAM) UDFD (UTILITY DISTRIBUTION FLOW DIGRAM)
These are UFD diagrams(LIKE P&ID) for individual utilities such as steam condensate (HPS,MPS,LPS) cooling water(CWS,CWR,RWA,DWA(demin water)) NIT(NITROGEN) inert blanketing gases or purging or catalyst regeneration,
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P&ID
Instrument
P&ID
A P&ID is a document which is developed and used by Engineers,Technicians, Technologists, Maintenance and Operations personnel to define a manufacturing system. It's intent is to communicate in detail the controls, instruments, piping, and equipment used to implement that system.
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P&ID
A P&ID consists of the following: Diagram Drawing Equipment List information Piping Equipment List information Pipeline List Information Instrument List information (both local and DCS I PLC) Notes and Details Line slope and Flow direction
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P&ID Symbols:
P&ID ! P&ID " P&ID Up) # P&ID Equipment Symbols General Symbols Instrument Symbols (Typical HookInstrument Symbols (Valve Symbol)
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P&ID Symbols from Aspen-Icarus

ENGINEERING FLOWSHEET OR ENGINEERING LINE DIAGRAM
BS1646
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P&ID Symbols from Aspen-Icarus manual

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P&ID Symbols from Aspen-Icarus manual

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P&ID Samples from walas book

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P&ID, VALVES, CONTROL VALVE. IPS-E-PR-230, IPS-E-PR-830

LIMIT SWITCH LIMIT SWITCH POSITIONER POSITIONER BLOCK BLOCK VALVE VALVE BLOCK BLOCK VALVE VALVE
x6, 150#
BLEEDVALV BLEEDVALV EE
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BLEED VALVE BLEED VALVE
FAIL CLOSED
MOST OF PROCESS CONTROL VALVES STEAM, FUEL GAS SUPPLY BY PASS LINE SIZE: API RP 550
NC
FAIL OPENED
NORMALLY COOLING WATER, INSTRUMENT AIR SUPPLY CLOSED

PUMP MINIMUM FLOW COMPRESSOR SPILL BACK PROCESS FLOW TO FIRED HEATER 130
Fail Open / Closed (Control Valve): The safe position of a valve which will shift to upon loss of the power medium. Normal Position (Valve): The position of a valve in Normal Condition of the process (N.O. , N.C.)
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Plant Shutdown: The shutting in of all process stations of a Plant Production process and all support equipment for the process. Process Shutdown: The isolation of a given process station from the process by closing appropriate SDVs to shut-in flow to the process station or divert flow to another process station. Shutdown Valve (SDV): An automatically operated Normally Closed valve used for isolating a process station. Emergency Shutdown System (ESD): A system of stations which when activated initiate plant shutdown.
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Pressure Safety Valve (PSV): A pressure relief device designed to open and relieve excess pressure and to reclose and prevent the further flow of fluid after normal conditions have been restored. ! Depressurization: When metal exposed to fire on one side with vapor on the other side, the metal temp. may reach a level at which metal rupture due to stress may occur, even though the pressure does not exceed the allowable overpressure. An emergency depressurization (blow down) system is provided to avoid such an occurrence.
133
P&ID Symbols from walas

]/"@J !"#$ %&Pi24 Q. B>&~$
b an lo co g. m
. ww
bla
v tsa
io
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IPS
d#0 PFD !P&ID
139
These preparation stages describe the following three main phases which can be distinguished in every project & include, but not be limited to: Phase I: Basic Design Stages (containing seven Standards) Phase II: Detailed Design, Engineering and Procurement Stages (containing two Standards) Phase III: Start-Up Sequence and General Commissioning Procedures (containing two Standards)
Process Flow Diagram
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d#0 (,. %./0 IPS x0&@$ Phase I: Basic Design Stages (containing 7 Standards)
STANDARD CODE STANDARD TITLE I) Manuals of Phase I (Numbers 1 - 7) IPS-E-PR-150 "Basic Design Package" IPS-E-PR-170 "Process Flow Diagram" IPS-E-PR-190 "Layout and Spacing" IPS-E-PR-200 "Basic Engineering Design Data" IPS-E-PR-230 "Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)" IPS-E-PR-250 "Performance Guarantee" IPS-E-PR-308 "Numbering System"
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d#0 (,. %./0 IPS x0&@$

Phase II: Detailed Design, Engineering and Procurement Stages (containing 2 Standards)
I) Manuals of Phase II (Numbers 8&9) IPS-E-PR-260 "Detailed Design, Engineering and Procurement" IPS-E-PR-300 "Plant Technical and Equipment Manuals (Engineering Dossiers)8
Phase III: Start-Up Sequence and General Commissioning Procedures (containing two Standards)
III) Manuals of Phase III (Numbers10&11) IPS-E-PR-280 "Start-Up Sequence and General Commissioning Procedures" "Plant Operating Manuals" IPS-E-PR-290
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d#0 (,. %./0 IPS 15'
Scope
This Standard is also intended to establish uniform symbols for equipment, piping and instrumentation on P&IDs and UDFDs throughout the Oil, Gas and Petrochemical (OGP) projects.
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d#0 (,. %./0 IPS ,4&3N Nomenclature or Terminology Flowsheets

the Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) Utility Distribution Flow Diagrams (UDFDs,UHD,UFD) Process flow diagram(PFD)
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REFERENCES
ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS) ASME Code. ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE) ANSI B 16.1 "Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 25, 125, 250 and 800" 1st. Ed., 1989 IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS) "Basic Engineering Design Data" IPS-E-PR-200 IPS-E-PR-308 "Numbering System" IPS-E-PR-725 "Process Design of Plant Waste Sewer Systems" IPS-G-IN-160 "Control Valves" IPS-D-AR-010 "Abbreviations & Symbols for HVAC&R Drawings" IPS-D-AR-011 "General Notes for HVAC & R System"
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REFERENCES
ISA (INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA) ISA-S5.1 "Instrumentation Symbols and Identification" 1st. Ed., 1984 ISA-S5.2 "Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations" 2nd. Ed., 1981 ( Reaffirmed 1992 ) ISA-S5.3 "Graphic symbols for distributed control / shared display instrumentation, logic and computer systems 8Ed.,1983 ISA-S5.4 "Instrument Loop Diagrams" Ed., 1991 ISA-S5.5 "Graphic Symbols for Process Displays" 1st. Ed., 1985 ISA-S18.1 "Annunciator Sequences and Specifications" 1st. Ed., 1979 (Reaffirmed 1992) ISA-S50.1 "Compatibility of analogue signals for electronic industrial process instruments6 1st. Ed., 1975 ( Reaffirmed 1995) ISA-S51.1 "Process Instrumentation Terminology" 1st. Ed., 1979
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REFERENCES
ISO (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION) ISO 3098: Part 1 "Technical Drawings-Lettering, Part 1: Currently Used Characters" 1st. Ed. 1974 ISO 3511: Part 1 & Part 4 "Process measurement control functions and instrumentation-symbolic representation-Part 1: Basic requirements, 1st.Ed. 1977;Part 4: Basic symbols for process computer, Interface, and shared display/control functions" Ed. 1985 1st. Ed., 1984 ISO 6708 "Pipe component definition of nominal size" Ed., 1995. API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE) API Standard 602 "Compact steel gate valves-flanged, threaded, welding and extended body ends 8nine Ed., 1995 GPSA (Gas Process System Analysis)
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<&O}b_. TERMINOLOGY:
Company or Employer/Owner :
affiliated companies of the Iranian ministry of www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com petroleum :
National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) National Petrochemical Company (NPC)
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SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

IMORTANTS AND COMMONS IN RED ))<h !JL 1N+/<c
149
Drain / Sewer Symbols

AMN AY CAU CDB CSW CY DC DWW NSW OPD OSW SSW SWA TY Y Amine Drains (MEA,MDEA) Amine Drain Funnel (MEA,MDEA) Caustic Sewer(NAOH) Concrete Drain Box Chemical Sewer Chemical Drain Pit Drain Connection Desalter Waste Water Non Oily Water Sewer Open Drain Oily Water Sewer Sanitary Water Sewer Stripped Sour Water Toxic Drain Funnel Drain Funnel (General)
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150
Letters at Individual Valves Designations

B
BV
CAO CC CO
CHV
D
FB FC FO
FD
Monel Valve (grease sealed seat and packing) Ball Valve m Close-Automatic-Open co . log b Cable Control n iha Chain Operated r.m o i av s t Check Valve s bla Drain .m w ww Full Bore Fail Close (closes on minimum signal to valve actuator) Fail Open (opens on minimum signal to valve actuator) Flex Disc Valve (Diapheragm Valve)
;6* aH1\/ "h)@Bf <,*<, @) $# ;31^# H Qq%C E* #X1%3*Monel B= VfFlex
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151
Letters at Individual Valves Designations

MOV NC NO
NV OV PIVA PSE
PSV
P SR SSV T V WP(J) XCV
Motorized Valve(motor operated valve) Normally Closed(like by-pass valve for control valves) Normally Open Needle Valve (Plug valve) Operating Valve Post Indicator Valve(if it is Closed or open) Rupture Disk Assembly (Pressure Safety Equipment) Pressure Safety Relief Valve Plugged Split Range Stainless Steel Valve Trap Vent Jacketed Plug Valve Steam Trap with Integral Strainer
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Piping Abbreviations
CS DN FF FS LJ MI PN RF RS SF SB SO SS ST(H) SW WN Carbon Steel Diameter Nominal Flat Face Forged Steel Lap Joint Mallable Iron Pressure Nominal Raised Face Removable Spool Socket Weld Line Blind with Flexitallic Gaskets Spectacle Blind Slip on Stainless Steel Steam Trap (Heat Conservation) Socket Weld Weld Neck
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153
Miscellaneous Designations
AG BL DCS HCB
HCH
HHLL HLL LG LLL LLLL MW
NLL
P PB PFD PG PI
Above Ground Battery Limit Distributed Control System Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon with Hydrogen High High Liquid Level High Liquid Level Level Gage Low Liquid Level Low Low Liquid Level Manway Normal Liquid Level Pressure Push Bottom Process Flow Diagram Pressure Gage Pressure Indicator
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154
Miscellaneous Designations
P&ID PO PT RES RG RL RTD RVP SC SCL SG SP SP.GR. STO TI T/T UFD UG VB Piping & Instrumentation Diagram Pump Out Pressure Test Connection Residue Refrigerant Gas Refrigerant Liquid Resistance Temperature Detector Reid Vapor Pressure Sample Connection Sample Cooler Sight Glass Set Point Relative Mass Density (Specific Gravity) Steam Out Temperature Indicator Tangent to Tangent Utility Flow Diagram Under Ground Vortex Breaker
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Utility Services Abbreviations

BFW CLW CW CWR CWS DMW DSW DWA FLG FLR FOR FOS FWA HBW HPC HPS Boiler Feed Water Chlorinated Water Cooling Water Cooling Water Return Cooling Water Supply Demineralized Water Desalinated Water Drinking Water Fuel Gas Flare Discharge Fuel Oil Return Fuel Oil Supply Fire Water High Pressure Boiler Feed Water High Pressure Condensate High Pressure Steam
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156
Utility Services Abbreviations

ISA LLPS LPC LPS MBW MPC MPS NG NIT PLA PWA RFO RFW RWA SWA TWA WAT Instrument Air Low Low Pressure Steam Low Pressure Condensate Low Pressure Steam Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Water Medium Pressure Condensate Medium Pressure Steam Natural Gas Nitrogen Plant Air Plant Water(service water) Refinery Fuel Oil Refrigerated water Raw Water Sour Water Treated Water Water
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157
power supply
AS
Air Supply
ISA PLA Instrument Air Plant Air
ES GS HS NS SS
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Electric Supply Gas Supply Hydraulic Supply(Water) Nitrogen Supply Steam Supply
158
SYMBOL
a:bc E.:6.
DESCRIPTION
Main process line (arrow of 30indicates Direction of fluid flow ) Heat traced pipe line Underground pipeline Existing line Future line Vendor package Jackated or double containment pipeline Line crossing (connected)
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Line crossing (nconnected) Lines junction

