EuroCham-2010-Trade Issues and Recommendations

JkAbL lSSULS & kLCOMMLNbAJlONS
2010
CAC VAN E IHUONG MAl VA KlEN NGHJ
Contents/Muc luc
Chairman's Introduction
Progress Report 2008 / 2009
Overview White Book 2010
ImpIementation of WTO-Commitments
InteIIectuaI Property Protection
Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A)
PharmaceuticaIs
Energy
Banking
Branded Consumer Products
TeIecommunications
Human Resources
Transport and Logistics
Tax
Transfer Pricing
Wine and Spirits
BuiIding MateriaIs SuppIy
Tourism
Automotive
RetaiI
03
04
12
20
26
38
44
54
74
84
94
100
Li gii thiu
Tm tt hin trang kin ngh[ 2008/2009
Tng quan v n bn nm 2010
Tuyn b thc hin cam kt - WTO
Bo h quyn s hu tr tu
Mua bn v sp nhp doanh nghip (M&A)
Duc phm
Nng Iung
Ngn hng
Sn phm tiu dng c thuong hiu
Vin thng
Vn ti v giao nhn
Ngun nhn Ic
Thu
Chuyn gi
Ruu vang v ruu manh
Cung cp vt Iiu xy dng
Du I[ch
t
Bn I
03
05
13
21
27
39
45
55
75
85
95
101
106
114
126
132
136
140
146
150
107
115
127
133
137
141
147
151
Li gii thiu Introduction
I am very pleased to present to you our second edition of
EuroCham's "White Book of Trade Issues and
Recommendations". Like the first edition, the book aims to
summarize some of the key issues affecting the business
climate for European businesses in Vietnam. Even though
the book remains sector-specific in nature, we have
included in the second edition some key areas that cover
most - if not all - industries doing business in Vietnam, like
for example Intellectual Property protection, Mergers and
Acquisitions (M&A) and the state of Vietnam's
implementation of WTO-commitments.

Despite the ongoing impact of the global economic crisis,
we believe that Vietnam is back on track already: Growth
will reach around 5% in 2009 and is projected to be at
around 6,5% in 2010. However, the government should not
get "sidetracked" by this short-term rebound, but focus
instead on the fundamental constraints to Vietnam's
competitiveness: That not only means opening up the
telecoms-, energy-, pharmaceutical- and retail industries
to foreign competition. But it also means equitizing the
state-owned enterprises, and tackling bureaucracy and
corruption which affect many of our European businesses.
Without such reforms, Vietnam will find it hard to rise above
its present niche as a low-cost manufacturing base into the
more diversified, richer economy it could become.
In particular, EuroCham believes that the full and timely
implementation of Vietnam's WTO-commitments in 2010
will be a fundamental factor for Vietnam's attractiveness to
European investors and should therefore be high on the
Vietnamese government's agenda. 2010 will constitute a
key period as many limitations both in terms of investment
forms and foreign ownership limits in committed service
sectors shall be lifted. EuroCham believes that almost
three years after WTO-accession, it is a good opportunity
to examine what has been achieved and where there are
still improvements to be made. We also strongly believe
that reducing bureaucracy, avoiding over-regulation and
carefully watching signs of discrimination between foreign
and Vietnamese companies will help keeping Vietnam an
attractive investment destination in the future.
In this edition, we have included for the first time a
Progress-Update that will show specifically the progress
that has been made over the last year in the particular
sectors. As one example of good progress we are
particularly proud to say that we were able to convince the
Vietnamese government to cancel the personal income tax
on allowances for expatriate employees in Vietnam,
thereby avoiding significant increase of cost of doing
business for our members in Vietnam.

Once again, we hope that you will read our White Book
2010 with interest and that its publication will serve to
stimulate discussion on some of the lead issues facing the
foreign business community in Vietnam. As always,
EuroCham is ready to further discuss and advise on the
implementation of any of the changes proposed here. We
hope that the "White Book 2010" will be well received by the
Vietnamese Government and can contribute to Vietnam's
success story in the future!
Yours faithfully,
Alain Cany,
Chairman
European Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam
November 2009

Ti rt hn hanh gii thiu vi qu vj tp sch "Cc vn d
Thuong mai v Kin nghj duoc EuroCham xut bn ln th
hai. Ging nhu ln xut bn th nht, tp sch ny nhm
tm tt cc vn d chnh hin dang nh hung dn mi
trung kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip Chu u tai Vit
Nam. Mc d v co bn, danh muc cc ngnh trong cun
sch l ging vi ln xut bn truc, nhung trong ln xut
bn ny chng ti d dua vo mt vi kha canh chnh bao
trm hu ht, nu khng phi l tt c, cc ngnh cng
nghip dang hoat dng tai Vit Nam, v du nhu bo v quyn
shu tr tu, mua bn v sp nhp doanh nghip (M&A) v
tnh hnh thuc hin cc cam kt WTO ca Vit Nam.
Mc d dang hng chju nh hung ca khng hong kinh t
ton cu, chng ti tin rng nn kinh t Vit Nam d hi phuc
tr lai: tng trung s dat mc 5% trong nm 2009 v du
don s dat khong 6.5% nm 2010. Tuy nhin, Chnh ph
khng nn dng "bn l bng su phuc hi kinh t trong
ngn han ny, m thay vo d l tp trung gii quyt nhng
ro cn cn bn nh hung dn tnh canh tranh ca Vit
Nam. iu d c ngha l khng chi m ca cc ngnh vin
thng, nng luong, duoc phm v bn l d canh tranh vi
nuc ngoi, m cn phi c phn ha tt c cc doanh
nghip nh nuc ln, v gii quyt nan quan liu, tham
nhng dang nh hung dn nhiu doanh nghip Chu u.
Khng c nhng ci cch nhu vy, Vit Nam s kh c th
vuot ln khi mt thj trung hin tai dua trn nn sn xut
c chi ph thp d c th tr thnh mt nn kinh t phn
thjnh hon, da dang hon.
EuroCham dc bit tin tung rng vic thuc hin dy d v
kjp thi cc cam kt WTO ca Vit Namtrong nm 2010 s
l mt nhn t co bn d Vit Nam thu ht cc nh du tu
Chu u v v vy phi dt uu tin cao trong chuong trnh
nghj su ca Chnh ph Vit Nam. Nm 2010 s l mt nm
quan trong v Vit Nam s d b cc han ch c v hnh
thc du tu v v gii han quyn s hu ca nuc ngoi
trong cc ngnh djch vu d cam kt. EuroCham tin rng sau
gn 3 nm gia nhp WTO, dy l mt co hi tt d dnh gi
nhng g d dat duoc v lnh vuc no cn duoc ci thin.
Chng ti tin chc rng vic gim nan quan liu, trnh th
tuc rum r v dc bit luu dn vic phn bit di x gia
cc doanh nghip Vit Nam v nuc ngoi s gip Vit Nam
lun l mt dim du tu hp dn trong tuong lai.
Trong ln xut bn ny, chng ti cng b sung ln du tin
Phn Cp Nht ch yu dua ra nhng tin trin d dat duoc
trong nm qua trong mt s lnh vuc cu th. Mt v du v su
tin trin d l chng ti dc bit vui mng khi Chnh ph
Vit Nam xa b thu thu nhp c nhn dnh trn tin tro
cp ca cc lao dng nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam, do d gim
dng k chi ph hoat dng kinh doanh cho cc cng ty hi
vin ca chng ti tai Vit Nam.
Mt ln na chng ti hy vong qu vj s doc Cc vn d
Thuong mai v Kin nghj 2010 ca chng ti v n phm
ny s thc dy cc cuc tho lun v cc vn d ch cht
m cng dng doanh nghip nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam dang
gp phi. EuroCham lun sn sng tho lun thm v tham
vn v vic thuc hin bt ky thay di no duoc d xut tai
dy.
Chng ti hy vong "Cc vn d Thuong mai v Kin nghj
2010 s duoc Chnh ph Vit Nam dn nhn tch cuc v c
th gp phn vo thnh cng ca Vit Nam trong tuong lai!
Trn trong,
AIain Cany
Ch t[ch
Phng Thuong mai Chu u tai Vit Nam
Thng 11, 2009
PROGRESS REPORT 2008/2009
TRADE ISSUES & RECOMMENDATIONS 04
SECTOR PROGRESS 2008/2009 RATING
ImpIementation
of WTO -
Commitments
Vietnam continuously passes new laws, decrees and circulars to
implement WTO commitments.
Retail and distribution in practice remains a protected industry where
Vietnam imposes limitations by applying an "Economic Needs Test
based on soft criteria.
No clear guidance has been issued to foreign owned
pharmaceutical companies to establish 100% foreign owned
st
subsidiaries in VN. Despite clear WTO commitment effective 1
January 2009 so far no pharmaceutical company has been granted
an import license.
New Law on ntellectual Property (P) and reform of the criminal

code as regards PRinfringement addresses many key issues.
The National Office of ntellectual Property (NOP) continues to
issue inconsistent decisions on whether one trademark infringes
another.
The administrative and criminal enforcement of P-rights still falls
short in a number of aspects.
Speculative and abusive registration and maintenance of ".vn
domain names remains a problem in Vietnam.
InteIIectuaI
Property
Protection
Despite clear rules, acquisition of shares in Vietnamese enterprises
according to WTO rules is often prevented or delayed by provincial
Departments of Planning and nvestment (DPs).

Consistent regulations, registration procedures and training of local
DPs to execute such regulations and procedures have still to be
improved.
Mergers and
Acquisitions
(M&A)
PharmaceuticaIs
Legal and administrative requirements to bringing new and
innovative medicines to Vietnam remain burdensome.
Lawon data exclusivity yet to be issued.
The printing requirements of expiry date (for both drugs and
vaccines) and compulsory information on small label in the primary
packaging (for vaccine) has to be improved in a number of aspects.
Good progress / Achievement

n progress / mprovement
No progress / Not addressed
IHE EbPOPEAN CHAM8EP OF COMMEPCE IN VIEINAM

TM TAT HIEN TRANG KIN NGH[ 2008/2009
CC VN THUONG MAI VA KHUYN NGH|
05
Trin khai c hiu qu/ Thnh tuu
ang trin khai/ Ci thin
Khng ci thin/ Chua trin khai
Thc hin
cc cam kt
vi WTO
Vit Nam d v dang ban hnh cc thng tu, nghj djnh v lut mi d
thuc hin cc cam kt vi T chc Thuong mai Th gii WTO.
Lnh vuc phn phi v bn l vn l ngnh duoc bo h do Vit Nam
vn p dung "Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh t theo mt s tiu ch.
Chua c quy djnh r rng cho cc cng ty duoc nuc ngoi v vic
thnh lp cc chi nhnh 100% ch s hu nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam.
Mc d nhng cam kt vi WTO d bt du c hiu luc t ngy 01
thng 01 nm 2009, cho dn nay vn chua c cng ty duoc nuc
ngoi no duoc cp giy php nhp khu.
Lut mi v Quyn s hu tr tu (P) v sa di B Lut Hnh su,

phn ti pham lin quan dn quyn shu tr tu d gii quyt duoc
nhiu vn d trong yu.
Cuc S hu Tr tu (NOP) vn dua ra nhng quyt djnh chua nht
qun v vic vi pham thuong hiu ca cc doanh nghip.

Vic x l hnh chnh v x l hnh su di vi cc trung hop vi
pham quyn shu tr tu vn cn han ch mt s mt.
Vic du co v lam dung dng k v qun l tn min ".vn
vn cn l mt vn d Vit Nam.
Mc d d duoc quy djnh rt r rng, vic mua lai c phn trong cc
doanh nghip Vit Nam theo quy djnh ca WTO vn thung bj cc
SK hoach v u tu khng cho php hoc tr hon tin hnh.

Cc quy djnh nht qun, th tuc dng k v cng tc tp hun ca
cc S K hoach v u tu trong vic thi hnh cc quy djnh v th
tuc d vn cn duoc ci thin hon na.
Cc yu cu v hnh chnh v php l di vi vic dua cc sn
phm thuc mi vo thj trung Vit Nam vn cn l mt ro cn.
Lut dc quyn d liu vn chua duoc ban hnh.
Vic yu cu in han s dung trn bao b (di vi c thuc v vc xin)
v cc thng tin bt buc trn nhn nh dn trn bao b truc tip
dng sn phm cn duoc ci thin trn mt s mt.
LNH VUC HIEN TRANG TIN Q 2008/2009 NH GI

Bo v quyn
s hu tr tu
Mua bn
v Sp nhp
cng ty (M&A)
Duc phm
PHNG THUONG MAI CHU U TAI VIT NAM
Energy
Adjusting energy prices towards market levels.
Maintaining government guarantees in order to encourage foreign
investment and lessen the perception of high risk in relation to major
projects.
Although recent revised bidding regulations seem to require
competitive bidding for infrastructure projects if there is more than
one interested party, projects to date have been largely undertaken
without a competitive bidding process. For each such project, there
is no efficient mechanism in place to agree a PPAtariff with EVNand
no independent body to mediate between EVN, the Ministries and
the power producer.
Aforward looking roadmap for the banking industry.
Efficiency and clarity in the way the market and the regulations
should work so as to ultimately reduce the "cost of delivery of
banking products and services to businesses and consumers.
Clear guiding principles and removal of major impediments for the
Consumer Banking and Consumer Finance industries.
Banking
No progress has been made towards the establishment of a legal
framework that would allowfor electronic invoicing.
Exaggerated registration requirements for promotional campaigns
cause tremendous administrative burdens and paper work for both
enterprises and the authorities, given Vietnam has 63 provinces.
There is no legislation that simplifies and synchronizes advertising
procedures for all categories/forms of advertising whilst respecting
specific requirements of differentiation.
Branded
Consumer
Products
TeIecommunications
Human
Resources
Anew draft Labor Code Draft was issued in August 2009 and is due
to be valid from 1st January 2011.
Within this Code, certain rules relating to probation period, working
times and overtime should be adjusted to meet companies'
demands.
The new Telecommunication Law provides a transparent and

updated regulatory framework to cope with globalization and the fast
developing telecommunication landscape in Vietnam. The new
Radio Frequency Lawwill regulate the issuing and use of frequency
bands and provide guidelines to developing, issuing and
implementing radio frequency plans.
Opening of the state owned telecommunication companies to
strategic investors is not going forward, no clear timeframe for this.
07
iu chinh gi nng luong tin gn ti mc gi nim yt trn thj trung.
Gi vng cc cam kt ca Nh nuc d khuyn khch vn du tu
nuc ngoi v gim thiu ri ro cho cc du n quan trong.
Mc d nhng quy djnh v du thu gn dy duoc diu chinh cho du
thu canh tranh di vi cc du n v co s ha tng trong trung hop
c nhiu bn tham gia du thu, tuy nhin nhng du n duoc nhn
thu cho dn thi dim ny vn chua tun theo dng cc quy trnh
ca vic du thu canh tranh. i vi cc du n nhu th, khng c
mt coch hiu qu kjp thi d thng nht thu quan PPAvi EVNv
khng c co quan dc lp no thm djnh gia EVN, cc B v nh
cung cp din.
Ngnh ngn hng dang c nhiu tn hiu dng mng.
Cn nng cao tnh hiu qu v minh bach trong vn hnh coch thj
thung d gim bt "chi ph cung cp di vi cc sn phm v djch
vu ca ngnh ngn hng cho c doanh nghip v ngui tiu dng.
Cn c nhng quy djnh hung dn cu th v loai b nhng tr ngai
chnh cho ngnh Ngn hng tiu dng v Ti chnh tiu dng.
Vn chua c ci tin no trong vic thit lp mt khung php l cho
php luu hnh ho don din t.
Nhng yu cu phc tap trong vic dng k cc chin djch qung
co tao nn nhiu gnh nng hnh chnh v cng vic giy tcho c
doanh nghip v cc co quan chc nng, khi m Vit Nam c ti 63
tinh thnh.
Vn chua c co ch don gin v dng b v th tuc qung co cho
tt c cc loai hnh/ danh muc qung co, va dm bo tn trong cc
yu cu ring ca tng qung co.
Mt du tho ca B lut Lao dng d duoc cng b vo thng 08
nm 2009 v s c hiu luc t ngy 01/01/2011.
Vi b lut ny, nhng quy djnh lin quan dn thi gian th vic,
khung thi gian lm vic chnh thc v quy djnh v lm vic ngoi
gis duoc diu chinh d dp ng nhu cu ca cc cng ty.
Lut Vin thng mi ban hnh d cung cp mt khung php l cu th

v minh bach d di mt vi nhu cu ton cu ha v mt bng pht
trin vin thng nhanh chng Vit Nam. Lut mi ban hnh v tn
s v tuyn s diu chinh vic cp pht v s dung cc nhm bng
tn v nhmdjnh hung cho cc k hoach pht trin, cp pht v s
dung tn s v tuyn.
Cc cng ty vin thng Nh nuc vn chua thuc su mca cho cc
nh du tuchin luoc v vn chua c mt khung thi gian r rng
Nng Iung
Ngn hng
Ngnh
sn phm
tiu dng
c thuong hiu
Vin thng
Nhn s
Tax
NewPersonal ncome Tax (PT) lawwith reduced tax rates from 5%
to 35%, postponing and then eliminating Personal ncome Tax (PT)
for the first six months of 2009, cancelling taxation of certain
allowances for expatriate employees.
Reduction of the Corporate ncome Tax (CT) rate to 25%.
New CT law has only increased the cap on deductibility of
advertising and promotional expenses from 10% to 15%, and only
for companies during the first 3 years of operations.
While the services of airlines and shipping lines are considered to be
international transportation subject to 0% VAT, freight forwarding is
subject to VATat 10%. For freight forwarders the transportation cost
is zero rated for VAT purposes but the profit element is subject to
10% VAT.
Transfer Pricing
No clear guidance in relation to transfer-pricing related audit
procedures and potential penalties in the new draft circular on
Transfer Pricing.
n particular, it is not completely clear if the audit procedures will be
exactly the same as a tax audit or if they may differ in material
respects.
No safe-harbor provisions for late preparation of transfer pricing
documents provided they are made available to the tax authorities
within the normal period allowed during an investigation.
No coordinated approach with regards to coordinating customs
valuations with other valuations of other authorities.
Transport
&
Logistics
Constant development in infrastructure and transportation matters;

however further significant improvement is needed.
Port and road infrastructure has improved since 2008, but some
issues like accessibility of ports by road/rail still urgently needs to be
improved.
nfrastructure investment has increased compared to 2008,
however much more needs to be done.
Safety and security in the sector have improved compared to 2008.
Customs rules and ED/E-customs: test phase and planned action
seen, however, final roll-out not yet done.
Payment procedures: Cash payment of taxes and duties still the only
way to get shipment released immediately. Setting up funds to draw
from not possible yet.
09
Thu
Lut thu thu nhp c nhn (PT) mi vi ti l gim thu t 5% dn
35% d duoc tr hon v sau d duoc min thu thu nhp c nhn
cho 6 thng du nm 2009, xo b thu cho mt s loai tro cp di
vi lao dng ngui nuc ngoi.
Gim thu thu nhp ca doanh nghip xung cn 25%.
Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip mi chi tng duoc phn khu tr
ca chi ph qung co t 10% ln 15%, v chi p dung cho cc cng
ty trong vng 3 nm du mi thnh lp.
Tuy VAT di vi chi ph vn chuyn quc t trong cc djch vu vn
chuyn bng dung hng khng v dung bin hin tai l 0 %,
nhung thu sut VAT p dung cho giao nhn hng ha lai l 10%.
Trong thi gian ti, thu VATdi vi chi ph vn chuyn ca cc cng
ty giao nhn s chju 0%, nhung yu t mang lai loi nhun phi chiu
10% VAT.
Chua c quy djnh r rng v vic chuyn gi lin quan dn cc th
tuc kim ton v hnh phat di km trong du tho mi v chuyn gi

c bit, vn chua c thng tin chi tit liu cc th tuc kim ton c
ging vi kim ton thu khng hay l s khc nhau v mt giy t.

Khng c diu khon no v "min tr trch nhim di vi vic lp
h sogiy tchuyn gi mun min l cc giy tny duoc np cho
cc co quan thu trong thi gian cho php thng thung trong qu
trnh diu tra.
Co quan hi quan v cc co quan qun l nh nuc khc nhau
khng c phi hop dng b lin quan dn vic djnh gi.
Mc d co s ha tng v giao thng vn ti khng ngng pht trin,

vn cn nhng mt thit yu cn ci thin hon na.
Co s ha tng dung b v dung thu du d duoc nng cp nhiu
k t nm 2008; tuy nhin, cn phi ci thin ngay mt s vn d nhu
kh nng kt ni luu thng bng dung b v dung st gia cc
cng.
u tu vo co s ha tng d tng ln so vi nm 2008; tuy nhin, cn
phi lm nhiu hon th na.
an ton v an ninh trong ngnh d duoc ci thin so vi nm nm 2008.
i vi cc quy djnh v hi quan v hi quan din t/ED: d xong giai
doan th nghim v c k hoach hoat dng, nhung vic p dung trn
thuc t lai chua duoc tin hnh.
Cc th tuc thanh ton: Vic thanh ton thu v cc loai l ph khc vn
chi c tin mt l cch nhanh nht d hng ho nhanh chng duoc
chuyn di. Nn cho php cc dai l hi quan duoc k qu d thanh
ton dn.
Giao thng
v
Hu cn
Chuyn gi
BuiIding
MateriaIs
SuppIy
(Cement)
Competitive market pricing is not yet allowed so not all producers
can have a fair chance to supply the market based on fair
competition and their true costs to operate.
Removing preferential treatment for local companies, as well as
State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) who are supposed to be going
through equitization, in gaining access to financial capital for large-
capacity investments.
Wine and Spirits
Vietnamese Government's move towards a single rate for all distilled
spirits above 20 abv.
Reducing the Special Consumption Tax (SCT) on imported spirits
above 20 abv from 65% to 45%.
However, the 45% SCT rate should be applicable on the CF price
for importers, excluding customs duties.
Elimination of all discrimination in the advertising activities and an
access on equal terms for all products.
Tourism
Limited Visa-exemptions only for ASEAN passport holders for stays
of 30 days or less, or passport holders from Denmark, Norway,
Finland, Sweden, Japan, Korea and Russia for a period of 15 days
or less.
Moreover, the present "Visa-On-Arrival system is a complicated
process: n fact, a "Visa-On-Arrival can only be issued if certain
documentation is provided before arrival, making it a misnomer in
Reducing the import duty on CKDparts.

Definition of "used cars in CBU importation often abused as an
illegal channel to import "almost new CBU but with a lower import
duty.
Automotive
Retail in practice remains among a protected industry where
Vietnam imposes limitations by applying an "Economic Needs Test
based on soft criteria.
RetaiI
11
Vic canh tranh bng gi c trn thj trung vn chua duoc cho
php, do d khng phi tt c cc nh cung cp du c cohi ngang
nhau d cung cp vt liu cho thj trung trn co s canh tranh cng
bng v hoat dng dua trn gi c thuc t.
Loai b vic di x uu di di vi cc cng ty trong nuc, cng nhu
cc doanh nghip nh nuc thuc di tuong s c phn ho trong
vic tip cn vn ti chnh cho nhng khon du tu ln.
Chnh ph Vit Nam chuyn sang chi dng mt ti l nht djnh cho tt
c cc loai ruou manh duoc chung ct c d cn trn 20.
Gim thu tiu thu dc bit cho cc loai ruou manh nhp khu c d
cn trn 200: t 65% xung cn 45%.
Tuy nhin, mc 45% thu tiu thu dc bit ny nn dnh trn gi CF
di vi nh nhp khu, chua bao gm thu v ph hi quan.
Xo b su phn bit di x trong hoat dng qung co v tin dn
cc diu khon quy djnh nhunhau di vi moi sn phm.
Du I[ch
Hin tai, chi nhng cng dn mang h chiu ASEAN duoc min tr
Thj thuc nu luu tr 30 ngy hoc t hon, v chi nhng ngui mang
h chiu an Mach, Na Uy, Phn Lan, Thuy in, Nht, Hn Quc
v Nga duoc vo Vit Nam trong vng ti da 15 ngy th khng cn
Thj thuc.
Hon na, h thng "thj thuc tai ca khu l mt qu trnh rt phc
tap. Trn thuc t, "thj thuc tai ca khu chi duoc cp khi d c mt
s giy t nht djnh duoc np tai Vit Nam truc khi ngui nuc
ngoi d thuc su dn Vit Nam, d l mt quy trnh kh thuc hin.
Gim bt thu nhp khu cho linh kin CKD.

jnh ngha " t d qua s dung trong nhp khu CBU thung bj
hiu sai l mt knh bun bn bt hop php nhm nhp khu "hu
ht cc CBUvi mc thu nhp khu thp hon.
Ngnh bn l vn l mt ngnh duoc bo h trong d Vit Nam p
dung mt s gii han bng cch thuc hin "Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh
t trn cosmt s tiu ch.
Bn I
Ruu vang
v
ruu manh
Cung cp
vt Iiu
xy dng
(Xi-mng)
t
TRADE ISSUES & RECOMMENDATIONS
12
OVERVIEW
We have seen over the past fewmonths the mild recovery of most industry sectors: Credit has
become accessible, cheap and flowing more easily, and the stock market has more than
doubled within 2009. This can largely be attributed to the Government's first stimulus package,
which reduced by 30% corporate income tax rates for small and medium-sized enterprises for
the fourth quarter of 2008 and for 2009, and cut by half the value-added tax on certain goods
and services until end of 2009. t also decided to give one-time additional financial assistance
to poor households and to firms a 4 percentage point interest rate subsidy on their short-term
(up to 8 months) loans contracted and disbursed in February-December 2009. As a result, the
Vietnamese economy is now projected to grow at 5% in 2009 and at 6,5% in 2010. nflation is
projected to be relatively lowboth years.
However, at the same time, economists are still concerned about the sustainability of the
recovery, fuelled as it is by government spending and cheap credit. The Asian Development
Bank predicts that Vietnam's budget deficit will widen from 4.1% of GDP in 2008 to 10.3% in
2009. Financing the gap may not be easy. nvestors these days are averse to risky emerging-
market government debt. With foreign-currency reserves covering only around three months'
of imports and an expected weakening of capital inflows (FD, portfolio and private remittances
inflows), vulnerability on the balance of payments front is constraining the degree of monetary
easing and fiscal stimulus available to the authorities. This calls for particular attention to be
paid to the financing of government budget deficits. The main near-term challenge now is to
limit the slowdown in growth while keeping the fiscal and current account deficits in check.
n the medium term, the Government needs to balance growth without fueling inflation or
widening the current account deficit. The Vietnamese Economy is still relatively small in scale
and businesses are very reactive to monetary or fiscal policies. Therefore, EuroCham believes
that the subsidized interest scheme was very effective but seems now a bit too generous and
too general. With the five-yearly Communist Party congress to be held in 2011, pressure to
continue the stimulus is likely to be intense. f the Vietnamese government decides to continue
the stimulus, it should be well-targeted, to alleviate poverty and enhance efficient infrastructure
projects, rather than general tax and interest-rate relief for small-medium enterprises.
Beneficiaries of subsidized interest loans should be narrowed down for supporting exports and
good equipments investments (machinery, trucks, etc.).
On a broader perspective, the focus on the government's fiscal stimulus may have distracted
Vietnam from general reform processes: We believe that the government should not get
"sidetracked by the short-term rebound, but focus instead on the fundamental constraints to
the economy's competitiveness. n a general sense, we feel the correct course for the
government in the present climate is to accelerate the structural changes within the economy
so as to enhance productivity and maximize the nation's retention of its growth potential. That
means continuing reform processes on all levels: First, micro reforms such as opening up the
telecom-, pharmaceutical- and retail industries to foreign competition. Second, streamlining
the state-owned enterprises, and, more generally, tackling the scourges of corruption and red
tape. n particular, EuroCham believes that pushing on with state-owned enterprise reform
(particularly state-owned commercial banks reform) has an important role to play in the
strengthening of the economy as a whole. EuroCham recommends that the Government
accelerates the equitization process and announces a clear roadmap and timetable to
TONG QUAN
13
Tai Vit Nam, trong vi thng qua, su phuc hi nhe ca hu ht cc ngnh cng nghip cng
duoc ghi nhn: tn dung d tr nn d tip cn, r v lun chuyn d dng hon, thj trung
chng khon d tng gp di trong nm 2009. iu ny phn ln l nhgi kch cu kinh t du
tin ca Chnh ph, trong d gim 30% mc thu sut thu nhp doanh nghip cho cc doanh
nghip nh v va cho qu V nm 2008 v c nm 2009, v bng cch ct gim 50% thu gi
trj gia tng di vi mt s hng ha v djch vu nht djnh dn ht nm 2009. Chnh ph cng
quyt djnh h troti chnh b sung mt ln cho cc h ngho v cho cng ty bng hnh thc tro
cp li sut 4% di vi cc hop dng vay vn ngn han (dn 8 thng) v gii ngn t thng 2
dn thng 12 nm 2009. Kt qu l, nn kinh t Vit Nam hin nay du kin tng trung 5% nm
2009 v 6,5% nm 2010. Lam pht duoc du bo s tuong di thp trong c hai nm ny.
Tuy nhin, cng thi gian ny, cc nh kinh t vn cn lo ngai v tnh bn vng ca su phuc hi
kinh t bng bin php tng chi tiu Chnh ph v tn dung r. Ngn hng Pht trin Chu du
bo rng thm hut ngn sch ca Vit Nam s tng t 4,1% GDP nm 2008 ln 10,3% nm
2009. B dp cho khon thm hut ny khng d. Cc nh du tu ngy nay du khng mun
mao him vi tri phiu Chnh ph tai thj trung mi ni. Vi du tr ngoai t chi d d trang tri
khong ba thng nhp khu v du bo su suy yu ca cc lung vn (t du tu truc tip nuc
ngoi, du tu gin tip dn chuyn tin tu nhn), cn cn thanh ton yu dang cn tr Chnh
ph thuc thi chnh sch ni lng tin t v kch thch ti chnh. iu ny ku goi Chnh ph cn
ch trong dc bit dn b dp cc khon thm hut ngn sch. Nhng thch thc ch yu truc
mt l han ch su tr tr trong tng trung trong khi vn theo di thm hut ti khon vng lai v
thm hut ngn sch.
Trong trung han, Chnh ph cn cn di tng trung m khng gy ra lam pht hoc m rng
thm hut cn cn ti khon vng lai. Nn kinh t Vit Nam vn tuong di nh v quy m v cc
doanh nghip phn ng rt nhanh vi cc chnh sch tin t v chnh sch ti kha. V vy,
EuroCham tin tung rng chuong trnh trocp li sut d pht huy rt hiu qu nhung hin nay
dung nhu qu rng ri v qu chung chung. Vi ai hi ng nhim ky 5 nm s t chc vo
nm 2011, p luc d tip tuc gi kch thch dung nhu rt cng thng. Nu Chnh ph Vit Nam
quyt djnh tip tuc kch thch, chuong trnh ny phi duoc djnh hung tt nhm gim ngho v
thc dy cc du n co s ha tng c hiu qu, hon l gim thu v li sut ni chung cho cc
doanh nghip nh v va. Cn thu hep nhng di tuong duoc hung cc khon vay h tro li
sut dnh cho h troxut khu v du tu trang thit bj tt (my mc, xe ti, v.v.).
ng trn quan dim rng hon, vic Chnh ph ch trong kch thch ti chnh d lm chch
hung ca Vit Nam trong qu trnh ci cch chung: chng ti tin rng Chnh ph khng nn "di
chch dung bng vic phuc hi manh trong ngn han, m thay vo d phi tp trung vo vic
gii quyt cc ro cn cn bn nh hung dn kh nng canh tranh ca nn kinh t. Theo cm
nhn chung, chng ti cho rng dung hung dng dn ca Chnh ph trong tnh hnh hin nay
l thc dy thay di co cu kinh t sao cho c th tng nng sut v pht huy ti da cc tim
nng tng trung cn tim n ca quc gia. iu d c ngha l tip tuc qu trnh ci cch trn
tt c cc cp: Truc tin, ci cch vi m, chng han mca ngnh vin thng, duoc phm v
bn l d canh tranh vi nuc ngoi. Th hai, c phn ha cc doanh nghip nh nuc, v hon
na l gii quyt nan tham nhng v quan liu. Cu th, EuroCham tin tung rng vic dy manh
ci cch doanh nghip nh nuc (dc bit l ci cch cc ngn hng thuong mai nh nuc) s
c vai tr quan trong trong vic dy manh ton b nn kinh t. EuroCham khuyn nghj Chnh
14
OVERVIEW
potential strategic partners, in particular in the banking and telecommunications sectors.
Without these reforms, Vietnam will find it hard to rise above its present niche as a low-cost
manufacturing base into the more diversified, richer economy it could become.
With regards to infrastructure, we have observed troubling delays in many important
infrastructure projects, serving as an impediment to both growth and productivity. We therefore
encourage the government to involve the private sector to speed up completion of those key
projects underway and pending. With container shipping demand already challenging terminal
capacity, the state of the nation's ports remains an issue of the utmost importance and one
which risks having a severely limiting effect on future investment if not addressed
comprehensively and as a matter of urgency.
EuroCham notes that in this context, consumption of electricity has been growing by 15%
annually, hence substantially surpassing the economic growth rates, and is expected to reach
3.5 times the current 2009 figure by 2020. Compared to some other countries in the region,
Vietnam has fallen behind with respect to developing a competitive electricity market. This issue
has not yet been settled due to a number of problems, of which electricity pricing is probably the
most significant. This key problem is leading to a shortage of investment capital and threatening
to perpetuate the slower growth in power capacity. Until the regulatory environment in Vietnam
has reached an internationally competitive level, EuroCham recommends adjusting energy
prices and maintaining government guarantees in order to encourage foreign investment and
lessen the perception of high risk in relation to major energy projects.
We also encourage the Vietnamese government to full and timely implementation of Vietnam's
WTO commitments: Over the past years, Vietnam has greatly benefited from significant
Foreign Direct nvestments (FD) influxes triggered upon its accession to the WTO. The
resulting liberalization in significant service sectors has offered promising opportunities for
business development to foreign investors, notably in the fields of distribution, banking and
telecommunications. Vietnam now needs to demonstrate to the international community its
willingness to comply with its WTO commitments. Therefore the full and timely implementation
of these commitments represents a fundamental factor for Vietnam's ongoing attraction of
significant levels of FD. 2010 will constitute a key period as, in accordance with Vietnam's
WTO commitments, many limitations (both in terms of forms of investments and foreign
ownership) in committed sectors of services shall be lifted.
This is particularly true with regards to retail- and distribution: Even though Decision 10 has
opened the distribution sector to foreign service providers as of January 1st, 2009, the
establishment of 100% foreign-owned capital companies in the distribution sector remains
subject to significant administrative and procedural obstacles at local and central level. n
particular concerning to foreign investors remains the requirement of an "Economic Needs
Test (ENT) by which local authorities assess local conditions before issuing an authorization to
establish any additional retail sales outlets. Fewexplanations on the scope of the ENTare to be
found in Circular 9, guiding the implementation of Decree 23. Moreover, the establishment of
foreign companies in the banking sector remains subject to burdensome and lengthy
procedures, and to date only a limited number of licences have been issued.
TONG QUAN
15
ph nn dy nhanh qu trnh c phn ha v cng b mt l trnh v thi gian biu r rng cho
cc di tc chin luoc tim nng, cu th l trong ngnh ngn hng v vin thng. Khng c
nhng ci cch nhu vy, Vit Nam s kh c th tng trung vuot ln khi mt nn sn xut
dua vo chi ph thp d hung ti mt nn kinh t phn thjnh hon, da dang hon.
V vn d cosha tng, chng ti d chng kin su chm tr dng lo ngai nhiu dun cos
ha tng quan trong, lm cn trdn tng trung ln hiu qu. Do d chng ti khuyn nghj rng
Chnh ph nn ku goi su tham gia ca khu vuc tu nhn d dy nhanh tin d hon thnh cc
du n trong dim dang thuc hin v dang bj tr hon. Vi nhu cu vn chuyn container dang
thch thc l cng sut cng, tnh trang ca cc cng ca quc gia vn l mt vn d ht sc
quan trong v l mt trong nhng ri ro c nh hung han ch nghim trong v du tu trong
tuong lai nu khng duoc gii quyt ton din v cp bch.
EuroCham luu rng trong bi cnh ny, mc tiu thu din d tng 15% mi nm, vuot tc d
tng trung kinh t dng k, v du kin s gp 3,5 ln vo nm 2020 so vi con s ca nm
2009 hin nay. So vi mt s nuc khc trong khu vuc, Vit Nam d tut lai pha sau v phuong
din pht trin thj trung din canh tranh. Vic ny vn chua duoc gii quyt do mt s vn d,
trong d gi din c l l quan trong nht. y l vn d chnh dn dn thiu vn du tu v de
doa ko di su chm tin trong vic tng cng sut cung cp din. Cho dn khi mi trung php
l tai Vit Nam dat dn mc d canh tranh quc t, EuroCham khuyn nghj diu chinh gi nng
luong v duy tr bo lnh ca Chnh ph d khuyn khch du tu nuc ngoi v lm gim kh
nng ri ro cao lin quan dn cc dun nng luong ln.
Chng ti cng khuyn nghj Chnh ph Vit Nam thuc hin dy d v kjp thi cc cam kt WTO
ca Vit Nam: Trong nhng nm qua, Vit Nam d hung loi rt nhiu t dng vn du tu truc
tip nuc ngoi (FD) dng k d tng manh t khi gia nhp WTO. Tu do ha cc ngnh djch vu
ch cht d tao ra nhng cohi pht trin kinh doanh dy ha hen di vi cc nh du tu nuc
ngoi, dc bit l trong lnh vuc phn phi, ngn hng v vin thng. Vit Nam by gicn phi
cho cng dng quc t thy su sn sng tun th cc cam kt WTO ca mnh. V vy vic thuc
hin dy d v kjp thi cc cam kt ny s l mt yu t co bn d Vit Nam tip tuc thu ht
ngun vn du tu truc tip nuc ngoi., Nm 2010 s duoc coi l mt nm quan trong v theo
cam kt WTO ca Vit Nam nhiu han ch (c v hnh thc du tu v quyn s hu nuc
ngoi) trong cc ngnh djch vu s duoc db.
iu ny dc bit dng di vi ngnh bn l v phn phi: Mc d Quyt djnh 10 d m ca
ngnh phn phi cho cc nh cung cp djch vu nuc ngoi t ngy 01/1/2009, vic thnh lp
cc cng ty 100% vn nuc ngoi trong lnh vuc phn phi vn cn phi chju nhng cn tr
dng k v mt hnh chnh v th tuc cp dja phuong v trung uong. Cu th lin quan dn
cc nh du tu nuc ngoi vn duy tr yu cu "Kim tra nhu cu kinh t" (ENT) theo d chnh
quyn dja phuong dnh gi diu kin dja phuong truc khi cp php thnh lp thm bt c mt
dim bn l no. Thng tu s 9 hung dn thuc hin Nghj djnh 23 chi nu vi gii thch v pham
vi ca Kim tra Nhu cu Kinh t (ENT). Hon na, vic thnh lp cc cng ty nuc ngoi trong
lnh vuc ngn hng vn cn chju nhiu th tuc phin h v ko di, v cho dn nay chi c rt t
s giy php duoc cp.
EuroCham luu rng mc d Vit Nam d tham gia vo Hip djnh v Cc Kha Canh Thuong
Mai Lin Quan n Quyn S Hu Tr Tu ( "TRPs"), vic bo h v thuc thi quyn s hu tr
16
OVERVIEW
EuroCham notes that despite Vietnam's accession to the Agreement on Trade Related
Aspects of ntellectual Property Rights ("TRPs), protecting and enforcing intellectual property
rights remains a problem in Vietnam: Abroad range of counterfeit products continue to be sold
in the Vietnamese market, and a significant number of retailers in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
City openly admit that they expect the business of trading in counterfeit products to grow, and
many plan to continue selling counterfeit products in the years to come. EuroCham
recommends that the Vietnamese Government should increase its efforts to raise awareness
about the value of intellectual property protection, in particular that it serves as an incentive for
many European and foreign companies to research and develop their products further and
thereby benefitting the consumers in the long run. On the legal side, sanctions for selling
counterfeit products must be increased and rigidly enforced in practice.
With regards to growing activities in the area of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), Eurocham
notes that Vietnamese laws generally allow foreign investors to acquire shares in Vietnamese
enterprises at unrestricted levels, unless specific restrictions are provided by the WTO and
other Vietnamese laws. However, some local Departments of Planning and nvestment (DP)
have shown resistance to this general principle and in some cases have tried to prevent such
acquisitions from being made, or have indefinitely delayed registering such acquisitions. We
believe that such practice jeopardizes the attractiveness of Vietnam as an investment
destination. The Vietnamese government should therefore implement clear and consistent
regulations with regards to scope and limits to M&Aactivities.
Also of ongoing concern is the scope for deductibility of advertising and promotional (A&P)
expenses under the newCTlaw, effective as of the beginning of 2009: Whilst we welcome the
increase in the cap on deductable expenditure from 10% to 15% of total expenses during the
first three years of operations, the newregulations still fall short of the expectations of the wider
business community: A&P expenses are fully deductible in the vast majority of jurisdictions,
and so this lack of material progress towards the eventual full abolition of the A&Ptax cap only
serves to reduce Vietnam's attraction as an investment destination for leading international
brands.
Further, we like to re-emphasize the opportunities for the government to increase its focus on
sustainable energy use, and in particular electrical efficiency: With power demand significantly
outpacing production and Vietnam one of the countries most at threat from global warming,
enhanced electrical efficiency stands to bring both important short and long-term benefits to
Vietnam. Along with adjustments in electricity pricing policy, and the expansion of the market
for energy service companies, we highly recommend the creation of an Energy Efficiency
Board in charge of promoting specific action plans and standards (i.e. green building
standards) on this vital topic.
With regards to human resources, we would like to point out increasing difficulties of our
members to obtain work permits for their staff in a timely manner. n particular, the formal
requirement of having a university degree often results in timely and costly efforts of our
members to evidence other experience in case an employee does not have such degree. Also
we note that with regards to compulsory health insurance for foreign employees, the vast
majority of our members' employees are already covered by an existing health plan. t is
TONG QUAN
17
tu vn l mt vn d Vit Nam: Hng loat hng nhi tip tuc duoc bn tai thj trung Vit
Nam, v rt nhiu cc nh bn l c H Ni v TPH Ch Minh cng khai tha nhn rng ho
mun vic kinh doanh hng gi pht trin, v ln k hoach tip tuc bn hng gi trong nhng
nm ti. EuroCham khuyn nghj rng Chnh ph Vit Nam nn n luc hon na trong vic nng
cao nhn thc v gi trj ca bo h s hu tr tu, dc bit khi n l dng luc d cc cng ty
chu u v nuc ngoi nghin cu v pht trin cc sn phm ca mnh hon na v do d
mang dn loi ch cho ngui tiu dng v lu di. V mt php lut, cn tng cung v thuc thi
manh m quy djnh x phat bn hng gi.
Lin quan dn cc hoat dng ngy cng pht trin trong lnh vuc mua bn v sp nhp doanh
nghip (M &A), Eurocham nhn thy rng php lut Vit Nam ni chung cho php cc nh du
tu nuc ngoi mua c phn ca doanh nghip Vit Nam mc khng han ch, tr khi c cc
han ch theo quy djnh ca WTO v trong cc lut khc ca Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, mt s S K
hoach v u tu (DP) d khng p dung nguyn tc chung ny v trong mt s trung hop d
c gng ngn chn vic mua lai doanh nghip dang duoc tin hnh, hoc tr hon khng c thi
han vic dng k mua lai. Chng ti tin rng vic lm ny s nh hung nghim trong dn su
hp dn ca Vit Nam nhu mt dim dn du tu. Do d, Chnh ph Vit Nam cn phi thuc hin
cc quy djnh r rng v nht qun v pham vi v cc gii han di vi hoat dng M &A.
Bn canh d, vn d quan tm khc l pham vi khu tr thu di vi cc chi ph qung co v
khuyn mai (A& P) theo lut Thu Thu nhp Doanh nghip mi, c hiu luc t du nm 2009:
Trong khi chng ti dn nhn mc trn chi ph A&Ptng t10% dn 15% trn tng chi ph trong
ba nm du tin hoat dng, cc quy djnh mi ny vn chua dp ng duoc ky vong ca c cng
dng doanh nghip. Cc chi ph A & P duoc gim tr hon ton khi tnh thu trong da s cc
phn quyt v nhu vy vic thiu di su tin b thuc cht khi hung ti vic bi b hon ton
mc trn thu A& Pchi lm gim bt sc hp dn ca Vit Nam nhu mt dim dn du tu cho
cc thuong hiu hng du th gii.
Hon na, chng ti mun nhn manh mt ln na cc co hi cho Chnh ph tng cung tp
trung vo vic s dung nng luong bn vng, v cu th l trong hiu qu s dung din: Vi nhu
cu nng luong vuot xa sn luong v Vit Nam l mt trong nhng quc gia bj de doa nht t
su nng ln ton cu, nng cao hiu qu s dung din s mang dn loi ch quan trong trong
ngn han v di han cho Vit Nam. Cng vi nhng diu chinh trong chnh sch gi din v vic
mrng thj trung cho cc cng ty cung cp djch vu nng luong, chng ti khuyn nghj nn tao
ra mt Hi dng in nng phu trch vic dua ra cc k hoach hnh dng cu th v cc tiu
chun (chng han tiu chun ta nh xanh) v ch d quan trong ny.
V ngun nhn luc, chng ti mun chi ra nhng kh khn ngy cng gia tng ca cc hi vin
ca chng ti trong vic nhn vin ca ho duoc giy php lao dng kjp thi. c bit, yu cu
chnh thc v bng dai hoc thung khin hi vin ca chng ti mt nhiu thi gian v chi ph
d chng minh cc bng cp khc trong trung hop mt nhn vin khng c bng cp nhu vy.
V vn d v bo him y t bt buc cho ngui lao dng nuc ngoi, chng ti cng luu rng
dai da s nhn vin ca cc cng ty hi vin ca chng ti d c bo him y t. Do d, kh m
bt ho hy chuong trnh bo him y t hin tai ca ho d mua bo him y t bt buc tai Vit
Nam m trong nhiu trung hop, pham vi bo him khng bao trm rng nhu chnh sch bo
him hin c ca ho. Theo d, thuc t bo him y t bt buc lm tng chi ph kinh doanh di vi
18
OVERVIEW
therefore unlikely that any foreigner is willing to cancel their existing health insurance in favour
of a compulsory Vietnamese health insurance scheme that will in most cases not cover as
broad as existing policies. Accordingly, the compulsory health insurance in fact is an additional
cost of doing business for most of our members. EuroCham therefore recommends that
compulsory health insurance for foreign employees to be cancelled with immediate effect.
We also strongly believe that carefully watching signs of discrimination between foreign and
Vietnamese companies will help keeping Vietnam an attractive investment destination in the
future: t is important to realize that most of our member companies contribute greatly to the
employment of many Vietnamese citizens and their families, upgrade the infrastructure and
environment and are solid and reliable tax-payers. t is therefore highly important that foreign
companies are treated equally to Vietnamese companies on all levels.
We finally note that whilst EuroCham represents the European private sector in Vietnam, the
resolution of many of the issues addressed here could be supplemented by starting Free Trade
Agreement negotiations between the European Union and Vietnam.
The above are only a fewof the key issues of concern to our members and further and specific
recommendations on these and other key topics are detailed in the following papers. We highly
welcome any comment on the suggestions contained in this book and are happy to provide
further advice or expertise to aid in the consideration or implementation of the changes
proposed here. EuroCham and its members have a firm belief in the great potential of Vietnam,
both as a regional leader and as a destination for European investment. EuroCham and its
members are happy to contribute in any way we can to help the nation consolidate and build on
its success. We look forward to working with the Government of Vietnam and all our members
and partners, both Vietnamese and European, to maximize their success in an ever more
vibrant Vietnam!
hu ht cc cng ty hi vin ca chng ti. V vy, EuroCham khuyn nghj nhanh chng loai b
quy djnh bo him y t bt buc di vi cc nhn vin nuc ngoi.
ng thi, chng ti cng hon ton tin rng vic theo di tt nhng du hiu phn bit di x
gia cc doanh nghip Vit Nam v nuc ngoi s gip Vit Nam tip tuc l mt dim du tu
hp dn trong tuong lai: iu quan trong l cn phi nhn nhn rng hu ht doanh nghip hi
vin ca chng ti dng gp rt nhiu trong vic tao vic lm cho lao dng Vit Nam, nng cp
cosha tng v mi trung v l nhng don vj nghim tc thuc hin ngha vu np thu. Do d,
diu quan trong l doanh nghip nuc ngoi phi duoc di x bnh dng nhu doanh nghip
Vit Nam moi cp d.
Cui cng, chng ti nhn thy rng trong khi chng ti dai din cho khu vuc kinh t tu nhn ca
Chu u tai Vit Nam, vic gii quyt nhiu vn d duoc nu trong n bn ny cng s duoc b
sung xem xt khi cc cuc dm phan v Hip djnh Tu do Thuong mai gia Lin minh Chu u
v Vit Nam bt du.
Trn dy chi l mt vi trong s nhng vn d quan ngai chnh ca cc hi vin ca chng ti.
Cc khuyn nghj tip theo v cu th hon v nhng vn d ny v cc ch d khc duoc d cp
chi tit trong cc trang sau. Chng ti rt hoan nghnh moi kin dng gp v nhng khuyn
nghj nu trong tp sch ny v sn lng tip tuc tu vn gip dv chuyn mn d xem xt hoc
thuc hin nhng thay di duoc d xut dy. EuroCham v cc hi vin ca mnh tin tung
chc chn vo tim nng to ln ca Vit Nam, nhu l mt nuc dn du trong khu vuc v l mt
dim dn ca du tuchu u. EuroCham v cc hi vin ca mnh sn lng dng gp bng moi
cch c th d gip Vit Nam cng c v pht trin trn nhng thnh cng ca mnh. Chng ti
mong mun duoc lm vic vi Chnh ph Vit Nam, vi tt c cc hi vin v cc di tc ca
chng ti, c Vit Nam v Chu u, d ti da ha thnh cng ca ho tai mt Vit Nam nng
dng hon bao giht.
TONG QUAN
19
STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) COMMITMENTS
TNH HNH THUC HIEN CC CAM KT VI TO CHC THUONG MAI TH GII (WTO)
21
I. TONG QUAN
II. CCNGNHCUTHE

