Geography Past Paper
Geography Past Paper
Surname
Other names
Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Geography
Unit: 4GE0
Paper: 01
Paper Reference
4GE0/01
Total Marks
Instructions
t
t
. If you change
and then mark
Information
Advice
1/1/1/1/e2/e2/e2/
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1 River environments
(a) Study Figure 1, which shows a river and the uses made of its water and valley.
N
reservoir
dam
fishing, recreation,
navigation
hydroelectric
power
water supply
(industrial and domestic)
flood
irrigated
fields
plain
city
power
station
Key
diverted river water
sewage
treatment
works
Figure 1
(i) Which one of the following features of the river is located close to the city?
Put a cross in the correct box.
A mouth
B source
C meander
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(1)
(1)
(3)
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(2)
(4)
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(iii) Give two reasons why the demand for water is increasing in urban areas.
(4)
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(c) Describe how you would collect data in the field to investigate the quality of
river water.
Diagrams may help your answer.
(6)
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(d) Explain the advantages and the disadvantages of a named dam or reservoir
project.
(9)
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2 Coastal environments
(a) Study Figure 2a, which shows some coastal landforms and ecosystems.
coral island
and reef
cliffs
shingle
beach
mangrove or
salt marsh
sandy beach
estuary
dunes
Figure 2a
(2)
1. sand or shingle
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2. hard rock
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(2)
(1)
A rainfall
B sediment supply
C deep-sea fishing
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(2)
(4)
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(iii) Give two ways in which coastal ecosystems are threatened by economic
development.
1
(4)
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(c) Describe how you would collect data in the field to investigate a beach.
Diagrams may help your answer.
(6)
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(d) Explain how a named area of coral reef or mangrove is being managed.
Name of area:
(9)
........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...............................
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3 Hazardous environments
(a) Study Figure 3, which shows the estimated area affected by the ash cloud
produced by an erupting volcano in Iceland during April 2010.
Iceland
Atlantic
ocean
UK
Eurasian
North
plate
American
plate
N
0 200
km
prevailing winds
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
volcanic ash cloud
regions where ash concentration is hazardous to aircraft
erupting volcano (Eyjafjallajkull)
Figure 3
(i) What is the prevailing wind direction over Iceland?
(1)
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(ii) What was the main direction in which ash travelled from Iceland?
Put a cross in the correct box.
A north-west
(1)
B south-east
C south-west
(iii) How would the situation over the United Kingdom (UK) have been different
had the wind been blowing from its prevailing direction?
(1)
(iv) Suggest two likely impacts of the ash cloud on the UK.
(2)
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(b) The volcano that erupted in 2010 is one of 35 large active volcanoes in Iceland.
(i) What is an active volcano?
(2)
(ii) With reference to Figure 3, explain why there are active volcanoes in Iceland.
A diagram may help your answer.
(4)
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(iii) Give two reasons why people continue to live in volcanic areas.
(4)
(c) Describe how you would collect and record data in the field to investigate wind
and temperature conditions.
(6)
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(d) Explain how hazard management affected how people coped with one named
tectonic event.
Named tectonic event:
(9)
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19
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Year
Primary
Secondary
Figure 4a
(i) What percentage of GDP did the tertiary and quaternary sectors contribute in
2010?
Put a cross in the correct box.
(1)
57
67
77
(ii) Which employment sector includes agriculture?
primary
secondary
tertiary
20
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(1)
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
100%
90%
80%
70%
Percentage 60%
of
50%
GDP
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1974
(a) Study Figure 4a, which shows how each of the employment sectors contributed
to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of an HIC.
(iii) With reference to Figure 4a, state how the contribution of the secondary
sector changed between 1986 and 2010.
(1)
(iv) Describe one effect that the change in the secondary sector between 1991
and 2010 has had on a named area of an HIC.
Name of area:
(3)
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(3)
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(ii) Give reasons for the importance of the primary sector and informal
employment in most LICs.
(4)
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(c) Study Figure 4b, which shows the results of a questionnaire survey of 50 people
on their views about the use of renewable and non-renewable energy.
Agree
Disagree
Dont
know
38
10
46
28
10
12
20
25
40
16
14
20
STATEMENT
(2)
50
40
Number of
people
30
20
10
0
Agree
4
Statement
Disagree
Dont know
Figure 4c
22
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(ii) What conclusions can be reached about peoples views on the use of
renewable and non-renewable energy?
(6)
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(d) Explain the factors affecting the location and growth of one named high-tech
manufacturing industry.
(9)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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lower
income
less
investment
in farming
lower
productivity
RURAL
POVERTY
more
pests
and
diseases
B
more
illness
increased
malnutrition
Figure 5a
(i) Complete boxes A and B by correctly using two of the following labels.
poor water
overproduction
food shortage
higher income
(ii) State two ways in which less investment in farming could lead to the
occurrence of more pests and diseases on the farm.