Dripe funnel Platform Removable spoolpice Minimum distance Indication of point of change: a)change in sloop b) change in piping class c)change in responsibility
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Outlet to the atmosphere for steam / gas Flow / motion in diraction of arrow Arrow for inlet or outlet of essential substances ww w.m Slope bla sts avi Level reference or. mi ha Limit , general nb lo g .co Contractor/ vendor m Battery limit Hood , general (Furnace) Distribution device for fluids , spray nozzle Siphon with dip length
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Open vent Syphon drain( seal leg) Liquid seal, oen Liquid seal ,closed ww w.m bla Butsting disc sts avi or. mi ha Sight glass nb lo g .co m Level gage
Level gage on standpipe (vertical pipe)
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Interlock logic symbols

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Butt welded joint Flanged joint Screwed joint (arrow : 90) Socket welded joint Socket and spigot joint Compression joint Swivel joint End cap ,but welded End flanged and bolted End cap ,fillet welded (socket) End cap ,screwed (arrow:90)
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Symbols for manually operated and miscellaneous valves and monitors
!!GP$
Gate valve (basic symbol) Globe valve Check valve (general) Gate valve behind off Angle valve Ball valve Fourway valve Gate valve with body bleed Butterfly valve Hydraulic control (water force) Metering cock Needle valve Plug valve
S=solenoid valve R= Manual reset when indicated
Diaphragm valve
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PLC G"+)7 %./0 z)D- 4.=0.
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169
170
171
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173
174
175
176
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w ww
la mb
st s
io av
r.
ha mi
nb
.c lo g
om
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179
180
181
Equipment:Tower, column, vessel and reactor

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Note: All tanks and spheres on each flow diagram are to be shown in Approximate relative size to each other
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Air coolers
. ww
bla
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b an
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co g.
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Pumps
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190
NOZZLES IDENTIFICATIONS ON VESSELS, REACTORS AND TOWERS

NOZZLE
A,A2 B C D
E*
IDENTIFICATION SYMBOL Inlets Outlet Condensate Drain or Draw-off Feed Level gage or gage glass Handhold Pumpout Level instrument (also LT, LI) Manhole Reboiler connection Pressure connection (also PT, PI) Reflux Steam or sample connection Temperature connection (also TI, TE, TW)
V Vapor or vent
F G
H J K*
L M
N
P
R S
T
W
Relief valve connection (Oversize unless actual size known) *Use E or K when non of the other symbols apply. Do not use I, O, Q, U, X, Y, or Z.
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Numbering System
IPS %&@L$ /0
"#
<.=)PvN 2 &P6&,/; Mz)D- 4.=0.M Z4.5$ %4.kl H4&Ci

instrumentation identifications equipment abbreviations (codes) fluid abbreviations painting, insulation and heat tracing designations.
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198
SCOPE
numbering for instrument and electrical equipment, piping line and engineering documents such as specifications, purchase orders, and other facilities.
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REFERENCES
ISA (INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA)
S 5.1-1984. 1989 8Instrumentations Symbol and Identification Formerly6, Ed.
ISO
(INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION)

6708-1995 (E) "Pipe Components Definition and Selection of Nominal Size", 2nd. Ed., 1995.
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200
EQUIPMENT NUMBERING SYSTEM

<.=)PvN %4.kl H4&Ci
$%
Main Equipment & Package Unit
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www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com 202
Notes: 1) Unit number for the equipment shall start from 1 (not from 01). For a typical refinery units see Appendix A. 2) Serial number for equipment including mechanical, machinery, electrical, ancillary facilities, buildings, general items, etc., shall be from 01 to 99 unless otherwise specified. The numbering of instruments and control equipment should be from 001 to 999. For the units with more than one section (e.g., crude and vacuum distillation unit, etc.), equipment serial number to be utilized for each section shall be determined by the Contractor (e.g., from 01 t0 50 and from 50 to 99 to crude distillation and vacuum distillation sections respectively).
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APPENDIX B EQUIPMENT CATEGORY SYMBOL

AGITATOR AIR CONDITIONER BLENDER COMPRESSOR CONTINUOUS MIXER, PLASTICS CONTROL PANEL CONVEYOR, MECHANICAL OR PNEUMATIC COOLING TOWER CRANE CRUSHER CRYSTALLIZER CUTTER CYCLONE AND HYDROCLONE DESALTER EVAPORATOR EXCHANGER, SHELL-AND TUBE, DOUBLE PIPE, PLATE, COILS, AIR COOLED, REBOILER, BOX COOLER, CASCADE COOLER, SURFACE CONDENSER EXTRUDER
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
AG AC BR C CM CPL CV CT CN CR CS CU CY DE EV E
EX
204
APPENDIX B EQUIPMENT CATEGORY SYMBOL

FAN FA FILTER F FLARE STACK FST HEATER, FIRED H LOADING ARM LA MILL MI PUMP P REACTOR R SAMPLER SA SEPARATOR, ATMOSPHERIC SE SPECIALITY MOBILE EQUIPMENT, (FIRE TRUCK, SNOW REMOVAL) SM STACK, CHIMNEY S STEAM TRAP STP STRAINER STR SUMP SU TANK; API, SILO, HOPPER TK VALVE, SLIDE (SEE GATE, SLIDE) SG VALVE, ROTARY RV VALVE, MOTORIZED MOV VESSEL, PRESSURE (COLUMN, ACCUMULATOR, K.O. DRUM SPHERE, BULLET) V
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Appendix A UNIT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

for a typical refinery
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206
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207
Drivers for Main Equipment

Drivers for main equipment shall be numbered as follows:
Note: Type of drivers shall be as follows: DE : Diesel Engine GE : Gas Engine GT : Gas Turbine HT : Hydraulic Turbine
M : Electric Motor
ST : Steam Turbine TEX: Turbo Expander.