Vic Vit Nam gia nhp WTO d tao dng luc cho vic di mi ton din h thng php lut Vit
Nam, dc bit trong lnh vuc lut du tu v lut cng ty. Vic Quc hi thng qua Nghj quyt s
71/2006/QH11 ph chun Nghj djnh thu gia nhp Hip djnh thnh lp T chc Thuong mai Th
gii (WTO) ca nuc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam d m dung cho vic thuc hin
truc tip nhng cam kt ca Vit Nam theo php lut Vit Nam. Vit Nam sau d d tng cung
h thng php lut ca mnh bng cc vn bn lut v quy djnh cu th nhm tun th cc ngha
vu quc t v cam kt ring m mnh cn phi hon thnh trong ngnh djch vu. n nay, mc
d d ban hnh mt s luong dng k cc vn bn lut cu th, cc coquan nh nuc vn chua
nm bt co hi lm r mt s thut ng chung dang duoc s dung vn khng duoc djnh ngha
tai cc cam kt WTO v ghi nhn gi trj php l ca nhng thut ng ny mt cch nht qun
gia cu ch v tinh thn ca t chc.
Vit Nam cn nhn manh v th hin r vic mnh sn sng tun th cc cam kt khi gia nhp
WTO, cu th l trong vic thuc hin dy d v dng han cc cam kt ny: Nn kinh t Vit Nam
duoc hung loi rt nhiu t vic thu ht du tutruc tip nuc ngoi (FD) rng ri bt du t khi
gia nhp WTO v su tu do ha trong cc ngnh djch vu quan trong mang lai nhiu co hi ha
hen cho vic pht trin kinh doanh ca nh du tu nuc ngoi, dc bit l trong cc lnh vuc
phn phi, ngn hng v vin thng. Do d, vic thuc hin dy d v dng han nhng cam kt
ny l mt nhn t cobn bo dm vic Vit Nam tip tuc thu ht mt luong ln du tu truc tip
nuc ngoi. Nm 2009 v 2010 l giai doan quan trong bi v, theo cc cam kt ca Vit Nam
khi gia nhp WTO, nhiu han ch (c v hnh thc du tu ln t l vn nuc ngoi) trong cc
lnh vuc djch vu duoc cam kt s duoc db.
Vic dnh gi thuc t tin trnh dang thuc hin cc cam kt WTO k t khi gia nhp d dng d
l cc vn d v tr ngai chnh cn duoc xem xt v gii quyt cng nhu pht hin su khng
dng nht gia cc cam kt WTO v vic thuc hin cc cam kt ny, dc bit l cc co quan
chnh quyn dja phuong. i vi hoat dng du tu trong cc lnh vuc kinh doanh c diu kin,
cc coquan c thm quyn cp php him khi tun th thi han x l h soxin cp giy chng
nhn du tu, lm cho thi gian x l ko di hon du djnh v cc nh du tu kh c th tin hnh
dng tin d. Thng thung, giy chng nhn du tu cp cho doanh nghip c vn du tu
nuc ngoi trong cc ngnh djch vu c thi han rt ngn (thung l 5 nm). Do thiu cc Thng
tu v Nghj djnh hung dn thi hnh cc cam kt WTO, cc co quan c thm quyn cp php
thung chi dua vo cng vn t cc B c lin quan (B K hoach v u tu, B Ti chnh, B
Cng thuong v.v.). Tuy nhin phn ln l khng c cng vn hung dn. Nu c, cc cng vn
ny cng khng duoc ph bin cng khai v hiu luc php lut ca cc cng vn ny cng
chua r rng.
1. Bn I v Phn phi: Phn phi tip tuc l mt trong nhng ngnh Vit Nam dt ra cc han
ch. Tuy nhin, cc co quan nh nuc d hon thnh mt s giai doan trong tin trnh bi b
ton b han ch di vi cc hoat dng phn phi (chi cho cc mt hng duoc php phn phi)
di vi cc nh cung cp djch vu nuc ngoi theo ljch trnh sau dy:
- C th kinh doanh nuc ngoi duoc php tin hnh hoat dng du tu dui hnh thc
cng ty 100% vn nuc ngoi k t ngy 1 thng 1 nm 2009.
- K t ngy 1 thng 1 nm 2010, t chc nuc ngoi hoat dng trong lnh vuc phn
phi, nhu dai l hoa hng, bn bun v bn l c th m rng pham vi kinh doanh ca
mnh di vi tt c cc sn phm sn xut tai Vit Nam v nhp khu hop php vo
Vit Nam, bao gm xi mng, lp xe, giy, st thp v ruou vn bj han ch truc dy.
23
Vic thuc hin nhng quy djnh ny duoc nu cu th tai Nghj djnh s 23/2007/N-CPca Chnh
ph hung dn chi tit Lut Thuong mai v hoat dng mua bn hng ha v hoat dng phn
phi ca doanh nghip c vn du tu nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam (Nghj djnh 23) v Quyt djnh s
10/2007/Q-BTM ca B Thuong Mai ngy 21 thng 5 nm 2007 cng b l trnh thuc hin
cc hoat dng mua bn hng ha v hoat dng phn phi. Tuy nhin, vic thnh lp cng ty
100% vn nuc ngoi trong lnh vuc phn phi vn chju nhiu tr ngai v th tuc hnh chnh
cp dja phuong v trung uong. Tuong tu, hoat dng cung cp djch vu dai l v cc hoat dng
trung gian thuong mai khc vn cn chju nhiu han ch.
Mt vn d quan ngai khc cho nh du tu nuc ngoi gn lin vi vic thuc hin Thm djnh
Nhu cu Kinh t (Economic Need Test - ENT) m thng qua d cc co quan chnh quyn dja
phuong dnh gi cc diu kin ca dja phuong truc khi quyt djnh xem c cho php mt cng
ty c vn du tu nuc ngoi dang hoat dng duoc thnh lp thm co s bn l hay khng.
Thng tu 09/2007/TT-BTM ngy 17 thng 7 nm 2007 hung dn thi hnh Nghj djnh 23 (Thng
tu 09) c dua ra mt s hung dn v Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh t. Trn coscc quy djnh nu
tai Biu Cam kt, Thng tu 09 quy djnh rng Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh t s duoc dnh gi dua
trn ba tiu ch sau dy: (i) s luong cc cosbn l trn mt khu vuc dja l, (ii) su n djnh ca
thj trung, v (iii) quy m ca khu vuc dja l d. Sau khi Thng tu 09 duoc ban hnh, vn chua
c thm bt ky hung dn chi tit no duoc ban hnh tip sau d, v vy vic din gii cc tiu
ch ny vn hon ton phu thuc vo kin ch quan ca cc co quan nh nuc. Mt vn d
khc c lin quan l vic mt s co quan c thm quyn xem vic m cc vn phng giao djch
dng ngha vi vic thnh lp thm cc co s bn l. Theo Nghj djnh 23, co s bn l l mt
don vj thuc shu ca doanh nghip d thuc hin vic bn l. Tuy nhin, vn phng giao djch
c th c cc chc nng khc nhu l trung tm djch vu hoc bo hnh cho cc sn phm ca
doanh nghip, v khng nht thit thuc hin vic bn l. Trong trung hop ny, nu vn phng
giao djch khng tin hnh bn l, cc co quan nh nuc c thm quyn khng nn gn lin h
so xin m vn phng giao djch vi vic thuc hin Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh t. Ni tm lai, vo
thi dim ny, Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh t c v nhu l mt ro cn di vi nh du tu nuc
ngoi trong vic thm nhp thj trung v vic m cc co s bn l tip theo phu thuc vo nhu
cu kinh t ca khu vuc d trn thuc t. iu ny tri vi cam kt ca Vit Nam cho php m
rng thj trung hon ton vo nm 2009 di vi cc nh du tu nuc ngoi mong mun tham
gia vo lnh vuc phn phi.
2. Thuc v duc phm: Cc sn phm thuc v duoc phm duoc loai trkhi cc cam kt
ca Vit Nam khi gia nhp T chc Thuong mai Th gii. Doanh nghip nuc ngoi ni chung
bj cm phn phi bt ky loai thuc no. Tuy nhin, Quyt djnh s 10/2007/Q-BTM, mt phn
ca hoat dng m ca kinh doanh v hoat dng phn phi, cho php cng ty c vn du tu
nuc ngoi nhp khu thuc truc tip k t ngy 1 thng 1 nm 2009. Cc cng ty nhp khu
c vn nuc ngoi sau d s bn bun lai sn phm nhp khu cho cc nh phn phi Vit
Nam. Tuy nhin, vo thi dim hin nay vn c cc quy djnh cu th hung dn th tuc nhp
khu. Tuy cc th tuc cp giy php nhp khu kh r rng, Vit Nam vn chua ban hnh quy
djnh v cc diu kin d cc cng ty c vn du tu nuc ngoi nhp khu duoc phm vo Vit
Nam. Trn thuc t, Thng tu 06/2006/TT-BYTngy 16 thng 5 nm 2006, hung dn vic xut
khu, nhp khu thuc v m phm v m t cc diu kin tin quyt d tin hnh th tuc nhp
khu, khng p dung di vi cc cng ty c vn du tu nuc ngoi. Vic gii quyt th tuc hi
quan cng c th kh khn do thiu cc hung dn dng tin cy p dung cho cc nh nhp
khu nuc ngoi. Vn d ny hin dang duoc B YT tho lun v c th mt nhiu thi gian
d c quyt djnh cui cng. T gi dn lc d, B Y T khng djnh rng vic nhp khu s
duoc gii quyt trn co s tng trung hop cu th. Chng ti d xut Chnh ph dy nhanh
tin trnh ny.
25
3. Ngn hng: Cc t chc nuc ngoi duoc php tin hnh cc hoat dng ngn hng dui
hnh thc cng ty lin doanh v cng ty 100% vn nuc ngoi. Vo ngy 16 thng 7 nm 2009,
Chnh ph ban hnh Nghj djnh 59/2009/N-CP(Nghj djnh 59) dua ra mt khung php l chung
v t chc v hoat dng cho c ngn hng thuong mai trong nuc v ngn hng thuong mai c
vn nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam (FOCBs). Trong nm 2009, c nm ngn hng nuc ngoi d
thnh lp chi nhnh thuc shu 100% vn nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam.
Th tuc thnh lp cc ngn hng 100% vn du tu nuc ngoi l mt qu trnh phin toi v ko
di di vi cc nh du tu nuc ngoi. Do d, chi c mt vi ngn hng duoc cp giy php).
Theo Nghj djnh 69/2007/N-CP, tng mc shu c phn ca cc nh du tu nuc ngoi trong
cc ngn hng thuong mai Vit Nam vn chi gii han 30% vn diu l ca cc ngn hng
thuong mai Vit Nam d. Nu nh du tu nuc ngoi khng phi l ngn hng th tng mc s
hu c phn ny duoc gii han chi cn 5% v nu l ngn hng th cn 10%. Tuy nhin, di vi
nh du tu chin luoc, tng mc shu c phn ny ti da l 15% v c th ln dn 20% nhung
phi c ph chun dc bit ca Th tung. Chng ti d nghj cn phi tng thm tng mc s
hu c phn ca cc nh du tu nuc ngoi trong cc ngn hng thuong mai Vit Nam. Do
Quyt djnh 88/2009/Q-TT v vic ban hnh Quy ch gp vn, mua c phn ca nh du tu
nuc ngoi trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam khng quy djnh v vn d mua bn & sp nhp
doanh nghip, chng ti d nghj ban hnh Thng tu hung dn thi hnh Quyt djnh 88 v vn d
mua bn v sp nhp trong lnh vuc ngn hng.
4. Vin thng: Chng ti xin luu rng cc cam kt WTOcho php cc nh du tu nuc ngoi
l mt bn trong Hop dng Hop tc Kinh doanh duoc chuyn sang hnh thc du tu khc cng
nhu duoc thnh lp cng ty lin doanh vi t l gp vn (ca pha nuc ngoi trong lin doanh)
ln luot l 49% vn php djnh ca lin doanh trong cc cng ty vin thng c ha tng mang v
51% trong cng ty vin thng khng c ha tng mang. Gii han t l phn vn gp ca pha nuc
ngoi duoc tun th nghim ngt tai Nghj djnh s 121/2008/N-CPca Chnh ph v hoat dng
du tu trong lnh vuc buu chnh vin thng. Hin nay, Vit Nam vn chua c quy djnh v vic
chuyn di t hnh thc Hop dng Hop tc Kinh doanh sang cc hnh thc du tu khc. Chng
ti xin kin nghj ban hnh quy djnh v cc phuong thc chuyn di trong lnh vuc ny.
Kin ngh[
Cng dng doanh nghip Chu u khuyn nghj thuc hin cc cam kt ca Vit Nam vi T
chc Thuong mai Th gii mt cch ton din v dng han. Trn ht, cc th tuc xin cp php
p dung cho cc lnh vuc d duoc mca vn l mi quan tm hng du ca cng dng doanh
nghip nuc ngoi v cc nh du tu tim nng. Cc coquan nh nuc phu trch v du tu v
thuong mai cp dja phuong thung ngn ngai trong vic cp php nu khng c quy djnh r
rng do c qu t hung dn ton din t cc B chuyn trch. Th tuc thu thp kin t cc B
v coquan lin quan mt nhiu thi gian v khng chc chn. Chng ti d nghj:
- Gim st cht ch vic thuc hin cc cam kt dn nm 2012. Co quan nh nuc Vit
Nam nn xem xt nhng bin php b sung nhm m ca thj trung thm na bi v
cc cam kt WTO l mt buc pht trin tch cuc tin dn hi nhp quc t su rng.
- Nu khng cn bt ky gii thch hay chuyn di g trong cc vn bn php lut quc gia,
cam kt WTO trong tng ngnh cu th nn duoc truc tip p dung.
- i vi ngnh bn l v phn phi, cng dng doanh nghip Chu u xin kin nghj
rng: 1. L trnh thuc hin cc hoat dng kinh doanh phn phi nn duoc theo di v
hon chinh khng tr hon; 2. Chnh ph cn quy djnh r pham vi hoat dng ca cc
vn phng giao djch v co s bn l v khng dua ra cng yu cu trong trung hop
cc cng ty nuc ngoi mun mvn phng giao djch; v 3. Chnh ph cn quy djnh r
v cu th cc tiu ch ca vic Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh t v khuyn khch cc coquan
c thm quyn dja phuong c mt cch hiu thng nht v ton din v vn d ny.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN VIETNAM
I. OVERVIEW
II PROTECTIONOF TRADEMARKAPPLICATIONS/REGISTRATIONS
Despite Vietnam's accession to the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of ntellectual
Property Rights ("TRPs), protecting and enforcing intellectual property rights remains a
problem in Vietnam. A broad range of counterfeit products continue to be sold in the
Vietnamese market, including garments, accessories (e.g., sun glasses, hand bags, etc.), food
products, wines and spirits, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, computer software, vehicle
spare parts, engine lubricants, electro-mechanical products and consumer electronics.
Counterfeiters in Vietnam are becoming more sophisticated in their methods and practices, as
well as in their use of counterfeiting technology to produce counterfeit products that are easier
to pass off as genuine products to Vietnamese consumers.
Equally troubling is the apparent attitude of Vietnamese retailers toward selling counterfeit
products. According to a recent Nielsen survey, a significant number of retailers in both Hanoi
and Ho Chi Minh City openly admit that they are benefitting significantly from the sale of
counterfeit products. n fact, many say they expect the business of trading in counterfeit
products to grow, and many plan to continue selling counterfeit products in the years to come.
The same poll showed that Vietnamese consumers, though aware of the poor quality of
counterfeit products, continue to buy them mainly because of the lower price. Sometimes,
Vietnamese consumers are also unable to differentiate between counterfeit and genuine
products. Overall, Vietnamese retailers and consumers seem to lack sufficient awareness that
counterfeiting not only results in the delivery of low quality and, in some cases, dangerous
products to Vietnamese consumers, it has also been shown that the trade in counterfeit
products often funds various criminal activities.
Recommendation: Relevant Vietnamese governmental bodies should increase their efforts
to raise awareness among both Vietnamese businesses and consumers about the value of
protection for intellectual property rights (hereinafter referred to as "PR). n particular, strong
protection for PR serves as an incentive for many European and foreign companies to
research and develop their products further, thereby benefitting consumers in the long run.
Also, the Vietnamese public must be made more aware of the dangers of counterfeit products
with regards to safety (spare parts) and health (pharmaceuticals, wine and spirits). On the
legal side, sanctions for selling counterfeit products must be increased and rigidly enforced in
practice as a deterrent to counterfeiting activity.
1. Decisions of NOIP on trademark infringements: The National Office of ntellectual
Property ("NOP") continues to issue very questionable decisions on whether one trademark
infringes another. This situation, which often arises in the context of opposition and
cancellation proceedings, is especially troubling for research-based pharmaceutical
companies whose popular and well-known trademarks are systematically imitated by some
Vietnamese manufacturers of pharmaceutical products. n many cases, those manufacturers
simply manipulate or change a few letters in another party's registered trademark to "create
their own "new marks. This situation requires the real trademark owners to incur considerable
costs attempting to prevent and/or cancel the registration of marks that should have been
refused registration in the first place. Moreover, in some cases, the NOP does not sufficiently
consider evidence that a trademark application has been filed in bad faith. This may be the
case where an applicant has a history of (i) filing applications that imitate the trademarks of
BO VE QUYN S HU TR TUE TAI VIET NAM
27
I. TONG QUAN
II BO VEON/ NG KNHNHIEUHNG HA
Mc d Vit Nam d gia nhp Hip jnh v Cc Kha Canh Lin Quan n Thuong Mai ca
Quyn S Hu Tr Tu ("TRPs), vic bo v v thuc thi quyn s hu tr tu vn cn l mt vn
nan Vit Nam. Nhiu chng loai hng ha gi mao tip tuc duoc by bn tai thj trung Vit Nam,
bao gm hng may mc, phu kin thi trang (v du: mt knh, ti xch, v.v.), hng thuc phm, ruou
v thc ung c cn, hng m phm, sn phm duoc phm, phn mm tin hoc, phu tng xe, du
nhn dng co, cc sn phm codin v din t tiu dng. Cc di tuong sn xut hng gi Vit
Nam dang tr nn ngy cng tinh vi hon trong phuong php v cch thc thuc hin, cng nhu
trong vic ng dung cc cng ngh sn xut hng gi, khin khin ngui tiu dng Vit Nam ngy
cng d nhm ln hng gi vi hng tht.
Mt vn d tuong tu l thi d mc nhin ca ngui bn l Vit Nam di vi vic bn hng gi.
Theo mt kho st gn dy ca Nielsen, mt s luong ln ngui bn l c H Ni v Thnh ph
H Ch Minh cng khai tha nhn rng ho dang khai thc loi nhun dng k t vic bun bn hng
gi. Thuc t, nhiu ngui cho bit rng ho mong vic bun bn hng gi s pht trin, v c nhiu
dudjnh tip tuc bn hng gi trong nhng nm ti. Mt kho st tuong tu cho thy ngui tiu dng
Vit Nam, mc d nhn thc duoc cht luong km ca hng gi, vn tip tuc mua hng gi ch
yu bi v gi r. i khi ngui tiu dng Vit Nam cng khng c kh nng phn bit hng gi v
hng tht. Ni chung, ngui bn l v ngui tiu dng Vit Nam dung nhu khng nhn thc
duoc rng vic kinh doanh hng gi khng chi cung cp hng km cht luong v, trong mt s
trung hop, gy nguy him cho ngui tiu dng, m cn thung tip tay cho cc hoat dng ti
pham hnh su.
Kin ngh[: Cc coquan nh nuc Vit Nam lin quan cn tng cung n luc nng cao thc ca
c cng dng kinh doanh ln ngui tiu dng Vit Nam v gi trj ca vic bo v quyn s hu tr
tu (sau dy duoc goi l "QSHTT). Cu th l vic bo v mt cch quyt lit QSHTT s khuyn
khch nhiu cng ty ca Chu u v nuc ngoi nghin cu v ci tin sn phm ca ho t d
mang lai loi ch cho ngui tiu dng trong di han. ng thi, cng chng Vit Nam phi duoc
tuyn truyn d hiu r hon v cc ri ro pht sinh t hng ha gi mao v d an ton (di vi linh
kin phu tng) v sc khe (di vi duoc phm, ruou v thc ung c cn). V phuong din php
l, cc ch ti di vi hnh vi bn hng gi mao cn duoc tng nng v thuc thi nghim tc trong
thuc tin nhm rn de vic kinh doanh hng gi.
1. Quyt d[nh ca Cc SHTT v vic xm pham nhn hiu hng ha: Cuc S Hu Tr Tu
("SHTT") vn tip tuc ban hnh cc quyt djnh gy tranh ci khi xc djnh liu rng mt nhn hiu
np don c xm pham mt nhn hiu khc hay khng. Tnh hung vn thung pht sinh trong cc
th tuc phn di don dng k nhn hiu v hy b hiu luc vn bng bo h ny l cuc ky rc ri
di vi cc cng ty duoc phm chuyn nghin cu sn phm mi m cc nhn hiu ph bin v
ni ting ca ho bj bt chuc mt cch c h thng bi mt s nh sn xut duoc phm Vit Nam.
Trong nhiu trung hop, cc nh sn xut ny chi don gin l bt chuc hoc thay di mt t k tu
trong nhn hiu d dng k bo h ca mt cng ty khc d "tao ra cc nhn hiu "mi ca ho.
Tnh hung ny khin cho nhiu ch shu nhn hiu hng ha tht su phi tn km chi ph dng
k nhm c gng ngn cn v/ hoc hy b hiu luc vn bng bo h cc dng k nhn hiu hng
ha m l ra d phi bj t chi ngay t ban du. Hon na, trong mt s trung hop, Cuc SHTT
khng xem xt dy d cc chng c th hin rng don dng k nhn hiu d duoc np vi muc
dch khng ngay tnh. Trung hop ny c th xy ra khi ngui np don c tin s (i) np don dng
k nhn hiu hng ha bt chuc cc nhn hiu ca cc cng ty khc, (ii) bt chuc bao b dng
gi sn phm ca cng ty khc hoc (iii) np nhiu don cng lc cho cc nhn hiu bt chuc gn
ging nhu mt nhn hiu ca mt cng ty khc. Theo php lut ca nhiu quc gia khc, hnh vi
other companies, (ii) imitating another company's product packaging or (iii) simultaneously
filing multiple applications for marks each of which closely imitates a mark of another company.
n many jurisdictions outside of Vietnam, such behavior is compelling evidence that the
applicant is trying to trade on the good will of another party's trademark.
Recommendation: The NOP should issue more reasonable decisions on "confusing
similarity in trademark opposition and cancellation proceedings. Such decisions should
reflect in detail all relevant facts and circumstances so that the parties can understand the
reasoning underlying the decision. The NOPshould be more critical of filings in "bad faith.
2. Decisions of NOIP on opposition proceedings: Under current Vietnamese law,
oppositions to trademark applications are permitted. However, the opposer's arguments and
supporting documents are treated as mere "evidence" on the issue of registrability of the
challenged trademark. The NOPcan therefore still deny the opposition, even in cases where,
for example, an applicant who has filed its application in "bad-faith does not respond to the
opposition. Trademark applicants seeking to exploit another party's trademark will often file
multiple applications for confusingly similar marks. Applications that are filed in bad faith often
mature to registration without the applicants ever having to defend the registrability of any of the
challenged trademarks, even when their applications are opposed. This puts the real
trademark owners at a significant disadvantage.
Recommendation: Applicants for trademarks should always be required to defend their
trademark applications in response to oppositions. The NOPmust look closer into the issue of
multiple filings in "bad faith.
Vietnam's ntellectual Property Law ("P Law), Civil Code, Commercial Law, Law on
Competition and related implementing legislation together provide a reasonably good legal
framework for protecting intellectual property rights. However, legal rights are only as good as
the ability of the Powner to enforce them. n this regard, Vietnam still falls short in a number of
respects. The following issues need the Government's attention:
1. JustifiabIe Administrative Raid Action: Under Article 211 of the Amended ntellectual
Property Law 2009, PR owners can request administrative sanctions if an act of infringement
causes "damage to consumers, society, the author or the PR owner. The burden of proof is
placed on the PR holder to prove such damages prior to launching an action. No guidance
has been issued on the meaning of "causing damage. t is not clear whether actual loss needs
to be proved or whether a likelihood of causing loss is sufficient; whether damage can be
inferred from consumer confusion or whether actual physical/fiscal damage must be shown.
Without this guidance, it will not be clear when an PR holder can pursue administrative action
against infringements of its PR.
Recommendation: Drafters of the legislation should look to more established jurisdictions for
assistance on this complex issue prior to issuing detailed guidance and in any event before the
Lawbecomes effective on 1 January 2010.
2. CriminaI LiabiIity : Only a fewcriminal cases involving PRhave been brought to trial in the
last two years. The Amended Penal Code was passed by the National Assembly on 19 June
2009 and will take effect on 1 January 2010. Article 170a provides a criminal penalty of up to
III. ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTSINVIETNAM
29
ny l bng chng r rng cho thy rng ngui np don dang c kinh doanh trn cosloi dung uy
tn thuong hiu t nhn hiu ca mt ch th khc.
Kin ngh[: Cuc SHTT cn ban hnh cc quyt djnh hop l hon trong vic xc djnh nhu th no l
"tuong tu dn mc gy nhm ln trong cc th tuc khng chp nhn don dng k nhn hiu v
hy b hiu luc vn bng bo h nhn hiu. Cc quyt djnh ny cn phn nh mt cch chi tit moi
tnh tit v tnh hung lin quan nhm bo dm rng cc bn c th hiu duoc co s l lun ca
quyt djnh d. Cuc SHTTcn kht khe hon di vi cc h sonp don dng k "khng ngay tnh.
2. Cc quyt d[nh ca Cc SHTT v th tc khng chp nhn don dng k nhn hiu: Theo
lut php Vit Nam hin hnh, vic d don phn di cc don dng k nhn hiu l hop php. Tuy
nhin, cc l l phn bin v ti liu h tro ca ngui phn di chi thun ty duoc xem l "chng
c" cho vic xem xt kh nng dng k ca nhn hiu dang bj phn di. V vy, Cuc SHTT vn c
th t chi vic phn di don dng k nhn hiu, ngay c trong cc trung hop, chng han nhu,
khi ngui np don "khng ngay tnh khng d trnh duoc kin phn bin di vi vic phn di
dng k nhn hiu. Cc ch th np don dng k nhn hiu c mun khai thc nhn hiu ca
ngui khc thung dng thi np nhiu don cho cc nhn hiu tuong tu gy nhm ln. Cc don
duoc np "khng ngay tnh thung duoc xem l d diu kin dng k bo h v nhng ngui np
don ny khng bj buc phi dua ra quan dim bo v kh nng dng k ca cc nhn hiu d np,
thm ch ngay c khi don dng k ca ho bj phn di. iu ny khin cho cc ch s hu nhn
hiu tht su gp phi bt loi ln.
Kin ngh[: Trong moi trung hop, cn yu cu ch th np don dng k nhn hiu hng ha dua
ra quan dim phn bin truc cc phn di dng k nhn hiu. Cuc SHTT phi xem xt thu do
vn d np dng loat nhiu don dng k mt cch "khng ngay tnh.
Lut S Hu Tr Tu ca Vit Nam ("Lut SHTT), B Lut Dn Su, Lut Thuong Mai, Lut Canh
Tranh v cc vn bn thuc thi lin quan d hnh thnh mt khung php l tuong di tt v tha
dng d bo v quyn s hu tr tu. Tuy nhin, quyn php l chi tht su tt khi ch th nm gi
quyn shu tr tu c kh nng thuc thi cc quyn d. V vn d ny, Vit Nam vn cn yu km
trong mt vi phuong din. Cc vn d sau dy nn duoc Chnh ph luu :
1. Bin php x I hnh chnh chnh dng: Theo iu 211 ca Lut SHu Tr Tu sa di nm
2009, ch shu QSHTTc th yu cu p dung cc ch ti hnh chnh nu mt hnh vi vi pham
gy ra "thit hai cho ngui tiu dng, x hi, tc gi hoc ch s hu QSHTT. Ngha vu chng
minh thuc v ch th QSHTTtrong vic xc djnh cc thit hai va nu truc khi yu cu thuc hin
bin php x l hnh chnh. Co quan nh nuc vn chua ban hnh bt ky hung dn no v
ngha ca vic "gy thit hai. Quy djnh hin hnh thiu gii thch chi tit v vn d liu c cn phi
chng minh thit hai thuc t hoc liu kh nng gy ra thit hai d d l co s yu cu x l hay
khng; hay liu rng su nhm ln ca khch hng c th l cossuy don thit hai, hoc liu rng
vic chng minh thit hai vt cht/ ti chnh thuc t l bt buc. Thiu hung dn v cc vn d
trn, ch th QSHTT s khng r khi no ho c th yu cu p dung cc bin php x l hnh
chnh di vi hnh vi xm pham QSHTTca ch th QSHTT.
Kin ngh[: Cc co quan soan tho vn bn php lut cn tham kho cc h thng php lut pht
trin hon v vn d phc tap ny truc khi ban hnh hung dn chi tit v, trong moi trung hop,
nn tin hnh truc khi Lut SHTTsa di c hiu luc vo ngy 1/1/2010.
2. Trch nhim hnh s: Rt t vu n hnh su lin quan dn QSHTT duoc dua ra xt x trong
vng hai nm gn dy. B Lut Hnh su sa di d duoc Quc hi thng qua vo ngy 19/6/2009
III. THUCTHI QUYNS HUTR TUETAI VIET NAM
VND500,000,000 (US$28,000) or a non-custodial reform of up to two years "against the
violation of the copyright or related right on a commercial scale. Article 171 provides the same
penalty for "wilful infringements of industrial property rights over trademarks or geographical
indications on a commercial scale. t is encouraging that the amended provisions are in
compliance with Vietnam's obligations under the TRPS, but it is unclear when a
copyright/trademark infringement will be viewed as "on a commercial scale. Without any
guidance, the administrative authorities will lack the confidence to recommend a case for
criminal action and the criminal courts, in turn, will be hesitant to impose maximum fines.
Recommendation: n order to avoid confusion, detailed guidance on the definition of
"commercial scale should be issued prior to enactment of the Law on 1 January 2010. t is
recommended that "commercial scale apply to situations where an infringement has been
carried out either for "profit making purpose or when the scale of the infringing activity is above
a certain level; such level to be defined practically, with differing levels depending on the type of
infringing goods/services involved.
3. Insufficient raid actions due to a Iack of resources and cooperation between
agencies: Although there are various administrative authorities who are competent to handle
copyright infringement and carry out raid actions, there is insufficient co-operation between
these authorities. Further, an unintended consequence of rapidly changing laws are that the
enforcement authorities lack the financial resources, manpower, expertise, knowledge and
confidence to deal with unusual cases. This shortage of experience within the enforcement
authorities makes it impossible for them to keep up effective enforcement. The authorities are
now hesitant to take action unless the case involves straightforward counterfeiting for fear of
facing a counterclaim from the infringer.
Recommendation: We recommend that the Government ensures that systems are
introduced nationwide to enhance coordination between the relevant authorities. The National
Steering Committee for Anti-Counterfeiting, Trade Fraud and Anti-Smuggling which was set up
in 2001 has been ineffective in bringing together the different authorities and ensuring that they
coordinate their activities. n order to ensure a more effective body with the power to influence
the authorities, it is essential that the Committee be lead directly by the Government and the
Prime Minister.
4. Improved mechanism for the aIIocation of the State Budget for enforcement:
Enforcement authorities currently lack the resources necessary to carry out enforcement
actions. Enforcement authorities are funded by the State Treasury which allocates funds in
accordance with annual budgets. Due to limited budgets however, authorities have insufficient
resources to conduct investigations or carry out raid actions. Our understanding is that when
one of the enforcement authorities imposes an administrative fine against an infringer, the
money paid pursuant to the fine imposed does not go to the enforcement authority, but goes to
the State treasury instead. Therefore, such fines cannot be used to fund future enforcement
adtions.