(2)
(2)
26
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(1)
A commercial
B extensive
C subsistence
(iv) Give a reason for your answer to (iii).
(1)
(b) (i) Explain how food shortages are a cause of rural population change in some
LICs.
(3)
(ii) Describe two ways in which food production in some LICs is being increased.
(4)
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fertiliser
corn
corn
soya
beans
livestock
weeds
irrigation
irrigation
B
!
(i) Add arrowed labels to the sketch for two of the following field observations.
!" animal waste fertilises soil
!" bees pollinate crops
!" soya beans fix nitrogen in soil
!" weeds take water and nutrients from corn and soya beans
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(2)
(ii) What evidence is there in the field sketch to conclude that this farm is a
system in operation?
(6)
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(d) Explain why either a named national park or a named protected area was chosen
for conservation.
(9)
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6 Urban environments
(a) Study Figure 6a, which is a cartoon about urban life.
Figure 6a
(i) What is the urban problem highlighted by the cartoon?
Put a cross in the correct box.
(1)
A crime
B congestion
C poverty
(ii) Give one piece of evidence which suggests that the cartoon is set close to a CBD.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
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(iii) State three problems associated with rapid urbanisation other than the one
highlighted in Figure 6a.
(3)
(1)
(b) (i) Explain the difference between a greenfield site and a brownfield site.
(3)
(ii) With reference to HICs, describe how inner-city areas outside the CBD are
changing.
(4)
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(c) Study Figure 6b, which shows the results of an environmental quality (EQ) survey
at five sites in a town in an HIC.
Site
Street
cleanliness
score
Outside
appearance
of buildings
score
Occupancy
of
buildings
score
Total
EQ
score
(CBD core)
13
(CBD edge)
(Inner city)
10
(Inner city
regenerated)
12
(Suburbs)
15
Figure 6b
(i) Plot the Total EQ scores for sites 4 and 5 on Figure 6c.
(2)
15
Total
EQ
score
10
Data
collection
sites
Figure 6c
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(ii) What conclusions can be reached about the pattern of environmental quality
in this city?
You should refer to Figures 6b and 6c in your answer.
(6)
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(d) Explain why the edges of cities in HICs differ from those of cities in LICs.
Reference to named cities may help your answer.
(9)
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7 Fragile environments
(a) Study Figure 7a, which shows three different forecasts of future global emissions
of CO2 from 2010.
45
based on current practices
ast 1
c
Fore
billions
tonnes
of
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
Forecast 2
35
For
e
cas
25
t3
15
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
year
average
global
temperature
0.7 C above
1900 value
by this
date
Figure 7a
(i) How much carbon dioxide (CO2) was emitted in 2010?
(1)
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(ii) What is the most probable cause of the increase in global CO2 emissions?
Put a cross in the correct box.
(1)
A recycling
B solar activity
C fossil fuel burning
(iii) State how emissions are forecast to change if countries continue with their
current policies.
(1)
(iv) There has been a rise in average global temperature since 1900. State two
other changes to weather and climate that have occurred along with this
increase in temperature.
(2)
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39
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(2)
(4)
(iii) Describe the changes that people might have to make in order to adapt to the
effects of global warming.
(4)
40
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Figure 7b
Explain the consequences of desertification for people living in affected areas.
(6)
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(d) Explain why a named area of tropical rainforest is under threat of clearance.
Name of area:
(9)
........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...............................
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Americas
1995 2020
19.3% 18.1%
Middle East
1995 2020
2.2% 4.4%
Africa
1995 2020
3.6% 5.0%
Figure 8a
Global tourism in
millions
actual
1995
actual
2010
forecast
2020
average annual
growth rate (%)
565.4
1006.4
1561.1
4.1
Figure 8b
(i) State which of the regions shown by Figure 8a is expected to:
(2)
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(2)
(1)
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(2)
(4)
(4)
2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
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(c) Study Figure 8c, which shows a modern industrial area in Asia.
Figure 8c
Explain the part being played by either China or India in the global economy.
(6)
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(9)
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Group A
Japan
Spain
UK
80
China
Turkey
India
Russia
70
France
USA
Brazil
Group B
Pakistan
60
Kenya
50
Life
expectancy
in 2010
(years)
40
Somalia
Group C
Nigeria
Afghanistan
30
20
10
16
14
12
10
(1)
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(ii) Which of the terms HIC, MIC, LIC best describes the countries in:
(2)
1. group A
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. group C
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2)
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(b) (i) What is meant by the term GDP (gross domestic product)?
(2)
(ii) Describe two indicators of development other than life expectancy and GDP.
(4)
(4)
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(c) Study Figure 9b, which shows areas of contrasting quality of life within the city of
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Figure 9b
Give reasons for the contrast in quality of life within urban areas.
Reference to examples may help your answer.
(6)
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(d) Explain how population changes are being managed in one named country.
Named country:
(9)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. .
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