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PIPING LINE NUMBERING SYSTEM

&P6&,/; %4.kl H4&Ci
Piping lines shall be numbered in the following manner: Numbering of All Lines Excluding Steam Tracing Spools
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 209
Notes:
1) Piping serial number, in general is started from 0001 and Up except for the units which are characterized by more than one section such as crude and vacuum distillation unit. In such cases, split of piping serial numbers to be assigned for each section of the unit shall be determined by the Contractor. Special number 7001 : 9999 shall be used for all drains, relief headers and utility services including fuel oil and fuel gas for all units except for the units which are producing the subject utility services. For assigning the piping serial number, the following items should be taken into consideration: a) The individual line number shall be held up to the point where the line ends at the inlet of equipment such as a vessel, exchanger, pump, etc., an other number is required for the line downstream of the equipment. b) All utility headers (systems) shall be numbered with their respective units. All branches serving a specific unit will be numbered with that unit. f) All firewater and sewer branches serving a specific unit shall be numbered. 2) Piping class code shall be in accordance with the line classes utilized in project piping material specification. 3) Piping components not identified by instrument or mechanical equipment numbers, etc., and not covered by the piping material specification, are identified by a special item number. 4) Unit number of the plant shall start from 1 (not from 01). For a typical refinery units see Appendix A.
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Steam Tracing Spools

For steam tracing numbering and material take off, the contractor can use his own system.
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APPENDIX I FLUID ABBREVIATION SYMBOLS

a) Air Systems
ISA PLA BDN CBD IBD COC HPC LPC MPC CDH CSW NSW OSW SSW
Instrument Air Plant Air

b) Blowdown and Pump Out Systems
!"#$ %&P6&,/; %4&n"c. 12/O
Blowdown Continuous Blowdown Intermittent Blowdown

c) Condensate Systems
Cold Condensate High Pressure Condensate Low Pressure Condensate Medium Pressure Condensate
d) Drain (Sewer) Systems
Closed Drain Header Chemical Sewer Non Oily Sewer Oily Sewer Sanitary Sewer
e) Flare Systems
FL HFL LFL
f) Fuels
Flare (Normal) High Pressure Flare Low Pressure Flare Fuel Gas Fuel Oil Natural Gas Refinery Fuel Oil
212
FLG FLO NG RFO

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g) Special Gas Systems
ACG AIR CHL HEL HYD NIT NOX OXY UTA AMN AMO CAU CHM DEA DGA FS MEA MEK %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN TOL
Acid Gas Air (Drying Service) Chlorine Helium Hydrogen Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Oxygen Utility Air Amine Ammonia Caustic Soda Chemicals di-Ethanol Amine di-Glycole Amine Flushing Solvent mono-Ethanol Amine Methyl Ethyl Ketone Toluene
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h) Special Chemical and Solvent Systems
213

i) Oil Utility Systems INO Injection Oil LBO Lubricating Oil SLO Seal Oil j) Steam systems DKS Decoking Steam DLS Dilution Steam HOR Hot Oil Return HOS Hot Oil Supply HPS High Pressure Steam LLS Low Low Pressure Steam LPS Low Pressure Steam MPS Medium Pressure Steam l) Water Systems BFW Boiler Feed Water CLW Chlorinated Water CWR Cooling Water Return CWS Cooling Water Supply DIW Distilled Water HWS Hot Water Supply HWR Hot Water Return TWR Tempered Water Return TWS Tempered Water Supply DMW Demineralized Water DWA Drinking Water FWA Fire Water HBW High Pressure Boiler Feed Water HCW Hot and Chilled Water MBW Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Water PHW Phenol Water PRW Process Water PWA Plant Water PTW Potable Water QHW Quench Water RWA Raw Water SWA Sour Water TWA Treated Water WAT Water
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Appendix I:Process Services

ACE ALC ASP BZN BUT CAT CRD CRG ETA ETN FOP GAS GHS GSL GSO HRG HCB HCH HSR HNA JP4 JTA KER NGH
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Acetylene %5@,T/` Alchohol Asphalt Benzene Butane Catalyst Crude Cracked Gas Ethane Ethylene Fuel Oil Product Gas Natural Gas with Hydrogen and Steam Gasoline i:+", Gas oilE1h ;JC Hydrogen Rich Gas Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon with Hydrogen Heavy Straight Run Naphtha Heavy Naphtha Jet Fuel (JP-4) Jet A-1 Kerosene Natural Gas with Hydrogen
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Appendix I:Process Services

LNA LPG MEL MET NAP PNT PRP PPN PRA PRO RAF REG RES SLG SLP SUL
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Light Naphtha Liquefied Petroleum Gas Methanol Methane Naphtha Pentane Propane Propylene Process Air Process Fluid Raffinate Recycle Gas Residue Sludge ;fB6 xE1o/ $B6@ !%7% i`3 Slop i`3 Sulfur
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APPENDIX L DEFINITION OF NOMINAL SIZE

1) Definition Nominal size (DN): A numerical designation of size which is common to all components in a piping system other than components designed by outside diameters or by thread size. It is a convenient round number for reference purposes and is only loosely related to manufacturing dimensions. Notes: 1) It is designated by DN followed by a number. 2) It should be noted that not all piping components are designated by nominal size, for example steel tubes are designated and ordered by outside diameter and thickness. 3) The nominal size DN cannot be subject to measurement and shall not be used for purposes of calculation.
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APPENDIX E PAINTING, INSULATION AND HEAT TRACING DESIGNATION INSULATION OR HEAT

TRACING TYPE SERVICE
ET ETT IS SJ ST STS STT TB PT NP UW
Electrical Traced and Insulated Electrical Traced With Heat Transfer Cement and insulated Insulation for Personnel Protection Steam Jacketed and Insulated Steam Traced and Insulated Steam Traced With Spacers and Insulated Steam Traced with Heat Transfer Cement and Insulated Trace Body and Insulate Painting NO Painting, No Insulation Underground Wrapping
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Numbering for Structure

Structure and pipe rack shall be numbered in the following manner: Notes: 1) Structure Identification AT = Antenna Tower CPS = Concrete Pipe Sleeper MP = Miscellaneous Platform PS = Pipe Support SL = Stiles F&0-/6 SS = Steel Structure 2) Structure numbering shall be South to North and West to East.
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Drawing title block