Recommendation: t is recommended that fines paid by infringers go into a special account
which will only be used to fund future enforcement activities. n addition, the enforcement
authorities could charge owners of PRa fee to carry out enforcement actions, provided that the
fees are (i) reasonable, (ii) published, (iii) applied consistently and in a non-discriminatory
manner and (iv) be documented by a receipt.
31
v s c hiu luc vo ngy 1/1/2010. iu 170a quy djnh mc phat ln dn 500.000.000 ng
(28.000 la M) hoc hnh phat ci tao khng giam gi ln dn hai nm di vi hnh vi "xm
pham quyn tc gi hoc quyn lin quan vi quy m thuong mai. iu 171 quy djnh cng mc
hnh phat di vi hnh vi "c xm pham quyn s hu cng nghip di vi nhn hiu hoc chi
dn dja l vi quy m thuong mai. iu dng khch l l ch cc quy djnh sa di ph hop vi
cc ngha vu ca Vit Nam theo Hip djnh TRPS. Tuy nhin, vn d chua r l trung hop no th
vic xm pham quyn tc gi/ nhn hiu hng ha s bj xem l "vi quy m thuong mai. Khi chua
c hung dn thi hnh, cc coquan qun l hnh chnh s khng tu tin khi chuyn vu vic sang x
l hnh su v cc ta hnh su s do du khi quyt djnh mc n cao nht.
Kin ngh[: Nhm trnh nhm ln, cn ban hnh hung dn chi tit v khi nim "quy m thuong
mai truc khi Lut SHTT sa di c hiu luc vo ngy 1/1/2010. Chng ti khuyn nghj rng cn
p dung thut ng "quy m thuong mai di vi cc trung hop hnh vi xm pham d duoc tin
hnh v 'muc dch loi nhun' hoc khi quy m ca su xm pham vuot qu mt mc d nht djnh;
mc d ny phi duoc xc djnh ph hop vi thuc t, vi tng cp d khc nhau, ty thuc vo loai
hng ha/ djch vu bj xm pham.
3. Cc th tc khm xt khng hiu qu do thiu ngun Ic v thiu hp tc gia cc ban
ngnh
Mc d c nhiu coquan hnh chnh khc nhau c thm quyn x l vi pham quyn tc gi v tin
hnh cc th tuc khm xt, su hop tc gia cc co quan d l chua hiu qu. Hon na, hu qu
khch quan ca vic thay di php lut nhanh chng l vic cc co quan thuc thi php lut thiu
ngun luc ti chnh, nhn luc, chuyn mn, kin thc v su tu tin d x l cc trung hop bt
thung. Vic thiu kinh nghim ca cc co quan thuc thi php lut khin cc co quan ny khng
th duy tr hoat dng thuc thi php lut hiu qu. Hin nay cc coquan thuc thi php lut do du khi
tin hnh x l v e ngai hnh dng phn t t ngui xm pham tr phi vu vic c lin quan dn
hnh vi sn xut hng ha gi mao mt cch r rng.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj Chnh ph bo dm rng h thng x l duoc ph bin trn
ton quc nhm tng cung su hop tc gia cc co quan lin quan. Ban Chi ao Chng Bun
Lu, Hng Gi v Gian Ln Thuong Mai Quc Gia duoc thnh lp nm 2001 t ra km hiu qu
trong vic phi kt gia cc coquan nh nuc khc nhau v bo dm rng cc coquan ny diu
phi hoat dng ca ho. Nhm bo dm hoat dng hiu qu hon ca mt co quan c quyn luc
nh hung di vi cc co quan khc, Ban Chi ao ny cn thit phi truc thuc Chnh ph v
Th Tung.
4. Ci tin co ch phn b ngun ngn sch Nh nuc cho vic thc thi
Cc co quan thuc thi hin thiu ngun luc cn thit d tin hnh cc bin php thuc thi. Cc co
quan ny duoc phn b ngun ti chnh t Kho bac Nh nuc theo ngn sch hng nm. Tuy
nhin, do ngun ngn sch han ch, cc co quan ny khng d ngun luc ph hop d tin hnh
cc cuc diu tra hoc trin khai khm xt. Chng ti hiu rng khi mt co quan thuc thi p dung
bin php x l vi pham hnh chnh phat tin di vi mt ngui vi pham, khon tin np phat khng
duoc chuyn cho coquan thuc thi m thay vo d lai duoc chuyn vo Kho Bac Nh nuc. V vy,
cc khon tin phat d np khng duoc s dung d thuc hin cc hoat dng thuc thi SHTT trong
tuong lai.

Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj rng cc khon tin do ngui vi pham np phat s chuyn vo
mt ti khon dc bit v s tin ny s chi duoc s dung d thuc hin cc hoat dng thuc thi
trong tuong lai. Ngoi ra, cc coquan thuc thi duoc php yu cu cc ch shu QSHTTthanh
ton mt khon ph cho vic yu cu thuc hin cc bin php thuc thi, min l khon ph d (i)
hop l, (ii) cng khai, (iii) duoc p dung mt cch nht qun, khng phn bit di x v (iv) c
chng t thanh ton.
IV. RESOLUTIONOF DOMAINNAMEDISPUTES
V. LIABILITYOF INTERMEDIARIESFORCOPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
Speculative and abusive registration and maintenance of <.vn> domain names remains a
problem in Vietnam. This mainly takes the form of (i) Vietnamese or foreign individuals or
organizations registering <.vn> or domain names that contain or closely imitate the
trademarks of European and other foreign companies or (ii) a Vietnamese or foreign company
continuing to maintain a <.vn> domain name after its license or business relationship with the
trademark owner expires or is terminated or (iii) the registrant may point the domain (or
threaten to point the domain name) to a derogatory website. n each case, the registrant often
acts in "bad faith, seeking to exploit the good will of the foreign party's trademark and/or
seeking to extort a payment from the trademark owner and/or trying to benefit the trademark
owner's competitor.

According to Article 130 (d) of the ntellectual Property Lawof Vietnam ("PLaw), the foregoing
activities constitute acts of "unfair competition for which an aggrieved party make initiate a
lawsuit in Vietnamese court. Meanwhile, Circular No. 10/2008/TT-BTTTT Dated 24 December
2008 (Circular 10) provides a basis for challenging another party's ownership of a <.vn> for
which an aggrieved party may seek relief under Circular No. 9/2008/TT-BTTTT ("Circular 9),
which states that domain name disputes shall be resolved through (i) informal negotiations or
conciliation, (ii) arbitration, or (iii) civil proceedings in Vietnamese court. However, these
options for resolving domain names disputes are problematic because in the absence of an
agreement to negotiate or arbitrate the domain name dispute (which is often the case), the
aggrieved party has no choice but to file a formal action in a Vietnamese court to recover the
domain name. This can be a time consuming and expensive process.
Recommendation: We recommend revising the law to provide a procedure for prompt and
effective resolution of domain name disputes. For example, requiring the owner of a <.vn>
domain name, as a condition for registration and maintenance of the domain name, to agree to
submit all disputes regarding the domain name to a tribunal such as the World ntellectual
Property Organization ("WPO) would provide the parties with a prompt and effective means of
resolving disputes over domain names that are alleged to be violating one of the party's
trademark rights. Alternatively, Vietnam could develop its own procedure for settling <.vn>
domain name disputes (similar to WPO's Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy
(UDRP)) which could be set up to allow parties to a domain name dispute to participate in
Vietnamese as well as English and/or another widely used foreign language.
Vietnamese law needs to be clearer on the issue of when and under what specific
circumstances intermediaries such as nternet Service Providers ("SP) will be liable for
copyright infringement. On the one hand, the Law on ntellectual Property provides that
conduct constituting copyright infringement includies "duplicating, producing copies of,
distributing, displaying or communicating a work to the public via a communications network or
digital means without permssion from the copyrright holder. (see Article 28, paragraph 10)
However, certain provisions of the Law on nformation Technology, including, for example,
Article 16 and 17, appear to exempt SPs and possibly others from liability for certain acts, such
as the transmission of copyrighted subject matter over their networks, or storage of
copyrighted subject matter on their networks. Accordingly, it appears that service providers will
not be responsible for copyright infringement in respect of copyrighted subject matter that is
33
IV. GII QUYT CCTRANHCHPVTNMIN
V. TRCHNHIEM CABNTRUNG GIANI VI HNHVI XM PHAM QUYNTCGI
Vic dng k v duy tr cc tn min <.vn> vi muc dch du co v lam dung vn cn l mt vn
nan Vit Nam. Hin tuong ny ch yu xy ra dui hnh thc (i) t chc hoc c nhn Vit Nam
hoc nuc ngoi dng k tn min <.vn> hoc cc tn min cha dung hoc gn nhu bt chuc
cc nhn hiu hng ha ca Chu u v cc cng ty nuc ngoi khc hoc (ii) mt cng ty Vit
Nam hoc nuc ngoi tip tuc duy tr mt tn min <.vn> sau khi d kt thc hoc chm dt quan
h hop dng li-xng hoc quan h kinh doanh gia ho vi ch s hu nhn hiu hng ha hoc
(iii) ngui dng k c th kt ni/ tr/ dn tn min (hoc de doa kt ni/ tr/dn tn min) dn giao
din mt trang web cung cp cc thng tin bt loi. Trong mi trung hop va nu, ngui dng k
thung hnh x "khng ngay tnh, tm cch khai thc uy tn ca nhn hiu ca pha nuc ngoi
v/ hoc tm cch tng tin ch shu nhn hiu v/ hoc c gng thu loi t di th canh tranh ca
ch shu nhn hiu.

Theo iu 130 (d) ca Lut SHTTVit Nam, cc hoat dng trn dy cu thnh hnh vi "canh tranh
khng lnh manh m bn bj thit hai c th khi kin ra ta n Vit Nam. Trong khi d, Thng Tu
s 10/2008/TT-BTTTT ngy 24/12/2008 ("Thng Tu 10) quy djnh co s d khiu kin di vi
quyn shu ca ch shu mt tn min <.vn> m bn bj thit hai c th duoc bi thung theo
Thng Tu s 9/2008/TT-BTTTT ("Thng Tu 09), trong d quy djnh rng cc tranh chp tn min
s duoc gii quyt thng qua (i) thuong luong hoc ha gii, (ii) trong ti, hoc (iii) t tung dn su
tai ta n Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, cc phuong thc gii quyt cc tranh chp tn min ni trn gp
vn d bi v khi khng c tha thun v vic thuong luong hoc khng c tha thun trong ti di
vi tranh chp tn min (trung hop ny thung xy ra), bn bj xm pham quyn thung khng
c lua chon no khc ngoi vic np don theo trnh tu th tuc thng thung tai ta n Vit Nam
nhm thu hi tn min. y c th l mt qu trnh tn km v mt thi gian.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj sa di lut php nhm tao ra mt quy trnh gip gii quyt
nhanh chng v hiu qu cc tranh chp tn min. V du, vic yu cu ch s hu ca tn min
<.vn> phi dng chuyn tt c cc tranh chp tn min dn mt coquan ti phn, chng han nhu
T chc Shu Tr tu Th gii l coquan d gii quyt tranh chp tn min trong trung hop tn
min d bj quy kt l xm pham mt trong cc quyn di vi nhn hiu hng ha ca mt bn mt
cch nhanh chng v hiu qu. Mt lua chon khc l Vit Nam c th xy dung th tuc ca ring
mnh d gii quyt cc tranh chp tn min <.vn> (tuong dng vi Quy tc Gii quyt Tranh chp
tn min Thng nht ca WPO (UDRP)) qua d cho php cc bn tranh chp tn min s dung
ting Vit v ting Anh v/ hoc mt ngn ng nuc ngoi khc duoc s dung rng ri.
Lut php Vit Nam cn phi r rng hon v vn d khi no v trong nhng trung hop no bn
trung gian chng han nhu nh cung cp djch vu nternet phi chju trch nhim di vi vic vi pham
quyn tc gi trn mang. Mt khc, Lut SHTTquy djnh rng hnh vi xm pham quyn tc gi bao
gm "nhn bn, sn xut bn sao, phn phi, trung by, hoc truyn dat tc phm ra cng chng
qua mang truyn thng hoc cc phuong tin k thut s m khng duoc su cho php ca ch s
hu quyn tc gi (xem khon 10 iu 28). Tuy nhin mt s diu khon ca Lut Cng Ngh
Thng Tin, chng han nhu iu 16 v iu 17, dung nhu min tr cc nh cung cp djch vu
nternet v c th l cc di tuong tuong tu khc khi trch nhim php l di vi mt s hnh vi
nht djnh, nhu vic truyn ti cc tc phm duoc bo h quyn tc gi trn mang ca ho hoc luu
tr cc tc phm ny trn mang ca ho. Theo d, cc nh cung cp djch vu s khng phi chju
trch nhim v hnh vi xm pham quyn tc gi di vi cc tc phm duoc bo h quyn tc gi
duoc truyn ti hoc luu tr trn mang ca ho, bt k l cc nh cung cp djch vu d c bit dn
hnh vi xm pham hay khng, tr khi (i) chnh ho khi xung vic truyn ti cc thng tin; (ii) chnh
ho ch dng lua chon ngui tip nhn thng tin; hoc (iii) ho ch dng lua chon v hiu chinh ni
transmitted over or residing on their networks, despite their knowledge of the same, unless (i)
they themselves initiated the transmission of the information; (ii) they themselves proactively
selected recipients of transmitted information; or (iii) they proactively selected and modified the
content of the transmitted information. SPs and others must remove infringing content only
where they are so requested by competent authorities. There is no provision pursuant to which
an copyright owner may notify an SP of an act of copyright infringement and procedures by
which an SP must remove infringing subject matter following such notice. The lack of
appropriate provisions on the liability of service providers with respect to copyright infringement
taking place over their networks makes it difficult for copyright holders to protect their rights
over the internet. Such a deficiency is inconsistent with Vietnam's treaty obligations, including
Article 41 of the TRPS Agreement, which requires member countries to create a procedure
that permits effective enforcement actions against intellectual property infringements.
Recommendation: The Lawon nformation Technology and related Vietnamese laws should
be amended to provide for liability of SPs and others for copyright infringement in certain
situations, for example, when they continue to engage in the transmission or storage of
copyrighted subject matter even after notice by the PR owner. Such amendments could be
similar, for example, to corresponding 'safe harbor' provisions of U.S. law with adjustments
appropriate for Vietnam. Compliance with such 'safe harbor' provisions could exempt service
providers from liability for acts of copyright infringement that take place over their networks in
certain circumstances and will provide them with incentives to co-operate with copyright
owners to prevent or stop online infringement of copyrights. This will also help prevent the
possible abuse of discretion by state authorities in taking enforcement action against online
infringements, especially when they do not have sufficient knowledge to deal with copyright
infringement in the sophisticated context of the digital world.
The ntellectual Property Law prohibits persons from circumventing technological protection
measures to obtain access to copyrighted works. The aim of this prohibition is to protect
holders of copyrights against persons who circumvent such protection measures for the
purpose of copying. However, the wording of the current legislation is so broad as to cover even
public interest users who might wish to make fair use of copyrighted works.
Recommendation: The ntellectual Property Law should include a clear definition of
"technological protection measures. t should also include a specific provision that allows
circumvention of technological protection measures for limited purposes under certain
specifically defined circumstances in the following cases for example: circumvention by
libraries and education institutions for specific acquisition purposes; reverse engineering in
order to develop interoperable computer programs; circumvention for encryption research
conducted in good faith; circumvention in order to protect children from harmful content on the
nternet; circumvention of technological protection measures in order to protect personal
privacy; and circumvention of technological protection measures for the purpose of security
testing.
1. Court Proceedings: Though provisional remedies are available under the law, obtaining
such relief in a practical, effective and expeditious way is very difficult if not impossible: Under
Vietnamese laws, a formal court action must be commenced and "accepted by a Vietnamese
VI. PROVISIONSREGARDING TECHNOLOGICALPROTECTION
VII. PROTECTIONOF IPRIGHTSINVIETNAMESECOURTS
35
dung ca thng tin duoc truyn ti. Cc nh cung cp djch vu nternet v cc di tuong tuong tu
chi phi db cc ni dung xm pham QSHTTkhi bj bt buc theo lnh ca coquan nh nuc c
thm quyn. Php lut hin hnh khng c quy djnh no m trn co s d, ch s hu quyn tc
gi c th gi thng bo khuyn co nh cung cp djch vu nternet v hnh vi xm pham quyn tc
gi v th tuc php l d nh cung cp djch vu nternet tin hnh db cc ni dung xm pham sau
khi nhn duoc thng bo d. Vic thiu vng cc quy djnh ph hop v trch nhim ca cc nh
cung cp djch vu di vi hnh vi vi pham quyn tc gi duoc thuc hin trn mang ca ho khin cho
cc ch shu quyn tc gi gp kh khn khi bo v quyn ca ch shu trn nternet. Su bt
cp ny khng ph hop vi cc ngha vu ca Vit Nam theo cc diu uc quc t, bao gm iu
41 ca Hip jnh TRPS, vn di hi cc quc gia thnh vin phi quy djnh th tuc cho php tin
hnh cc hnh vi php l thuc thi QSHTTchng lai cc hnh vi xm pham QSHTT.
Kin ngh[: Lut Cng Ngh Thng Tin v cc lut lin quan ca Vit Nam cn duoc sa di d th
hin cc quy djnh v trch nhim ca cc nh cung cp djch vu nternet v cc di tuong tuong tu
di vi hnh vi xm pham quyn tc gi trong mt s trung hop nht djnh, chng han nhu, khi ho
vn tip tuc vic truyn ti hoc luu tr cc tc phm duoc bo h quyn tc gi ngay c sau khi d
nhn duoc thng bo ca ch s hu QSHTT. Nhng sa di ny c th tuong tu vi, v du, cc
quy djnh tuong ng v "min tr trch nhim trong trung hop ngay tnh trong lut php Hoa Ky,
c diu chinh ph hop vi bi cnh Vit Nam. Vic tun th cc quy djnh v "min tr trch nhim
nhu trn s min trch nhim cho nh cung cp djch vu di vi cc hnh vi xm pham quyn tc
gi c kh nng pht sinh trn mang ca ho trong cc trung hop nht djnh v c tc dung khuyn
khch ho hop tc vi ch shu quyn tc gi trong vic ngn chn hoc dnh chi cc hnh vi xm
pham quyn tc gi trn mang. Vic ny cng gip ngn nga su lam quyn c th xy ra ca co
quan nh nuc khi tin hnh cc bin php thuc thi chng cc hnh vi xm pham QSHTT trn
mang internet, dc bit khi co quan nh nuc khng c d kin thc d x l cc hnh vi xm
pham quyn tc gi trong bi cnh phc tap ca th gii k thut s.
Lut Shu Tr tu ngn cm cc t chc v c nhn ph vcc bin php cng ngh d s dung
bt hop php cc tc phm duoc bo h quyn tc gi. Muc dch ca vic ngn cm ny l d bo
v cc ch th nm gi quyn tc gi khi cc di tuong b kha cc bin php cng ngh d
nhm sao chp bt hop php. Tuy nhin, t ng duoc s dung trong quy djnh php lut hin hnh
c ni hm qu rng dn mc bao gm c cng chng s dung cc tc phm duoc bo h quyn
tc gi v muc dch chnh dng.

Kin ngh[: Lut SHTT cn phi quy djnh mt djnh ngha r rng v "cc bin php cng ngh.
Lut cng cn phi c mt diu khon cu th cho php ph v cc bin php cng ngh cho mt
s muc dch han ch trong mt s trung hop duoc quy djnh cu th nhu cc trung hop sau: cho
php thu vin v vin gio duc ph vcc bin php cng ngh v cc muc dch trung dung cu th;
cho php thuc hin k thut phn tch nguoc d pht trin cc chuong trnh tin hoc c th vn hnh
ni b; cho php ph vcc bin php cng ngh v muc dch nghin cu m ha duoc thuc hin
mt cch ngay tnh; cho php ph vbin php cng ngh nhm ngn cn tr em truy cp cc ni
dung dc hai trn mang nternet; cho php ph v cc bin php cng ngh nhm bo mt thng
tin c nhn; v cho php ph vcc bin php bo v cng ngh v muc dch kim tra an ninh.
1. Th tc t tng tai ta n: Mc d cc bin php ch ti tam thi d duoc quy djnh sn trong
vn bn php lut hin hnh, vic thuc thi cc bin php ny theo cch thc thuc t, hiu qu v
nhanh gon l rt kh khn, thm ch gn nhu l khng th: Theo lut php Vit Nam, mt vu kin
VI. QUY[NHVVIECBO VECNG NGHE
VII. BO VEQUYNS HUTR TUETAI TANVIET NAM
court before such remedies as seizure of counterfeit goods and evidence of infringement can
even be sought from the court. n practice, preparing and submitting a complaint in a form that
will be accepted and acted on by a Vietnamese court can be very onerous and tedious due to
the requirement that complaints be supported by evidence that has been notarized and/or
legalized (in a foreign country). Meeting such onerous formal requirements can often take
months, making it virtually impossible for owners of intellectual property rights to act quickly to
protect themselves against counterfeiters who are often capable of "suspending or "hiding
their illegal activities at the slightest hint action is being taken against them.
Recommendation: The Civil Proceedings Code should be revised to permit an owner of
intellectual property rights to expeditiously seek and obtain provisional relief on the basis of
proof of ownership of the intellectual property rights in question and, for example, a "sworn
declaration of the alleged facts or other a lower threshold of evidence. Further, such
provisional relief should not be subject to a notarization/legalization requirement. Simple
copies of ownership documents should be accepted initially by the court, subject to the
submission of certified copies within a reasonable period of time thereafter.
2. Education of judges in charge of IPcases in Vietnamese courts: Vietnamese courts and
judges often have very little experience in dealing with intellectual property disputes. However,
the ability of intellectual property rights owners to enforce their rights is largely dependent on a
knowledgeable and experienced Vietnamese judiciary.
Recommendation: Vietnam should take steps to expedite the training of more Vietnamese
judges in intellectual property matters. Training on the determination of compensation for
damages together with the calculation of damages is also essential for civil judges. Further, the
Vietnamese Government should consider establishing specialized tribunals to handle P
matters.
P assessment organisations including The Vietnam ntellectual Property Research nstitute
("VPR) under the Ministry of Science and Technology are able to assess claims of intellectual
property rights infringement in Vietnam. Owners of Prights can nowobtain an Passessment
conclusion on a perceived infringement and include the assessment conclusion in a cease
and desist letter to the infringer(s), as well as use such conclusions to enlist the assistance of P
enforcement authorities such as the Market Management Department ("MMD), the Economic
Police as well as Vietnamese Customs.
Recommendation: While the establishment of P assessment organizations such as the
VPR are a positive development, they need to be staffed with a sufficient number of well-
trained an experienced professionals who are capable of considering all of the facts of a case
and issuing well-reasoned conclusions in writing and in sufficient detail so that the parties can
understand the reasoning underlying the conclusions.
VIII. STRENGTHENING IPASSESSMENT ORGANISATIONS INCLUDING THE VIETNAM
INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRESEARCHINTITUTE("VIPRI")
37
truc ta n phi duoc trin khai v "duoc thu l bi mt ta n Vit Nam truc khi p dung cc
bin php nhu tjch thu hng gi mao nhn hiu v truc khi chng c v hnh vi xm pham c th
duoc to n thu thp. Trn thuc t, vic soan v np mt don khiu kin theo mu d duoc ta n
Vit Nam thu l l kh phin toi v kh nhoc do yu cu rng cc khiu kin phi di km vi chng
c d duoc cng chng v/ hoc hop php ha lnh su ( nuc ngoi). p ng cc yu cu
hnh thc nng n ny c th mt hng thng tri, v vic ny khin cho cc ch s hu QSHTT
hu nhu khng th hnh dng kjp thi d tu bo v mnh truc nhng k sn xut hng gi
thung c kh nng "tam hon hoc "n giu cc hoat dng bt hop php khi c thng tin rng ho
sp bj x l.
Kin ngh[: B Lut T tung Dn su cn phi duoc sa di nhm cho php ch s hu
QSHTTnhanh chng yu cu v duoc thi hnh cc bin php khn cp tam thi trn co s xut
trnh chng c v vic s hu cc quyn s hu tr tu lin quan v, v du, mt "bn tuyn th v
cc tnh tit chng minh yu cu khiu kin hoc cc chng c c gi trj chng minh thp hon.
Hon na, cc bin php khn cp tam thi d khng nn phu thuc vo yu cu cng chng/ hop
php ha lnh su. Khi dim, ta n nn tip nhn cc bn sao don thun cc ti liu chng minh
quyn s hu, ty thuc vo vic trnh np cc bn sao chng thuc cc ti liu ny trong mt
khong thi gian hop l sau d.
2. o tao cc thm phn ph trch cc v vic SHTT tai ta n Vit Nam: Ta n v thm
phn Vit Nam thung c rt t kinh nghim x l cc tranh chp v QSHTT. Tuy nhin, kh nng
ca cc ch shu QSHTTthuc thi cc quyn ca ho phn ln lai phu thuc vo kin thc v kinh
nghim ca h thng tu php Vit Nam.
Kin ngh[: Vit Nam cn phi thuc thi cc bin php d thc dy vic do tao cc thm phn Vit
Nam v cc vn d s hu tr tu. Cng cn hun luyn cho cc thm phn dn su v vn d xc
djnh mc bi thung thit hai cng nhu tnh ton thit hai. Hon na, Chnh ph Vit Nam cn cn
nhc vn d thnh lp cc ta n chuyn trch d x l cc vn d v SHTT.
Cc t chc gim djnh SHTTbao gm Vin Khoa Hoc SHu Tr Tu Vit Nam ("VKHSHTT) truc
thuc B Khoa hoc v Cng Ngh c kh nng gim djnh cc yu cu v vic xm pham quyn s
hu tr tu Vit Nam. Ch s hu quyn SHTT gi dy c th nhn duoc kt lun gim djnh
SHTT di vi mt hnh vi xm pham d bj pht gic v dua ni dung ca kt lun gim djnh vo
cc thu khuyn co d gi dn nhng ngui vi pham, yu cu chm dt hnh vi vi pham , cng
nhu s dung cc kt lun gim djnh ny nhm ku goi su trogip ca cc coquan thuc thi SHTT,
chng han nhu Coquan Qun l Thj trung, Cng an Kinh t cng nhu Hi quan Vit Nam.
Kin ngh[: Mc d vic thnh lp cc t chc gim djnh SHTT chng han nhu VKHSHTT l mt
buc pht trin tch cuc, cc t chc ny cn tuyn dung d cc chuyn gia giu kinh nghim v
duoc do tao bi bn; cc chuyn gia ny l nhng ngui c kh nng xem xt moi tnh tit ca vu
vic v ban hnh cc kt lun hop l bng vn bn vi dy d chi tit nhm dm bo rng cc bn
lin quan hiu duoc cosl lun ca cc kt lun d.
VIII. CNG C CC TO CHC GIM [NH S HU TR TUE BAO GM VIEN KHOA HQC
S HUTR TUEVIET NAM ("VIPRI")
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS (M&A) IN VIETNAM
I. OVERVIEW
II. SPECIFICISSUES
Vietnamese laws generally allowforeign investors to acquire shares in Vietnamese enterprises
at unrestricted levels, unless specific restrictions are provided by the WTO and other
Vietnamese laws. However, some local Departments of Planning and nvestment (DP) have
shown resistance to this general principle. n particular, local DPs often demand without legal
basis "official letters from the Ministry of Planning and nvestment (MP), confirming that such
acquisitions are permitted. n other cases, local DPs have unilaterally tried to prevent such
acquisitions from being made, or have indefinitely delayed registering such acquisitions. We
believe that such practice jeopardizes the attractiveness of Vietnam as an investment
destination. n particular, the following issues have been identified:
1. Different registration requirements for foreign and domestic companies: Article 9 of
Decree 139 provides that any company with 49% or more foreign investment will require an
investment project and thus an investment certificate in accordance with the Law on
nvestment. Companies with up to 49% foreign investment will follow provisions for domestic
companies and thus require only a business registration certificate and a simple procedure
which requires relatively little documentation. However, with acquisitions which will lead to
foreign investment of 49% or more, the company must followthe procedures listed in Decision
1088 for issuance of an investment certificate. This procedure is long and arduous and
requires the same documentation necessary to create a foreign invested company in Vietnam.
t thus may make acquiring an existing company in Vietnam less attractive for investors wishing
to enter the Vietnamese market through acquisition. Furthermore, some DPs arbitrarily require
any company with equity acquired by a foreign investor, regardless of the percentage, to go
through the entire investment certificate procedure. So the burdensome procedures are
applied even if the company only has 1% foreign investment.
2. Post acquisition issues pertaining to Land Use Rights of acquired companies: There
is a misperception that exists in some Departments of Natural Resources and the Environment
("DONRE) with regards to the ownership of Land Use Rights ("LUR) of acquired companies.
n at least one instance a local DONRE has refused to enforce an acquired company's LUR
post acquisition without evidence of a transfer of LUR from the former owner of the acquired
company to the newowner of the acquired company. When a company is acquired, there may
be some legal necessities for converting the nature of LURdepending on the newowner of the
company, however there is no need to have a separate transaction with regards to the assets,
including LUR, of the company. This seems to be due to the misconception that the acquisition
of a company through capital contribution is a change of ownership of a company, rather than a
piece by piece acquisition of assets.
3. Registration for amendment of investment certificate/business registration
certificate of LLCwith two or more members in case of changing of membership arising
from assignment of equity interest: Decree 88/2006/ND-CP dated 29 August 2006 on
business registration provides that an application file for registration of a change of
membership arising from assignment of equity interest in a limited liability company with two or
more members must be accompanied with "documents evidencing the completion of the
assignment. Unfortunately, there is no guidance on what is meant by "documents evidencing
the completion. Accordingly, different DPs have made arbitrary and discretionary decisions
SP NHAP & MUA BN DOANH NGHIEP (M&A) TAI VIET NAM
39
I. VN CHUNG
II. CAC VN CU TH
V nguyn tc , Lut php Vit Nam cho php nh du tu nuc ngoi mua c phn ca cc
doanh nghip Vit Nam vi mc khng han ch, trkhi cc han ch ny duoc quy din h bi T
chc Thuong mai th gii (WTO) v cc dao lut khc. Tuy nhin, mt s Sk hoach u tu
trong nuc ("SKHT) d khng p dung nguyn tc chung ny. Cu th, mt s SKHT
thuon g dua ra cc yu cu thiu cosphp l l phi c cng vn t B K Hoach v u Tu
chng thuc rng vic mua lai d l duoc php. Trong mt s trung hop khc, cc SKHTd
c gng don phuong cn tr vic thuc hin mua bn doanh nghip, hay tr hon v thi han
vic dng k mua bn doanh nghip d. Chng ti cho rn g, nhng hin tuon g d gy tn hai
dn su hp dn ca Vit Nam vi vai tr l dim dn ca cc ngun du tu.
1. Cc yu cu dng k khc nhau cho cng ty trong nuc v cng ty nuc ngoi
iu 9 ca Nghj djnh 139 quy djnh rng bt ky cng ty no c trn 49% vn du tu nuc ngoi
s phi c du n du tu v giy chng nhn du tu theo quy djnh ca Lut u tu. Cng ty c
dui 49% vn du tu nuc ngoi s thuc hin cc quy djnh nhu di vi cc cng ty trong nuc
v v vy chi cn c giy chng nhn dng k kinh doanh v mt th tuc don gin vi tuong di
t giy t. Tuy nhin, vi nhng vu mua bn doanh nghip dn dn vn du tu nuc ngoi qu
49%, cng ty phi thuc hin cc th tuc duoc lit k trong Quyt djnh 1088 v cp giy chng
nhn du tu. Th tuc ny ko di, kh khn v di hi cc giy t ging nhu l thnh lp mt
cng ty c vn du tu nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam. V vy, diu ny lm cho vic mua bn mt cng
ty hin hu tai Vit Nam t hp dn hon di vi cc nh du tu mun thm nhp thj trung Vit
Nam thng qua vic mua doanh nghip. Hon na, mt s SKHT ty tin di hi moi cng ty
c vn ch s hu duoc nh du tu nuc ngoi mua lai, bt k t l phn trm, phi tri qua
ton b th tuc cp giy chng nhn du tu. Quy trin h mt mi ny bj p dun g ngay c khi cng
ty chi c 1% vn du tu nuc ngoi.
2. Cc vn d sau mua bn doanh nghip Iin quan dn quyn s dng dt ca php
nhn duoc mua Iai
Vn cn tn tai nhn thc sai lm tai mt s STi nguyn v Mi trung ("STNMT) v quan
h shu quyn s dung dt ("QSD) ca cc cng ty duoc mua lai. Vi du l mt STNMTd
t chi cp Giy chng nhn QSDcho mt doanh nghip sau khi mua bn, vi l do l khng
c bng chng ca vic chuyn giao QSD t ch c cho ch mi ca cng ty duoc mua lai .
Khi mt cng ty duoc mua lai , cn phi thuc hin mt s cng vic php l cn thit d chuyn
di chng nhn QSD sang tn ngui ch s hu mi; tuy nhin khng cn thit phi c cc
giao dic h ring r lin quan dn ti sn ca doanh nghip , k c QSD. iu ny d dn dn
nhn thc sai lm v mua lai doanh nghip thng qua gp vn l lm thay di quyn s hu
cng ty, m dng ra l thay di phn quyn shu ca ti sn d duoc mua lai .
3. ng k sa di giy chng nhn du tu/giy chng nhn dng k kinh doanh ca
cng ty TNHH c hai thnh vin tr In trong trung hp c thay di thnh vin pht
sinh t vic chuyn nhung phn vn gp
Nghj djnh 88/2006/N-CPngy 29 thng 8 nm 2006 v dng k kinh doanh quy djnh rng h
so dng k thay di thnh vin pht sinh t vic chuyn nhuong phn vn gp trong cng ty
trch nhim hu han c hai thnh vin tr ln phi dnh km "chng t chng minh hon tt
vic chuyn nhuong. Khng may l hin chua c hung dn th no l "chng t chng
minh hon tt". Theo do cc SKHT khc nhau d dua ra cc quyt djnh don phuong v ty
when requesting documents, with some DPs requesting a company provide proof that the
seller has received full payment of purchase price from the purchaser. Consequently, this
requirement places the purchasers in a very risky situation where it must pay the purchase
price in full and certify the full payment of the purchase price before the receiving final approval
of the DP. This final approval by the DP is beyond the control of the parties.
4. Restructuring: n the current economic climate, financial restructuring of both Vietnamese
and foreign invested entities is necessary to preserve stakeholder (shareholders, funders,
employees, tax authorities, etc) interests in the short, medium and longer term. However,
experience has shown that the process to obtain regional and Hanoi licensing authority clarity
on issues such as tax incentives, LUR, etc. s extremely long, lacks consistency and ultimately
places greater financial distress on the businesses requiring restructuring. Having a single
department in Hanoi which oversees restructuring and can give decisive judgments on these
areas would be welcomed. This is particularly relevant as there would not appear to be any
legislative guidelines in place currently for the actual restructuring process or the corporate tax
or VATimplications thereof.
5. AvaiIabiIity and quaIity of information: Currently there is no hard evidence of an ongoing
M&Amarket in Vietnam, as deals remain silent or are poorly publicized. Presently there is very
little information in the public realm with regards to transactions, pricing, actual deals, and
practice. This means that foreign investors are hesitant to enter a market and M&A practice
remains unclear. Those investors that do enter the market looking for acquisition deals tend to
spend a lot of money and time gathering whatever information they can before deciding to
make a deal or before deciding that the process is too arduous and leaving Vietnam.
Furthermore, if any information is gathered it is not necessarily easily verified. As the M&A
market lacks transparency and an easy dissemination of information, it does not provide
confidence for foreign investors, but rather attracts investors willing to take risks.
6. CIarification of exit mechanisms and enforcement in generaI: Foreign investors have
entered into share purchase agreements in Vietnam with exit mechanisms such as put and call
options drafted into such agreements. However, it remains unclear whether these exit
mechanisms may be enforced or relied upon since in many cases, specifically with limited
liability companies, a change of partners must be registered with the local DP. This
registration acts as de facto approval of the transfer or sale, thus taking away the power of the
exit mechanism. Furthermore, it may encourage local partners from honoring such
agreements. Foreign investors need to be able to rely on share purchase agreements, namely
that their partners will honor the agreements, that the local courts will enforce such
agreements, and that the local authorities will have minimal involvement further than de jure
registration with no de facto approvals.
We believe that the MP and the DPs should take a uniform and predictable approach in
allowing foreign investors purchase interests in Vietnamese companies according to WTO-
commitments and not delay, unless explicit restrictions are provided by the WTO and other
Vietnamese laws. To this end, we recommend both the promulgation of consistent regulations,
and training of local DPs to execute such regulations. We further recommend that the DPs
should take a uniform and predictable approach in applying registration procedures.
III. RECOMMENDATIONS
41
tin khi yu cu cc chng t; mt s SKHTcn yu cu doanh nghip cung cp xc nhn l
ngui bn d nhn d s tin thanh ton t ngui mua. Hu qu l yu cu ny dt ngui mua
vo vj th rt ri ro khi m ngui mua phi tr tin mua dy d v xc nhn thanh ton dy d
tin mua truc khi c duoc su chng nhn cui cng ca SKHT. Chng nhn cui cng ny
ca SKHTnm ngoi su kim sot ca cc bn.
4. Ti cu trc
Trong mi trung kinh t hin nay, vic ti cu trc ti chnh ca c doanh nghip Vit Nam v
doanh nghip c vn du tu nuc ngoi l cn thit d bo v loi ch ca cc bn lin quan (c
dng, nh ti tro, ngui lao dng, co quan thu v.v.) trong ngn han, trung v di han. Tuy
nhin, kinh nghim cho thy rn g, quy trin h d cc coquan c thm quyn cp php tai H Ni
v cc dja phuong lm r cc vn d nhu uu di thu, quyn sdun g dt , v.v. ko di rt lu,
thiu su nht qun v cui cng gy tn hai ti chnh ln hon cho cc doanh nghip cn ti cu
trc. Rt dng hoan nghnh nu nhu c mt co quan chuyn trch tai H Ni d gim st vic
ti cu trc v dua ra cc phn quyt thi hnh di vi lnh vuc ny. iu ny dc bit cn thit
khi hin nay khng c mt hnh lang php l cho quy trin h ti cu trc hoc p dun g thu thu
nhp doanh nghip hay VATlin quan dn vic ti cu trc.
5. Cht Iuon g v tin h d tip cn ca thng tin
Hin tai khng c bng chng vng chc no v thj trung M&Adang din ra tai Vit Nam, v
hu ht cc giao djch duoc gi kn v t duoc cng b. Hin tai c rt t thng tin cng khai v
cc giao djch, gi c, giao djch thuc su, v vic thuc hin. iu ny c ngha rng nh du tu
nuc ngoi cn do du khi tham gia thj trung v vic thuc hin M&A vn cn chua r rng.
Nhng nh du tu tham gia thj trung tm kim cc giao djch mua bn doanh nghip c
khuynh hung b nhiu tin v thi gian d thu thp bt ky thng tin g m ho c th tim thy ,
truc khi quyt djnh thuc hin giao djch hoc truc khi quyt djnh rng quy trnh ny qu kh
khn v ri khi Vit Nam. Hon na, khng d kim chng vi bt ky thng tin no thu thp
duoc. Khi thj trung M&Athiu su minh bach cng nhu thiu su d dng ph bin thng tin, thj
trung khng tao duoc su tin tung cho nh du tu nuc ngoi, nhung lai thu ht cc nh du
tu sn sng mun chp nhn ri ro.
6. Lm r co ch k han v hiu Ic thc thi chung
Nh du tu nuc ngoi d k hop dng mua c phn tai Vit Nam vi coch ky han nhu quyn
chon bn v quyn chon mua duoc nu trong cc hop dng ny. Tuy nhin, vn cn diu chua
r l cc co ch ky han ny c th c hiu luc hoc dng tin cy hay khng bi v trong nhiu
trung hop, cu th l vi cc cng ty trch nhim hu han, vic thay di thnh vin phi duoc
dng k tai cc SKHT. Vic dng k ny c vai tr nhu l su chp thun trn thuc t di vi
vic chuyn nhuong hoc bn, do vy tuc mt quyn ca co ch ky han. Hon na, diu ny
c th khuyn khch cc di tc trong nuc khng thuc hin dng cam kt hop dng. Nh du
tu nuc ngoi phi c th tin cy vo hop dng mua c phn, ngha l di tc trong nuc s tn
trong hop dng ny, ta n s dm bo vic thuc hin hop dng v co quan chnh quyn s
khng can thip vo hop dng tr vic dng k theo lut djnh m khng phi l cho php trn
thuc t.
Chng ti cho rn g B K hoac h v u tu cng cc S KHT nn thuc hin thn g nht v
dn g b vic gii quyt vic cp php cho cc nh du tu nuc ngoi mua c phn ca cc
cng ty Vit Nam theo cc cam kt cua WTOv khng nn tri hon tr khi c nhng han ch r
rng do WTO v php lut trong nuc quy djnh. Theo d, chng ti kin nghj ban hnh nhng
III. KIN NGHI:
Burdensome procedures, if at all, should not be applied to any foreign company, but only to
companies with at least 49% foreign investment. However, we generally recommend that
acquisition procedures for majority foreign owned companies are simplified and closer to the
business registration procedures. Further, we suggest that DPs do not make share purchase
agreements subject to any registration or approval procedures. Finally, a central registration
body of M&Atransactions and their details would shed light on the M&Amarket in Vietnam, and
provide a base for foreign investors to make decisions about entering the Vietnamese market
through an acquisition.
43
quy din h dn g b v t chc hoat dn g do tao cho cc SKHTd thuc thi cc quy djnh ny.
Qua d chng ti cng kin nghj cc SKHTnn p dun g thn g nht v dn g b th tuc dng
k. Khng nn p dun g cc th tuc dng k rum r (nu c) cho moi cng ty nuc ngoi, m
chi p dun g cho cng ty c it nht 49% vn du tu nuc ngoi. Tuy nhin, chng ti kin nghj
chung rn g nn don gin ha cc th tuc mua lai doanh nghip ca cng ty c phn vn nuc
ngoi chim da s, v gn vi cc th tuc dng k kinh doanh. Thm vo d, chng ti goi
rn g cc S KHT khng nn coi cc hop dn g chuyn nhuon g phn vn gp l di tuon g
chin h cho bt c th tuc dng k kinh doanh hay cp chng nhn . Cui cng, mt trung tm
dng k giao dic h mua bn doanh nghip v cung cp thng tin s gip cho thj trung mua bn
v sp nhp doanh nghip tai Vit Nam thm minh bac h, dn g thi cung cp dim tua cho nh
du tu nuc ngoi khi ra quyt djnh xm nhp thj trung Vit Nam thng qua hoat dn g mua
doanh nghip .
PHARMACEUTICALS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. REQUIREMENTSFORNEWANDINNOVATIVEMEDICINES
EuroCham welcomes the government's initiatives, in particular from the Ministry of Health
(MoH), to increase the quality of pharmaceutical products, patient safety and the efficient
circulation of pharmaceutical and biological products in Vietnam. Despite those positive
developments, there are still some areas where progress is needed and where there is
significant advancement to be made. EuroCham's sector committee for pharmaceuticals
(PharmaGroup) has identified the following main areas which still need progress in order to
benefit patients and healthcare professionals: (i) Requirements for new and innovative
medicines, (ii) the possibility for foreign pharmaceutical companies to directly import products in
Vietnam, (iii) the printing of expiry date (for both drug and vaccine) and compulsory information
on small label in the primary packaging (for vaccine) and (iv) intellectual property protection.
The Vietnamese government maintains several barriers to market access that, taken together,
significantly impede the import of innovative pharmaceutical and biological products. This
appears to be contrasted with the relatively modest requirements for locally manufactured
products and imported generic by local Vietnamese companies.
1. Certificate of PharmaceuticaI Product: A"Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (CPP) or
a "Free Sales Certificate (FSC) and "Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) certification from
the country of manufacturing or packaging is mandatory as part of the marketing authorization
process for all imported pharmaceutical products. These documents are issued by each health
authority to confirm that a product has been licensed for sale within their country. However, the
country of manufacturing and/or packaging may not always be the country where the product is
marketed. n that case, according to the current regulation, for the registration of a new
imported product, the authorities would not accept the CPP from those countries. These
requirements often result in a significant hurdle in applying for registration, which has an
administrative and commercial impact on pharmaceutical companies and delays the
availability of innovative medicines in Vietnam. Currently, a new regulation is being discussed
for these cases (manufacturing and/or packaging but not marketed), and CPP from members
of he G7, United States and Japan are likely to be accepted for the submission to the marketing
authorization.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that the Drug Administration Vietnam (DAV) and
the MoH finalize the new regulation first. A CPP from any country should be sufficient
acceptable to comply with the Vietnamese import regulations.
2. QuaIity tests of vaccines and bioIogicaI products: The Vietnamese Government requires
systematic quality tests for all newbatches of vaccines and biological products before they are
imported into the country. The Vietnamese authority requires from the importing countries the
certificate of batches release delivered by the importing countries authorities with samples
attached in order to test the safety of each imported products. These "batch tests" are
scientifically unnecessary and time consuming, resulting in an undue burden on manufacturers
and delaying the availability of vaccines to Vietnamese citizens. n addition, biological products
are not manufactured in batches but must nevertheless comply with testing requirements.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that the requirement for quality tests be
removed.
DUQC PHAM
45
I. GIOI THIU
II. YUCUI VOI CCLOAI THUC MOI V THUCMANG TNHPHT KIN
EuroCham hoan nghnh nhng sng kin ca Chnh ph ni chung v ca B Y t ni ring
nhm tng cht luong sn phm duoc , an ton cho bn h nhn cng nhu hiu qu diu trj ca
cc sn phm duoc v sn phm sinh hoc dang luu hnh tai Vit Nam. Bn can h nhng pht
trin rt tic h cuc , vn cn nhiu lnh vuc cn duoc diu chin h v cn c nhng buc tin dng
k. EuroCham nhn thy nhng lnh vuc ch yu sau dy cn duoc thay di nhm dem lai loi
ic h cho bn h nhn v luc luong chm sc y t: (i) Yu cu di vi cc loai thuc mi v thuc
mi duoc sng ch; (ii) Cho php cc cng ty duoc phm nuc ngoi duoc nhp khu truc
tip sn phm vo Vit Nam; (iii) n han sdun g (di vi thuc v vc-xin) v chi dn bt buc in
trn nhn dn bao b truc tip dng sn phm (di voi vc-xin); v (iv) Bo v shu tri tu.
Chin h ph Vit Nam hin duy tri mt s hng ro thuong mai, m v tn g th, han ch dng k
hoat dn g nhp khu duoc phm mang tnh pht kin v sn phm sinh hoc . iu ny c v
tri nguoc vi yu cu tuong di khim tn di vi cc sn phm sn xut ni dja v cc sn
phm ph thng do cc cng ty duoc ca Vit Nam nhp khu.
1. Giy Chng nhn Duc phm (CPP): Giy Chng nhn Duoc phm (CPP) hoc Giy
Chng nhn ban tu do (FSC) v Giy Chng nhn Thuc hnh sn xut thuc tt (GMP) tcc
nuc sn xut hoc dng gi l yu t bt buc phi c nhu mt phn trong quy trin h ph
chun tip thj ca moi sn phm duoc nhp khu . Cc giy chng nhn ny do co quan c
thm quyn ca tng nuc ban hnh, chng nhn rng sn phm d duoc cp php bn
hng nuc ho. Tuy nhin, nuc sn xut/dng gi c th khng phi l nuc d sn phm
duoc tip thj. Theo quy djnh hin hnh v dng k mt sn phm thuc nhp khu mi, co
quan nh nuc Vit Nam khng chp nhn CPPca cc quc gia ni trn. Nhng yu cu ny
c th tao ra ro cn ln trong vic dng k v c nh hung v qun trj v thuong mai ti cc
cng ty thnh vin ca EuroCham v lm chm vic hin din cc loai thuc mang tnh pht
kin tai Vit Nam. Hin c mt du tho quy djnh mi dang duoc cn nhc v cc trung hop
trn (sn xut v dng gi nhung khng tip thj tai thj trung d) v CCP duoc cp bi cc
quc gia thnh vin G7, Hoa Ky v Nht Bn s duoc xem nhu d diu kin d cp quyn bn
ra thj trung.
Kin nghi: EuroCham kin nghj Cuc qun l Duoc (DAV) v B YT truc ht nn hon thin
quy djnh mi ny. Chng chi CPP ca moi quc gia cng nn duoc coi l diu kin d d p
dun g vi cc quy djnh nhp khu ca Vit Nam
2. Kim tra cht Iung vc-xin v cc sn phm sinh hc: Chnh ph Vit Nam yu cu
kim tra cht luong h thng tt c cc l vc-xin v sn phm sinh hoc mi truc khi nhp
khu vo Vit Nam. Coquan nh nuc Vit Nam yu cu giy chng nhn s l phi duoc cp
bi quc gia nhp vi mu thuc km theo d kim tra tnh an ton ca mi sn phm nhp v.
Vic "kim tra theo l ny l khng cn thit v mt khoa hoc v tn thi gian, tao ra nhng
gnh nng khng cn thit di vi cc nh sn xut v lm chm tr vic dua vc-xin dn vi
ngui dn Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, cc sn phm sinh hoc khng duoc sn xut theo l cng vn bj
yu cu phi thuc hin kim tra.

Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj bi b yu cu nhng kim tra cht luong sn phm nu trn.
PHARMACEUTICALS
3. Requirement of remaining sheIf-Iife (at Ieapt 2/3 of totaI sheIf-Iife) upon arrivaI to
Vietnam: According to Circular N.08/2006/TT-BYT, vaccines imported to Viet Nam need to
have a remaining shelf life at least 2/3 of their total shelf life. However, under the current
regulations, manufacturers must present a "National Batch Release of the origin country. This
certificate is often time consuming to obtain, and therefore remaining shelf life is becoming
shorter whilst companies are waiting for importation.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that the requirement on remaining shelf-life (at
least 2/3 of total shelf-life) upon arrival to Vietnam be removed.
4. Lack of bioequivaIence study requirements: Generic medicines are exempted from
clinical trials, including the bioequivalence studies before applying for their market
authorization. Bioequivalence studies are designed to ensure that the generic product has the
same therapeutic and chemical equivalence as the original medicine. Vietnam's policy
exempts generic manufacturers from this important testing requirement fulfilled by research-
based manufacturers. t is critical that these studies are conducted for all products to ensure
that patients are receiving safe, effective and high-quality medicines. These low requirements
for registration of generic products cannot be compared with the very strict requirements for
registration of newproducts and can hardly be said to be in the interest of patient safety.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that the registration requirements for generic
products are increased to a level similar to the requirements to original products.
5. Requirement that cIinicaI triaIs be conducted in Vietnam: For the registration of new
products, multinational companies are required to conduct local clinical trials if the product has
been available in their countries of origin for less than five years. This requirement is
unnecessary, as PharmaGroup member companies have developed and manufactured
medicines under stringent rules and rigorous protocols in order to be in line with the regulation
required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency
(EMEA), and other internationally recognized regulatory agencies such as the nternational
Conference on Harmonization (CH). The duplication of clinical trials already conducted outside
Vietnam would result in a significant cost for the manufacturer and would unnecessarily delay
the access to medicines for Vietnamese physicians and patients.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that manufacturers conducting clinical trials
outside of Vietnam in accordance with FDA, EMEAor other CH standards should be exempt
from this requirement.
1. EstabIishment of foreign invested import companies: Vietnam agreed, as part of its
WTO accession commitments, to extend trading rights (the right to import and export
independent of government-approved channels) to pharmaceuticals, effective January 1,
2009. These trading rights have further legal foundation in regulations relating to import and
export rights such as Decree 23/2007/ND-CP (12/02/07) and decision 10/2007 /QD-BTM
(21/05/07) issued by the Ministry of ndustry and Trade. Pharmaceuticals products are subject
to additional and specific regulations from the Ministry of Health and the Drug Administration of
Vietnam. The Ministry of Health offered to release guidelines, which specify the operational
III. TRADING RIGHTS: POSSIBILITY FOR FOREIGN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
TO DIRECTLYIMPORT PRODUCTSINVIETNAM.
DUQC PHAM
47
3. Yu cu v han dng cn Iai ca sn phm duc (t nht cn 2/3 thi gian cn Iai)
truc khi nhp khu vo Vit Nam: Theo quy djnh tai Thng tu s 08/2006/TT-BYT, vc-xin
nhp khu vo Vit Nam phi dm bo c tui tho t nht l bng 2/3 thi gian cn lai ca thi
han s dung. Tuy nhin, theo cc quy djnh hin hnh th nh sn xut phi xut trnh "s l" ca
nuc xut x. Vic hon tt Chng nhn ny thung mt nhiu thi gian v khin cho han
dng cn lai ca sn phm ngy mt ngn hon trong khi cc cng ty phi ch doi d duoc
nhp khu.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj d b quy djnh han dng cn lai ca sn phm (t nht l 2/3
tng thi han s dung) cho dn khi nhp khu vo Vit Nam.
4. Thiu cc yu cu nghin cu tnh tuong duong sinh hc: Cc loai thuc ch phm
duoc min tr th nghim lm sng, bao gm c yu cu nghin cu tnh tuong duong sinh
hoc truc khi np don xin php dua thuc vo thj trung. Cc nghin cu tnh tuong duong
sinh hoc duoc thit k nhm bo dm rng thuc ch phm c cng tnh cht diu trj v ha
hoc tuong duong vi loai hoat cht gc. Chnh sch ca Vit Nam min tr yu cu kim tra
quan trong ny cho cc nh sn xut thuc ch phmtrong khi cc nh nghin cu sn xut
thuc phi thuc hin kim tra. Y ngha ca vic p dun g cc nghin cu ny cho tt c cc sn
phm l d bo dm bnh nhn duoc nhn cc loai thuc an ton, hiu qu v c cht luong
cao. Cc yu cu rt thp trong vic dng k thuc ch phm l khng th so snh duoc di vi
nhng yu cu rt kht khe d dng k sn phm duoc mi v khng th ni l nhm dm bo
an ton cho bnh nhn.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj mc d yu cu dng k di vi thuc ch phm phi tuong
duong vi mc d yu cu di vi cc sn phm c hoat cht gc.
5. Yu cu thc hin th nghim Im sng tai Vit Nam: dng k sn phm duoc mi,
cc cng ty da quc gia duoc yu cu phi thuc hin th nghim lm sng tai Vit Nam truc
khi dng k thuc mi nu thuc d chua duoc luu hnh tai nuc s tai t 5 nm tr ln. Yu
cu ny l khng cn thit, v cc cng ty thnh vin thuc ngnh duoc ca EuroCham khi pht
trin v sn xut cc loai thuc ny d phi tun th theo nhng quy tc nghim ngt v cc th
tuc cht ch ph hop vi cc tiu chun ca Cuc Qun l Duoc v Thuc phm Hoa Ky (FDA)
Co quan Qun l Duoc Chu u (EMEA) v cc co quan qun l thuc quc t khc nhu Hi
nghj quc t v ha hop cc yu cu k thut di vi vic dng k duoc phm dng cho con
ngui (CH). Vic lp lai nhng th nghim ny tai Vit Nam s dn dn nhng chi ph dng k
cho nh sn xut v su tr hon khng cn thit trong vic tip cn thuc mi ca bnh nhn v
nhn vin y t tai Vit Nam.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj min tr th nghim lm sng di cc nh sn xut d thuc
hin cc nghin cu lm sng ngoi lnh th Vit Nam theo cc tiu chun ca FDA, EMEAv
cc tiu chun khc ca CH.
1. Thnh Ip cng ty nhp khu nuc ngoi tai Vit Nam: Trong cam kt gia nhp WTO,
Vit Nam d dng m rng quyn thuong mai (quyn xut nhp khu dc lp vi cc knh
do Chnh ph ph chun) di vi cc duoc phm, c hiu luc t ngy 1/1/2009. Cc quyn
thuong mai ny dua trn co s php l trong mt s quy djnh v quyn xut nhp khu nhu
III. QUYN THUONG MAI: CHO PHP CNG TY DUQC NUC NGOI NHAP KHAU
DUQCPHAM TRUCTIPVO VIET NAM
PHARMACEUTICALS
requirements of entities intending to import pharmaceutical products into Vietnam. These
guidelines would replace the current circular 06/2006/TT-BYT of the Ministry of Health
regulating the exportation/ importation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. This current
circular does not allow foreign invested companies to import finished pharmaceutical products
into Vietnam. Guidance to replace Circular 06, however, has still to be released. Eurocham
member companies are highly motivated to utilize the opportunity to establish legal entities in
Vietnam and ask that requirements be clarified through the release of this guidance.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends swift transparency and clarity in the
requirements and processes for these investment options.
2. Reference Pricing to be based on "Price To Trade": Under the pharmaceutical pricing
Circular 11/2007/TTLT-BYT-BTC-BCT, Vietnam has chosen to use cost, insurance, and freight
(CF) prices as a benchmark to compare prices for pharmaceuticals products within
neighboring countries. EuroCham's view is that this creates unequal opportunities and
restrictions for imported and locally produced pharmaceuticals. Firstly we believe Vietnam's
unique import regime, which at the moment must rely on third party arrangements due to the
lack of trading rights in the sector, results in inflated CF prices within Vietnam as compared to
other countries in the region, which do not impose similar restrictions. Secondly this pricing
circular per definition only applies to imported products and no similar restrictions or
requirements are subject to locally manufactured products. EuroCham understands the
Vietnamese authorities' desire to compare prices with neighboring markets. However, when
considering pharmaceutical pricing in neighboring markets, it is important to choose the price
that determines the price to the consumer, for which the pharmaceutical company is
responsible. This would be the price to the distributor (as foreign-invested companies are
obliged to sell to a local Vietnamese company with distribution rights).
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that until pharmaceutical companies are
effectively and practically given the trading rights consistent with Vietnam's WTO obligations,
this CF-based pricing system should be deferred. Moreover, EuroCham suggests a reference
pricing system to be based on Price to Trade (PTT), which will allow inclusion of locally
manufactured products as well as imported products.
th
3. "ParaIIeI Importation": On May 28 2004, the MoH issued Decision 1906/2004/QD-BYT,
authorizing the parallel importation of medicines for the prevention and treatment of human
disease. n the case of patented pharmaceutical products, importation by non-patent holder
from a third country violates the rights of the patent holder as well as impedes the investment of
research-based pharmaceutical companies that maintain a high level of quality by strict
application of "Good Practices to each stage of the pharmaceutical chain (Good Clinical
Practice, Good Laboratory Practice, Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Distribution
Practice). EuroCham is concerned that parallel traders may not be complying with similar
supply-chain parameters to be respected in the distribution system. This is of particular concern
as re-packaging of parallel import products is often carried out by a third party, and there is no
guarantee that this is performed in the right environment generating the risk that the medicine
may become ineffective. n addition, companies are increasingly faced with complaints about
the lack of service provided by parallel importers and the complex issue of responsibility in the
case of product defects. The repackaging of medicines, necessitated by parallel trade, has
often resulted in human error, including incorrect labeling, wrong patient information leaflets,
inaccurate batch numbers and expiry dates that not be complying with MOH's regulations.
DUQC PHAM
49
Nghj djnh 23/2007/ND-CP (12/02/2007) v Quyt djnh s 10/2007-Q-BTM (21/05/2007) do
B Cng Thuong ban hnh. Cc sn phm duoc cn phi chju su diu chinh ca mt s quy
djnh b sung v mang tnh dc th ca B YT v Cuc Qun l Duoc Vit Nam. B YT s ban
hnh vn bn hung dn , trong d quy djnh r cc yu cu v hoat dng di vi nhng php
nhn tham gia nhp khu duoc phm vo Vit Nam. Vn bn hung dn ny s thay th cho
Thng tu 06/2006/TT-BYT v hoat dn g xut nhp khu duoc phm v m phm . Theo quy
din h tai Thng tu 06/2006/TT-BYTthi doanh nghip du tu nuc ngoi khng duoc php nhp
khu thnh phm duoc vo Vit Nam. Cc cng ty thnh vin ca EuroCham rt mong duoc
tn dun g cohi thnh lp cc php nhn tai Vit Nam v cn duoc gii thic h r cc yu cu nu
trn thng qua vn bn hung dn do Nh nuc ban hnh.

Kin ngh[: EuroCham d nghj phi c su minh bach v r rng trong cc yu cu v quy trnh
cho nhng lua chon du tu ny.
2. [nh gi tham chiu dua trn "gi thuong mai": Theo Thng tu 11/2007-TTL-BYT-BCT
v djnh gi duoc phm, Vit Nam d chon s dung gi bao gm chi ph, bo him v vn
chuyn (CF) lm mc so snh cc loai gi duoc phm vi cc quc gia lng ging. EuroCham
nhn thy diu ny tao ra su khng cng bng v han ch gia cc loai duoc phm sn xut
trong nuc v nhp khu. Truc ht, chng ti tin rng co ch nhp khu duy nht ca Vit
Nam- theo d tai thi dim hin tai cn s dung cc hop dng vi bn th ba do khng c
thuong quyn trong lnh vuc ny- d tao ra mc gi CF qu cao tai Vit Nam so vi cc quc
gia khc trong khu vuc, nhng nuc khng dt ra nhng han ch tuong tu. Th hai, Thng tu
djnh gi ny, theo djnh ngha, chi p dung cho cc sn phm nhp khu v khng c nhng
han ch tuong tu dt ra cho cc sn phm sn xut trong nuc. EuroCham hiu mong mun
ca cc co quan c thm quyn Vit Nam khi so snh gi vi cc thj trung lng ging. Tuy
nhin, khi xem xt gi duoc phm cc thj trung lng ging, diu quan trong l lua chon gi
c th dng d xc djnh gi di vi ngui tiu dng, v d l trch nhim ca cc cng ty duoc
phm. s l gi di vi cc nh phn phi (v cc cng ty c vn du tu nuc ngoi c ngha
vu phi bn cho cc cng ty Vit Nam c quyn phn phi).
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj rn g cho ti khi cc cng ty duoc phm thuc su c duoc
thuong quyn theo cc ngha vu m Vit Nam cam kt trong WTO, h thng gi dua trn cos
CF ny cn duoc loai b. Hon na EuroCham d xut mt h thng gi tham chiu dua trn
gi thuong mai (PTT), trong d bao gm c sn phm sn xut trong nuc cng nhu sn
phm nhp khu.
3. "Nhp khu song song": B YT d ban hnh Quyt djnh s 1906/Q-BYTngy 28 thng
5 nm 2004, cho php nhp khu song song duoc phm nhm phng nga v diu trj djch
bn h cho ngui. i vi cc sn phm duoc c bn quyn , vic nhp khu t mt nh sn
xut khng c bn quyn t mt quc gia th ba s xm hai dn quyn ca ngui s hu
quyn sng ch, cng nhu cn trhoat dn g du tu ca cc cng ty nghin cu sn xut duoc
phm trong khi ho vn phi dm bo mc cht luon g cao vi vic tun th cc tiu chun
"Thuc hnh tt " cho moi cng doan ca chui duoc phm (bao gm Thuc hnh th nghim
lm sng tt, Thuc hnh nghin cu trong phng th nghim tt, Thuc hnh sn xut thuc tt ,
v Thuc hnh phn phi thuc tt). EuroCham lo ngai rn g cc nh nhp khu song song s
khng tun th theo cc quy chun ca chui cung ng tuong tu vn dang duoc tn tron g
trong h thn g phn phi . Mt quan ngai cu th nhu vic dng gi lai sn phm duoc nhp
khu song song thung duoc thuc hin bi bn th ba, v khng c gi bo dm v vic dng
gi trong mi trung dng chun , c th pht sinh ri ro thuc khng tc dun g. Thm vo d,
PHARMACEUTICALS
Such errors can sometimes result in actual danger to safety, health and even lives of patients.
EuroCham is finally concerned about the lack of traceability of parallel imported products, which
raises serious health concerns. n some countries, traders and wholesalers with parallel trading
licenses have been found with counterfeits and sub-standard medicines in their possession.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that parallel traders be required to maintain and
authorities to enforce compliance with "Good Practices to each stage of the pharmaceutical
chain.

1. Printing of expiry date (for both drug and vaccine): nternationally, the product's shelf life
is calculated by month, thus the expiry date format is written as mm/yy (month / year). n the
current regulation, the requested expiry date format is dd/mm/yy (Day / Month / Year). This may
bring confusion to the consumer and is not GMPcompliant.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends removing the requirement on completion of the
format dd/mm/yy for expiry date in the Circular 04-2008/TT-BYT.
2. CompuIsory information on smaII IabeI in the primary packaging (for vaccine):
According to Circular N.04 the small label must content at least all information about drug
name, dosage, active ingredient, and route of administration etc. However, vaccines are
usually presented in a pre-filled syringe/ ampoule with very small label correlatively and packed
in a sterilized blister. Adding this information on the primary packaging is impossible and will
discontinue the cold chain.

Recommendation: EuroCham recommends removing the requirement on completion of
compulsory information on primary packaging.
1. Data ExcIusivity: Vietnam has to prevent unfair commercial use of confidential tests and
other data developed by research-based pharmaceutical companies in order to obtain
marketing authorization for new medicines. Despite the requirement under TRPSArticle 39.3
and paragraphs 5 and 6 of Article 9 of Chapter of the U.S.-Vietnam Agreement on Trade
Relations, Vietnam has implemented Data Exclusivity (DE) differently to international
standards. The result is unfortunately that the implementation is administratively burdensome
and the value of DEis significantly less than expected. Data exclusivity is a simple mechanism
for providing the desired protection. Whilst Vietnam's Law on ntellectual Property Protection
provides for a period of five years of data exclusivity, it is our understanding that no company
has been granted this protection to date. n addition, the Vietnamese authorities require
pharmaceutical companies to specifically request data exclusivity as part of the application for
approval process. Protection of the data, however, is an explicit obligation of the government
under both of the cited agreements. To impose "procedures and formalities as a condition of
extending a period of data exclusivity is not consistent with Vietnam's obligations under either
TRPSor the Bilateral Trade Agreement, nor is it consistent with international norms.
Recommendation: EuroCham believes that strict implementation of data exclusivity (defined
and understood as by US and EUregulators (FDAand EMEA)) offers an unique opportunity to
IV. PRINTING OF EXPIRY DATE (FOR BOTH DRUG AND VACCINE) AND COMPULSORY
INFORMATIONONSMALLLABELINTHEPRIMARYPACKAGING (FORVACCINE).
V. INTELLECTUALPROPERTYPROTECTION
DUQC PHAM
51
cc cng ty di din vi ngy cng nhiu khiu nai vic thiu djch vu do cc nh nhp khu
song song cung cp v vn d phc tap v trch nhim trong trung hop sn phm c sai st.
Vic dng gi lai thuc theo yu cu trong thuong mai song song thung dn dn sai st do
yu t con ngui, bao gm vic dn nhn sai, t thng tin hung dn cho bnh nhn khng
dng, s l khng chnh xc v thi han s dung khng ph hop vi quy djnh ca B Y t.
Nhng sai st nhu vy di lc dn dn nguy co v su an ton, sc khe v thm ch l sinh
mang ca bnh nhn trong thuc t. Mi quan ngai sau cng ca EuroCham l vic khng th
truy nguyn cc sn phm nhp khu, diu ny dt ra nhng mi quan ngai ln v sc khe.
Tai mt s nuc, thuong nhn v cc nh bn bun c giy php nhp khu song song bj pht
hin luu tr hng gi v duoc phm km cht luong quy djnh.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham d xut rng cn duy tr cc nh nhp khu song song v cc co quan
c thm quyn ca nh nuc thi thnh hiu luc "Thuc hnh tt" tai moi cng doan ca chui
duoc phm.

1. In han dng (p dun g cho c thuc v vc -xin): Theo thng l quc t, vng di ca sn
phm duoc duoc tin h bn g thng, vi th han sdun g duoc in dui dan g: mm/yy (thng/nm).
Theo quy djnh hin hnh, han dng thuc duoc in dui dan g: dd/mm/yy (ngy/thng/nm).
iu ny gy nhm ln cho vic tiu thu v khng ph hop vi chun Thuc hnh sn xut thuc
tt (GMP).
Kin nghi: EuroCham kin nghi db hon ton yu cu in han sdun g dui dan g dd/mm/yy
theo Thng tu 04/2008/TT-BYT.
2. Dn nhn cha thng tin bt buc trn bao b trc tip ca vc -xin: Theo quy djnh tai
Thng tu 04, nhn nh cha thng tin bt buc phi c t nht cc thng tin v tn thuc , hm
luon g, hoat cht , cch dng.v.v. Tuy nhin, vc -xin thung duoc bom sn trong mt n g tim/
n g thu tinh dng kin , vi nhn ghi ch rt nh v dng gi v trng. Vic dn thm thng tin
trn bao b truc tip dng sn phm ca vc -xin l khng th duoc v lm ngt qung quy trin h
bo qun lan h.
Kin nghi: EuroCham kin nghj d b quy djnh di vi vic dn nhn cha thng tin bt buc
trn bao b truc tip ca vc -xin.
1. c quyn d Iiu: Vit Nam c trch nhim ngn chn vic s dung thuong mai khng
cng bng cc th nghim b mt v cc d liu khc do cc cng ty nghin cu duoc phm
pht trin d duoc php luu hnh thuc mi trn thj trung. Mc d c nhng yu cu theo
diu 39.3 ca TRPSv cc khon 5 v 6 iu 9 Chuong ca Hip djnh thuong mai Vit Nam
Ha Ky, Vit Nam d trin khai c quyn D liu (DE) khc vi cc tiu chun quc t. iu
khng may l kt qu ca vic trin khai ny l mt gnh nng v hnh chnh v gi trj ca dc
quyn d liu thp hon nhiu so vi mong doi. c quyn d liu l mt coch don gin nhm
bo v nhu mong mun. Trong khi Lut bo v s hu tr tu ca Vit Nam cho php dc
quyn trong thi han nm nm, theo hiu bit ca chng ti th cho ti nay chua c cng ty no
nhn duoc su bo v ny. Ngoi ra, cc coquan c thm quyn Vit Nam yu cu cc cng ty
IV. IN HAN DNG (I VI CA THUC VA VC -XIN) V THNG TIN BAT BUC TRN
NHAN DN BAO B TRUCTIPNG SNPHAM (AP DUN G VI VAC-XIN)
IV. BO VES HUTR TUE
PHARMACEUTICALS
initiate effective and valuable Pprotection as the process will be under complete control of the
DAVunder the MoH. EuroCham recommends that Vietnam makes explicit its timetable for fully
implementing data exclusivity in line with international norms. Data exclusivity should be
automatic and comprehensive and not subject to any conditions.
2. Patent Linkage: Vietnam does currently not have a system in place for "linking the drug
registration system with the patent system. Vietnam argues that it is not appropriate to inject
patent enforcement procedures into regulatory procedures, and that it is impossible to issue
administrative rules or procedures to administrative agencies to enforce patents. Vietnam
suggests that the owner of the patent is responsible for re-enforcing his patent protection.
EuroCham believes that the adoption of patent linkage is good public policy and the experience
of countries that have adopted such a linkage is that it is relatively easy to implement. As for
data exclusivity, EuroCham believes that Patent Linkage offers a unique opportunity to initiate
effective and valuable P protection as the process will be under complete control of the DAV
and NOP.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that the Government of Vietnam adopts a patent
linkage system as one step in improving Vietnam's developing Pprotection regime.
DUQC PHAM
53
duoc phm phi xin quyn dc quyn d liu nhu mt phn trong qu trnh np don xin ph
chun. Tuy nhin, bo v d liu r rng l trch nhim ca Chnh ph theo hai tha thun d
trch dn. t ra "th tuc v quy trnh nhu mt diu kin ko di thi han dc quyn d liu l
khng nht qun vi ngha vu ca Vit Nam theo TRPS hoc Tha thun Thuong mai Song
phuong v cng khng nht qun vi cc chun muc quc t.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham thy rng vic trin khai dc quyn d liu (duoc djnh ngha v hiu
nhu cc co quan qun l nh nuc ca M v EU (FDAv EMEA) l co hi tt d khi dng
bo v s hu tr tu hiu qu v c gi trj v qu trnh ny s thuc kim sot hon ton ca
Cuc Qun l Duoc Vit Nam (DAV), B Y t. EuroCham kin nghj Vit Nam lp ra l trnh r
rng cho vic trin khai dy d c quyn D liu theo cc chun muc quc t. c quyn d
liu cn phi tu dng v ton din ch khng phu thuc bt ky diu kin no.
2. Lin kt vi bng sng ch: Hin Vit Nam chua c mt h thng d "kt ni" h thng
dng k thuc vi h thng bng sng ch. Vit Namcho rng vic dua th tuc thuc thi bng
sng ch vo th tuc qun l nh nuc l khng ph hop, v khng th ban hnh cc quy tc
hay th tuc hnh chnh d cc co quan hnh chnh thuc thi bng sng ch. Vit Nam d xut
rng trch nhim thuc thi bng sng ch thuc v nh pht minh. EuroCham tin rng vic ng
dung lin kt bng sng ch vi giy php l tt cho chnh sch cng v kinh nghim ca cc
quc gia khc d ng dung kiu lin kt ny cho thy vic trin khai l tuong di d dng. V
c quyn D liu, EuroCham thy rng h thng lin kt vi bng sng ch mang lai mt co
hi c mt khng hai d khi du bo v quyn s hu tr tu hiu qu v c gi trj dui su
kim sot hon ton ca Cuc Qun l Duoc (DAV) v Cuc Shu Tr tu Vit Nam (NOP).
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj Chnh ph Vit Nam nn p dung h thng lin kt bng sng
ch nhu l mt buc tin trong vic ci thin chnh sch bo v s hu tr tu dang pht trin
ca Vit Nam.
ENERGY - POWER GENERATION
I. OVERVIEW
Vietnam's rapid development has been accompanied by a steadily growing demand for
energy, both for private consumption and industrial development. Consumption of electricity
has been growing by 15% annually, hence substantially surpassing the economic growth rates,
and is expected to reach 3.5 times the current 2009 figure by 2020. The Sixth Master Plan for
Power Development was approved by the Prime Minister in 2006. This plan envisaged growth
scenarios for electricity demand of between 17-20% per annum. For the period of 2006 2015,
some 54 electricity projects were planned to be developed. Many of these projects were to be
in the form of PPs. However, to date, only six projects have been completed, with a capacity of
approximately 2,000 MW, fulfilling only about 5.6% of the plan. Furthermore, no new project
financed PPs have been implemented since the Phu My 3 project in 2004. t is clear that
demand growth rates have recently been negatively impacted by global economic factors.
However gradual economic recovery and prospective GDP growth of 6-8% in future years
should ensure that electricity demand remains in the range of 12-15% for several years to
come.
Akey feature of Vietnam's power sector is that the reserve margin is highly dependent on the
availability of hydro-electric capacity and, due to the prolonged dry season, there is little or no
reserve margin for much of the year. Hence, imported power from neighboring countries is
used to supplement the high load demand. t is predicted that, if new capacity is not
constructed in time, by 2015, because of high demand, even more power could be imported
from Laos and China. Compared to some other countries in the region, Vietnam has fallen
behind with respect to developing a competitive electricity market. This issue has not yet been
settled due to a number of problems, of which electricity pricing is probably the most significant.
This key problem is leading to a shortage of investment capital and threatening to perpetuate
the slower growth in power capacity for the remaining years of the Sixth Master Plan.
Substantive financing in the power sector comes from the state budget and Official
Development Assistance (ODA). The other main sources are Electricity of Vietnam (EVN),
through its own resources and different ways of borrowing, including a big share of ODA and
independent investment by State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), and the domestic and
international private sector. Many issues in the energy sector are resulting from project
financing. Total demand for investment and debt payment of EVN between 2009 and 2015 is
well beyond EVN's limited financial capacity. Projects with total investment of over US$1 billion
frequently meet difficulties. n the years to come, the share of independent (foreign) investment
will have to be substantially increased to meet the growing demand for newcapacity.