The following requirements shall be shown on the title block of each drawing (see Appendix B): - revision table; - main Company s name (e.g., National Iranian Oil Company); - name of Company Relevant Organization, (if any), (e.g., Refineries Engineering and Construction); - name of refinery or plant (in English and Persian words); - Company s emblem; - Contractor s name; - drawing title; - Company s project No.; - Contractor s job No. (optional); - Contractor s drawing No. (optional); - Company s drawing No.
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Title block sizes and drawing dimensions shall be as follows:
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Line widths !"#$ %&P6&,/; %./0 a:bc W$&#t

To obtain a clear representation, different line widths shall be used. Main flow lines or main piping shall be highlighted. The following line widths shall be applied: - 0.8 mm for main process lines; - 0.5 mm for other process lines; utility lines, and underground lines; - 0.5 mm for graphical symbols for equipment and machinery, except valves and fittings and piping accessories; - 0.5 mm for rectangular boxes for illustrating Unit operations, process equipment, etc.; - 0.5 mm for subsidiary flow lines or subsidiary product lines and for energy carrier lines and auxiliary system lines; - 0.4 mm for class changes designation; - 0.3 mm for graphical symbols for valves and fittings and piping accessories and for symbols for process measurement and control functions, control and data transmission lines; - 0.3 mm for all electrical, computer and instrument signals; - 0.3 mm for reference lines; Line widths of less than 0.3 mm shall not be used.
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Drawings Title block size
Note: The final (As Built) isometric drawings shall include the material take off table and should be in A3 size. %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
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Drawing Scales
Drawings scales shall be any of the following: 1: 10 1 : 20 ww w.m bla sts 1: 25 avi or. mi ha 1 : 33-1/3 nb lo g .co m 1 : 50 1 : 100 1 : 250 1 : 500 1 : 1000 1 : 2500 (Overall Plot Plan Only)
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NUMBERING OF PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA SHEETS Z4.5$ !"#$ E.:6. 12/O <.4&n"c.
SP DW PC FS DS PR CE WS IR CA MU OT
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- Specification - Drawings - Performance Curves - Fabrication Schedule - Data Sheets - Procedures - Certificates - Welding Specification - Inspection Record - Calculations - Manuals - Others
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Engineering Disciplines Coding

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AC CI EL GM GN HM and/or IN ME PI PR PV RE and/or (PM) SF ST TC TP Heating, Ventilation, Air conditioning & Refrigeration Engineering Civil Engineering (General) including Architectural Electrical Engineering General Machineries General Heat and Mass Transfer Engineering (Thermal Equipment Engineering) Instrumentation Engineering Fixed Mechanical Equipment Engineering (Non Rotating Equipment Engineering) Piping Engineering (General Mechanical and Interconnection Engineering) Process and Chemicals Engineering Pressure Vessel Engineering (Generally, Vessels Engineering) Rotating Equipment and/or (Process Machineries) Engineering Safety, Fire Fighting & Environmental Control Engineering Structural Engineering Telecommunication Engineering Technical Protection Engineering
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Commodity Account No.:

- Civil - Instrumentation - Electrical - Machinery - Heaters - Vessels, Towers or Drums - Tanks and Spheres - Package Units - Miscellaneous Mechanical - Piping - Management - Site Construction - Miscellaneous 01 02 03 04 05 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
- Heat Exchangers (including reboilers, coolers, double pipe heat exchangers, coils, plate heat exchangers, etc.) 06
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Project Sections Coding

AC CC CN DC FN GN PC PE PN PM PQ QA QC
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Accounting Cost Control Construction Document Center Finance General Project Coordination Project Engineering Planning Project Management Procurement Quality Assurance Quality Control
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Numbering of Drawings Z4.5$ %4.kA$&6

Notes: 1) Two drawings may have the same serial number but different unit number. 2) When drawings have same title and function, they shall have the same serial number and shall be identified by using Sequential No./Total No.
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Numbering of Isometric Drawings Numbering of Isometric Drawings shall be the same as the piping line number which is shown on the Isometric Drawing.
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SYMBOL/ABBREVIATION AK BD CRD DN HVAC LG PDB PFD P & IDs PO PS PSV SI TEL DESCRIPTION Arak Building Crude Diameter Nominal, in (mm) Heating Ventilation and Cooling Level Gage Distribution Panel Board Process Flow Diagram Piping and Instrument Diagrams Purchase Order Pipe Support Pressure Safety Valve System International Tetra Ethyl Lead
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DRAWING SERIAL NUMBER

Z4.5$ !"#$ E.:6. ]&,/7 H4&Ci
SERIAL NUMBER (4 Digits) 0001 - 0099 0100 - 0199 0200 - 0399 0500 - 0599 1000 - 1999 2000 - 2999 4000 - 4999 5000 - 5999 6000 - 6999 7000 - 7999 8000 - 8999 9000 - 9999 TYPE OF DRAWING - PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAMS (P & IDs) - UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM - PLOT PLAN - CONCRETE - STRUCTURAL STEEL - VESSEL - PIPING - ELECTRICAL - INSTRUMENT - INSULATION - MISCELLANEOUS
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Special Chemical and Solvent Systems

AMN AMO CAU CHM DEA DGA MEA MEK TOL
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Amine Ammonia Caustic Soda Chemicals di-Ethanol Amine di-Glycole Amine mono-Ethanol Amine Methyl Ethyl Ketone Toluene
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FLUID ABBREVIATION SYMBOLS