The realization of the global community that climate change presents an immediate threat to
the world's productivity, and Vietnam being one of the most impacted from an increase in sea
level rise, the development of renewable energy and greener production of energy from
traditional sources is imperative. The productivity of energy use in coal-fuelled power plants in
Vietnam is very low, at 28-32 percent, which is 10 percent less than in developed countries.
At least in the short and mid-term, until the transition to a competitive power market is
completed, government loans, guarantees and subsidies are likely needed for the attraction of
investment and successful contract implementation. Experience with existing projects has
shown that risk guarantees, including for currency convertibility and performance risk of
Vietnamese partners, are indispensable for raising capital from both multilateral banks,
NN LUQNG - SN XUT IEN
55
I. TONG QUAN
Su pht trin nhanh chng ca Vit Nam ko theo cu v nng luong ngy cng tng, di vi
c tiu thu tu nhn v pht trin cng nghip. Tiu thu din tng 15% hng nm, v th vuot xa
tc d tng trung kinh t, v du kin dn nm 2020 s tng gp 3,5 so vi t l ny trong nm
2009. Quy hoach Tng th Pht trin ngnh din ln th 6 d duoc Th tung Chnh ph ph
duyt nm 2006. K hoach ny du kin cc kjch bn nhu cu din tng trong khong 17 20%
mt nm. Trong giai doan 2006 2015, c khong 54 du n sn xut din duoc quy hoach xy
dung, trong s d c nhiu du n s theo hnh thc PP (Nh my din dc lp). Tuy nhin,
dn nay, chi c 6 du n duoc hon thnh, vi cng sut xp xi 2.000 MW, chi dat khong 5,6%
k hoach. Ngoi ra, khng c du n mi no theo hnh thc PP duoc thuc hin k t du n
Ph M 3 nm 2004. R rng l tc d tng trung nhu cu d chju tc dng tiu cuc ca cc
yu t kinh t ton cu. Tuy nhin, su hi phuc kinh t dn dn v tc d tng trung GDPtim
nng mc 6-8% trong nhng nm tuong lai s dm bo nhu cu din s tng trong pham
vi 12-15% trong mt vi nm ti.
Mt dc dim quan trong ca ngnh din Vit Nam l du phng bin dua vo cng sut thy
din sn c v, do ma kh ko di, c t hoc khng c du phng bin cho phn ln thi gian
trong nm. V th, din nng nhp khu t cc quc gia lng ging duoc dng d b sung cho
nhu cu phu ti cao. Du bo l, nu cng sut mi khng duoc xy dung kjp thi, dn nm
2015, do nhu cu ln, din nng s duoc nhp khu vi khi luong ln hon t Lo v Trung
Quc. So vi mt s quc gia khc trong vng, Vit Nam chua pht trin duoc mt thj trung
din canh tranh. Vn d ny vn chua duoc gii quyt do nhiu vung mc, trong d gi din
c l l vn d quan trong nht. Vn d ch cht ny dn dn thiu vn du tu v v c nguy
co tip tuc lm chm hon qu trnh tng sn luong din trong nhng nm cn lai trong Quy
hoach Tng th ln th 6.
Phn ln ti tro ngnh din dn t ngn sch nh nuc v H tro Pht trin Chnh thc
(ODA). Nhng ngun vn ch yu khc l in luc Vit Nam (EVN), thng qua cc ngun luc
ca mnh v cc th thc vay muon khc nhau, trong d c mt phn ln l ODAv tin du
tu dc lp ca cc Doanh nghip Nh nuc (SOEs), v khi tu nhn trong nuc v quc t.
Rt nhiu vn d trong ngnh nng luong pht sinh t vic ti trodu n. Tng nhu cu du tu
v tr noca EVNt nm 2009 dn 2015 vuot qu gii han nng luc ti chnh gii EVN. Cc
du n c tng vn du tu trn 1 ti USD thung gp nhng kh khn. Trong nhng nm sp
ti, t trong du tu dc lp (nuc ngoi) s phi gia tng dng k d dp ng nhu cu v
luong din dang tng ln.
Vic cng dng ton cu nhn thc rng bin di kh hu dang dt ra mt mi de doa tc th
di vi nng sut ca th gii, v Vit Nam l quc gia bj nh hung nhiu nht t muc nuc
bin dng, vic pht trin nng luong ti tao v sn xut nng luong xanh t cc ngun truyn
thng d tr nn cp bch. Nng sut ca vic s dung nng luong trong cc nh my nhit
din dng than Vit Nam rt thp, mc 28 32%, tc l thp hon cc nuc pht trin 10%.
t nht trong ngn han v trung han, cho dn khi hon tt qu trnh chuyn di sang mt thj
trung din canh tranh, cn c cc khon vay Chnh ph, cc khon bo lnh v tro cp d
thu ht du tu v thuc hin hop dng thnh cng. Kinh nghim vi cc du n hin tai d chi ra
rng khng th thiu bo lnh ri ro, bao gm bo lnh ri ro quy di t gi v ri ro thuc hin
ca cc di tc Vit Nam, khi huy dng vn t cc ngn hng da phuong, cc nh ti trosong
phuong v cc ngun vn ti chnh tu nhn khc v qua d s lm cho cc du n din c th
c th huy dng vn duoc.
bilateral agencies and other sources of private financing and hence making power projects
bankable.
Energy in Vietnam is comparatively cheap both when compared both to the world market and
the region: On September 1, 2009, the average retail price was VND943.7/kWh (about
US$0.053/kWh). t has gradually begun to increase but currently still falls far short of the long
run marginal costs of production. EVN has stated that the long-run marginal cost (LRMC) to
ensure profits and accumulations for development investment must be at least 7.5 cent/kWh.
Therefore, EVN is currently not able to make profits. Accordingly, EVN has requested for
electricity prices to be increased and a decision has been issued by the Prime Minister
foreseeing the gradual increase of prices until the market price is reached by 2010. However,
the decision has not yet been fully implemented. Although there are many variables that
influence electricity production costs (and therefore the actual LRMCfigure may be higher than
quoted by EVN), there is no doubt that the current retail price falls far short of what is
sustainable.
An attempt at providing a solution to electricity pricing for new coal plants was launched in
2008, in the form of the international competitive bidding process for the 1200MW coal-fired
Nghi Son 2 project, located in Thanh Hoa province. This project was promoted by the
government as being a project that would help to determine a benchmark power tariff for new
coal-fired plants, especially those utilizing imported coal. Unfortunately, the Nghi Son 2 project
has been delayed due to many local project specific issues and therefore no benchmark tariff is
currently available. Projects in the power sector tend to be very complex and contract
negotiation costs can run into the millions of dollars, resulting in significant losses when
projects fail to reach implementation. Common issues arising after contract conclusion include
the failure of the local partner to adhere to contract terms (as approved by the Vietnamese
government) in a timely fashion, and changes to projected contract outcomes and timelines
caused by an often rapidly shifting legal environment.
Although a competitive international bidding process may be a fair and sensible way forward
for determining future tariff levels, there is clearly not enough time or resources to establish fully
comprehensive bidding processes for all the planned power projects in the short term. Without
there being a competitive framework in place, the Government has been awarding power
projects to selected investors and instructed various Vietnamese enterprises, together with
foreign power investors and developers to undertake feasibility studies and develop these
power projects, which are all contained in the 6th Master Plan. However, because there is still
no mechanism for determining an appropriate tariff for these projects, significant delays in
implementation are occurring and it is likely that these delays will continue unless a suitable
tariff mechanism is put in place.
GeneraI: Given that substantive private investment will be needed in the years to come, it is
important that the regulatory framework is further improved to be attractive to private investors.
n particular, Vietnam should consider to reconsider the current dominance of EVNby building
II. ENERGYPRICES
III. COMPETITIVEBIDDING
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
57
II. GINNG LUQNG
III. UTHUCANHTRANH
IV. KINNGH[
Nng luong Vit Nam l kh r so vi c thj trung quc t v khu vuc: Ngy 1/9/2009, gi
bn l trung bnh l 943,7 VND/kWh (tc khong 0,053 USD/kWh). Gi ny d bt du tng
dn nhung vn thp hon nhiu so vi ch ph sn xut bin trong di han. EVNd cho bit chi
ph bin di han (LRMC) d dmbo loi nhun v tch ly cho du tu pht trin phi mc ti
thiu l 7,5 cent M/kWC. V th, EVNhin dang khng th c loi nhun. Theo d, EVNd yu
cu tng gi din v Th Tung d ra quyt djnh cho php tng dn gi din cho dn khi dat
gi thj trung vo nm 2010. Tuy nhin, quyt djnh vn chua duoc thuc hin dy d. Mc d
c nhiu bin s nh hung dn chi ph sn xut nng luong (v v th con s LRMCthuc t
c th cao hon con s EVN dua ra), khng nghi ng g, gi bn l hin tai thp hon rt nhiu
mc gi bn vng.
Mt n luc nhm cung cp gii php tnh gi din ca cc nh my nhit din dng than d
duoc khi dng vo nm 2008, dui dang quy trnh du thu canh tranh quc t cho du n
Nh my nhit din Nghi son 2 vi cng sut 1200MW tinh Thanh Ha. Du n ny duoc
Chnh ph thc dy l du n gip xc djnh biu gi din chun cho cc nh my din nhit
din dng than mi, dc bit nhng nh my s dung than nhp khu. Khng may l, du n
Nghi Son 2 bj tr hon, do nhiu vn d cu th tai dja phuong ca du n, v v th hin tai vn
chua c biu gi chun. Cc du n trong ngnh din c xu hung rt phc tap v chi ph dm
phn hop dng c th ln ti hng triu d, dn dn nhng khon l ln khi du n khng duoc
thuc thi. Nhng vn d thng thung pht sinh sau khi k kt hop dng l cc di tc trong
nuc khng tun th cc diu khon hop dng (nhu d duoc Chnh ph Vit Nam ph duyt)
mt cch kjp thi, v nhng thay di trong kt qu hop dng du kin v khung thi gian do mi
trung php l thung xuyn thay di nhanh chng.

Mc d mt quy trnh du thu quc t canh tranh c th l mt phuong thc cng bng v
khn ngoan nhm xc djnh mc gi tuong lai, r rng khng c d thi gian hay ngun luc d
thit lp dy d quy trnh du thu ton din cho tt c cc du n din duoc quy hoach trong
ngn han. Do cn thiu mt khun kh canh tranh, Chnh ph dang trao cc du n din cho
cc nh du tu duoc lua chon v chi dao cho nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam, cng vi cc nh
du tu v sn xut din nuc ngoi thuc hin cc nghin cu kh thi v xy dung cc du n
din ny, nm trong Quy hoach tng th ln 6. Tuy nhin, do vn chua c coch xc djnh mc
gi thch hop cho cc du n ny, dang xy ra nhng tr hon ln trong thuc thi v nhiu kh
nng nhng tr hon ny s ko di tr phi c mt coch gi ph hop.
Kin ngh[ chung: Do s cn dn nhng khon du tu tu nhn dng k trong nhng nm ti,
diu quan trong l khung diu tit duoc ci thin hon na d hp dn di vi cc nh du tu tu
nhn. c bit, Vit Nam nn xem xt vic cn nhc lai vj th thng trj hin tai ca EVN bng
cch xy dung mt thj trung hon ton canh tranh trong sn xut din, cho c thj trung bn
bun v bn l theo k hoach (dn nm 2024). Cho dn khi mi trung diu tit ca Vit Nam
dat dn mc canh tranh quc t, chng ti kin nghj diu chinh gi nng luong v duy tr bo
lnh ca Chnh ph nhm khuyn khch du tu nuc ngoi v gim cm gic ri ro cao di vi
cc du n ln.
up a fully competitive market in terms of electricity generation, wholesale and retail markets
sooner as planned yet (until 2024). Until the regulatory environment in Vietnam has reached an
internationally competitive level, we recommend adjusting energy prices and maintaining
government guarantees in order to encourage foreign investment and lessen the perception of
high risk in relation to major projects.
EstabIishment of independent authority: n the short term, we recommend that a new
independent authority be established, a "one-stop-shop, to promote and facilitate private
th th
sector participation in the power sector in line with 6 /7 Power Development Master Plan and
with due regard to the supply/demand balance. The role of this new authority would be to
negotiate, agree and approve development schedules, tariff pricing and key project
agreements for the various types of power project. For example, Power Purchase Agreement,
Fuel Supply Agreement, other related agreements. As a one-stop-shop this authority could
also perform a coordinating role between the concerned local and international agencies, for
the purpose of expediting the implementation of private sector projects. t would also play a
coordinating role between the various ministries and EVNand whether the project be subject to
tendering or on a negotiated basis, this authority would have a key facilitating role. The new
authority would need to be composed of appropriately skilled and experienced representatives
from both inside and outside Government and would need to have the authority to require EVN
to agree reasonable tariff levels for new PPs. For example, PPs such as those projects
mentioned above that have been already awarded to selected investors.
Energy prices: Although affordability and public welfare must be taken into consideration at
Vietnam's stage of development, the gradual increase of energy prices is inevitable to both
encourage energy efficiency and private investment. Only higher but realistic prices combined
with increased efficiency of service providers will enable businesses to generate operating
surpluses to finance capital expenditure, and thus allow these to operate on a commercially
viable and sustainable level. Charging users on their actual consumption level maybe
considered, potentially in a system with wholesale and retail prices as well as a high tariff during
consumption in peak hours and a low tariff in times of low consumption (at night). n part, the
increase in electricity prices could be facilitated by the new"one-stop-shop mentioned above.
To ensure the retail price increase is gradual, only wholesale prices could be increased initially,
followed by a slower increase retail prices and a consequential gradual reduction in
Government subsidies.
Competitive bidding: Although recent revised bidding regulations seem to require
competitive bidding for infrastructure projects if there is more than one interested party, projects
to date have been largely undertaken without a competitive bidding process. The absence of
competitive bidding does clearly bear the risk of poor outcomes for both state agencies and
project partners, and may result in an inadequate allocation of risk. We recommend the
requirement for a clear and transparent competitive bidding process should be clarified in the
relevant laws and regulations and properly implemented. n addition, an explicit and
transparent complaint and dispute resolution mechanism should be instituted to settle disputes
in relation to the awarding of bids. Generally, we recommend narrowing down the scope of
projects subject to complicated and tedious bidding procedures to the large scale projects.
StabiIity of Iaw and adherence to contract terms and conditions: n order to ensure the
interest of foreign investors, we recommend the relevant authorities strive to ensure contract
terms are clear and adhered to in a timely manner, especially in large-scale and BOT projects,
59
Thit Ip co quan dc Ip: Trong ngn han, chng ti kin nghj cn thit lp mt coquan dc
lp mi, mt "ca, nhm xc tin v tao thun loi cho su tham gia ca khi tu nhn trong
ngnh din ph hop vi Quy hoach Tng th Pht trin ngnh din ln th 6/7 v c tnh dy
d dn cn bng cung/cu. Vai tr ca co quan mi ny s l dm phn, thng nht v ph
duyt cc k hoach xy dung, mc gi v cc tha thun du n quan trong cho cc loai du n
din khc nhau. V du, Tha thun Mua in, Tha thun Cung cp Nhin liu, v cc tha
thun lin quan khc. Vi co ch mt ca, co quan ny cng s thuc hin vai tr diu phi
gia cc coquan trong nuc v quc t lin quan vi muc dch dy nhanh vic thuc thi cc du
n ca khi tu nhn. Co quan ny cng s dng vai tr diu phi gia cc b v EVN v s
dng vai tr diu phi chnh khi b thu hoc dm phn mt du n. Co quan mi ny s cn
phi bao gm nhng dai din c k nng ph hop v c kinh nghim t trong v ngoi Chnh
ph v s phi c quyn luc yu cu EVNthng nht vi cc mc gi ph hop cho PPmi. V
du, PPnhu cc du n d cp trn d duoc trao cho cc nh du tu duoc lua chon.
Gi nng Iung: Mc d cn xem xt kh nng chi tr v phc loi cng vi giai doan pht
trin ca Vit Nam, gi din tng dn l tt yu nhm khuyn khch hiu qu nng luong v
du tu ca khi tu nhn. Chi mc gi cao hon v thuc t hon kt hop vi tng cung hiu qu
ca cc nh cung cp djch vu s cho php cc doanh nghip tao ra thng du t hoat dng
nhm ti tro cho chi ph vn, v nhu th cho php cc doanh nghip ny vn hnh mc tu
vng v thuong mai v bn vng. C th cn nhc thu ph ngui s dung theo mc tiu dng
thuc t, tim nng l trong mt h thng vi gi bn bun v bn l cng nhu mc gi cao di
vi tiu dng trong gicao dim v mc gi thp vo thi dim tiu dng thp (ban dm). Mt
phn th co ch "mt ca ni trn c th tao thun loi cho vic gia tng gi din. dm bo
gi din tng dn dn, ban du chi tng gi bn bun, sau d tng gi bn l chm hon v kt
qu l gim dn trocp Chnh ph.
Thu canh tranh: Mc d cc quy djnh thu d sa di dung nhu yu cu thu canh tranh
di vi cc du n ha tng khi c hon mt bn quan tm, cho ti thi dim ny, phn ln cc du
n duoc thuc hin m khng c quy trnh thu canh tranh. Vic thiu thu canh tranh r rng
lm cho cho c co quan nh nuc v di tc du n phi chju ri ro v cc kt qu tiu cuc, v
c th dn dn phn chia ri ro chua tha dng. Chng ti kin nghj cn phi c mt quy trnh
thu canh tranh r rng v minh bach cu th ha trong cc lut v quy djnh lin quan v duoc
thuc thi dng dn. Ngoi ra, phi xy dung mt co ch gii quyt tranh chp v khiu nai r
rng, minh bach d gii quyt nhng tranh chp khi trao thu. Nhn chung, chng ti kin nghj
gii han pham vi thu canh tranh chi p dung cc quy trnh thu phc tap v tn km di vi
cc du n c quy m ln.
Tnh n d[nh Iut php v tun th diu khon v diu kin hp dng: dm bo loi ch
ca nh du tu nuc ngoi, chng ti kin nghj cc co quan lin quan c gng dm bo d
cc diu khon hop dng duoc r rng v duoc tun th mt cch kjp thi, dc bit trong cc
du n c quy m ln v cc du n BOT, trong d cc coquan nh nuc dng vai tr truc tip.
Chng ti cng khuyn khch cc co quan n luc ht sc nhm ci thin tnh minh bach v
thng bo di vi lp k hoach v cc lut v quy djnh d cho php lp k hoach dm phn cc
du n ln. Ngoi ra, mt k hoach BOT, bo lnh Chnh ph c lin quan v mt hop dng
mua bn din di han s l mt tam gic du kin s thu ht nh du tu nuc ngoi vo sn
xut din dc lp PP v lm cho cc du n c th huy dng vn t ngn hng. Cui cng,
chng ti goi thuc thi quyn han php l ca nh du tu nuc ngoi duoc s dung cc co
ch gii quyt tranh chp quc t.

in which state agencies have a direct role. We also encourage the authorities to do their best to
enhance transparency and notice in planning for laws and regulations to best enable forward
planning in the negotiation of major projects. Also, a BOT scheme, the necessary relative
governmental guarantees and a long term PPAis the expected triangle to lure foreign investors
in the PP sector and make the projects bankable. Finally, we suggest enforcing foreign
investors' legal right to use international dispute settlement mechanisms.

Power projects: The Government should continue to pursue a policy of supporting power
projects with bankable Government Guarantees, Power Purchase Agreements and
mplementation Agreements, whilst a competitive market is being established. The
Government should insist upon the application of international standards for newpower plants,
with respect to construction, thermal efficiency, operational performance, environmental and
safety issues.
61
D n din: Chnh ph phi tip tuc theo dui mt chnh sch h tro cc du n din vi cc
khon bo lnh Chnh ph, Tha thun mua in v Tha thun Thuc hin c th huy dng
vn duoc khi thit lp mt thj trung canh tranh. Chnh ph nn kin quyt p dung cc tiu
chun quc t cho cc nh my din mi v cng tc xy dung, hiu qu nhit, kt qu vn
hnh, cc vn d mi trung v an ton.
ENERGY - RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND CARBON EFFICIENT ENERGY
I. OVERVIEW
II. CLEANDEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)
As a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, Vietnam should be committed to reaching its 2020
ndustrialization goal through new and innovative technologies which will minimize their
contribution to global climate change. Excluding large hydro, Vietnam's current RE(renewable
energy) mix stands at only 1.5% of total energy production, which is even regionally quite low. f
Vietnam wants to reach its 2020 targets across a variety of sectors, it will have to realize the
importance to the development of renewable and carbon efficient technologies. Many of the
above issues also need to be addressed by the RE sector, specifically the importance of
energy prices. Vietnam holds huge potential for the development of energy production through
wind, solar, geo-thermal, biomass and further development of hydroelectric power. t is
possible that a combination of these energy sources will allow Vietnam to reach its RE targets
of 3% by 2010 and 5% by 2020 as development of these energy sources will be the most cost-
efficient manner in which the Government will provide 100% electrification by 2020. The
general sentiment is that RE laws and an open and transparent operational framework, along
with competitive market price will be offered in the next couple of years. Currently, the Ministry
of ndustry and Trade (MoT) is working on legislation on a feed-in tariff for wind power projects
in Vietnam.
Recommendation: The Government should further promote the use of renewable energies,
building on the commitments already contained in the 6th Master Plan. Vietnam should offer
further incentives for increasing the thermal efficiency of existing coal-fuelled power plants,
which at only 28-32 percent are 10 percent less than in developed countries. As well as the
feed-in tariff it is encouraged that alternative incentives such as tax cuts on imported
technology, land, and profits amongst other opportunities to promote REare also institutionally
developed. As suggested by MoT a responsible RE office be set up that can assist in the
research, development and deployment of REproduction.
CDM, a means by which Non-Annex Acountries can benefit from mitigating greenhouse gases
as a host country and selling these reductions in the form of carbon credits to Annex Acountries
holds immense potential to be developed in Vietnam. The CDM provides an opportunity for
local project developers to be able to secure financing through the sales of carbon emission
rights (CERs) to develop projects that would not have otherwise been possible under normal
market conditions. A CDM pipeline of projects that list projects which have at least reached
validation, Vietnam has 8 out of a current 90 plus that have reached registration. This
exceptionally low figure is due to a number of issues put forth by the energy sector in general,
however, a feware more specific.
Recommendation: There is an expectation of project owners that CDM will provide benefits
without any efforts. This is not the case, as the project owner has to diligently meet all the
financial, measuring and monitoring requirements. t is recommended that a capacity building
program be provided to projects to understand what is required of them to get involved in CDM.
Another component of the CDM process is the Project Design Document (PDD), being the
central piece of documentation to develop, monitor and register for CERs. An issue plaguing
the quality of the PDDs, and thus lack of registration, is the inability to correctly apply the
baseline and monitoring methodology. Better scientific knowledge of the underlying technology
and writing skills need to be provided to local CDM project developers. t is understood that the
MoT is currently developing a standardized emission grid factor with the local Designated
National Authority (DNA) under MONRE.
NNG LUQNG - NNG LUQNG TI TAO V NNG LUQNG CCBON HIEU QU
63
I. TONG QUAN
II. CO CHSNXUT SACH(CDM)
L quc gia tham gia Nghj djnh thu Kyoto, Vit Nam phi cam kt dat muc tiu Cng nghip
ha nm 2020 bng nhng cng ngh mi v sng tao gip ti thiu ha mc dng gp tao ra
bin di kh hu ton cu. Ngoi ngun thy din ln, hn hop RE(nng luong ti tao) hin tai
ca Vit Nam chi bng 1,5% tng sn luong nng luong, mc kh thp trong khu vuc. Nu
Vit Nam mun dat cc muc tiu nm 2020 dt ra cho nhiu ngnh, Vit Nam s phi nhn
thc duoc tm quan trong ca vic pht trin cng ngh ti tao v t ccbon. Rt nhiu vn d
nu trn cn duoc ngnh RE gii quyt, dc bit vi tm quan trong ca gi nng luong. Vit
Nam c tim nng ln trong vic sn xut nng luong bng sc gi, mt tri,dja-nhit, sinh hoc
v tip tuc pht trin thy din. C th t hop cc ngun nng luong ny s cho php Vit Nam
dat muc tiu RE l 3% vo nm 2010 v 5% vo nm 2020 bi vic pht trin cc ngun nng
luong ny t chi ph nht m Chnh ph s thuc hin din kh ha 100% vo nm 2020. Theo
cm nhn chung, cc lut RE v khun kh hoat dng ci m v minh bach cng vi gi thj
trung canh tranh s duoc dua ra trong vi nm ti. Hin tai, B Cng thuong dang thuc hin
cc lut v gi du vo di vi cc du n sn xut din bng sc gi Vit Nam.
Kin ngh[: Chnh ph phi tip tuc thc dy vic s dung nng luong ti tao, xy dung dua
trn cc cam kt sn c trong Quy hoach tng th ln 6. Vit Nam cn cung cp thm cc
khuyn khch nhm tng cung hiu qu nhit ca cc nh my nhit din chay bng than
hin tai, vi mc 28-32% hin tai l thp hon cc nuc pht trin dn 10%. Bn canh gi du
vo, chng ti kin nghj rng cc khuyn khch thay th nhung gim thu di vi cng ngh
nhp khu, dt dai, v loi nhun cng cc co hi khc nhm thc dy RE cng s duoc pht
trin hung th ch ha. Nhu B Cng thuong goi , mt vn phng chju trch nhim v RE
s duoc thnh lp nhm h trocng tc nghin cu, pht trin v thuc thi sn xut RE.
CDM, mt phuong thc qua d cc quc gia Khng thuc Phu luc Ac th hung loi t vic
gim thiu kh nh knh vi tu cch l quc gia ch nh v bn cc ct gim ny dui dang tn
dung ccbon cho cc quc gia thuc Phu luc A, c tim nng rt ln Vit Nam. CDM l cohi
cho cc nh pht trin du n dja phuong c th tm ngun ti trobng vic bn chng chi gim
pht thi (CERs) d xy dung cc du n m nu trong cc diu kin thng thung s khng
thuc hin duoc. Theo RSOE, trong d lit k danh sch cc du n CDM d duoc xc thuc,
Vit nam c 8 trong s hon 90 du n d duoc dng k. Con s cuc ky thp ny l do nhiu vn
d chung ca ngnh nng luong, trong d c mt s vn d cu th hon.
Kin ngh[: Cc ch du n mong doi rng CDM s dem lai cc loi ch m khng cn n luc g.
iu ny l khng dng, v ch du n phi kin tr dp ng moi yu cu v ti chnh, do lung
v theo di. Kin nghj nn cung cp mt chuong trnh xy dung nng luc cho cc du n d
hiu ho cn lm g d tham gia vo CDM. Mt cu phn khc ca quy trnh CDM l Ti liu
Thit k Du n (PDD), l vn bn trong tm d pht trin, gim st v dng k tn dung ccbon.
Mt vn d dang nh hung xu dn cht luong ca PDDs, v qua d dn dn vic thiu
dng k, l vic khng d kh nng p dung dng cc phuong php co s v gim st. Kin
thc khoa hoc tt hon v cc cng ngh nn tng v k nng vit cn duoc trang bj cho cc
nh pht trin du n CDM dja phuong. Chng ti hiu rng B Cng thuong hin dang pht
trin mt h s lui x thi chun vi Co quan Quc gia Chi djnh (DNA) nm trong B Ti
Nguyn Mi Trung.
III. COAL
IV. NATURALGAS
Coal accounts for nearly one-quarter of Vietnam's energy production. Coal production from the
underground mines in past years has reached 30 to 35 percent of capacity and will gradually
increase to 70 percent of the total output by the year 2010 using present resources. Vietnam
National Coal - Mineral ndustries Group (Vinacomin), a state owned company, plans to build
eight coal-fueled thermal power plants with a total capacity of 2,900 MW by 2010. Six are
currently in various stages of planning and construction.
Recommendation: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is being piloted around the world as a
means to capture CO2 emissions from the production of coal produced energy. The
applications of CCS or geosequestration include not only coal fired power plants, but also for
cement refineries, and petroleum and natural gas fields with very elevated levels of CO2. The
geological conditions required for CCS are not found everywhere and rather require specific
conditions like a saline aquifer at depths of greater than 700 metres with high porosity and a
natural seal. So far there has not been sufficient integration of geological information on the
likely whereabouts of such possible sites for CCS with the planning of new coal fired power
plant developments. The geological studies should go ahead as a matter of urgency to make
the approach practical and affordable.
Natural gas is another important source of energy being developed for domestic electricity
generation, again accounting for around 25 per cent of electricity generation structure of the
country. The government pays special attention to gas industry, which has played an important
role in the national strategy of socio-economic development and energy security. t is one of the
leading industries in the industrialization and modernization of Vietnam. The gas reserves and
potential resource is big, but the gas market has been newly established and the number of
customers is slowly developed and not corresponding to the natural gas potential of Vietnam.
Exploration and development conditions are complicated (deep water, deep and tight
sandstone reservoirs etc.) requiring advanced technologies and very high cost, especially for
marginal fields.
So far PetroVietnam is supplying between 6 and 9 billion cubic metres of natural gas per year to
the local market. Vietnam imports about 400 million cubic metres of gas per year from Malaysia
and ndonesia. The import volume is estimated to increase to 1.8 billion cubic metres by 2010.
There are major gas pipeline projects in the South East and Mekong regions already.
PetroVietnam bidding is underway for exploration and production contracts for offshore
projects in the Red River basin, located upwards of 100km from the shore in a highly
prospective but technically difficult deepwater basin. Exploration for new gas sources in the
onshore areas of Red River Basin area is also important.
Recommendation: To develop the marginal fields is a big challenge for the petroleum industry,
while discoveries of small fields will be predominant in the future. Therefore, technology
solutions and incentive conditions, which attract foreign investments to produce the marginal
fields and high CO2 gas fields are extremely urgent requirements. Developing gas
consumption market is a key element to stimulate exploration development in Vietnam. n
particular to expand the gas utilization for family life, transportation and other industries.
65
III. THAN
IV. KH TUNHIN
Than dng gp gn sn xut nng luong Vit Nam. Sn xut than t cc m trong lng dt
trong nhng nm qua d dat 30% dn 35% cng sut v s tng dn ln 70% tng sn luong
vo nm 2010 vi ngun ti nguyn hin tai. Tp don Than Khong sn Vit Nam
(Vinacomin), mt doanh nghip nh nuc, du kin s xy dung tm nh my nhit din chay
bng than, vi tng cng sut l 2.900 MWvo nm 2010. Su nh my hin dang trong cc
giai doan khc nhau trong lp k hoach v xy dung.
Kin ngh[: Thu v luu tr Ccbon (CCS) dang duoc th dim trn ton th gii nhu mt
phuong thc d thu luong pht thi CO2 trong qu trnh sn xut nng luong t than. CCS
hay cng ngh dja c lp khng chi duoc p dung nhng nh my din chay bng than, m
cn cho cc nh my xi mng, v cc m du v kh tu nhin c mc CO2 rt cao. iu kin
dja cht cn thit d p dung CCS khng phi du cng c v di hi cc diu kin kh tu
nhin nhu tng ngm nuc mn d su hon 700 mt vi mc d xp cao v noi bj bt kn tu
nhin. n nay, chua c d thng tin dja cht tng hop v vj tr ca cc dja dim CCS vi vic
quy hoach pht trin cc nh my din chay bng than mi. Cc nghin cu dja cht l mt
vn d cp thit cn phi duoc thuc hin ngay d dua ra mt phuong php thuc hin thuc t
v c chi ph phi chng.
Kh tu nhin l mt ngun nng luong quan trong na dang duoc pht trin d sn xut din
trong nuc, mt ln na chim khong 25% cocu sn xut din ca quc gia. Chnh ph dc
bjt quan tm dn ngnh kh, d dng mt vai tr quan trong trong chin luoc quc gia v pht
trin kinh t x hi v an ninh nng luong. y l mt trong nhng ngnh dn dt trong qu
trnh cng nghip ha v hin dai ha ca Vit Nam. Du tr kh v tr luong tim nng l rt
ln, nhung thj trung kh cn mi thnh lp v s luong khch hng mi duoc pht trin chm
v chua tuong xng vi tim nng kh tu nhin ca Vit Nam. iu kin thm d v pht trin
cn phc tap (nuc su, cc b sa thach su v kn, vv) di hi phi c cng ngh tin tin v
chi ph rt cao, dc bit di vi nhng m cn bin.
Hin nay, PetroVietnam dang cung cp khong 6 dn 9 ti mt khi kh tu nhin mi nm cho thj
trung trong nuc. Vit Nam cng nhp khu khong 400 triu mt khi kh mi nm t
Malaxia v ndnesia. Khi luong nhp khu uc tnh s tng dn 1,8 ti mt khi vo nm
2010. Hin nay d c cc du n kh ln dang chun bj trin khai khu vuc ng Nam v M
kng. PetroVietnam dang thu cc du n thm d v sn xut cc du n trong luu vuc Sng
Hng, nm cch b100km v pha bc trong luu vuc nuc su kh tim nng nhung kh khn
v k thut. Cng tc thm d cc ngun kh mi khu vuc b luu vuc Sng Hng cng quan
trong.
Kin ngh[: Pht trin m cn bin l mt thch thc ln di vi ngnh Du m, trong khi vic
pht hin nhng m nh s chim phn ln trong tuong lai. V th, cc gii php cng ngh v
cc diu kin khuyn khch, nhm thu ht du tu nuc ngoi khai thc m cn bin v cc m
kh c hm luong CO2 cao dang l nhng yu cu kh cp bch. ng thi, vic pht trin thj
trung tiu thu kh cng l mt nhn t then cht nhm khuyn khch vic pht trin thm d
Vit Nam. c bit l mrng s dung kh trong sinh hoat h gia dnh, trong vn chuyn v cc
ngnh khc.
V. COALBEDMETHANE
While the conventional coal and gas production has garnered much of attention and
investment in the past, one area that was less explored was coal bed methane (CBM). The
potential for CBM in Vietnam is substantial, in particular in the Red River Basin and Quang Yen
Basins in northern Vietnam. n the Red River Basin the coal deposits are lying 250 to 1,200
meters beneath the basin and spread over a 3,500 square km area is estimated at about 212
billion tones. The average coal thickness is over 100 metres and the coal rank is sub-
bituminous B, a suitable CBM reservoir. Gas content estimate is about 30 to 50 scf/ton,
conservatively placed at 6 to 10 Tcf over total concession area. The Quang Yen Basin located in
Quang Ninh province has estimated resources very high quality anthracite coal of about 5
billion tones of. Currently, CBM potential in this area has not been defined. n the near future, an
assessment of the CBM potential of the basin needs to be completed to define exploration
targets.
Recommendation: Coal bed methane is also a relatively new approach with a lot of new
developments occurring. Because the gas is pumped out with water from the coal bed, there is
much less emissions compared with burning the coal directly. Water management is a major
issue in coal bed methane projects around the world and this will include developments in
Vietnam. Depending on the quality of the groundwater, mining water can be either a hazard or a
economic resource for the agriculture sector and other water using sectors and the
environment. As well CBM developments can cause dewatering and land subsidence and this
need to be managed. Further investment in regional and integrated geological studies of the
regional groundwater resources and the coal bed methane potentials of key sedimentary
basins is required. Coal bed can also be a good reservoir for CO2 storage (CCS).
67
V. KH THAN
Mc d vic sn xut than v kh thng thung d dnh duoc nhiu su ch v du tu trong
qu kh, mt lnh vuc t duoc khai thc l kh than (CBM). Tim nng CBM Vit Nam l rt
dng k, dc bit Luu vuc Sng Hng v Luu vuc Qung Yn pha Bc Vit Nam. Luu
vuc Sng Hng, tr luong than nm su t 250m dn 1.200 m dui luu vuc v tri di hon
3.500 km vung v uc tnh khong 212 ti tn. dy trung bnh ca than l hon 100 m v
cp d than l bitum (sub-bituminous B), mt b cha CBM ph hop. Hm luong kh du
don l khong 30 dn 50 scf/tn, uc tnh d dt khong 6 dn 10 scf/tn trong ton b khu
vuc t gii. Luu vuc Qung Yn tai tinh Qung Ninh c tr luong than gy vi cht luong rt
cao, vi tr luong du kin l khong 5 ti tn. Hin tai, tim nng CBM trong khu vuc ny vn
chua duoc xc djnh. Trong tuong lai gn, cn hon tt dnh gi tim nng CBM d xc djnh
muc tiu thm d.
Kin ngh[: Kh than l mt phuong php tip cn kh mi vi nhiu tin trin mi dang din ra.
Do kh duoc bom t nuc khi via than, mc pht thi thp hon rt nhiu so vi dt than truc
tip. Qun l nuc l mt vn d ln di vi cc du n kh than trn th gii v diu ny s bao
gm nhng tin trin Vit Nam. Ty vo cht luong ca nuc ngm, nuc khai thc c th l
mt him hoa hoc mt ngun loi kinh t di vi ngnh nng nghip v cc ngnh s dung
nuc khc v mi trung. ng thi, nhng tin trin CBM c th gy kh nuc v ln dt v
v vy phi qun l duoc vn d ny. Cn du tu thm vo cc nghin cu dja cht tng hop v
theo vng v ngun loi nuc ngm trong vng v tim nng kh than ca cc b trm tch
chnh. Via than cng c th l mt b cha tt nhm tch tr CO2 (CCS).
ENERGY - ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY
I. ELECTRICALSAFETY
II. ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY
According to statistics from the Ministry of Labor, nvalids and Social Affairs (MOLSA), there
were 5,836 labor accidents nationwide in 2008. Fatalities caused by electrocution accounted
for 22.6 per cent of the death toll and 26.7 per cent of total accidents. According to the Ministry
of ndustry and Trade, since 2000, there have been nearly 500 accidents related to electricity at
domestic enterprises, killing 400 people and injuring hundreds of others. According to the
Ministry of Public Security's Police Department for Fire Prevention and Control, electrical fires
are the second most common type of fire. Electric accidents have three main causes:
1. Defective electrical installations;
2. Use of poor-quality or counterfeited electrical products;
3. Users don't obey safety regulations.
Positive developments and legal framework: The Ministry of Construction (MOC) has adopted
code TCXDVN394:2007, inspired by the nternational Electrotechnical Commission (EC)
standard 60364 for electrical design and installation of buildings focusing on protection and
safety.
Recommendation:
Improve the quaIity of eIectricaI instaIIations through reguIation enforcement: Publish
the Vietnamese nstallation Standards; these installation standards shall cover every type of
installation: public or private, every market segment from industry to housing to be included.
National installation standards must be mandatory. A chapter shall deal with control and
verification in order to strengthen enforcement The issuance of an Electrical and Automation
nstallation guide for basis of certification of all electrical installers.
Use quaIity products: Only products meeting standards requirements should be used. We
highly recommend a national program for checking enforcement. ncrease the quality level of
switchboards and claim for tested equipment could be further pushed.
Fight against counterfeited products: Train customs agents in order to better detect
counterfeits entering the country; take actions against companies manufacturing and/or
trading counterfeits; educate and remind that copies mislead customers into thinking they are
purchasing a good quality branded product and expose them to multiple risks.
Enforce safety reguIations: Conduct audits in order to re-assess installers' licenses; work
with insurance companies to institute preferred fire insurance policies if the electrical
installation is done by certified/licensed electrical installers; educate customers on the danger
of inappropriate electrical installation and encourage them to ask for conformity assessment.
n the past five years, national electricity consumption in Vietnam has increased by 13% on
average, while electrical consumption has increased 15% yearly. Even the most optimistic
projected increase of production capacity will not enable to solve the electricity shortage for
the next ten years, due to minimum time required to plan, build and operate power plants
being three to four years. n order to confront such an energy dilemma, while not affecting
NNG LUQNG - HIEU QU V AN TON IEN
69
I. AN TON IEN
Theo thng k ca B Lao dng, Thuong binh v X hi (MOLSA), c 5.836 tai nan lao dng
trn ton quc vo nm 2008. Nhng vu cht ngui do din git chim 22,6% v 26,7% tng
s tai nan. Theo B Cng Thuong, k t nm 2000, c gn 500 vu tai nan lin quan dn din
trong cc doanh nghip nh nuc, lm 400 ngui cht v hng trm ngui bj thuong. Theo
Phng Cnh st Phng Chy Cha Chy thuc B Cng An, chy n do din l loai chy xy
ra thung xuyn th hai. Tai nai do din c 3 nguyn nhn chnh:
1. Lp dt din sai;
2. S dung loai sn phm din km cht luong hoc gi;
3. Khng tun th quy djnh an ton.
Nhng tin trin tch cuc v khung php l: B Xy dung (MOC) d ph duyt quy chun
TCXDVN394:2007, theo tiu chun 60364 y ban in k thut Quc t (EC) v thit k v
lp dt din ca cc ta nh phn bo v v an ton.
Kin ngh[:
Ci thin cht Iung Ip dt din thng qua vic thc thi diu tit: Xut bn Tiu chun
Lp dt Vit Nam; cc tiu chun lp dt ny phi bao trm moi loai hnh lp dt: cng hay tu,
moi phn khc thj trung t cng nghip dn nh . Cc tiu chun lp dt quc gia phi l bt
buc. Mt chuong s bn v vic kim sot v thm djnh nhm cng c vic thuc thi hung
dn Ban hnh Vic lp dt in v Tu dng ha lm co s cho vic cp chng nhn cho moi
bn lp dt din.
S dng sn phm cht Iung: Chi cc sn phm dat yu cu tiu chun mi duoc s
dung. Chng ti kin nghj mt chuong trnh quc gia nhm kim tra vic thuc thi. Tng cung
cht luong bn mach chuyn di v cn dy manh hon na yu cu cn c thit bj d qua
kim djnh.
Chng hng gi: o tao cn b hi quan d c th pht hin hng gi trn dung thm nhp
vo quc gia; c hnh dng di vi cc cng ty sn xut v/hoc bun bn hng gi; gio duc
v nhc nh ho rng nhng loai hng ha sao chp d lm lac hung khch hng trong suy
ngh rng ho dang mua mt sn phm c thuong hiu, c cht luong v lm cho ho phi chju
nhiu ri ro.