a) Air Systems
ISA PLA BDN CBD IBD COC HPC LPC MPC CSW NSW OSW %-.=P0 5C^$ SSW :H5@@J S)PN Instrument Air Plant Air Blowdown Continuous Blowdown Intermittent Blowdown Cold Condensate High Pressure Condensate Low Pressure Condensate Medium Pressure Condensate Chemical Sewer Non Oily Sewer Oily Sewer Sanitary Sewer
b) Blowdown and Pump Out Systems
c) Condensate Systems
d) Drain (Sewer) Systems
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e) Flare Systems
FL HFL LFL Flare (Normal) High Pressure Flare Low Pressure Flare Fuel Gas Fuel Oil Natural Gas Refinery Fuel Oil Acid Gas Chlorine Helium Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Utility Air
f) Fuels
FLG FLO NG RFO ACG CHL HEL HYD NIT OXY UTA %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
g) Special Gas Systems
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i) Oil Utility Systems
LBO SLO FGO Lubricating Oil Seal Oil Flushing Oil Dilution Steam Hot Oil Return Hot Oil Supply High Pressure Steam Low Low Pressure Steam Low Pressure Steam Medium Pressure Steam
j) Steam systems
DLS HOR HOS HPS LLS LPS MPS
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l) Water Systems BFW Boiler Feed Water CLW Chlorinated Water CWR Cooling Water Return CWS Cooling Water Supply DIW Distilled Water HWS Hot Water Supply HWR Hot Water Return TWR Tempered Water Return TWS Tempered Water Supply DMW Demineralized Water DWA Drinking Water FWA Fire Water HBW High Pressure Boiler Feed Water HCW Hot and Chilled Water MBW Medium Pressure Boiler Feed Water PRW Process Water PWA Plant Water RWA Raw Water SWA Sour Water TWA Treated Water WAT Water
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k) Process Services ACE Acetylene ALC Alchohol ASP Asphalt BZN Benzene BUT Butane CAT Catalyst ETA Ethane ETN Ethylene FOP Fuel Oil Product GAS Gas GSL Gasoline GSO Gas oil HRG Hydrogen Rich Gas HCB Hydrocarbon HCH Hydrocarbon with Hydrogen JP4 Jet Fuel (JP(JP-4) JTA Jet AA-1 KER Kerosene NGH Natural Gas with Hydrogen RGH Reformed Gas with Hydrogen %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
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LNA LPG MEL MET NAP PNT PRP PPN PRA PRO RAF REF REG RES SLG SLP SUL Light Naphtha Liquefied Petroleum Gas Methanol Methane Naphtha Pentane Propane Propylene Process Air Process Fluid Raffinate Reformate Recycle Gas Residue Sludge Slop Sulfur
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ENGINEERING STANDARD FOR PROCESS DESIGN OF VALVES AND CONTROL VALVES
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GP$ ]25;
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GP$ ]25;
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GP$ ]25;
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Engineering Specification for Site Conditions

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Baseic engineering Design Data

E-PR-200 XH<U >: (*<, aEb I1KRM* (@Hd 5-P
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CDE
BEDD BEDQ CON
Basic Engineering Design Data Basic Engineering Design Questionnaire Contractor
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295 CDF
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Utility services The following utility services shall be covered in the BEDD as applicable. - Steam. - Water. - Condensate. - Fuel. - Air. - Nitrogen. - Electrical Power. - Others.
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GHI
Water operating and design conditions This section shall include the following types of waters where applicable: a) HP Boiler Feed Water. b) MP Boiler Feed Water. c) Cooling Water Supply. d) Cooling Water Return. e) Raw Water. f) Plant (Service) Water. g) Drinking Water. h) Fire Water. i) Demineralized Water. j) Desalinated Water.
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GHD
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Water specification
A table (see Table A.4 in Appendix A) shall be provided to cover the following characteristics for the services such as circulating cooling water, cooling tower make-up, raw water/sea water and treated boiler feed water (where applicable):
a) Source and Return (if needed). b) Availability over use, in (dm&/s). c) Value, in (cent/1,000 dm&). d) pH. e) Total Hardness as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). f) Calcium as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). g) Magnesium as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). h) Total Alkalinity as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). i) Sodium as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). l) Potassium as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). j) Sulfate as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). k) Chloride as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). m) Nitrate as CaCO3, in (mg/kg). n) Silica as SiO2, in (mg/kg). o) Total Iron, in (mg/kg). p) Suspended Solids, in (mg/kg). q) Dissolved Solids, in (mg/kg). r) COD, in (mg/kg). s) Other ?+*@2" 9/A%:'9::3 <=2>
GJC
The wet bulb temperature used for cooling tower design should be based on the local conditions and effect of cooling tower vaporization.
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GJG
Gaseous Effluents Regarding the gaseous effluents to be discharged to the atmosphere such as fired heater flue gas, boiler flue gas, vent gas and etc., the discharging amounts of the pollutants described below shall be calculated per source. a) SOx. b) NOx. c) Solid Particles. d) H2S, NH3, HCl, HF, etc.. e) Cl2, F2. f) CO. g) Hydrocarbons. h) Metal and its compounds; Hg, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, etc.
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GJE
Chemicals and Additives The following chemicals shall be stipulated: a) Solvents such as Furfural, etc.. b) NaOH, H2SO4, HCl, etc.. c) Inhibitors for corrosion, fouling, polymerization, etc.. d) Antifoamer. e) Additives for lube oil, finished products, BFW, etc.. f) Amines such as MEA, DEA, DGA, etc.. g) Glycol, methanol, etc.. h) Refrigerant; i) Emulsion breaker, filter aids, etc.; j) pH control agent; k) Flocculant and coagulant.
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GJF
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Air
a) Plant Air. b) Instrument Air. c) Catalyst regeneration Air. A separate table (see Table A.10 of Appendix A) shall be provided to cover all services mentioned in 6.5.3.2.7.1 above for the following informations a) Availability, N m$/h. b) Driver Type of Compressor. c) Dry Air Dew Point. d) Oil Free Air Requirement.
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Vessels and columns The following basic design data requirements shall be included in "BEDD" if not specified in the design criteria: Types of trays, packing and/or materials which are required. Minimum tray spacing. Flooding factors for hydraulic design of towers. Required residence time for all vessels, columns, KO Drums and all draw-offs. Minimum and maximum percent of normal flow rate which should be considered for design of tower hydraulic. Towers, vessels and vessel boots minimum diameter. Any known diameter, length, or mass limitation for shipping or shop fabrication of vessels (if any). Provision of separate steam out nozzle on all vessels. Vessel nozzle identification shall be according to the table shown in Appendix B. Vent, steam out and drain nozzles shall be according to the following table:
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GGF
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On all horizontal vessels, a blanked off ventilation nozzle should be provided on the top of the vessel near the end opposite the manway. The ventilation nozzle will be sized as follows: - DN 100 (4") nozzle for vessels up to 4,450 mm tangent length; - DN 150 (6") nozzle for vessels 4500 to 7450 mm tangent length; - DN 200 (8") nozzle for vessels 7500 mm and longer tangent length.
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GGL
Storage tanks and offsite facilities The following requirements shall be specified on "BEDD". Numbers and capacity selection policy of storage tanks, separately for the following cases: - Feed Tanks. - Intermediate Product Tanks. - Finished Product Tanks. Maximum blending time for preparation of each finished product. Type of blending of the finished products. Basic philosophy for selection of type of the tanks. Height of the tanks. Type of fire fighting facilities to be considered for various types of tanks. Type of product loading and maximum operating time per day of the loading facilities. Gas blanketing source and requirement for the storage tanks if applicable.
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GGI
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The process and utility battery limit conditions shall cover the followings: a) Producer Battery Limit (Pressure and Temperature). b) Consumer Battery Limit (Pressure and Temperature). The equipment mechanical design conditions shall cover the followings: a) Piping (Design Pressure and Design Temperature). b) Vessels and Exchangers (Design Pressure and Design Temperature). c) Turbines (Design Pressure and Design Temperature).
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GFH
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Climatic data Temperature:

- Maximum recorded. - Minimum recorded. - Winterizing. - Wet bulb*. - Dry bulb.
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GFG
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Process Design Criteria
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ENGINEERING STANDARD FOR PRESSURE STORAGE SPHERES FOR (LPG)
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ENGINEERING STANDARD FOR LAYOUT AND SPACING
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This Standard Specification covers the basic requirements of the plant layout and spacing of oil & gas refineries, petrochemical and similar chemical plants to ensure safety and fire prevention together with ease of operation and maintenance.
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API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE) RP"Recommended Practice for Classification of Location for Electrical RP-500 A Electrical Installation in Petroleum Refineries", Edition Fourth, Jan. 1982 API Std. 620 "On Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tanks" API Std. 650 "On Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage" ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS) "Boilers and Pressure Vessel Codes": - Section I, Power Boilers - Section VIII, Pressure Vessels ASCE (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS) "Minimum Design Loads for Structures" IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS) IPS"Atmospheric Above Ground Welded Steel Storage Tanks" IPS-C-MEME-100 IPS"Electrical Area Classification & Extent" IPS-E-ELEL-110 IPS"Large Welded Low Pressure Storage Tanks" IPS-C-MEME-110 IPS"Aviation Turbine Fuel Storage Tanks" IPS-C-MEME-120 "Pressure Storage & Spheres (for LPG)" IPSIPS-C-MEME-130 IPS"Geometric Design of Roads" IPS-E-CECE-160 "Pipe Supports" IPSIPS-G-PIPI-280 IPS8 Process design of liquid & gas transfer & IPS-E-PRPR-360 storage 8 "Fire Fighting Sprinkler Systems" IPSIPS-E-SFSF-200 IPS"Safety Boundary Limits" IPS-C-SFSF-550 IPS"Typical Unit Plot Arrangement & Pipeway Layout" IPS-D-PIPI-102 -:D -PI-103 "Pipeline Spacing" IPS PI %-.=P0IPS5C^$ H5@@J S)PN
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ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE) ANSI"Piping Hanger and Supports", 1969 Edition ANSI-MSS Standards, NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION) NFPA "Recommendation Codes and Standards" (See Table AA-1 in Appendix A) NFPA, 59 "Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases", Ed. 1989 NFPA, 251 "Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building, Construction and Materials", Ed. 1985 IRI (INDUSTRIAL RISK INSURANCE ) "Requirement on Spacing of Flare" TEMA (TUBULAR EXCHANGER MFRS. ASSN. STANDARD) Uniform Building "From International Conference of Building Office", 1991 Ed. Code, (UBC)
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DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
'%(
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Is an earth or concrete wall providing a specified liquid retention capacity. Diversion Wall Is an earth or concrete wall which directs spills to a safe disposal area. Fire Resistive Fire resistance rating, as the time in minutes or hours, that materials or assemblies have withstand a fire exposure as established in accordance with the test407 %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN of NFPA 251.
Slide 407 L3 %&'()*+

Lastsavior; 2007/08/23
High Flash Stock Are those having a closed up flash point of 55 C or over (such as heavy fuel oil, lubricating oils, etc.). This category does not include any stock that may be stored at temperatures above or within 8 C of its flash point. Low-Flash Stocks Are those having a closed up flash point under 55 C such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, some heating oils, diesel fuels and any other stock that may be stored at temperatures above or within 8 C of it s flash point. Non-Combustible Material incapable of igniting or supporting combustion.
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 408
Pipe Rack The pipe rack is the elevated supporting structure used to convey piping between equipment. This structure is also utilized for cable trays associated with electricpower distribution and for instrument tray. Plot Plan The plot plan is the scaled plan drawing of the processing facility. Sleepers The sleepers comprise the grade-level supporting structure for piping between equipment for facilities, e.g., tank farm or other remote areas.
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Toe Wall Is a low earth, concrete, or masonery unit curb without capacity requirements for the retention of small leaks or spills. Vessel Diameter Where vessel spacing is expressed in terms of vessel diameter, the diameter of the largest vessel is used. For spheroids, the diameter at the maximum equator is used. Vessel Spacing Is the unobstructed distance between vessel shells or between vessel shells and nearest edge of adjacent %-.=P0 5C^$ :H5@@J S)PN 410 equipment , property lines, or buildings.

BP = HVAC Conditioning IC IRI = LPG = NFPA = OD = OGP = OIA = SIC = TEMA %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN Association Boiling Point = Heating, Ventilation and Air = Incombustibles Industrial Risk Insurance Liquefied Petroleum Gas National Fire Protection Association Outside Diameter Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Oil Insurance Association Sheathed Incombustible = Thermal Exchargers Manufacturers 411
Safety and Environment Familiarization with pertinent Environmental Regulations, (Local, National and International), and how they might change is essential perior to conclusion of pre-project studies. Attention shall be given to the pertinent safety regulations, including health and welfare needs. Hazardous and flammable materials require special handling, which can take up layout space. If the process fluids are especially toxic, layout is affected by the need for close chemical sewers and other protection measures. Security requirements may require special layout design when the plant produces a highvalue product. If a plant site is governed by particular building, piping, %-.=P0 5C^$ :H5@@J S)PN plumbing, electrical and other codes, these can affect 412 plant layout. Similar governing standards and regulation in plant site affects the layout concept.
SOME KEY ISSUES RELATED TO LAYOUT
Throughput
It is important not only to know the initial capacity but also to have a good feel for how much the plant might be expanded in the future, as well as how likely the process technology is to be modernized. Thesewww.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com factors indicate how much space should be left for additional equipment. Multiple processing lines (trains), are often required for the plant. Pairs of trains can either be identical or be mirror images. The former option is less expensive. But the mirror image approach is sometimes preferable for layout reasons. Two such reasons are: a) For operator access via a central aisle. b) The need that the outlet sides of two lines of equipment %-.=P0 5C^$ :H5@@J S)PN 413 (pumps, for instance) point toward each other so that they can be readily hooked to one common line.
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
General The plant layout shall be arranged for: a) maximization of safety; b) prevention of the spread of fire and also ease of operation; c) maintenance consistent with economical design and future expansion. Blocking The plant site shall be blocked in consideration of hazards attendant to plant operation in the area. All blocked areas shall be formed as square as possible by divided access roads and/or boundary lines. Location and Weather %-.=P0 5C^$plant :H5@@J S)PN layout shall be arranged in consideration of The geographic location and weather in the region of the site.
414
Prevailing Wind Where the prevailing wind is defined, the administration and service facilities and directly fired equipment, etc., shall be located windward of process Units and storage tanks, etc. www.mblastsavior.mihanblog.com Layout Indication The basic requirements to be met in the appropriate diagram when making a piping and equipment layout are: All equipment, ladders, structures, shall be indicated. All instrument shall be located and indicated. All valving and handwheel orientations shall be indicated. Drip funnel locations for underground drains shall be indicated. All electrical switch grears, lighting pannels shall be indicated. %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 415 All sample systems shall be indicated
Area Arrangement Classified blocked areas, such as process areas, areas, storage areas, areas, utilities areas, areas, administration administration and service areas, areas, and other areas shall be arranged as follows: 1) The process area shall be located in the most convenient place for operating the process Unit. 2) The storage area shall be located as far as possible from buildings occupied by personnel at the site, but should be located near the process area for ready operation of the feed stocks and product runrun-downs. 3) The utilities area shall be located beside the process area for ready supply of utilities. 4) Loading and unloading area shall be located on a corner of the site with capable connection to public road directly, for inland traffics. traffics. For marine transportation, transportation, the area shall be located on the seaside or riverside in the plant site. 5) The administration and service area shall be located at a safe place on the site in order to protect personnel from hazards. It shall preferably be located near the main gate alongside the main road of the plant. 6) Flare and burn pit shall be located at the end of the site with sufficient distance to prevent personnel hazard. 7) Waste water treating Unit shall be located near at the lowest point of the site so as to collect all of effluent streams from the processing Unit. 8) The process Unit to which the feed stock is charged first, first, shall be located on the side near the feed stock tanks, tanks, to minimize the length of the feed line. 9) The process Unit from which the final product(s) product(s) is (are) withdrawn, shall be located on the side near the products tanks to minimize the length of the product runrun-down line. 10) Process Units in which large quantities of utilities are consumed, should be preferably located on the side near the utility center. center.
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 416
PLANT LAYOUT
Roadways
1) Road and access ways shall offer easy access for mobile equipment during construction and maintenance, fire fighting and emergency escape in a fire situation. 2) Unless otherwise specified by the Company, the defined roads shall be made as stated in IPS-E-CE160, "Geometric Design of Roads". 3) Access roads shall be at least 3 m from processing equipment between road edges to prevent vehicle %-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 417 collisions.
Piperacks and Sleepers

piperack for process Units and pipe sleeps for the off-site facilities shall be considered as the principals support of the pipe way Single level pipe racks are preferred, if more than one level is required, the distance between levels oriented in the same direction shall be adequate for maintenance but not less than 1.25 meters
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 418
Maximum piperack widths shall be 10 m. If widths larger than 10 m are required, the piperack shall be designed to be of two stage. Actual widths shall be 110% of the required widths or the required widths plus 1m. In cases where air fin coolers are to be placed on the piperacks, the piperack widths shall be adjusted based on the length of the air coolers.
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 419
Allow ample space for routing instrument lines and electrical conduit. Provide 25% additional space for future instrument lines and electrical Provide 20% additional space on the pipe rack for future piping Pipe racks outside process areas shall have the following minimum overhead refinery/plant clearances: main roadway -5 meters , access roads -4.5 meters, railroads -6.7 meters above top of rail.
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN 420
Typical layout of piperack, for process plants depending on the number of process Units incorporated and the process complexities are given in Figs. 1 through 4 with reference descriptions as follow: a) "Single Rack Type" layout, is suitable for small scale process complex consisting of two-three process Units. It is economical without requiring any large area.
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
421
"Comb Type" layout shown in Fig. 2, is recommended for use in process, complex consisting of three or more process Units. "Single Rack Type" in this case will not be suitable since separate maintenance and utility administration in normal operation will be difficult because of the utility and flare line which are placed on the common rack.
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
422
"Double Comb Type" layout is an expansion of the "Comb Type" which is recommended for the use in largescale process complexes where five to ten process Units are to be arranged. This layout as shown below in Fig. 3, can be conveniently utilized.
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
423
"U Type" layout shown in Fig. 4, is recommended to be used in case of process Units whose maintenance cannot be conducted separately, within t he complex. This type can be regarded as an expansion of the "Singl e Rack Type". Even process complexes of this nature, can be regarded as one process Unit in the planning of their layout.
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424
%-.=P0 5C^$:H5@@J S)PN
The control room and substation shall be located from an economical standpoint so as to minimize the length of electrical and instrument cables entering and leaving therefrom The control room shall be positioned so that the operator can command a view of the whole system which is under control. Large buildings, or equipment shall not be placed in front of the control room.
425
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426
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427
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