Thc thi quy d[nh an ton: Thuc hin kim ton nhm dnh gi lai giy php ca bn lp dt;
hop tc vi cng ty bo him nhm xc lp cc hop dng bo him chng chy tu nguyn nu
vic lp dt din duoc thuc hin bi mt bn lp dt c chng nhn/giy php; do tao khch
hng v su nguy him khi lp dt din khng ph hop v khuyn khich ho yu cu dnh gi v
mc d tun th.
2. Hiu qu din
Trong nm nm va qua, tiu thu din trn ton quc Vit Nam d gia tng trung bnh 13%,
trong khi vic tiu thu d din tng 15% hng nm. Ngay c nhng mc gia tng du bo lac
quan nht trong cng sut sn xut cng s khng gip gii quyt vn d thiu din trong vng
10 nm tip theo, do thi gian ti thiu cn thit d lp k hoach, xy dung v vn hnh cc nh
ENERGY - ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY
economic growth, achieving electrical energy efficiency is a necessary step for both private
and public sectors in Vietnam. n the long run, it shall also enable to contribute to the reduction
of green gas house emission worldwide and sea level rise, for which Vietnam shall be third
most affected country in Asia. Solutions exist to reduce consumption by 20 to 40% in all
market segments in the short run, but most companies are reluctant to invest with a two to
three years RO.
Positive developments and legal framework: Several dedicated seminars have been
conducted by authorities in order to raise public awareness on energy efficiency and possible
environmental consequences. For instance, DPM has mandated to MOT and Eurocham to
th
co-organize three workshops which were conducted on 24 June 2009. The workshop
gathered more than 150 participants. 20 companies, including energy efficiency Vietnamese
leaders, have presented their practical recommendations on howto unleash Energy Efficiency
business for building & industry segments, and how to raise awareness among general public
and business communities. Recommendations are presented below. A policy for developing
ESCOs (Energy Service Companies) was launched in 2007. Authorities have decided to
implement incentives for companies sourcing energy efficient solutions, but decrees have not
been enforced. AGreen Building Council in charge of describing the "Lotus Vietnam standard
was created.
Recommendation:
- Creation of an Energy Efficiency Board reporting directly to Prime Minister with
following main objectives: coordinating and prioritizing numerous actions taken in
most Vietnam Ministries (MOC, MOT, Education, Sciences.), monitoring the
progress and efficiency of actions implemented, and for making sure new standards
are properly enforced. Electricity pricing policy shall be followed by such body.
- ncrease the number of private ESCOs by clarifying and simplifying the legal
framework: t is agreed that the more private ESCOs will be created, the more Energy
Efficiency business will grow. Each private ESCO shall be certified by relevant
authorities. Number of private ESCOs shall reach 100+ by 2011 as compared to 1-2
today.
- ntegrate inside the government stimulus package a preferred interest rate for Energy
Efficiency loans (-4% to -5% as compared to market rate is necessary to compensate
for lowelectricity price in Vietnam and reduce RO).
- Launch a yearly recognition program (award) to best performing certified ESCOs
and/or best merit for Energy Efficient businesses.
- Continue and launch newgeneral awareness communication campaigns nationally.
- nsert school program about climate change and energy efficiency (high schools and
University degrees).
- Help clarify Carbon Credit attribution process in Vietnam market.
- Provide tax incentives for purchasing power monitoring equipment in ndustry and
Building.
- Provide tax incentives for purchasing Energy Efficiency audits to ESCOs
- Keep organizing Energy Efficiency seminars regularly
- Study the creation of a Vietnamese Energy Efficient label on certain categories of
products (e.g HVAC, lighting, fridges, power transformers).
NNG LUQNG - HIEU QU V AN TON IEN
71
my din l t 3 dn 4 nm. di mt vi tnh hung tin thoi lung nan trong nng luong
ny m khng nh hung dn tng trung kinh t, vic dt hiu qu nng luong trong cc thit
bj din l mt buc cn thit cho c khu vuc cng v tu Vit Nam. Trong di han, vic ny s
gp phn ct gim pht thi kh nh knh xanh ton cu v tc dng do muc nuc bin dng,
m Vit Nam l quc gia chju nh hung ln th ba Chu . C cc gii php nhm ct gim
mc tiu thu t 20% dn 40% trong moi phn khc thj trung trong ngn han, nhung hu ht
cc doanh nghip min cung trong vic du tu vi H s thu nhp trn u tu (RO) cho thi
han t 2 dn 3 nm.
Nhng tin trin tch cuc v khung php l: Mt s hi tho dnh ring v ch d ny duoc
duoc cc nh chc trch t chc nhm nng cao nhn thc ca ngui dn v hiu qu nng
luong v cc hu qu mi trung c th xy ra. V du, Ph Th tung d giao cho B Cng
thuong v EuroCham dng t chc ba hi tho vo 24 thng 6 nm 2009. Hi tho d thu ht
hon 150 dai biu. Hai muoi cng ty, trong d c cc cng ty hng du v Hiu qu Nng luong
ca Vit Nam, d trnh by nhng kin nghj thuc t ca ho v cch thc thuc hin kinh doanh
Hiu qu Nng luong cho ngnh Xy dung & Cng nghip, v cch thc nng cao nhn thc
ca ngui dn v cng dng doanh nghip. Cc kin nghj duoc trnh by dui dy. Mt chnh
sch nhm xy dung

ESCO (Cng ty Djch vu Nng luong) d duoc ra mt nm 2007. Cc nh chc trch d quyt
djnh thuc hin cc khuyn khch cho cc cng ty dua ra cc gii php hiu qu nng luong,
nhung cc nghj djnh chua duoc thuc thi. Mt y ban Cng trnh Xanh chju trch nhim miu t
tiu chun "Bng sen Vit Nam d duoc thnh lp.
Kin ngh[:
- Thit lp Ban Hiu qu Nng luong bo co truc tip cho Th tung vi cc muc tiu
chnh sau dy: diu phi v uu tin cc hnh dng khc nhau duoc thuc hin trong
phn ln cc B Vit Nam (B Xy dung, B Cng thuong, B Gio duc v o tao,
B Khoa hoc Cng ngh,..) gim st tin b v hiu qu ca cc hnh dng thuc thi,
v nhm dm bo cc chun muc mi duoc thuc thi. Chnh sch djnh gi din cng
cn duoc coquan ny theo di.
- Tng cung s ESCO tu nhn bng cc lm r v don gin ha khung php l: Cc
kin thng nht l nu c nhiu ESCO tu nhn duoc thnh lp th s c nhiu doanh
nghip Hiu qu Nng luong pht trin. Mi ESCO tu nhn s duoc chng nhn bi
cc coquan lin quan. S luong cc ESCO tu nhn c th dat 100+ vo nm 2011 so
vi con s 1-2 ngy hm nay.
- Tch hop vo gi kch cu ca Chnh ph mt mc li sut uu di cho cc khon vay
Hiu qu Nng luong (-4% dn -5% so vi mc thj trung l cn thit d b vo gi
din thp Vit Nam v gim RO).
- Khi dng mt chuong trnh cng nhn hng nm (trao gii thung) di vi cc
ESCO vn hnh tt nht duoc chng nhn v/hoc c thnh tch tt nht cho cc
doanh nghip Hiu qu Nng luong.
- Tip tuc v khi dng cc chin djch nng cao nhn thc chung mi trn pham vi ton quc.
- ua thm chuong trnh v bin di kh hu v hiu qu nng luong vo trung hoc
(cp ba v dai hoc)
- Gip lm r quy trnh cp Tn dung Ccbon tai thj trung Vit Nam.
- Khuyn khch gim thu khi mua kim ton Hiu qu Nng luong cho cc ESCO.
- Duy tr t chc cc hi tho thung ky v Hiu qu Nng luong
- Nghin cu vic xy dung nhn Hiu qu Nng luong Vit Nam v cc hang muc sn
phm nht djnh (chng han nhu: HVAC, chiu sng, t lanh, my bin th).
ENERGY - FUEL DISTRIBUTION
As from 1 January 2009, foreign invested companies are entitled to operate distribution
services (commision agents, wholesale and retail business) for all legally imported and
domestically produced products. Vietnam will not open the distribution service sector for retail
sales to foreign companies for nine product categories: rice, sugar, tobacco, processed and
crude oil, pharmaceuticals, gunpowder, newspapers and magazines, precious metals and
stones, and audio/video items. The fuel supply chain in Vietnam is divided into three levels: (i)
mporters, having import quotas granted by the Ministry of Trade; (ii) Wholesalers; and (iii)
Retailers. Effective from 1 May 2007, wholesalers and retailers have been allowed to set fuel
prices within a small trading band regulated and controlled by the Government.
Recommendation:
EuroCham recommends that the Government should reconsider its position on the distribution
of processed oils and oil products with a view to allowing fuel distribution by reputable
international enterprises. The exclusion of processed oils or oil products is not necessary.
Generally, the presence of foreign distributors has provided many benefits to Vietnamese
consumers. n particular, allowing foreign distributors of fuels will also bring enhanced value to
Vietnam for the following reasons:
- Improved safety, reIiabiIity, and quaIity of products and services:
Major foreign distributors have many years of experience in distributing fuel and have
continuously improved the safety of their service and products for several decades. For
example, propriety additives used by such distributors in gasoline would clean engines
better and thus prolong engine life. Fuel is a volatile and dangerous product and can cause
catastrophic outcomes if an accident occurs. The higher safety standards of major foreign
distributors will reduce the likelihood of such accidents. Allowing foreign fuel distributors
will also push local companies to improve the safety and quality of their products and
services, and consequently will provide greater benefits to domestic consumers.
- Economic benefits to Vietnam:
Foreign companies can bring economic value to Vietnam in many ways:
AdditionaI revenue/tax: Enhanced safety and product quality will increase demand and
therefore increase revenues to the Government of Vietnam. For example, most
international airlines do not presently refuel in Vietnam due to concerns regarding the
safety and quality of the products available domestically. nstead they refuel outside of
Vietnam on their services in and out of the country. This is not an ideal strategy for the
airlines as it requires them to fly heavier planes and therefore reduce fuel efficiency.
Allowing fuel distribution by reputable international enterprises would provide airlines with
confidence that they would receive similar high-quality products within Vietnam as at
airports outside the country. This increased confidence would also increase the likelihood
that purchasers would switch to Vietnamese suppliers in the future.
Price: ncreased competition would drive down prices and benefit consumers. Even
accounting for the fewrefineries that Vietnam plans to build in the near future, Vietnam will
continue to import oil products in the next decade. However, most international companies
with internal supply networks, including world-class refineries in the region, have the
capacity to provide fuel directly to Vietnam without third-party involvement, thus lowering
fuel prices for local consumers.
NNG LUQNG - PHN PHI NHIN LIEU
73
K t 1/1/2009, cc doanh nghip du tu nuc ngoi duoc php hoat dng djch vu phn phi
(dai l nhn hoa hng, doanh nghip bn bun v bn l) cho moi hng ha nhp khu, hng
ha sn xut trong nuc. Vit Nam s khng m ca ngnh djch vu phn phi bn l cho
doanh nghip nuc ngoi cho chn loai sn phm l: gao, dung, thuc l, du d qua ch
bin v du th, duoc phm, thuc sng, bo v tap ch, kim loai v d qu, v cc sn phm
nghe/nhn. Chui cung ng nhin liu Vit Nam duoc chia thnh ba cp d: (i) Nh nhp
khu, c c-ta nhp khu do B Cng thuong cp; (ii) Bn bun; v (iii) Bn l. K t 1/5/2007,
cc nh bn bun v bn l d duoc php djnh gi nhin liu trong bin d giao djch nh dui
su diu tit v kim sot ca Chnh ph.
Kin ngh[:
EuroCham kin nghj Chnh ph xem xt lai vj th di vi vic phn phi du d qua ch bin v
sn phm du vi muc tiu cp php phn phi nhin liu cho doanh nghip quc t c uy tn.
Vic loai tr du d qua ch bin hoc cc sn phm t du l khng cn thit. Nhn chung, su
c mt ca cc nh phn phi nuc ngoi d dem lai nhiu loi ch cho ngui tiu dng Vit
Nam. c bit l, vic cho php nuc ngoi phn phi nhin liu s dem lai gi trj gia tng cho
Vit Nam v nhng l do sau dy:
- Ci thin d an ton, mc tin cy, v cht Iung sn phm v d[ch v:
Nhng nh phn phi ln nuc ngoi c nhiu nm kinh nghim phn phi nhin liu v
d khng ngng ci thin d an ton djch vu v sn phm ca ho trong vi thp k qua. V
du, phu gia thch hop m cc nh phn phi ny s dung trong xng s gip lm sach dng
co v nhu th ko di tui tho dng co. Nhin liu l mt sn phm d bay hoi v nguy
him v c th gy ra nhng thmhoa nu xy ra tai nan. Tiu chun an ton cao hon m
cc nh cung cp ln nuc ngoi mang ti s gim nguy co xy ra cc tai nan ny. Cho
php su tham gia ca cc nh phn phi nhin liu trong nuc cng s thc dy cc doanh
nghip trong nuc ci thin mc d an ton v cht luong sn phm v djch vu ca ho, v
kt qu l s dem lai nhiu loi ch hon cho ngui tiu dng trong nuc.
- Li ch kinh t cho Vit Nam:
Doanh nghip nuc ngoi c th dem lai gi trj kinh t cho Vit Nam bng nhiu cch:
Gia tng Ngun thu/Thu: Ci thin an ton v cht luong sn phm nng cao s lm gia
tng nhu cu v v th s lm tng ngun thu ca Chnh ph Vit Nam. V du, hin nay,
phn ln cc hng hng khng quc t khng tip nhin liu tai Vit Nam do quan ngai v
an ton v cht luong sn phm trong nuc. Thay vo d, ho tip nhin liu ngoi Vit
Nam d phuc vu trong v ngoi nuc. y khng phi l chin luoc l tung di vi cc
hng hng khng v n di hi ho phi s dung cc my bay nng hon v nhu th gim
hiu qu s dung nhin liu. Vic cho php cc doanh nghip quc t c uy tn phn phi
nhin liu Vit Nams khin cc hng hng khng tin tung rng ho nhn duoc cc sn
phm cht luong cao tuong tu nhu tai mt sn bay nuc ngoi. Vi lng tin ngy mt tng
ny, trong tuong lai cc hng hng khng s chuyn sang s dun g djch vu ca cc nh
cung cp Vit Nam.
Gi: Canh tranh gia tng s lm gim gi v lm loi cho ngui tiu dng. Ngay c khi tnh
dn nhng nh my loc du m Vit Nam lp k hoach xy dung trong tuong lai gn, Vit
Nam vn s tip tuc nhp khu sn phm du trong thp k tip theo. Tuy nhin, hu ht
cc doanh nghip quc t vi mang lui phn phi ni b, bao gm cc nh my loc du
dng cp th gii trong khu vuc, du c nng luc cung cp nhin liu truc tip dn Vit
Nam m khng cn qua mt bn th ba, v nhu th s gip lm gim gi nhin liu di vi
ngui tiu dng trong nuc.
BANKING
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ROADMAP(PILLAR1)
The global financial crisis has dominated world news during 2009. t has been generally agreed
that local policy makers and the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) have responded quickly and
decisively to tackle the problems that have arisen as a result of this crisis. n addition to the
fiscal stimulus package, the Government has called upon the financial sector to cooperate with
the government's interest rate subsidy scheme for working capital and later for capital
investment under Decision 131 and 443 respectively. These programs have been effective in
preventing a prolonged economic downturn and have helped return the country to economic
growth and hence ensuring social protection.
Further, in its appreciation of the importance of the banking sector, the implementation of
Decree 22 has enabled five international banks to establish wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries
this year. To ensure the banking sector continues to grow and support the development goals
of the country, EuroCham has re-examined some of the issues that confront the banking sector
in order to continue the drive for improved efficiency and stability in the years ahead. n line with
our position paper last year, three "pillars need to be addressed to the State Bank of Vietnam
and the Government:
Roadmap: A forward looking roadmap for the banking industry, harnessing market
forces rather than administrative restrictions to continue the drive for growth;
Market efficiency: Efficiency and clarity in the way the market and the regulations
should work so as to ultimately reduce the "cost of delivery of banking products and
services to businesses and consumers;
Consumer Banking: Clear guiding principles and removal of major impediments for
the Consumer Banking and Consumer Finance industries.
1. Law on Credit Institutions / Scope of activities of foreign bank branches (FBB) and
100% foreign owned banks (WFOB)
A specific, unambiguous and comprehensive law governing credit institutions is crucial to
successfully attract investment and promote growth in financial services. Amajor step forward
in this area was made with the production of the Draft Law on Credit nstitutions. We also
acknowledge the continuous efforts made by the Government in seeking to improve this draft
law through consultation with industry participants and impartial external experts. To create a
market environment that will foster continued growth, it is imperative that the final legal
framework is robust, transparent, in line with international best practices and open to
innovation. To achieve these goals, we recommend further reviewof the following areas:
Article 88.2 of the Draft Law provides that "credit institutions are not permitted to carry out
activities outside the scope of activities stipulated in the license granted by the SBV. This
implies that credit institutions are restricted only to deposit taking, credit extension and
payment services. With regard to other operations such as foreign exchange, gold trading,
credit card issuance, foreign currency operations, etc. a credit institution must establish a
subsidiary or affiliate for that purpose.
NGN HNG
75
I. GII THIEU
II. LQ TRNH(TRUCQT 1)
Cuc khng hong ti chnh ton cu d chi phi tin tc th gii trong nm 2009. Nhn chung,
hu ht du nht tr rng cc nh hoach djnh chnh sch trong nuc v Ngn hng Nh nuc
Vit Nam (NHNN) d phn ng nhanh chng v dt khot nhmgii quyt nhng vn d ny
sinh t cuc khng hong ny. Ngoi gi kch thch ti chnh, Chnh ph d ku goi ngnh ti
chnh hop tc vi chuong trnh h tro li sut ca Chnh ph di vi vn luu dng theo Quyt
djnh 131 v sau d l du tu cobn theo Quyt djnh 443. Cc chuong trnh ny d c hiu qu
trong vic ngn chn suy thoi kinh t ko di v d gip dt nuc phuc hi tng trung kinh t
v t d dm bo an sinh x hi.
Hon na, d ghi nhn v tm quan trong ca ngnh ngn hng, vic p dung Nghj djnh 22 trong
nm nay d cho php nmngn hng quc t thnh lp ngn hng con 100% vn nuc ngoi.
dm bo ngnh ngn hng tip tuc pht trin v h trocc muc tiu pht trin ca dt nuc,
EuroCham d kim tra lai mt s vn d m ngnh ngn hng dang phi duong du d tip tuc
dng luc ci thin hiu qu v n djnh trong nhng nm tip theo. Ph hop vi Bo co tnh
hnh ca chng ti nm truc, Ngn hng Nh nuc Vit Nam v Chnh ph cn gii quyt ba
"tru ct sau:
L trnh: Mt l trnh c tm nhn xa cho ngnh ngn hng, khai thc cc ngun luc thj
trung thay v han ch hnh chnh nhm tip tuc dng luc tng trung;
Hiu sut th[ trung: Hiu sut v minh bach trong cch thc hoat dng ca thj
trung v cc th ch d gim "chi ph cung cp sn phm v djch vu ngn hng cho
cc doanh nghip v ngui tiu dng;
Ngn hng tiu dng: Nhng nguyn tc hung dn r rng v loai b nhng tr
ngai chnh di vi ngnh ngn hng tiu dng v ti chnh tiu dng.
1. Lut Cc t chc tn dng/Pham vi hoat dng ca cc chi nhnh ngn hng nuc
ngoi (FBB) v cc ngn hng 100% vnnuc ngoi (WFOB)
Mt dao lut cu th, r rng v ton din v cc t chc tn dung c tm quan trong gp phn thu
ht thnh cng du tu v thc dy tng trung cc djch vu ti chnh. Mt buc tin quan trong
trong khu vuc ny l su ra di du tho Lut cc t chc tn dung. Chng ti cng cng nhn
Chnh ph d c nhng n luc lin tuc trong vic tm kim ci thin du tho lut ny thng qua
tham vn vi cc bn trong ngng ngn hng v cc chuyn gia tbn ngoi. tao ra mt mi
trung thj trung s tip tuc nui dung su tng trung, mt diu bt buc l khung php l cui
cng phi manh m, minh bach, ph hop vi thng l quc t tt nht v khuyn khch su di
mi. dat duoc cc muc tiu ny, chng ti khuyn nghj nn xem xt thm v cc lnh vuc sau:
iu 88.2 ca du tho Lut quy djnh rng "T chc tn dung khng duoc php thuc hin cc
hoat dng bn ngoi pham vi hoat dng theo quy djnh trong giy php do Ngn hng Nh nuc
cp". iu ny ngu rng cc t chc tn dung dang bj gii han trong huy dng tin gi, cung
cp tn dung v djch vu thanh ton. i vi cc hoat dng khc nhu kinh doanh ngoai hi, vng,
pht hnh th tn dung, hoat dng ngoai t, v.v. t chc tn dung phi thnh lp mt cng ty con
hoc chi nhnh di vi cc muc dch d.
Chng ti luu rng nhng gii han ny khc dng k so vi tiu chun quc t v c th han
ch su pht trin cc djch vu ti chnh tai Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, nhng gii han ny tri vi Thng
BANKING
We note that these restrictions differ significantly from international norms and may materially
restrict the development of financial services in Vietnam. Additionally, these restrictions are
contrary to Circular 03 of the SBV dated 5/6/2007 implementing Decree 22 dated 28/2/2007,
which states that FBBs and WFOBs are permitted to carry out activities outside the scope of
activities stipulated in the license if:
The SBVhas accepted in writing; or
There is a specific regulation in relation to a particular activity which states that FBBs or
WFOBs are subject to such regulation and are permitted to carry out such activity.
Recommendation: We recommend that the law provide flexibility to the SBV to add services
and activities as appropriate. The extension of internationally standard banking services is a
common practice and commercial banks should be allowed to perform not only the services as
stated in their licenses, but also any additional services accepted by the SBV. We suggest
Article 88.2 of the Draft Lawbe amended in accordance with the principles of Circular 03.
2. Lending Iimit for a singIe borrower
Under Article 128 of the Draft Law, the total credit balance provided to a customer shall not
exceed 15% of the local own equity of a locally incorporated bank or a FBB that provides the
loan. Article 128 of the Draft Lawwould have a negative impact on FBBs in Vietnam. All FBBs
in Vietnam have maintained a number of loans to single customers up to 15% of the own equity
of its parent bank. f Article 128 of the Draft Lawis applied, the FBBs will be either in breach of
this Article or in breach of the existing loan contracts for early termination. Additionally, this
article would prevent small foreign bank branches from conducting business in Vietnam and
would serve as a significant deterrent to newentrants and further investment. FBBs have been
crucial in providing onshore financing for FD, infrastructure projects and many of the local
industries in Vietnam. Should this article be enacted, further offshore financing will be required
which may cause deferment of investment and/or significantly increase costs and foreign
currency risks.
Recommendation: Under Decree 22, a FBB is a dependant branch of the parent bank and
therefore the FBB's loans should be determined in accordance with the parent bank's own
equity. Accordingly we suggest Article 128 be amended in accordance with Decision 457.
3. ConsoIidation of banking sector
There remain over 80 banks in Vietnam, where the top 20 banks are estimated to do the bulk of
the banking business. The bottom 25% of banks are undercapitalized and could pose a threat
to confidence in the banking system through their instability and lack of critical mass. The
Government has made good progress in addressing this issue, most significantly through
Decree 59, which increases the minimum legal capital for joint stock banks from VND1 trillion to
VND3 trillion, which may lead to consolidations, mergers and acquisitions in the banking
sector. n preparation for this, it is critical that any banking consolidation is supported by a legal
and procedural framework that ensures clarity in process and speed in action.
Recommendation: The Draft Circular on Mergers and Consolidations of Credit nstitution
should be reviewed in conjunction with industry participants and external experts to ensure that
the application process is straight-forward and the approval process is centralized with the SBV
to ensure that the consolidation process can be completed rapidly in order to ensure stability in
the banking system.

NGN HNG
77
tu 03 ca Ngn hng Nh nuc ngy 06 thng 5 nm 2007 v vic trin khai thuc hin Nghj
djnh 22 ngy 28/2/2007, quy djnh rng cc ngn hng nuc ngoi v cc ngn hng 100% vn
nuc ngoi duoc php thuc hin cc hoat dng bn ngoi pham vi hoat dng theo quy djnh tai
giy php nu:
NHNNc vn bn chp thun; hoc
C Quy djnh cu th v mt hoat dng dc bit quy djnh rng ngn hng nuc ngoi hoc
ngn hng 100% vn nuc ngoi tun th quy djnh nhu vy v duoc php thuc hin hoat
dng nhu vy.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj rng lut quy djnh su linh hoat cho NHNN d b sung cc
djch vu v cc hoat dng nu tha dng. Vic cung cp cc djch vu ngn hng tiu chun quc
t l mt thng l ph bin v cc ngn hng thuong mai nn duoc php thuc hin khng chi
nhng djch vu nhu quy djnh trong giy php, m c nhng djch vu b sung duoc NHNN chp
thun. Chng ti khuyn nghj nn sa di diu 88.2 ca Du tho Lut ny theo cc nguyn tc
ca Thng tu 03.
2. Gii han cho vay di vi mt khch hng
Theo diu 128 ca Du tho Lut, tng du no tn dung cp cho mt khch hng s khng duoc
vuot qu 15% vn tu c trong nuc ca mt ngn hng thnh lp trong nuc hoc mt ngn
hng nuc ngoi cp tn dung. iu 128 ca Du tho Lut s c tc dng tiu cuc dn cc FBB
tai Vit Nam. Tt c cc ngn hng nuc ngoi tai Vit Namdu dang duy tr mt s luong cc
khon vay di vi mt khch hng ln dn 15% tng vn tu c ca ngn hng me. Nu iu
128 ca Du Tho lut duoc p dung, cc ngn hng nuc ngoi s hoc l vi pham diu khon
ny hoc l vi pham cc hop dng hiu luc v phi chm dt sm. Hon na, diu khon ny s
ngn cc ngn hng nuc ngoi nh tin hnh kinh doanh tai Vit Nam v s l mt ro cn ln
dng k di vi nhng t chc mi v du tu thm. Cc ngn hng nuc ngoi d dng vai tr
quan trong trong vic cp vn ti tro cho cc du n co s ha tng, du tu truc tip ngoi v
nhiu ngnh cng nghip tai Vit Nam. Nu diu khon ny duoc ban hnh, s cn c ti tro
thm t bn ngoi m c th gy ra tr hon du tu v/hoc tng dng k chi ph v cc ri ro
ngoai hi.
Kin ngh[: Theo Nghj djnh 22, mt ngn hng nuc ngoi l mt chi nhnh truc thuc ngn hng
me v v th cc khon cho vay ca ngn hng nuc ngoi s duoc quy djnh theo vn tu c ca
ngn hng me. Theo d, chng ti goi nn sa di iu 128 ph hop vi Quyt djnh 457.
3. Hp nht ngnh ngn hng
Vit Nam hin c trn 80 ngn hng, trong d 20 ngn hng hng du duoc dnh gi l chim
phn ln thj phn ngn hng. 25% s ngn hng xp hang dui cng th khng d vn v c
nguy co nh hung ti nim tin vo h thng ngn hng v tnh bt n djnh v thiu khi luong
ti han cn thit. Chnh ph d dat duoc cc tin b trong vic gii quyt vn d ny, phn ln
thng qua Nghj djnh 59, quy djnh vic tng vn php djnh ti thiu di vi cc ngn hng
thuong mai c phn t 1 nghn t dng ln 3 nghn t dng, quy djnh ny c th dn dn cc
hoat dng hop nht, sp nhp v mua lai trong ngnh ngn hng. chun bj cho vic ny, mt
diu quan trong l vic hop nht ngn hng phi duoc h tro bi khung php l v th tuc dm
bo quy trnh r rng v hnh dng nhanh.
Kin ngh[: Du tho Hung dn sp nhp, hop nht t chc tn dung duoc xem xt cng vi
cc bn tham gia v cc chuyn gia t bn ngoi ngnh dm bo rng quy trnh p dung minh
bach v quy trnh ph duyt tp trung ha vi NHNNd dm bo rng quy trnh hop nht c th

BANKING
4. Foreign sharehoIdings in IocaI banks
Decree 69 states that the total foreign shareholding in a local Vietnamese bank should not
exceed 30% and that, within this limit, the maximum shareholding permitted to an international
bank as a "strategic partner is 15% (which can be increased to 20% with the Prime Minister's
approval). The increase in maximum shareholdings is welcome progress on Vietnam's WTO
commitments. A roadmap for further deregulation of foreign shareholdings should be
developed.
Recommendation: There is need for clarity on scope and timing of further increases in
shareholding as this would enable both the strategic partner and the local banks to devise more
definitive plans. Such clarity will eventually lead to a much more constructive and planned
approach for the banking sector in Vietnam.
5. CIearing system
Establishing a highly reliable and efficient settlement and clearing system is a key component
of the financial infrastructure required to ensure further development in the banking sector.
While clearing systems have been improved over the past several years, further progress is
required in order to ensure the foundation is in place to support further economic growth.
Recommendation: The SBV should work with industry participants to create an efficient and
reliable clearing system that:
Satisfies business continuity requirements;
Facilitates automated/electronic transfers across the entire country;
Clears major transactional currencies (VNDand USD);
Guarantees liquidity requirements (appointing a lender of last resort); and
Ensures security requirements.
1. FXreguIations and FXPoIicy
Decree 160, issued since December 2006, clearly lays out the framework for dealings between
participants and FX products in Vietnam. However, the key implementing circulars have not
been issued to provide guidance for participants in conducting their FXactivities in line with the
new law and environment. This has slowed down the development and the depth of the FX
market factors especially relevant in the current environment of high volatility where
exporters/importers need to use more sophisticated hedging techniques so as not to be
disadvantaged vis--vis their competitors operating in other countries.
More importantly, the current FXpolicy in regarding to the band of USD/VNDlimit the supply of
USD in the FX market. This adversely impact the trade flows and foreign investment into
Vietnam market as the uncertainly surrounding the health and convertibility of Vietnam Dong.
Recommendation: We recommend urgency in issuing clear implementing circulars for
Decree 160 thereby participants can operate their FX activities smoothly under the same
ground rule and can cope with the current market environment. The State Bank of Vietnam
should consider adopting measurements to improve the confidence in the Vietnamese Dong
and increase the liquidity in the FXMarket.
II. MARKET EFFICIENCY(PILLAR2)
NGN HNG
79
hon tt nhanh chng nhm dm bo su n djnh trong h thng ngn hng
4. C phn nuc ngoi trong cc ngn hng Vit nam
Nghj djnh 69 quy djnh rng tng s c phn nuc ngoi trong mt ngn hng Vit Nam khng
duoc vuot qu 30% v trong gii han d, c phn ti da m mt ngn hng quc t duoc php
nm gi vi tu cch l mt "di tc chin luoc l 15% (c th tng ln 20% nu duoc Th
Tung ph duyt). Tng s luong c phn nm gi l mt tin b dng mng trong cc cam
kt WTO ca Vit Nam. Cn xy dung mt l trnh bi b quy djnh v s c phn nuc ngoi
nm gi.
Kin ngh[: Cn c su minh bach v pham vi v thi gian tng s luong c phn v diu ny cho
php di tc chin luoc v ngn hng trong nuc lp ra cc phuong n cui cng. Su minh
bach ny s dem lai phuong php tip cn mang tnh xy dung v c k hoach hon cho ngnh
ngn hng Vit Nam.
5. H thng thanh ton b tr
Thit lp mt h thng thanh ton b tr dng tin cy v hiu qu l mt yu t then cht ca co
s ha tng ti chnh bt buc d dm bo pht trin hon na ngnh ngn hng. Trong khi cc
h thng thanh ton b tr d duoc ci thin trong nhiu nm qua, tuy nhin cn dat duoc tin
b hon na nhm dm bo nn tng tai ch d h trotng trung kinh t hon.
Kin ngh[: NHNNnn phi hop vi cc bn tham gia xy dung mt h thng b tr hiu qu v
dng tin cy d:
p ng cc yu cu kinh doanh lin tuc;
H trochuyn tin din t/tu dng trn ton quc gia;
B tr nhng loai tin t c giao djch ln (VNDv USD);
m bo cc yu cu v thanh khon (b nhim ngui cho vay cui cng); v
m bo cc yu cu v an ton bo mt.
1. Quy d[nh v mua bn ngoai t v chnh sch ngoai hi
Nghj djnh 160, ban hnh thng 12/2006, d dt ra khun kh cho cc giao djch gia cc bn
tham gia v cc sn phm v ngoai hi tai Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, cc thng tu hung dn thuc
hin chnh vn chua duoc ban hnh d hung dn cho cc bn tham gia tin hnh cc hoat
dng ngoai hi ca mnh ph hop vi lut mi v mi trung kinh doanh. iu ny lm chm qu
trnh pht trin v chiu su ca thj trung ngoai t nhng yu t dc bit c ngha trong mi
trung dy su bin dng hin nay khi cc nh xut nhp khu cn c nhng k thut phng v
tinh vi d khng roi vo tnh trang yu th truc cc di th canh tranh tai nhng quc gia khc.

Quan trong hon, chnh sch ngoai hi v bin d giao djch USD/VNDgii han cung USDtai thj
trung ngoai hi. iu ny gy tc dng bt loi dn dng thuong mai v du tu nuc ngoi vo
thj trung Vit Nam v tnh khng chc chn xung quanh sc manh v kh nng chuyn di ca
dng Vit Nam.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj rng nn ban hnh ngay Thng tu r rng hung dn thuc
hin Nghj djnh 160 t d cc bn tham gia c th diu hnh cc hoat dng ngoai hi ca mnh
mt cch tron tru theo quy djnh tuong tu v c th di ph vi mi trung thj trung hin tai.
II. HIEUSUT TH[ TRUNG(TRUCQT 2)
BANKING
2. Interest rate cap
The government has made positive progress on deregulating the consumer banking market by
lifting the interest rate cap for consumer lending in 2009. This move provided the foundation to
create a viable, innovative and accessible consumer finance market in Vietnam. Consumers
now have more choice as commercial banks have introduced a range of new consumer
lending products, including a variety of new home loans, car loans, and construction and
renovation loans. The remaining interest rate cap on commercial lending continues to restrict
banks from pricing risk effectively, and as such, may prevent lending to those companies that
most needs bank financing.

Recommendation: The government should remove the interest rate cap from the civil code
and empower the State Bank of Vietnam with more discretion to set interest rates. t is of course
vitally important that the government is able to quickly react to market conditions and effectively
set interest rate policy. This can be best achieved through harnessing market forces in the
bond market rather than through a fixed administrative mechanism which restricts banks from
pricing risk effectively, and can retard industry growth.
3. Rating agencies
Rating agencies play a critical role in market efficiency, especially in the disintermediation
process. To achieve this effectively, experience in other markets has shown that rating
agencies need to be formed within the country to enable a wide cross-section of companies to
access their services and to enable them to gradually enter the bond and commercial paper
markets with "rated paper. The introduction of rating agencies also plays a transformational
role in areas like accounting practices, corporate governance, etc., thereby leading to a more
efficient market with greater transparency.
Recommendation: The government should encourage the setting up of at least 1 or 2
"independent rating agencies within Vietnam to undertake the above.
4. CIose Out Netting and Set-Off
Currently, there is no regulation that addresses netting of market transactions. While trading
partners within Vietnam may agree to offset their positions or obligations, it is unclear whether
these agreements are permissible or enforceable under current local laws. Besides reducing
transaction costs, netting is a critical tool for efficient markets as it reduces credit and liquidity
risks, and ultimately systemic risk. Additionally, given that netting results in more favorable
capital treatment for credit risks, netting arrangements are crucial for Vietnamese-domiciled
banks as it may help to improve their credit ratings when they participate in the international
markets in order to hedge their positions.
Recommendation: The government should work with industry and external experts to
develop regulation on close out netting and set-off in line with international best practice.
5. ReguIatory reporting
Currently there are approximately 100 regulatory reports that a bank has to send to the State
Bank of Vietnam or the government, ranging from daily to annual frequency. Whilst it is fully
appreciated that timely and accurate reporting of critical data enables the regulator to monitor
the state of affairs, all reporting adds to manpower costs both within the bank and at the SBV.
This ultimately adds to the "cost of delivery of finance to the end customer.
NGN HNG
81
Ngn hng Nh nuc Vit Nam nn xem xt p dung cc bin php ci thin nim tin vo ng
Vit Nam v lm tng tnh thanh khon trn thj trung ngoai t.
2. Trn Ii sut
Chnh ph d dat duoc tin b tch cuc trong vic bi b cc quy djnh v thj trung ngn hng
tiu dng bng vic db trn li sut cho vay tiu dng nm 2009. ng thi ny cung cp nn
tng cho vic tao dung mt thj trung ti chnh tiu dng bn vng, sng tao v d tip cn tai
Vit Nam. Ngui tiu dng by gid c nhiu lua chon hon v cc ngn hng thuong mai dua
ra mt loat cc sn phm cho vay tiu dng mi, bao gm cc loai cho vay mua nh mi, cho
vay mua t, v cho vay xy dung v sa cha nh ca. Vic duy tr trn li sut cho vay
thuong mai tip tuc han ch ngn hng djnh gi dua trn hiu qu ri ro, v nhu vy, c th
ngn cn cho vay cc cng ty c nhu cu ln v ti chnh ngn hng.
Kin ngh[: Chnh ph nn loai b trn li sut quy djnh trong b lut dn su v tng quyn han
ca Ngn hng Nh Nuc Vit Nam trong vic quyt djnh cc mc li sut. Tt nhin mt diu
quan trong l Chnh ph nn c kh nng phn ng nhanh chng vi cc diu kin thj trung v
ban hnh cc chnh sch li sut c hiu qu. iu ny c th dat duoc mt cch tt nht thng
qua vic huy dng cc ngun luc thj trung tham gia vo thj trung tri phiu thay v thng qua
mt co ch hnh chnh c djnh han ch cc ngn hng djnh gi ri ro hiu qu, v c th lm
chm qu trnh tng trung ca ngnh.
3. Cc t chc dnh gi xp hang
Cc t chc dnh gi xp hang dng vai tr quan trong vo hiu sut ca thj trung, dc bit
trong qu trnh xa b trung gian. dat duoc diu ny mt cch hiu qu, kinh nghim cc
thj trung khc cho thy phi hnh thnh cc t chc dnh gi xp hang trong nuc d cho
php nhiu cng ty trong cc lnh vuc khc nhau c th tip cn cc djch vu ca ho v cho php
ho dn dn tham gia vo thj trung tri phiu v thuong phiu vi "giy tduoc dnh gi. Vic
gii thiu cc t chc dnh gi xp hang cng dng vai tr chuyn di trong cc lnh vuc nhu
thng l k ton, qun trj doanh nghip, v.v. t d dn dn mt thj trung hiu qu hon vi d
minh bach cao hon.
Kin ngh[: Chnh ph nn khuyn khch vic thnh lp t nht mt hoc hai t chc dnh gi
xp hang "dc lp tai Vit Nam d thuc hin cc cng vic d d cp trn.
4. Tnh gi tr[ rng v b tr kha s
Hin nay, khng c quy djnh no v vic tnh gi trj rng ca cc giao djch thj trung. Trong khi
cc di tc kinh doanh tai Vit Nam c th dng b dp trang thi hoc ngha vu ca mnh, vn
khng r rng liu cc hop dng ny c cho php hay chi thuc thi theo quy djnh ca lut php
hin hnh. Bn canh vic gim chi ph giao djch, tnh gi trj rng l mt cng cu quan trong di
vi cc thj trung hiu qu v n lm gim ri ro tn dung v thanh khon, v cui cng l ri ro
h thng. Ngoi ra, ngui ta cho rng tnh gi trj rng dn dn vic x l vn thun loi di vi
cc ri ro tn dung, tnh gi trj rng cc hop dng thu xp l rt quan trong di vi cc ngn hng
Vit Nam v n c th gip ci thin xp hang tn dung ca ho khi ho tham gia vo thj trung
quc t d gim trang thi tip cn vi ri ro.
Kin ngh[: Chnh ph nn lm vic vi cc chuyn gia trong v ngoi ngnh d xy dung cc
quy djnh v tnh gi trj rng v b tr kha s theo thng l quc t.
5. Bo co quy d[nh
Hin nay c khong 100 bo co theo quy djnh m mt ngn hng phi gi cho Ngn hng Nh
BANKING
Recommendation: t is recommended that a working group comprised of the SBV, banks and
the World Bank be created to review and overhaul the reporting requirements to ensure that
reporting is appropriate and robust and unwanted duplication of reports is eliminated.
6. Offshore borrowings
Vietnam's long term economic growth and infrastructure development will require substantial
long-term debt capital to be raised from offshore capital markets. One of the impediments
towards Vietnamese companies from accessing the international capital markets is the
imposition of "withholding tax on interest paid to offshore lenders. This has led to companies
shying away from accessing the capital markets and relying on mismatched short-term loans
from the onshore Vietnamese market.
Recommendation: The government has made progress on addressing this issue through the
ratification of Double Taxation Agreements with several jurisdictions. The government is
encouraged to continue to negotiate double taxation agreements with additional jurisdictions
and to ensure a straightforward process is implemented to allow organizations to efficiently
claim tax credits allowed under these agreements. The government should also consider the
waiver of withholding tax on interest payment to offshore lenders for loan tenors over one year
to encourage potential borrowers to tap this important pool of funding.
1. WeaIth Management Products
Wealth management products are now globally a core offering for banks to its retail clients.
This has proved advantageous for consumers, given that banks provide significant oversight
and expertise to ensure that products are appropriately provided to customers by proper
assessment of client's risk appetite and purpose.
Recommendation: Given that current regulation is silent on investment products, the
government is encouraged to bring into place a law that allows commercial banks to offer
investment products to their customers, provides protection to investors in the sales process,
and requires transparency in the pricing/returns and risks of such products.
2. Credit Bureau
Consumer lending in Vietnam is still at a nascent stage and in order to ensure its healthy growth
Vietnam should have a "credit bureau where all banks are required to feed in information on
each individual's overall borrowing from the banking system. The creation of such a bureau
would allow all banks to observe the borrowing track record and behavior of individual
customers which can help to lower costly mistakes and make it easier for good borrowers to
obtain finance.
Recommendation: Credit bureaus should be set up in Vietnam with compulsory inputs from
all banks and financial companies.
III. CONSUMERBANKING (PILLAR3)
NGN HNG
83
nuc Vit Nam hoc Chnh ph, theo djnh ky hng ngy dn djnh ky nm. Mc d chng ti
dnh gi dy d vic lp bo co d liu quan trong m kjp thi v chnh xc s cho php cc
co quan qun l c th theo di gim st tnh hnh hoat dng, tuy nhin, tt c bo co s lm
tng thm chi ph nhn su cho c ngn hng v Ngn hng Nh nuc, v cui cng s tng "chi
ph cung cp ti chnh cho khch hng cui.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj rng nn thnh lp mt nhm cng tc bao gm NHNN, cc
ngn hng v Ngn hng Th gii d xem xt v chinh sa cc yu cu v lp bo co v s
loai b duoc vic phi lp nhiu bo co v bo co hai ln khng mong mun.

6. Vay n nuc ngoi
Su tng trung kinh t v pht trin co s ha tng di han ca Vit Nam di hi cn huy dng
mt luong dng k vn vay di han t cc thj trung vn nuc ngoi. Mt trong nhng ro cn
cc cng ty Vit Nam khng th thm nhp thj trung vn quc t l vic p dt "thu khu tr
trn cc khon li phi tr cho ngui cho vay nuc ngoi. Vic ny khin cho cc cng ty ngn
ngai tip cn cc thj trung vn v trng doi nhng khon vay ngn han khng ph hop t thj
trung ni dja Vit Nam.
Kin ngh[: Chnh ph d dat duoc tin b trong vic gii quyt vn d ny thng qua vic ph
chun cc Hip djnh trnh dnh thu hai ln vi mt s quy djnh. Nn khuyn khich Chnh ph
tip tuc dm phn cc Hip djnh trnh dnh thu hai ln vi mt s quy djnh b sung v dm
bo thuc thi mt quy trnh thng thn cho php cc t chc c th yu cu hon tr mt cch
hiu qu cc khon uu di thu duoc php theo nhng hip djnh ny. Chnh ph cng nn xem
xt vic d b thu khu tr trn cc khon li phi tr cho ngui cho vay nuc ngoi di vi
thi han khon vay hon mt nm d khuyn khch ngui di vay khai thc tim nng huy dng
vn quan trong ny.
1. Cc sn phm qun I ti sn
Cc sn phm qun l ti sn hin nay l mt sn phm chnh trn ton cu ca cc ngn hng
cung ng bn l cho khch hng. iu ny d chng minh duoc nhng uu vit di vi ngui
tiu dng, vi diu kin ngn hng c chuyn mn v kim tra gim st cht ch nhm dm bo
rng sn phm ph hop cung cp cho khch hng bng vic dnh gi dng dn mc d ua ri
ro v muc dch ca khch hng.
Kin ngh[: uoc bit rng quy djnh hin nay khng d cp g dn cc sn phm du tu, chng
ti khuyn khch Chnh ph ban hnh lut cho php cc ngn hng thuong mai cung cp cc
sn phm du tu cho cc khch hng ca ho, bo v nh du tu trong qu trnh bn hng, v
di hi phi minh bach trong gi /loi nhun v ri ro ca sn phm d.
2. Vn phng Tn dng
Cho vay tiu dng Vit Nam vn cn trong giai doan non tr v d dm bo su pht trin lnh
manh ca ngnh ny Vit Nam cn c mt "vn phng tn dung d tt c cc ngn hng dua
thng tin v vic vay no ni chung ca c nhn t h thng ngn hng. Vic thnh lp mt vn
phng tn dung nhu vy s cho php tt c cc ngn hng thy duoc ljch s vay no v hnh vi
ca nhng khch hng c nhn do d c th gp phn gim cc sai st lm tng chi ph v tao
diu kin d dng hon cho nhng khch hng tt c th vay vn.
Kin ngh[: Nn thit lp cc vn phng tn dung Vit Nam vi du vo bt buc t tt c cc
ngn hng v cng ty ti chnh.
III. NGNHNG TIUDNG (TRUCQT 3)
BRANDED CONSUMER PRODUCTS
I. SECTOR OVERVIEW
II. ADVERTISING &PROMOTIONTAXCAP
The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry in Vietnam has been developing at a
rapid pace over the last 10 years, and is currently accounting for around 5% of Vietnam's GDP.
European companies have been playing a key role for many years, bringing quality brands and
products to millions of Vietnamese consumers on a daily basis. Key European companies in
the sector include Beiersdorf (Nivea), British American Tobacco (e.g. Dunhill, 555, Pall Mall),
CampinaFriesland (formerly DutchLady), Danone (Dumex), Diageo (e.g. Johnnie Walker),
L'Oreal, Nestle (e.g. Milo, LaVie, Nescafe, Maggi), Unilever (e.g. Omo, P/S, Sunlight, Knorr,
Walls) or Vietnam Brewery (Heineken, Tiger). n total, we estimate that European FMCG
companies in Vietnam employ about 10,000 staff directly, and a further 25,000 indirectly via
distributors and within the local supply chain.
European FMCG companies are strongly engaged in developing the local end-to-end value
chain, with activities ranging from intensive training for enhanced quality control at the local raw
material suppliers to integrated business planning with the retail industry. As few other
industries reach as deeply into the local communities as the FMCG industry does, it can also be
noted that the sector is leading in direct and indirect support for rural communities, often part of
the extensive overall CSR programs. Apart from the domestic focus, the FMCG sector is
increasingly involved in export operations, supplying quality brands "made in Vietnam to other
parts of Asia and the world.
Advertising and promotion (A&P) expenses are an important part of almost all branded
consumer goods companies' business activities. As these expenses are fully tax deductible in
all ASEANcountries and, apart from very limited exceptions, across the world, the level of A&P
spend is the result of a chosen business model in response to consumer behavior. t often
varies significantly between different product categories, reflecting the specific characteristics
of each category, such as the level of innovation, competition, consumer emotional
involvement etc. n general, advertising and promotional activities positively impact the
interests of consumers, businesses and the country's overall economy. The latest Corporate
st
ncome Tax Law put into practice 1 January 2009 has increased the cap from 10% to 15%,
however only for companies during the first 3 years of operations (see Art. 9 Lawon Corporate
ncome Tax on deductible and non-deductible expenses, Decree 24/2008/ND-CP dated
11/12/2008 guiding the implementation of the Law on Corporate ncome Tax and Circular
130/2008/TT-BTC dated 26/12/2008 of the Ministry of Finance guiding the implementation of
the Lawon Corporate ncome Tax and Decree 24/2008/ND-CP).
While this is a welcomed and positive development, it falls far short of the expectation of the
wider business community that expected a material progress towards the eventual full abolition
of the A&P tax cap. n particular, the 3 years limitation discriminates against companies,
independently of their size and origin (local or international), that opt for a relatively higher A&P
spend for their products as it puts a high tax burden on these business models. Specifically, for
some of our member companies, the effective Corporate ncome Tax rate (ETR) can be up to 3
times the nominal tax rate (ETR up to 50% or even more). The high associated (tax) costs in
building brands in the local market are also a deterrent for companies to develop such brands
for export opportunities. Further, it also reduces the potential of the local A&Pservices industry
(media, promotion agencies etc).
SN PHAM TIU DNG C THUONG HIEU
85
I. TONG QUANVNGNH
II. TRNTHUQUNG CO VKHUYNMI
Ngnh cng nghip hng tiu dng nhanh (FMCG) tai Vit Nam dang pht trin vi tc d
nhanh chng trong hon 10 nm qua, v hin nay dang chim khong 5% GDP ca Vit Nam.
Cc doanh nghip Chu u dng vai tr then cht trong nhiu nm qua, hng ngy mang
nhng thuong hiu v cc sn phm cht luong ti hng triu ngui tiu dng Vit Nam. Cc
cng ty Chu u ch cht trong ngnh bao gm Beiersdorf (Nivea), British American Tobacco
(v du Dunhill, 555, Pall Mall), CampinaFriesland (C gi H Lan truc dy), Danone (Dumex),
Diageo (v du Johnnie Walker), L'Oreal, Nestle (v du Milo, LaVie, Nescafe, Maggi), Unilever (v
du Omo, P/S, Sunlight, Knorr, Walls) hay Nh my Bia Vit Nam (Heineken, Tiger). Tng cng,
chng ti uc tnh rng cc cng ty hng tiu dng nhanh Chu u tai Vit Nam tuyn dung
khong 10.000 nhn vin truc tip, v hon 25.000 nhn vin gin tip thng qua cc nh phn
phi v chui cung ng dja phuong.
Cc cng ty hng tiu dng nhanh Chu u tham gia manh m vo pht trin chui gi trj t du
dn cui, vi cc hoat dng khc nhau, t do tao chuyn su d tng cung kim sot cht
luong tai cc nh cung cp nguyn liu dja phuong dn hoat dng kinh doanh mang tnh tch
hop di vi ngnh bn l. Do hu nhu khng c ngnh cng nghip no c th thm nhp su
vo cng dng dja phuong nhu ngnh cng nghip hng tiu dng nhanh, cng c th thy
rng ngnh ny di du trong h tro truc tip v gin tip cho cc cng dng nng thn, thung
l mt phn ca chuong trnh trch nhim x hi doanh nghip (CSR) tng th m rng. Ngoi
vic tp trung vo thj trung trong nuc, ngnh hng tiu dng nhanh ngy cng tham gia vo
cc hoat dng xut khu, cung cp cc thuong hiu c cht luong "made in Vit Nam" dn cc
noi khc Chu v trn th gii.
Chi ph qung co v khuyn mi (A& P) l mt phn quan trong trong hoat dng kinh doanh
ca hu ht cc cng ty hng tiu dng c thuong hiu. Do cc khon chi ny duoc khu tr
thu ton b tai tt c cc nuc ASEANv trn ton th gii, ngoi mt s rt t cc trung hop
ngoai l, mc d chi tiu cho qung co v khuyn mi l kt qu ca mt m hnh kinh doanh
duoc lua chon d thch ng vi hnh vi ca ngui tiu dng. Chi ph ny thung dao dng
dng k gia cc loai sn phm khc nhau, qua d phn nh nhng dc dim ring ca tng
loai, chng han nhu mc d sng tao, canh tranh, tnh cm ngui tiu dng tham gia v.v. Ni
chung, cc hoat dng qung co v khuyn mai tc dng tch cuc dn loi ch ca ngui tiu
dng, doanh nghip v tng th nn kinh t ca cc quc gia. Lut Thu Thu nhp Doanh
nghip gn dy nht c hiu luc t ngy 1/1/2009 d tng mc trn chi ph duoc khu tr thu
t 10% dn 15%, tuy nhin chi p dung di vi cc cng ty trong 3 nm du hoat dng (xem
iu 9 Lut Thu Thu nhp Doanh nghip v cc khon chi duoc khu tr v khng duoc khu
tr thu, Nghj djnh 24/2008/N-CPngy 11/12/2008 hung dn thuc hin Lut Thu Thu nhp
Doanh nghip v Thng tu 130/2008/TT-BTC ngy 26/12/2008 ca B Ti chnh hung dn
thuc hin Lut Thu Thu nhp Doanh nghip v Nghj djnh 24/2008/ND-CP).
y l mt buc pht trin tch cuc v dng duoc hoan nghnh, tuy nhin vn chua dp ng
duoc ky vong ca cng dng doanh nghip vi mong mun c mt buc tin ln hung ti
vic bi b hon ton trn thu qung co v khuyn mi. c bit, gii han p dung trong 3
nm d tao ra su phn bit di x di vi nhng cng ty lua chon chi tiu nhiu hon cho qung
co v khuyn mi cc sn phm ca ho, bt kquy m v ngun gc (trong nuc hoc quc
t), v n tao ra mt gnh nng thu cao trn m hnh kinh doanh ny. Cu th l, di vi mt s
cng ty thnh vin ca chng ti, thu sut Thu cng ty thuc t (ETR) c th ln dn gp 3 ln
Recommendation: EuroCham strongly believes that allowing full deductibility of advertising
and promotional expenditure will have a major positive effect on future economic development
in Vietnam, increase the attractiveness of Vietnam for long term investment, increase GDPper
capita, provide Vietnamese consumers a larger choice at lower prices, and encourage
Vietnamese businesses to start to build their brands.
EuroCham therefore recommends that the A&P tax cap be removed. f it cannot be removed,
EuroCham believes that only the publication of a committed roadmap towards the full removal
of the A&Ptax cap in the CT lawby 2012 or earlier will create confidence within the European
business community. Any such implementation guidelines should again widen the scope of
eligible items for tax deduction thus reducing the negative tax impact under the newCTlaw.
We are not aware of any progress over the last 12 months towards the establishment of a legal
framework that would allow electronic invoicing (except for the airline industry). The
administrative regulations have remained largely unchanged, generally requiring pre-
formatted and heavy paper documentation for tax purposes. Such regulations represent
significant costs and complexity for our industry that is typically characterized by a very large
number of small volume transactions between multiple business partners on a daily basis.
The National Assembly of Vietnam has ratified the Law on Electronic Transactions (Law No.
51/2005/QH11) in November 2005, confirming the determination of the government to promote
the transition to a more efficient business environment. However, there is a lack of
implementation guidelines that would allow the business community to make good use of the
law. n particular, Circular No. 120/2002/TT-BTC dated 30/12/2002 of the Ministry of Finance
on the printing, issuance, use and filing of invoices, requires that (i) invoices must be issued
and provided to customers right upon completion of the sales transaction; and (ii) only paper
invoices must be used as the official proof documents for VATdeclaration and settlement, sales
and expenses recognition, as well as for accounting and payment. Moreover, paper invoices
are used in practice as the only evidence of goods legally produced and traded. As such,
invoices must always accompany the actual goods in circulation and transportation.
Due to such burdensome requirements, each shipment must be accompanied by a separate
invoice. This often results in an ever-increasing number of invoices, driving up the workload in
back offices across all companies and preventing an improvement in the productivity and
effectiveness of the companies involved. Further, there is still no national ED hub in place that
would allow all companies, regardless of size and technological know-how, to exchange
transaction information in an electronic format.
Recommendation: The government should implement legislation that allows: (i) The use of
non-invoice documents, i.e. Goods Delivery Notes, for goods during transportation; (ii) the
issue of regular (paper-based) invoices on monthly basis; (iii) the use of electronic data in many
standard commercial transactions, most importantly purchase orders and invoices; (iv)
Electronic data as legal evidence for VAT, sales and expenses recognition, accounting and tax
self-assessment, and tax finalization; (v) the company to use its own invoice numbering. The
requirement to maintain both "red invoice numbering granted by Ministry of Finance for local
fiscal reporting and company's own internal system generated numbering is a very time
consuming process and not at all cost-efficient for any business. Further, the government
III. INVOICING
87
mc thu sut danh ngha (ETRtng dn 50% hoc thm ch cao hon). Cc chi ph (thu) cao
d xy dung thuong hiu tai thj trung dja phuong cng l mt cn tr di vi cc cng ty
mun pht trin nhng thuong hiu nhu vy cho cc co hi xut khu. Hon na, n cng lm
gim tim nng ca ngnh djch vu qung co v khuyn mi trong nuc (cc cng ty truyn
thng, qung co, su kin v.v.).
Kin ngh[: EuroCham tin tung manh m rng vic cho php khu tr ton b cc khon chi ph
qung co v khuyn mi s c mt tc dung tch cuc to ln dn supht trin kinh t trong tuong
lai ca Vit Nam, tng sc hp dn ca Vit Nam di vi du tu di han, tng mc GDP bnh
qun du ngui, cung cp cho ngui tiu dng Vit Nam mt su lua chon ln hon vi gi c
thp hon, v khuyn khch cc doanh nghip Vit Nam bt du xy dung thuong hiu ca mnh.
V vy, EuroCham khuyn nghj vic d b trn chi ph qung co khuyn mi d tnh gim tr
thu. Nu khng th d b, EuroCham tin rng vic cng b mt l trnh v cam kt hung ti
vic d b hon ton trn chi ph qung co v khuyn mi trong Lut Thu Thu nhp Doanh
nghip vo nm 2012 hoc sm hon cng s tao ra nim tin trong cng dng doanh nghip
Chu u. Nhng quy djnh hung dn thuc hin nhu vy s lai m rng pham vi cc hang muc
d diu kin d duoc gim tr thu, gp phn lm gim tc dng tiu cuc ca thu theo Lut
Thu Thu Nhp Doanh nghip mi.
Chng ti chua thy c bt ky tin trin no trong 12 thng qua v vic thit lp mt khung php
l cho php lp ho don din t (tr cc ngnh hng khng). Cc quy djnh hnh chnh phn ln
vn khng c g thay di, thung di hi phi lp qu nhiu h sogiy ttheo mu quy djnh cho
muc dch khai thu. Nhng quy djnh nhu vy gy tn km dng k v phc tap cho ngnh ca
chng ti, ngnh c dc trung din hnh l hng ngy c rt nhiu giao djch vi doanh s nh v
gia nhiu di tc kinh doanh.
Quc hi Vit Nam d thng qua Lut Giao djch in t (Lut s 51/2005/QH11) thng 11/2005,
chng t su quyt tm ca Chnh ph nhm xc tin chuyn di sang mt mi trung kinh
doanh hiu qu hon. Tuy nhin, vn thiu vng nhng hung dn thuc hin cho php cng
dng doanh nghip thuc thi tt cc lut quy djnh. Cu th, Thng tu s 120/2002/TT-BTC ngy
30/12/2002 ca B Ti chnh v vic in, pht hnh, s dung v qun l ho don, yu cu: (i) ho
don phi duoc pht hnh v cung cp cho khch hng ngay sau khi hon thnh cc giao djch
bn hng; v (ii) chi duoc s dung ho don giy lm ti liu bng chng chnh thc d k khai
v quyt ton thu gi trj gia tng, cng nhn doanh thu v chi ph, cng nhu k ton v thanh
ton. Hon na, ha don giy duoc s dung trong thuc t l bng chng duy nht chng minh
hng ho duoc sn xut v kinh doanh hop php. Nhu vy, phi lun lun c ho don di km
theo hng ha thuc t trong luu thng v vn chuyn.
Do nhng yu cu nng n nhu vy, mi l hng vn chuyn cn phi km theo mt ha don
ring. iu ny thung dn dn s luong ha don ngy cng tng, ko theo khi luong cng
vic tng tai cc b phn hu cn ca tt c cc cng ty v t d cn tr vic ci thin hiu qu
v nng sut ca cc cng ty c lin quan. Hon na, hin khng c Trung tm Trao di D liu
in th (ED) quc gia, noi s cho php tt c cc cng ty, bt k quy m v b quyt cng
ngh, trao di thng tin giao djch theo djnh dang din t.
Kin ngh[: Chnh ph cn thuc thi lut cho php: (i) s dung chng t khng phi l ha don, v
du Phiu Giao hng, di vi hng ha trong vn chuyn; (ii) pht hnh ha don thung xuyn
III. HAON
should drive for the set-up of a central ED infrastructure, including technical installation,
standard setting and governance.
1. Cash remittance of remaining promotionaI vaIue
Articles 12.5, 15, 16 and 17 of Decree 37/2006/ND-CP dated 04/4/2006 guiding the
implementation of the Commercial Law with respect to commercial promotional activities
require companies to remit 50% of the announced prize value without winner into the state
budget. Normally companies grant prizes in kind, not in cash. And to ensure that they can
implement the campaigns already registered with the authorities and declare the value of the
promotional goods to the authorities upon registration of the campaign, companies must have
secured the prize by importing/purchasing the goods in advance. With the requirement that the
50% of the announced prize must be cash out and remit to the State budget, it incur additional
expenses and admin work to enterprises: they have to bear the cost for goods purchased in
advance to be used as promotion, plus an additional amount remitted into state budget.
Recommendation: This stipulation should be repealed. nstead, the government may impose
an administrative sanction on who abuses the promotion to mislead consumers. Even if the
government requires the contribution of 50% of the announced prize without winner, it should
be 50% of the goods that the enterprises have prepared for the prizes, and not the cash-out
value of the prize.
2. Requirement on announcements/reporting to every Iocation that the promotion
takes pIace
Articles 15, 16 and 17 of the same Decree 37/2006/ND-CP require that for campaigns that
takes place in more than one province, the enterprise must send promotion notice (for certain
promotions) to all Departments of ndustry and Trade ("DOT) of all provinces that the
campaign takes place, or (for other promotions) register the campaign with the Ministry of
ndustry and Trade ("MOT) and again notify the campaign and MOT's approval to all DOTs
where the campaign takes place. Further, subsequently after the campaign, enterprises are
required to report the result of the campaign to all DOTs and MOT (where applicable). n
many provinces authorities also have different requirements for promotion announcements.
Documentary evidence of all of these notices must be properly maintained for tax purposes.
This causes a tremendous admin burden and paper work for both enterprises and the
authorities, given Vietnam has 63 provinces.
Recommendation: The government should implement legislation that allows single
announcement/ registration/result report of promotional campaign at single authority (MOT or
the DOT where the head office of the enterprise is located). The government may also impose
administrative fines to those who abuse promotion to mislead consumers. With nternet all other
DOTs can check information on promotion updated in the website of MOT/relevant DOT.
Today, there are different procedures for different product categories or advertising forms. For
example: required approval for advertising of foodstuff and cosmetics is different to home care
products; procedures to get approval for outdoor advertising are different from TV or print
IV. PROMOTIONALCAMPAIGNS
V. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS AND "ADVERTISING IN CONTRARY TO
TRADITION"
89
(trn giy) djnh ky hng thng; (iii) s dung d liu din t trong nhiu giao djch thuong mai
chun, quan trong nht l don dt hng v ha don; (iv) d liu din t duoc dng lmchng
t php l cho thu gi trj gia tng, cng nhn doanh thu v chi ph, k ton v tu k khai v
quyt ton thu; (v) cng ty dng cch dnh s ha don ring ca mnh. Vic yu cu doanh
nghip phi duy tr hai loai s th tu "ha don d do B Ti Chnh cp cho muc dch bo co ti
chnh trong nuc v s th tu ca h thng ni b ca cng ty l mt quy trnh rt mt thi gian
v tn km di vi bt ky doanh nghip no. Hon na, Chnh ph nn xc tin vic thit lp co
s ha tng trao di d liu din t ED Trung uong, bao gm ci dt k thut, dt ra cc tiu
chun v qun trj.
1. Chuyn thnh tin gi tr[ khuyn mi cn Iai
iu 12, 5, 15, 16 v 17 ca Nghj djnh 37/2006/N-CP ngy 04/4/2006 hung dn thi hnh
Lut Thuong mai di vi cc hoat dng xc tin thuong mai yu cu cng ty trch phi np 50%
gi trj gii thung d cng b m khng c ngui chin thng vo ngn sch nh nuc. Thng
thung cc cng ty cp gii thung bng hin vt, khng phi bng tin mt. V d dm bo
rng ho c th thuc hin cc chin djch d duoc dng k vi coquan qun l nh nuc c thm
quyn v thng bo gi trj ca hng ho khuyn mai vi cc coquan qun l nh nuc c thm
quyn sau khi dng k chin djch, cc cng ty phi bo dm gii thung bng vic nhp
khu/mua hng ho truc. Vic yu cu rng 50% cc gii thung d thng bo phi duoc
chuyn thnh tin v np vo ngn sch Nh nuc lm pht sinh cc chi ph b sung v cng
vic hnh chnh cho cc doanh nghip: ho phi chju chi ph cho hng ho d mua truc d lm
hng khuyn mi, cng thm mt s tin b sung d np vo ngn sch Nh nuc.
Kin ngh[: quy djnh ny cn duoc bi b. Thay vo d, Chnh ph c th x phat hnh chnh
di vi nhng thuong nhn lam dung vic xc tin khuyn mi d dnh la ngui tiu dng.
Ngay c khi Chnh ph yu cu dng gp 50% gi trj gii thung d cng b m khng c
ngui trng thung, n phi l 50% s hng ho m cc doanh nghip d chun bj cho gii
thung, v khng phi l gi trj ca gii thung bng tin mt.
2. Yu cu v thng bo/bo co mi d[a dim t chc khuyn mai
iu 15, 16 v 17 ca Nghj djnh 37/2006/N-CP yu cu di vi chuong trnh khuyn mai
duoc t chc thuc hin tai nhiu tinh, cc doanh nghip phi gi thng bo khuyn mai (di vi
cc chuong trnh khuyn mai nht djnh) cho tt c cc S Cng nghip v Thuong mai
("SCNTM") ca tt c cc tinh noi thuc hin khuyn mai, hoc (di vi cc chuong trnh khuyn
mi khc) dng k chin djch vi B Cng nghip v Thuong mai ("B Cng thuong") v gi
vn bn thng bo ln na cho SCNTM v noi thuc hin khuyn mai v vn bn chp thun
ca B Cng thuong. Hon na, sau khi thuc hin khuyn mai, doanh nghip phi c trch
nhim bo co kt qu ca chuong trnh khuyn mai cho STMCNv B Cng thuong (nu c).
nhiu tinh, co quan qun l nh nuc c thm quyn cng c nhng yu cu khc nhau di
vi thng bo khuyn mai. Chng c ti liu ca tt c cc thng bo phi duoc luu gicho cc
muc dch v thu. iu ny gy ra mt gnh nng ln v hnh chnh v cng vic giy tcho c
doanh nghip v coquan qun l nh nuc c thm quyn, v Vit Nam c 63 tinh thnh.
Kin ngh[: Chnh ph nn thuc hin quy djnh cho php thng bo/ dng k/ bo co kt qu
ca mt chuong trnh qung co mt ln tai mt coquan c thm quyn (B Cng thuong hoc
SCNTM noi doanh nghip dng tru s chnh). Chnh ph cng c th x phat hnh chnh di
vi nhng thuong nhn lam dung khuyn mai d dnh la ngui tiu dng. Thng qua nternet
IV. CCCHUONG TRNHKHUYNMI
media. Further, according to Article 5.2 of the Ordinance on Advertising 2001 states:
"Advertising which is contrary to the tradition, history, culture, ethics or fine customs of the
Vietnamese peoples is not allowed. This rule often causes uncertainty in the industry on what
content of advertising may be allowed or not allowed.

Recommendation: We recommend legislation that simplifies and synchronizes advertising
procedures for all categories/forms of advertising whilst respecting specific requirements of
differentiation. Further, the lawmakers should develop - in co-operation with the advertisers - a
clear, predictable and consistent definition of what is "contrary to the tradition, in order to avoid
the various interpretations of censorships, removing at least some of today's ambiguity.
The FMCG industry is typically characterized by a very large number of small volume
transactions between multiple business partners on a daily basis. Thus, every day thousands
of trucks ship rawand packaging materials as well as finished products throughout the country,
from the large urban centers to the smallest rural village. All of these physical shipments lead to
accounting transactions between multiple trading partners, from the very large scale operation
between a supplier and a national retail chain to the very small transaction between a
distributor and a small retail outlet in a remote province. n addition, a further typical element of
our industry is the high frequency of promotional campaigns, often at national level, aimed at
providing additional value and excitement to the end consumers. The current administrative
framework, regulating documentation requirements for our industry from invoicing to
promotion announcement, is no longer adequate for our high volume, low value transactions
industry.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends using "Project 30 for an administrative reform
that also specifically addresses the requirements of the FMCG industry, including but not
limited to electronic invoicing, acceptance of Goods Receipt Notes for goods in transit and a
newprocedure for promotion announcements. n particular we recommend reviewing Circular
no. 94/2003/TTLT/BTC-BTM-BCAdated 08/10/2003 on providing guidelines on the use of the
invoices and document for goods on the way, Circular no. 12/2007/TTLT/BTC-BTM-BCAdated
28/02/2007 on providing guidelines on the use of the invoices and document for import goods
on the way and Decree 37/2006/ND-CP dated 04/4/2006 guiding the implementation of the
Commercial Lawwith respect to commercial promotional activities.
Branded consumer goods are easily exposed to the challenges of PR protection as a
significant value of their offering lies in the brand name itself. Abuse of a famous brand name
via copying is technically relatively simple, while potentially representing a large economic
damage to the company owning the brand name and other attached Prights. Moreover, there
is a potentially large health risk associated with the breach of PRs as the copied versions of the
original products may be unsafe for use by end consumers. End consumers are also affected in
such a way that they may find it difficult to differentiate between the original and the faked
product, undermining their trusted brand. Branded consumer goods companies depend on a
strong PR enforcement environment in order to feel confident to develop strong brands that
their consumers can trust. Despite some recent improvement, the government still lacks
adequate resources (both personnel and financial) to effectively enforce PR laws and
regulations, including for the tracing, tracking and verifying of counterfeits.
VI. ADMINISTRATIVESIMPLIFICATION
VII. INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS(IPR) PROTECTIONLAWENFORCEMENT
91
tt c SCNTM khc c th tin hnh kim tra thng tin v chuong trnh xc tin duoc cp nht
tai trang web ca B Cng thuong/SCNTM lin quan.
Ngy nay, c nhng th tuc khc nhau di vi cc loai sn phm hoc cc hnh thc qung co
khc nhau. V du: chp thun bt buc di vi vic qung co ca hng thuc phm v m phm
th khc vi sn phm chm sc gia dnh; th tuc d duoc php qung co ngoi tri khc vi
truyn hnh hoc phuong tin truyn thng bng bn in. Hon na, theo iu 5.2 ca Php lnh
Qung co nm 2001 quy djnh: "Nghim cm hnh vi qung co tri vi truyn thng, ljch s,
vn ho, dao dc hay thun phong m tuc ca dn tc Vit Nam". Quy djnh ny thung gy ra
su khng chc chn trong ngnh v vic ni dung qung co no bj nghim cm hoc khng
nghim cm.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti kin nghj rng lut nn don gin ha v dng b ha cc th tuc qung co
di vi tt c cc loai/hnh thc qung co trong khi vn tn trong nhng yu cu cu th v su
khc bit. Hon na, cc nh lp php, hop tc vi cc nh qung co, nn pht trin mt djnh
ngha r rng, d don v nht qun v nhng g l "tri vi truyn thng, nhm trnh nhng
din gii khc nhau ca nh kim duyt, t nht l loai b ngay mt s t ti ngha hin nay.
Ngnh hng tiu dng nhanh c dc trung l cc giao djch thung c gi trj thp v din ra gia
nhiu di tc kinh doanh hng ngy. Nhu vy, mi ngy hng ngn xe ti chuyn ch nguyn
liu th v dng gi cng nhu thnh phm di lai trong c nuc, t cc trung tm d thj ln dn
cc lng qu nh nht. Tt c cc l hng thuc t du dn dn giao djch k ton gia nhiu di
tc thuong mai, t hoat dng quy m rt ln gia mt nh cung cp v mt chui bn l khp
dt nuc dn cc giao djch rt nh gia mt nh phn phi v mt ca hng nh l mt tinh
xa. Ngoi ra, mt yu t din hnh ca ngnh cng nghip ny l cc chuong trnh qung co c
tn sut cao, din ra thung xuyn khp quc gia, nhm muc dch cung cp gi trj gia tng v
su hng th cho ngui tiu dng cui. Khun kh hnh chnh hin hnh, quy djnh cc yu cu
ti liu chng t di vi ngnh ny tha don dn thng bo khuyn mi, khng cn tha dng
di vi ngnh cng nghip c nhiu giao djch gi trj nh.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham khuyn nghj p dung "Du n 30" v ci cch hnh chnh v cng nhm
gii quyt cu th cc yu cu ca ngnh cng nghip Hng tiu dng nhanh, bao gm nhung
khng gii han vic lp ho don din t, chp thun Phiu Nhp hng di vi hng ho qu
cnh v th tuc mi v thng bo khuyn mai. Cu th, chng ti kin nghj xem xt lai Thng tu
s 94/2003/TTLT/BTC-BTM-BCAngy 8/10/2003 v hung dn ch d ho don, chng tdi
vi hng ha luu thng trn dung, Thng tu s 12/2007/TTLT/BTC-BTM-BCA ngy
28/02/2007 v vic hung dn ch d ho don, chng tdi vi hng ha nhp khu luu thng
trn thj trung v Nghj djnh 37/2006/ND-CPngy 04/4/2006 quy djnh chi tit Lut Thuong mai
v mt s hoat dng xc tin thuong mai.
Hng ha tiu dng c thuong hiu rt d bj dt vo cc thch thc v bo h quyn SHTTnhu
l mt gi trj quan trong m hng ha dua ra dui thuong hiu ca n. Lam dung mt thuong
hiu ni ting thng qua vic sao chp l tuong di don gin v k thut, nhung dng thi gy
V. YUCUNG KV"QUNG CO TRI VI TRUYNTHNG"
VI. ONGINHATHTUCHNHCHNH
VII. THUCTHI LUAT BO HQ QUYNS HUTR TUE(SHTT)
Recommendation: n line with our general section on ntellectual Property, we strongly
recommend to effectively imposing enforcement of PR laws and regulations. Further, there
should be a government-business partnership in anti-counterfeiting. Such a partnership should
aim to: mprove regulations on anti counterfeiting, mobilize greater resources for enforcement
actions, enhance public awareness and education against counterfeits, share experiences and
improve coordination among all stakeholders.
93
ra thit hai ln v mt kinh t cho cng ty s hu thuong hiu v cc quyn SHTT khc km
theo. Hon na, c mt ri ro ln v sc khe lin quan dn vi pham quyn shu tr tu v bn
sao ca cc sn phm gc c th khng an ton cho ngui tiu dng cui trong qu trnh s
dung. Ngui tiu dng cui cng bj nh hung: ho cm thy kh khn trong vic phn bit gia
sn phm chnh hiu v hng gi, ph hoai thuong hiu dng tin cy ca ho. Cng ty hng tiu
dng c thuong hiu dua vo mi trung thuc thi quyn SHTT manh d ho cm thy tu tin d
pht trin thuong hiu manh m ngui tiu dng ca ho c th tin tung. Mc d d c mt s
ci thin gn dy, Chnh ph vn thiu cc ngun luc tha dng (c nhn su v ti chnh) d
thuc thi hiu qu cc quy djnh v Lut Shu Tr tu, bao gm vic truy ngun, theo di v xc
minh hng gi.
Kin ngh[: ph hop vi phn tng quan v S hu tr tu, chng ti dc bit kin nghj nn
thuc thi hiu qu cc quy djnh v php lut v quyn SHTT. Hon na, nn c mt quan h di
tc Chnh ph-doanh nghip trong chng hng gi. Quan h di tc nhu vy nhm muc dch:
Ci thin cc quy djnh v cng tc chng hng gi, huy dng cc ngun luc ln hon d thuc
hin cc hnh dng thuc thi php lut, nng cao nhn thc v gio duc ngui dn v chng
hng gi, chia s kinh nghim v tng cung su phi hop gia tt c cc bn lin quan.
TELECOM
I. MARKET OVERVIEW
This paper summarises the key issues facing telecom operators and service companies (not
telecom equipment manufacturers) in Vietnam. The Vietnamese telecommunication industry,
under the control of the Ministry of nformation and Communications (MC), has experienced
significant growth over the past years, particular in mobile and nternet/Broad Band (BB), which
increased in pace in 2009. Unlike many other developing countries, Vietnam also grew in the
fixed / landline sector. The reported high penetration rates (a teledensity of > 100%) have to be
taken with caution, as there is a very high number of inactive mobile subscribers, and mobile
subscribers with more than one subscriptions.
Following a decision to create more competition in the sector, the government has issued a
number of licenses to "facility based operators (network operators) as well as allowing non
network owning companies to enter the market. Despite this, the sector is still largely
dominated by two 100% state owned enterprises, VNPT (MC) and Viettel (Ministry of
Defense) which account for > 90% of the market share. Network quality and availability in
Vietnam still is underdeveloped but recent deployment of fibre backbones and new
international capacity helped to improving the situation. Until now, the regulatory framework
has not reflected the market development accurately. This is likely to change with the new
Telecommunication and Radio Frequency Law, expected to be passed in late 2009, which will
provide a significant legal improvement.
1. MobiIe Sector: The mobile sector currently has 92 million subscribers with a comparatively
high number of seven Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). This leads to an intense competition
in the segment, which is mainly reflected in aggressive promotional pricing campaigns.
However, numbers have to be taken carefully, as more than 90% of subscribers are prepaid
subscribers and even contracts mostly do not have long termination periods. Accordingly, this
lead to a very high number of inactive SM cards, which are still counted in the subscriber
figures. The real numbers are hard to determine, as the legal framework does not allow for
easy deactivation and re-allocation of SM cards.
The mobile sector is dominated by three operators with approximately 90% market share in
terms of subscribers and an even higher market share in terms of revenues and profit. VNPT
with its two operators Mobifone and Vinaphone have a combined market share of over 50% of
th
subscribers and Viettel remains close to 40% subscribers. The 7 MNO started operations in
summer this year. The vast majority of subscribers are on GSM based networks with only two
of the small networks operating on CDMAand another of the small operators having recently
switched from CDMAto GSM. n 2009 the government issued four 3G licences to the existing
operators (one each to the 3 market leading operators and one to a consortium of two of the
small ones) by way of a "beauty contest. Also a first Mobile Virtual Network Operator licences
was issued. The market for Value Added Services is still small but offers huge potential,
particularly in areas such as mobile banking etc.
2. Broadband (BB) and Internet: Vietnam has over 21 million nternet and 2.6 million BB
rd
subscribers. However, 2/3 of BB subscribers are in Hanoi and HCMC, the provinces are
largely underrepresented. VNPT dominates the market with over 50% market share. FPT, a
rd
publicly traded company, is able to maintain a close 3 market position after Viettel. The
amount of internet usage doubled in 2008 to more than 40 million and will keep growing as also
more Vietnam targeted/based content is available.
VIEN THNG
95
I. TONG QUAN TH[ TRUNG
Ti liu ny tm tt nhng vn d chnh m cc cng ty khai thc v cc cng ty djch vu vin
thng (tr cc nh sn xut thit bj vin thng) tai Vit Nam dang phi di mt. Ngnh cng
nghip vin thng Vit Nam, dui su kim sot ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng (MC), d
tng trung dng k trong nhng nm qua, dc bit trong lnh vuc din thoai di dng v
nternet/bng thng rng (BB) d tng trung nhanh nm 2009. Khng ging nhu nhiu nuc
dang pht trin khc, Vit Nam cng dat duoc tng trung trong lnh vuc din thoai c
djnh/cp. Tuy nhin, theo bo co, t l thm nhp cao (mt d din thoai> 100%) cn phi
duoc xem xt k lung, v c mt s luong rt ln cc thu bao di dng khng hoat dng v
mi ngui thung dng k trn mt s thu bao.

Vi quyt djnh tao ra mi trung canh tranh hon trong khu vuc ny, Chnh ph d cp mt s
giy php cho "cc cng ty khai thc co s ha tng" (cng ty khai thc mang) cng nhu cho
php cc cng ty khng s hu mang duoc thm nhp vo thj trung. Mc d vy, hai doanh
nghip 100% s hu nh nuc, VNPT (B Thng tin v Truyn thng) v Viettel (B Quc
phng) chim thj phn chi phi trn thj trung, vi trn 90%. Cht luong v tnh n djnh ca
mang tai Vit Nam vn cn km pht trin, nhung gn dy, vic trin khai mang xuong sng
cp quang v nng luc quc t mi d gp phn ci thin tnh hnh. Cho dn nay, khun kh
php l khng theo kjp su pht trin ca thj trung. iu ny c th dn ti vic sa di Lut
Tn s v tuyn v Vin thng, du kin s duoc thng qua vo cui nm 2009 v s ci thin
dng k mi trung php l.
1. Lnh vc din thoai di dng: Ngnh din thoai di dng hin c 92 triu thu bao, mt s
luong tuong di cao vi by cng ty khai thc mang di dng (MNOs). iu ny dn dn mt
cuc canh tranh d di trong phn khc ny, th hin ch yu qua cc chin djch khuyn mai
gi manh. Tuy nhin, cn phi xem xt con s ny mt cch cn thn, v hon 90% s thu bao
l thu bao tr truc v thm ch cc hop dng phn ln khng c ky han di. Do d, diu ny
dn dn mt s luong rt ln cc th SM khng hoat dng m vn cn tnh vo s luong thu
bao. Kh c th xc djnh chnh xc s luong thuc su, v khun kh php lut khng cho php
dng kch hoat d dng v ti cp th SM.
C ba cng ty khai thc mang chi phi khu vuc din thoai di dng chim khong 90% thj phn
v s luong thu bao v vi thj phn cn cao hon v doanh thu v loi nhun. VNPT vi hai
cng ty khai thc l Mobifone v Vinaphone chim thj phn hon 50% v s luong thu bao v
Viettel chimgn 40% s luong thu bao. Cng ty khai thc mang th 7 d bt du di vo hoat
dng t ma h nm nay. ai da s cc thu bao dang hoat dng trn cc mang GSM vi hai
mang nh hoat dng dua trn cng ngh CDMA v mt cng ty khai thc nh gn dy d
chuyn di t cng ngh CDMAsang GSM. Trong nm 2009, Chnh ph d cp bn giy php
3G cho cc cng ty khai thc mang hin c (ba giy php duoc cp cho ba cng ty khai thc
hng du v mt giy php cn lai duoc cp cho mt t hop ca hai cng ty nh) theo cch t
chc mt "cuc thi sc dep". Ngoi ra, mt giy php cho cng ty khai thc mang di dng o
du tin cng duoc cp. Thj trung cc djch vu gi trj gia tng vn cn nh nhung c tim nng
rt ln, dc bit l trong cc lnh vuc nhu ngn hng di dng v.v.
2. Bng thng rng (BB) v Internet: Vit Nam d c hon 21 triu thu bao internet v 2,6
triu thu bao bng thng rng. Tuy nhin, 2/3 s thu bao internet bng thng rng tp trung
H Ni v TP.HCM, s luong tai cc tinh th khng th hin chnh xc. VNPT chim lnh thj
trung vi thj phn trn 50%. FPT, mt cng ty kinh doanh dai chng, hin d c th duy tr vj tr
TELECOM
3. Fixed Iine: The fixed line sector still experience growth with now more than 17 million
subscribers. The number of fixed line connections is expected to even out in the coming years,
as more and more substitution is expected. Prices are currently fully regulated but from 2011 on
rd
operators will have flexibility in pricing. More than 2/3 of the market is traditional PSTN with
fixed wireless applications accounting for the remainder.
4. WireIess Broadband Access (WBA): The MCissued a number of trial licences for WiMAX
which were mostly concluded this year. However there is no clear picture on the proceeding
with commercial licences. The 3G networks announced to go live in late 2009/early 2010 will
provide WBA, first in the urban areas.
The development of the sector in recent years is very impressive with some of the highest
growth rates in Asia. The massive increase in penetration rates contributed to the general
economic development of Vietnam. n order to continue this and reach the government targets
in CT, the sector needs a strong independent regulatory body to ensure a level playing field for
all operators. Network quality and international capacity need further improvement and the
National Telecommunication Fund must be fully utilized to support the connectivity of rural
areas. The mobile sector, with its price-driven competition through heavy promotional
campaigns for new subscribers, has lead to a huge number of inactive subscribers. This
situation is not ideal and the current government initiatives (limiting of promotional campaigns,
restriction of no. of SM, subscriber registration) need to be stronger enforced.
EuroCham believes that international industry investors will be able to contribute to the further
development of the sector in Vietnam in commercial means but also in improving network
infrastructure and penetration. A number of well-known and respected European telecom
operators are willing to engage in this through strategic partnerships with Vietnamese
operators. However, until recently the only legal structure for foreign operators to invest in the
local market was through a Business Cooperation contract (BCC) with a Vietnamese operator.
A BCC is of limited duration and gives the foreign party a revenue share but no equity rights.
Only two European companies as well as some Asian operators have operated by way of BCC
in the market. Rather surprisingly in early 2008, Vimpelcom, a Russian MNO was authorized to
invest in a JVreceiving a GSM licence with the Ministry of Security.
As a result of its WTO accession, Vietnam agreed to open the sector more for international
participation. Currently, foreign ownership in a "facility based " (network) operator can be up to
49%. As the market development is already progressed with also a number of licences issued
in the different segments and e.g. in the mobile sector spectrum being scarce participation is
expected to take place through the equitization process of licensed companies. Since 2005,
the government has announced rapid equitization intentions for the main mobile operators
(Mobifone, Vinaphone, and Viettel - starting with Mobifone), but considerable delay has
affected this equitization process and the PO of SOEs (State Owned Enterprises) in general.
The currently discussed new Telecommunication and Radio Frequency laws are significant
steps towards a suitable framework for the sector. The Government has to create an
independent regulatory body with the means and tools to secure the further development of the
sector and service availability for the country. n particular:
II. KEYISSUESOF FURTHERMARKET DEVELOPMENT
VIEN THNG
00
VIEN THNG
97
th 3 trn thj trung sau Viettel. Luong s dung nternet tng gp di vo nm 2008 ln dn
hon 40 triu v s tip tuc tng ln nhiu hon.
3. in thoai c d[nh: Mng din thoai c djnh vn tng trung vi hon 17 triu thu bao hin
nay. Thm ch s luong kt ni mang c djnh du kin s bj gim trong nhng nm ti, v du bo
ngy cng c nhiu phuong n thay th. Hin nay gi c dang bj diu tit ton b, nhung t
nm 2011 tr di, cng ty khai thc s duoc linh hoat trong vic hoach djnh gi. Hon 2/3 thj
trung l mang chuyn mach din thoai cng cng (PSTN) truyn thng vi cc ng dung
khng dy c djnh chim t trong cn lai.
4. Truy cp khng dy bng rng (WBA) : B Thng tin v Truyn thng d ban hnh mt s
giy php th nghim cng ngh WiMAX m phn ln s kt thc trong nm nay. Tuy nhin,
khng c mt bc tranh r rng v th tuc cp giy php thuong mai. Cc mang 3G d cng b
s chnh thc cung cp djch vu vo cui nm 2009/ du nm 2010 s cung cp WBA, truc
tin l cc khu vuc d thj.
Su pht trin ca ngnh ny trong nhng nm gn dy rt n tuong tai mt s quc gia c t l
tng trung hng du Chu . Su tng trung manh trong t l thm nhp d gp phn pht
trin kinh t chung ca Vit Nam. tip tuc tng trung v dat duoc cc muc tiu Chnh ph
d ra trong lnh vuc CNTT, ngnh cn c mt coquan diu tit vng manh dc lp d dm bo
mt sn choi bnh dng cho tt c cc cng ty khai thc. Cht luong mang v nng luc quc t
cn phi duoc ci thin hon na v Qu Vin Thng Quc Gia phi duoc tn dung ti da d h
tro kh nng kt ni ti cc khu vuc nng thn. Ngnh din thoai di dng, c su canh tranh v
gi - qua cc chin djch khuyn mai gi manh cho cc thu bao mi, khin mt luong ln cc
thu bao khng hoat dng. Tnh trang ny khng phi l l tung v cn phi thuc thi manh m
hon cc sng kin ca Chnh ph hin nay (han ch cc chin djch khuyn mi, han ch s
luong SM, dng k thu bao).
EuroCham tin tung rng cc nh du tuquc t trong ngnh s c th gp phn vo su pht
trin hon na ca ngnh ny tai Vit Nam trn phuong tin thuong mai v cng ci thin cos
ha tng mang v kh nng thm nhp. Mt s cc hng vin thng chu u ni ting v c uy
tn sn sng tham gia vo vic ny thng qua hop tc quan h di tc chin luoc vi nhng
doanh nghip Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, cho dn nay khun kh php l chi cho php cc cng ty
nuc ngoi du tu vo thj trung Vit Nam theo phuong thc hop dng Hop tc kinh doanh
(BCC) vi mt doanh nghip Vit Nam. Hop dng hop tc kinh doanh thung bj gii han v
thi gian v di tc nuc ngoi chi duoc phn chia mt phn thu nhp ch khng c quyn v
vn c phn. Chi c hai cng ty Chu u v mt s cng ty khai thc ca Chu d hoat dng
theo hnh thc BCC trn thj trung. iu kh ngac nhin l vo du nm 2008, Vimpelcom,
mt Cng ty khai thc mang ca Nga d duoc cp php du tu vo mt lin doanh vi B An
ninh lai nhn duoc giy php GSM.
Sau khi gia nhp WTO, Vit Nam d dng m ca nhiu hon cho pha nuc ngoi tham gia
vo ngnh ny. Hin nay, pha nuc ngoi c th shu dn 49% cc doanh nghip khai thc
"co s ha tng" (cng ty khai thc mang). Khi thj trung pht trin dn mc mt s luong giy
php duoc ban hnh trong cc phn khc khc nhau, v chng han lnh vuc din thoai di dng
ph tn vi rt t cng khai thc, du kin su tham gia vo ngnh ny s din ra qua qu trnh c
phn ho cc cng ty duoc cp php. T nm 2005, Chnh ph d thng bo djnh c phn
II. CCVNVPHT TRIENTH[ TRUNG
TELECOM
1. Destructive competition: t will be important to find a fair balance between competition
levels sufficient to satisfy the customers' needs and a regulatory environment that allows for
long-term growth and related involvement of champions of the sector. Accordingly, the
government should look at minimum regulations that discourage overly aggressive promotion
campaigns causing destructive losses of players in the sector, and eventually, put in danger the
overall telecom sector.
2. NationaI network deveIopment pIan: Anational network development plan must focus on
the broad availability of connectivity with suitable bandwidth and reliability. The current mainly
price driven competition, especially in the mobile sector, though leading to a fast reduction of
consumer prices, may fail to secure a market environment to deliver long term investment in
network infrastructure and services.
3. Roadmap and timeIines towards equitization: The government needs to give confidence
to foreign operators, particularly European enterprises who have indicated their belief in the
development of Vietnam and their willingness to invest in the country with a long term
commitment. However, their willingness to invest in Vietnam may be affected if despite clear
WTO commitments investment possibilities in the telecom sector remain unclear.
4. Equitization Roadmap: EuroCham believes that equitizing and thus allowing European
champions to enter the Vietnamese market is the best option to ensure Vietnam's medium and
long-term growth in the telecom sector. The contribution of external European expertise and
experience will help the leadership of Vietnam in telecom sector. We therefore recommend that
the Vietnamese government speeds up the equitization process of telecoms operators,
starting with announcing a reliable roadmap and definite timelines for equitization in the sector.
The role and expectations towards foreign strategic investors and the criteria for their selection
should be made clear and transparent.
VIEN THNG
99
ho nhanh chng cho cc doanh nghip khai thc di dng ln (Mobifone, Vinaphone v Viettel
- bt du vi Mobifone), nhung thi gian chm tr ln d gy nh hung dn qu trnh c phn
ha v pht hnh c phn ln du ra cng chng (PO) ca cc doanh nghip nh nuc (Cng
ty shu Nh nuc) ni chung.
B Lut Tn s V tuyn v Vin thng hin dang duoc tho lun l buc tin quan trong
hung ti mt khun kh php l ph hop cho ngnh. Chnh ph phi tao ra mt co ch diu
tit dc lp vi cc phuong tin v cng cu d bo dm su pht trin hon na ca ngnh v c
sn cc djch vu cho dt nuc. Cu th:
1. Canh tranh hy dit: y s l diu quan trong d tm ra mt su cn bng hop l gia cc
mc d canh tranh d d dp ng nhu cu ca khch hng v mi trung quy djnh cho php
tng trung trong di han v su tham gia ca cc cng ty hng du trong ngnh. Theo d,
Chnh ph nn xem xt cc quy djnh ti thiu ngn cn cc chin djch khuyn mi qu manh
gy thit hai nng n cho cc bn tham gia trong ngnh, v cui cng, gy nguy him cho ton
ngnh vin thng.
2. Quy hoach pht trin mang quc gia: Quy hoach pht trin mang quc gia phi tp trung
vo kh nng sn sng kt ni ln vi bng thng rng v su n djnh. Cuc canh tranh v gi
hin nay, dc bit l trong lnh vuc din thoai di dng, mc d lm gim nhanh gi tiu dng, c
th khng dm bo mt mi trung mang tnh thj trung d thu ht du tu lu di vo cosha
tng mang v cc djch vu.
3. L trnh v thi han c phn ho: Chnh ph cn dt nim tin cho cc doanh nghip khai
thc nuc ngoi, dc bit l cc doanh nghip Chu u d tin tung vo su pht trin ca Vit
Nam v sn sng du tu vo dt nuc ny vi cam kt lu di. Tuy nhin, nguyn vong du tu
vo Vit Nam ca ho c th bj nh hung nu tim nng du tu trong lnh vuc vin thng vn
chua th hin r nt, k c khi Vit Nam d c cc cam kt WTO r rng.
4. L trnh c phn ho : EuroCham tin rng c phn ha v vic cho php cc cng ty hng
du ca Chu u tham gia vo thj trung Vit Nam l lua chon tt nht d bo dm su tng
trung trong trung v di han ca Vit Nam trong ngnh vin thng. Nhng dng gp v
chuyn mn v kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia Chu u s gip cc nh lnh dao Vit Nam
trong lnh vuc vin thng. Do d, chng ti khuyn nghj rng Chnh ph Vit Nam dy nhanh
qu trnh c phn ho cc doanh nghip khai thc vin thng, bt du vi vic thng bo mt l
trnh dng tin cy v thi han nht djnh cho qu trnh c phn ha trong ngnh ny. Vai tr v
cc mong doi di vi cc nh du tu chin luoc nuc ngoi v cc tiu ch lua chon phi r
rng v minh bach.
III. KIN NGH[
HUMAN RESOURCES
n order to fuel the continued growth of Vietnam's economy as well as to remain a highly
attractive investment destination for European Companies, Vietnam's Human Resources are
of paramount importance. Anewdraft Labour Code Draft was issued in August 2009 and is due
st
to be valid from 1 January 2011. EuroCham has examined five key areas of this new draft
Labour Law(referred to as the 'NewLabour Law'.)
n the article 34 of the New Labour Law, the probation period: Shall not exceed one (1) month
for contracts of less than one year, shall not exceed two (2) months for contracts of more than
one year and less than three years, and shall not exceed three (3) months for contracts of more
than three years or indefinite contract. EuroCham believes that this article does not define the
length of probation period for contracts of exactly one year or three years: The maximum
duration of the probation period has been increased to 3 months, but it's still insufficient for
certain jobs requiring specific skills and some industries. Normally, enterprises in these
industries need about six (6) month probation to be sure about the competence of employees.
Recommendation: EuroCham believes that that the length of the probation period should not
be linked to the duration of the contract as the probation period is aimed to provide a framework
for identifying and sorting out any early difficulties which may occur in the performance of the
job, whatever the length of the contract is. Rather, EuroCham recommends having the
probation period based on the nature, the seniority or the technical nature of the job, similar to
some major countries in Europe. The standard duration of probation period should be from one
(1) to three (3) months, as defined in advance in the nternal Labour Regulations and Collective
Agreement of the Enterprise, in which there should also be an option to have up to six (6)
months probation period for specific and management jobs.
n the article 34 of the New Labour Law, the probation period is seen as an integral part of the
working time of the employee in respect of benefits etc. This article recommends a Labour
Contract to be signed from the date of the start of the employment inclusive of the Probation
Period. This helps to protect the employees from the current common practice of working with
only an 'offer letter' during the probation period and without any written Labour Contract.
However, signing a Labour Contract from the start of employment imposes a very large
administrative burden on the companies, particularly small- and medium sized ones due to the
current Labour Contracts registration and declaration deadlines with the labour authorities and
statutory insurances.
Recommendation: To protect the lawful rights and interests of employees, it should be
provided that the probationer is entitled to all legal rights and interests of employees during the
probation period. We suggest an extended or flexible registration period of new Labour
Contracts to three (3) calendar months (the probation period) from the start of employment, as
to allowmore time for the Enterprises to gather documentation and declare only the employees
that pass the probation period.
Article 120 of the NewLabour Lawrestricts the working time to 8 hours per day. This is different
to current Article 68 Labour Code, which restricts working to either 8 hours per day or 48 hours
I. DURATIONOF PROBATIONPERIOD
II. REGISTRATIONOF LABOURCONTRACTS
III. WORKING TIME
NGUN NHN LUC
101
Nhm tip tuc thc dy tng trung kinh t lin tuc ca Vit Nam cng nhu duy tr l dim du
tu hp dn di vi cc doanh nghip Chu u, ngun nhn luc ca Vit Nam dng vai tr ht
sc quan trong. Du tho Lut Lao dng d duoc ban hnh thng 8 nm 2009 v du kin s c
hiu luc t 1/1/2011. EuroCham d xem xt 5 lnh vuc then cht ca du tho Lut Lao dng
ny (sau dy goi l "Lut Lao dng mi").
Trong diu 34 ca Lut Lao dng mi, thi gian th vic: s khng qu mt (1) thng di vi
cc hop dng c thi han dui mt nm, s khng qu hai (2) thng di vi cc hop dng trn
mt nm v dui ba nm, v s khng qu ba (3) thng vi hop dng trn ba nm hoc khng
xc djnh thi han. EuroCham tin rng diu khon ny khng xc djnh thi gian th vic di vi
cc hop dng c thi han chnh xc mt nm hoc ba nm: thi han ti da ca thi gian th
vic duoc tng ln dn 3 thng, nhung vn chua d di vi cc cng vic nht djnh di hi k
nng cu th v mt s ngnh cu th. Thng thung, doanh nghip trong cc ngnh ny cn
khong su (6) thng th vic d dm bo v nng luc ca nhn vin.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham tin rng thi gian th vic khng nn gn vi thi han hop dng v thi
gian th vic nhm muc dch cung cp mt khun kh d sm xc djnh v gii quyt nhng
kh khn c th xy ra trong qu trnh thuc hin cng vic, bt k thi han ca hop dng ra
sao. Thay v vy, EuroCham kin nghj thi gian th vic nn dua vo bn cht thm nin hoc
bn cht k thut ca cng vic, tuong tu nhu cc quc gia ln ca Chu u, thi han chun
ca giai doan th vic phi t mt (1) dn ba (3) thng, nhu d xc djnh trn trong Quy djnh
Lao dng Quc t v Tha uc ca Doanh nghip, trong d cng cn c mt phuong n d c
giai doan th vic su (6) thng di vi cc cng vic dc th v qun l.
Trong diu 34 ca Lut Lao dng mi, thi gian th vic duoc coi nhu mt phn khng th tch
ri ca thi gian lm vic ca nhn vin trn phuong din cc loi ch, v.v. iu khon ny kin
nghj mt Hop dng lao dng phi duoc k t ngy bt du tuyn dung bao gm c thi gian
th vic. Vic ny gip bo v ngui lao dng trnh khi cc thng l lm vic chung hin nay
chi vi "thu mi lm vic" trong giai doan th vic v khng c Hop dng Lao dng. Tuy nhin,
vic k Hop dng Lao dng t ngy lm vic du tin gy ra mt gnh nng hnh chnh ln cho
cc cng ty, cu th l cc cng ty va v nh v th tuc dng k Hop dng Lao dng v cng b
thi han vi cc coquan chc trch v qun l lao dng v bo him bt buc.
Kin ngh[: bo v quyn loi ca ngui lao dng, cn phi quy djnh rng lao dng th vic
duoc hung moi quyn loi hop php nhu nhn vin trong thi gian th vic. Chng ti goi
rng thi gian dng k cc Hop dng Lao dng duoc ko di v linh hoat ti ba (3) thng
duong ljch (thi gian th vic) k t ngy bt du lm vic, nhm cho php doanh nghip c
nhiu thi gian hon d thu thp h sov chi tuyn b cho ngui lao dng no d qua thi gian
th vic.
iu 120 Lut Lao dng mi gii han thi gian lm vic l 8 ting mi ngy. iu ny khc vi
iu 68 trong Lut Lao dng hin hnh vi gii han thi gian lm vic l 8 gi mi ngy hoc
48 gi mi tun. EuroCham tin rng "8 hay 48 gi ny cho php linh hoat hon rt nhiu, dc
I. THI HANTHVIEC
II. NG KHQPNG LAO QNG
III. THI GIANLM VIEC
HUMAN RESOURCES
per week. EuroCham believes that this '8 or 48' gives far greater flexibility especially to those
companies that require shift work. Accordingly, removing the 'or 48' hours per week will cause
many issues in multiple industries especially where shift work is required.
Recommendation: We suggest that the existing 8 hours per day or 48 per week be retained
under the NewLabour Law.
Article 122 of the NewLabour Lawincreases the total overtime hours from 200 (as provided by
the current Labour Law) to 300 per year subject to a maximum 20 hours per week. EuroCham
notes that many employees tend to seek companies that allow overtime as the more overtime
they do the more money they can earn. n principle, overtime hours are not compulsory for
employees, but employees who are unable to do the volume of overtime they want with one
company often chose to take up a second job with another company. Such a situation is not
good for the employee or the two companies involved as far as commitment is concerned. Also
in certain industries such moonlighting can cause issues with ntellectual Property and
confidentiality issues. On the other hand, many companies need employees to work overtime
due to operational requirements mostly driven by customer demand such as a rush order in a
manufacturing Enterprise or seasonal fluctuations in hospitality and retail or in emergency
situations such as hospitals and firemen. Under the current legal framework, companies are
often required to overstaff in order to cater for these fluctuations and remain within the 300 hour
limit.
IV. OVERTIMEHOURS
C
Lega| erm|ss|b|e Max|mum(nours per Week)
Cvert|me ountry
Norma|

uS
Chlna
1halland
Malaysla
Slngapore
Cermany
lrance
vleLnam
40
40
48
48
40-43
48
39
48

Week
none
36
36
24
17
12
9
20

Month
none
136
136
104
72
48
36
23

ear
none
1,872
1,872
1,248
864
624
468
300
NGUN NHN LUC
103
bit l di vi nhng cng ty cn lm vic theo ca. Theo d, vic loai b "hoc 48" gimi tun
s gy ra nhiu vn d trong nhiu ngnh khc nhau, dc bit l nhng noi di hi lm vic
theo ca.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti d nghj rng gi nguyn 8 gi mi ngy hoc 48 gi mi tun trong Lut
Lao dng mi.
iu 22 ca Lut Lao dng mi tng tng thi gian lm thm git200 (nhu quy djnh trong B
Lut Lao dng hin hnh) ln dn 300 gi mi nm phu thuc vo ti da 20 gi mi tun.
EuroCham luu rng nhiu nhn vin c xu hung tm kim cc cng ty cho php lm thm
gi v cng nhiu gi lm thm ho cng kim duoc nhiu tin hon. V nguyn tc, gi lm
thm khng bt buc di vi ngui lao dng, nhung vi nhng ngui lao dng khng th lm
thm mt luong ln thi gian nhu ho mong mun vi mt cng ty, ho thung chon cch tm
thm mt cng vic th hai vi mt cng ty khc. Tnh hung nhu vy l khng tt di vi
ngui lao dng hay vi hai cng ty lin quan trn phuong din cam kt lin quan. Hon na,
trong nhng ngnh nht djnh, vic lm dm ngoi gi c th gy ra cc vn d v S hu tr
tu v cc vn d v bo mt. Mt khc, nhiu cng ty cn nhn cng lm vic ngoi gido cc
yu cu vn hnh phn ln t nhu cu ca khch hng, chng han don dt hng gp trong cc
doanh nghip ch tao hoc bin dng theo ma vu trong ngnh gii tr hoc bn l hoc cc
tnh hung khn cp nhu bnh vin v cu ha. Theo khun kh php lut hin hnh, cc cng
ty thung phi nhn thm nhn vin d dm bo nhng bin dng theo ma v duy tr gii han
300 gilm thm.
IV. GI LM THM
Ti da duc php theo Iut (gi trn tun)
Thi gian Im thm Quc gia
Thi gian
thng thung

uS
Chlna
1halland
Malaysla
Slngapore
Cermany
lrance
vleLnam
40
40
48
48
40-43
48
39
48

Tun
none
36
36
24
17
12
9
20

Thng
none
136
136
104
72
48
36
23

Nm
none
1,872
1,872
1,248
864
624
468
300
HUMAN RESOURCES
With regards to regional competitiveness, other countries in the ASEANarea and other regions
have significantly higher overtime limits (see chart where bold colour is the legal limit), with
Vietnam having the lowest (annual) legal limits in the region.
Recommendation: Flexibility over overtime hours is a necessity for companies in Vietnam to
retain their competitiveness. We would therefore suggest that companies and employees be
given the flexibility to exceed the 300 hours proposed under mutual agreement. Employees
should be allowed to work longer than the hours stated in their Labour contract if they agree to
work overtime. Any agreement to work overtime should be in writing (and signed) between both
the employee and the employer in which the employee shall not claim for any further overtime
hours, if any. These overtime limits should be defined clearly in the 'nternal Labour Rules /
Regulations' as well as the 'Collective Agreement' of the Enterprise.
Article 125 of the New Labour Law states that employees working in shifts must have a rest
period of at least 12 hours before commencing the next shift. This is the same rest period as
under the current Labour Law. EuroCham suggests that the rest period is modified and made
more flexible for various reasons:
- Many enterprises have a need to operate multiple shifts for sound business reasons such
as manufacturing lines that need to operate 24/7 or to cater for seasonal demand.
- Many industries need to operate 24/7 such as: hospitals, emergency services; public
utilities; oil drilling operations; refineries and Hotels. Adhering to a strict 12 hour gap places
operational strain as well as additional costs for the above industries.
- Flexibility over resting time between shifts is a necessity for companies in Vietnam to retain
their competitiveness as well as for Vietnam's emergency and public services to enable
their responsiveness
Recommendation: We suggest that Enterprises have greater flexibility with rest periods for
shift work and shift changes. n particular, we recommend: Resting time between should be no
less than 8 hours with a 'recommended rest' of 12 hours when working 8 hours/day; and the
number of times an employee can have less than a 12 hour rest period between shifts is limited
to a maximum 8 times per month and 2 times per week. Further, the resting time between shifts
should be defined clearly in the 'nternal Labour Regulations' as well as the 'Collective
V. RESTING TIMEBETWEENSHIFTS
NGUN NHN LUC
105
V mt kh nng canh tranh trong khu vuc, cc quc gia trong khu vuc ASEANv cc khu vuc
khc c cc gii han gilm thm cao hon dng k (tham kho thm bng dui dy, trong d,
phn bi dm l gii han theo php lut), vi Vit Nam c gii han theo lut thp nht khu vuc
(tnh theo nm).
Kin ngh[: Cc doanh nghip tai Vit Nam cn phi c gi lm thm linh hoat d duy tr tnh
canh tranh ca mnh. Do d, chng ti d nghj rng doanh nghip v ngui lao dng duoc
php linh dng trn 300 gi d nghj trong Tha thun chung. Ngui lao dng phi duoc php
lm vic di hon s gi nu trong Hop dng Lao dng nu ho dng lm vic thm gi. Moi
tha thun lm vic thm gi cn phi duoc lp thnh vn bn (v c ch k) gia hai bn:
ngui lao dng v ch lao dng; trong d, ngui lao dng s phi duoc tr tin cho s gi lm
thm, nu c. Gii han gilm thm ny s phi duoc xc djnh r rng trong 'Quy ch/Ni quy
lao dng ni b' cng nhu 'Tha thun lao dng tp th' ca doanh nghip.
iu 125 ca Lut Lao dng mi nu rng ngui lao dng lm vic theo ca phi c thi gian
nghi ti thiu 12 gi truc khi bt du ca mi. y l thi gian nghi ging nhu theo lut Lao
dng hin hnh. EuroCham d nghj thi gian nghi duoc sa lai v linh hoat hon v nhng l do:

- Nhiu doanh nghip c nhu cu hoat dng nhiu ca v cc l do kinh doanh lnh manh
chng han dy chuyn sn xut cn vn hnh 24/7 hoc d cung cp theo yu cu ma vu.
- Nhiu ngnh cn vn hnh 24/7 chng han: bnh vin, cc djch vu khn cp; tin ch cng
cng; hoat dng khoan du; loc du v khch san. Trung thnh vi 12 gi nghi s gy cn
trtrong hoat dng cng nhu chi ph tng di vi cc ngnh nhu trn.
- Cn c su linh hoat trong thi gian nghi gia ca di vi cc cng ty Vit Nam d ho duy tr
kh nng canh tranh cng nhu di vi cc djch vu cng v djch vu khn cp tai Vit nam d
cho php ho phn ng nhanh nhay.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti kin nghj rng cc doanh nghip nn duoc linh hoat hon trong thi gian
nghi di vi vic lm vic theo ca v thay di ca. Cu th, chng ti d nghj: thi gian nghi gia
gi khng nn dui 8 ting v thi gian nghi khuyn khch l 12 ting nu lm vic 8
ting/ngy; v s ln nghi ca ngui lao dng m c th dui 12 ting nghi gia cc ca l 8 ln
mi thng v 2 ln mi tun. Hon na, thi gian nghi gia cc ca phi duoc xc djnh r trong
'Quy ch lao dng ni b' cng nhu trong "Tha thun lao dng tp th ca cng ty vi diu
kin l thi gian nghi phi tun th cc quy djnh v lao dng.
V. NGH GIACA
TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS
I. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
II. RECOMMENDATIONSWITHREGARDSTO IMPROVING INFRASTRUCTURE
Vietnam has seen steady growth in this sector, with containerized sea freight alone rising at
annually around 20% over the past decade. The transportation and logistics sector consists of
shipping lines, air lines, freight forwarders, logistics service providers, air express operators,
port operators, warehouse operators, ground handling agents, customs clearance agents,
trucking companies, stevedoring services, and other companies with related services. The
transportation and logistics sector is particularly important for Vietnam's economy as it enables
the country to have a competitive supply chain and opens future markets for Vietnam, e.g. as a
transportation/trans-shipment hub. A substantial number of the Vietnamese population work
and will work within the transportation and logistics sector in the future. With the expansion of
this sector it is estimated that related employment will continue to increase in the future. We
therefore recommend developing vocational training as an addition to the existing university
programs in order to support the sector. Further, in order to assist companies involved in
transportation and logistics to plan their activities, coherent statistical data is needed. We
recommend issuing a reliable monthly statistical report covering all related import-export data
issued by the government.
Developing its infrastructure will be one of Vietnam's major tasks to reach competitiveness and
be integrated into global supply chains. A major challenge will be to synchronize the different
infrastructure types in order to increase the flowof goods throughout the whole supply chain. n
particular:
1. Port Infrastructure: We recommend further access channel clearing for Cai Mep and Thi
Vai seaports in order to accommodate ships longer than 350 meters. Additional dredging
needs to be finished soon in order to receive ships with draft over 14 meters as well as ships
fully loaded with bunker and containers which are needed to accommodate the Vietnam-
Europe loop. As Vietnam experienced port congestion in 2008, the demand versus capacity
projection showed a 20% deficit in capacity. t is recommended to expand port capacities by
20% to 25% per year to keep track with the growing volume.
2. Airport Infrastructure: We recommend additional warehousing space for cargo handling.
3. Road Infrastructure: n addition to roads being renewed we recommend additional new
planned road links and connections to cope with traffic now and in the future. Planned new
beltways in Ho Chi Minh City are highly welcomed and additional links to port and airport
infrastructure recommended in order increasing average speed on road infrastructure.
4. RaiIway Infrastructure: Connections with China/Kumming and Hanoi are recommended to
help Vietnamese producers reach the Chinese domestic market. t is recommended to enlarge
the cargo rail system, especially for linking ports with the key economic areas (e.g. for container
transfers between ports and key economic areas).
5. InIand Waterway Infrastructure: Recommendation of light signal systems for all
waterways and access channels in order to cope with the growing barging traffic.
GIAO THNG V HAU CN
107
I. KIN NGH[ TN G QUAN
II. CAC KIN NGH[ VPHAT TRIN CO S HATNG
Vit Nam d chng kin su tng trung du dn ca lnh vuc ny, chi tnh ring hng container
c mc tng trung hng nm vo khong 20%. Ngnh giao thng v hu cn bao gm cc
hng tu, hng hng khng, cc cng ty giao nhn, nh cung cp djch vu hu cn, nh khai thc
vn chuyn nhanh bng dung hng khng, nh khai thc cng, nh khai thc kho, dai l bc
d mt dt, dai l cung cp djch vu hi quan, cng ty vn chuyn, djch vu bc vc, v cc cng
ty khc vi cc djch vu lin quan. Ngnh giao thng v hu cn dng vai tr dc bit quan trong
trong nn kinh t Vit Nam v ngnh gip dt nuc c duoc mt chui cung ng canh tranh v
m ra nhng thj trung tuong lai cho Vit Nam, chng han nhu du mi giao thng/trung
chuyn. Mt b phn ln trong dn s Vit Nam dang v s lm vic trong ngnh giao thng v
hu cn . Vi su pht trin rn g ca ngnh ny, du don cohi vic lm s tip tuc gia tng trong
tuong lai. Qua d, chng ti kin nghj pht trin do tao ngh bn canh cc chuong trin h dai hoc
nhm h tro cho ngnh ny. Theo d, d h tro cho cc doanh nghip lin quan dn ngnh vn
ti v hu cn trong hoac h djnh hnh dn g, cn phi c co s d liu thn g k cht ch.
EuroCham kin nghj Chin h ph ban hnh mt bo co thn g k hng thng trong d th hin r
moi dliu ca Chnh ph lin quan dn hoat dn g xut nhp khu .
Pht trin co s ha tn g s l mt trong nhng nhim vu quan trong ca Vit Nam d tng tin h
can h tranh v c th ha nhp vo cc chui cung ng ton cu . Thch thc ln nht vn l
dng b ho gia cc loai hnh co s ha tng nhm tng cc lun g hng ha thng qua ton
chui cung ng. Cu th nhu sau:
1. Ha tng cng: Chng ti kin nghj mrn g lung vo cc khu cng Ci Mp v Thj Vi d c
th dn cc tu di hon 300m. n g thi hon tt sm vic nao vt d cc cng c th dn tu
vi muc nuc trn 14m cng nhu cc tu hng hoc tu container ti tron g ln nhm dp ng
tuyn vn ti Vit Nam Chu u. Do Vit Nam d tng tri qua thi gian bj ket cng trong nm
2008, cho thy nng luc dp ng ca cng so vi nhu cu vn ti/xp dhng ha dang mc
thm thut 20%. EuroCham kin nghj mrn g nng luc cung ng ca cc cng t20% dn 25%
hn g nm d theo kjp su pht trin v khi luon g hng ha.
2. Ha tng sn bay: Chng ti kin nghj mrn g thm din tic h kho cho vic xp dhng ha.
3. Ha tng dung: Bn can h cc tuyn dung hin dang duoc nng cp, chng ti kin nghj
hoac h djnh thm mt s tuyn dung kt ni d dp ng vi luong xe c luu thng hin nay v
trong tuong lai. Coquan chc nng cn phi hoac h djnh thm cc tuyn dung vnh dai mi
thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tuyn dong phu kt ni vi cc cng v sn bay nhm nng cao
tc d luu thng trung bin h trn ha tn g dung b.
4. Ha tng dung st: Vic kt ni tuyn dung st gia H Ni vi Trung Quc/Cn Minh s
gip hng ha Vit Nam tip cn thj trung Trung Quc. Co quan chc nng cn m rng
mang lui dung st, dc bit d kt ni cc cng bin vi cc khu kinh t trong dim (chng
han vic vn chuyn container gia cc cng v cc vng kinh t trong dim).
5. Ha tng vn ti thy ni d[a: Kin nghj xy dung h thng dn tn hiu cho tt c cc tuyn
dung thy ni dja v cc lung lach d dp ng kjp su pht trin ca cc di x lan.
III. RECOMMENDATIONSWITHREGARDSTO FREIGHT HANDLING
IV. RECOMMENDATIONSWITHREGARDSTO BARGING
V. RECOMMENDATIONSWITHREGARDSTO TRUCKING
VI. RECOMMENDATIONSWITHREGARDSTO CUSTOMSCLEARANCE
1. Sea freight and port charges: mproving seaport infrastructure would make it possible for
mother vessels to access Vietnam ports directly without transit in Singapore, Tanjung Pelepas,
etc. Vietnam ports could become hubs for sea freight cargo, increasing the range and volume
of logistics services offered in Vietnam. Port charges as per present government tariffs are high
in comparison with other South East Asian ports and a reduction of these port charges is
recommended in order to attract shipping lines entering Cai Mep Port as soon as possible,
establishing links with USAWest Coast and also with European ports.
2. Air Freight: Completion of proposed Long Thanh international airport will keep most of the
cargo traffic out of the inner city and newand extended airport facilities will ease cargo handling
in peak times. We recommend enabling logistics companies with respective training and
certification to consolidate directly in BUPs (Bulk Unit Program) air freight containers and
deliver them directly as built-up units to the airline handover points.
3. RaiI Freight: There are plans to build a high speed train connection between Hanoi and Ho
Chi Minh City. For the time being, we recommend providing a solution for cargo transport to
offer reliable transfer of goods by rail between the north, middle and south of Vietnam.
The barging sector in Vietnam is a highly competitive market, as it is a cheap mode of transport
for all kinds of goods, especially bulk goods for the building industry. However currently many of
the barges are overweight, causing accidents and therefore slowing down the rest of the
waterway traffic. We recommend arranging container and bulk freight via short sea vessels in
coastal transfer.
Trucks link the inland factories with the ports and airports and also play an important role for
domestic distribution. Speeding up trucking will decrease transit time and increase supply
chain quality. Road safety is an issue with trucking; additionally road quality influences break
downs which create congestion on roads. We recommend improving road quality and safety, in
particular by separating trucking from motorbike traffic on the most frequented streets and
motorways to increase traffic flowresulting in shorter trucking times and less fatal accidents.
ncreasing cargo volumes means increasing work load for customs authorities. n every
economy, inefficiencies in this area hinder trade development and have a negative effect on
imports/exports.
1. Recommendation of introducing a de minimus ruIe: Minimized customs clearance
requirements based on value and type of product, low value threshold. Automatic clearance
and an exemption from payment of taxes for shipments with minimal value. n these cases the
cost for collecting the duties and taxes will outweigh the revenue collected, the de minimus rule
will help to save cost, speed up handling processes and will increase Vietnam's import
competitiveness. Audit inspection via customs can still occur.
GIAO THNG V HAU CN
109
III. CAC KIN NGHI V VANTAI /XP DO
IV. KIN NGH[ LINQUANN VANCHUYENBANG XLAN
V. KIN NGH[ LINQUANN VANCHUYENBANG XETI
VI. KIN NGH[ VTHNG QUAN
1. Vn ti bin v chi phi cng bin : Vic nng cp co s ha tng cng bin s tao diu kin
cho cc tu me hon ton c th cp truc tip vo cc cng Vit Nam d ly hng thay v phi
qua cc cng trung chuyn nhu Singapore, Tanjung Pelepas,.. Cc cng Vit Nam c th tr
thnh cng du mi cho cho hng ha dung bin, qua d pht trin pham vi v s luong ca
djch vu hu cn duoc cung cp Vit Nam. iu cn luu l cc loai ph cng bin vn cao so
vi cc cng trong khu vuc ng Nam v cc loai ph ny cn duoc gim xung d thu ht
cc hng tu dn lm hng tai cng Ci Mp cng sm cng tt, khoi m cc tuyn hng hi
kt ni truc tip Vit Nam vi BTy Hoa Ky v cc cng chu u.
2. Vn chuyn bng dung khng: Vic hon tt sn bay quc t Long Thnh s gip vic
chuyn vn ti cc hng ha theo dung khng ra khi trung tm thnh ph; cc du n sn bay
mi va m rng cc sn bay hin tai s gip cho vic vn chuyn cc loai hng ha d dng
hon trong nhng lc cao dim. Chng ti kin nghj vic cp chng nhn cho cc cng ty hu
cn duoc hun luyn nghim tc, cho php thuc hin gom hng truc tip tai cc container BUP
v dua hng truc tip dn cc dim chuyn giao hng vn chuyn bng dung hng khng.
3. Vn chuyn bng dung st: Hin dang c cc k hoach xy dung tuyn dung st cao
tc gia H Ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Cho dn thi gian ny, chng ti kin nghj cung cp
gii php cho vic vn chuyn hng ha trn tuyn dung ny d cung cp mt phuong thc
vn chuyn hng ha dng tin cy gia 3 min Bc , Trung v Nam Vit Nam.
Thj trung vn chuyn bng x lan Vit Nam l mt thj trung c tnh canh tranh cao, v dy l
phuong tin vn chuyn hiu qu cho moi loai hng ha, dc bit l hng ri dnh cho cng
nghip xy dung. Tai thi dim ny nhiu x lan thung xuyn ch qu ti d gy ra tai nan v
do d lm gim hiu qu ca vic vn ti bng dung thy ni dja. Chng ti kin nghj vn
chuyn container v hng ri trn cc tuyn ven bin bng cc tu chay tuyn ngn trn bin.
Xe ti vn chuyn hng ha t cc nh my dn cng, sn bay v dng vai tr rt quan trong
trong phn phi ni dja. Vic dy nhanh tc d ca xe ti s lm gim thi gian qu cnh hng
ha v nng cao cht luong chui cung ng. Mt trong nhng vn d ca vn chuyn bng xe
ti l an ton giao thng; thm vo d cht luong dung s d lm xe hu hng, diu ny s tao
nn tnh trang ch tc trn dung. Chng ti kin nghj vic nng cao cht luong dung v an
ton giao thng, cu th l phn tch ln dung xe ti vi ln dung xe my trn cc tuyn
dung tron g dim v dung m t d tng luong xe ti luu thng, qua d lm gim thi gian
vn chuyn.
Hng ha tng dng ngha vi vic tng khi luong cng vic cho nhn vin hi quan. Trong bt
c nn kinh t no, su thiu hiu nng ca co quan ny du gy tr ngai cho pht trin thuong
mai v gy nh hung tiu cuc ln xut nhp khu.
1. Kin ngh[ vic gii thiu nguyn tc De Mininis: Gim thiu yu cu th tuc thng quan
dua trn gi trj v loai hng ha, ngung cho hng ha c gi trj thp. Thng quan tu dng v
2. Recommendation of enabIing pre-arrivaI cIearance: Checking based on documents
prior to arrival with a reduced physical check based on risk assessment from documentation
(change from 'physical control' to a 'documentary control' regime). Some physical control must
remain but only to supplement 'risk management' based activities (e.g.: profiling of consignors /
consignees). An effective pre-arrival clearance measure enables Customs to focus its
resources and efforts on high risk goods / activities and allows unimpeded delivery of other
goods. Successful pre-clearance does not depend on having an Electronic Data nterface
(ED) system. An ED system enhances efficiency in transferring data but it has been found that
the trade facilitation benefits of pre-clearance are equally effective in a manual environment.
3. Recommendation of compIete eIectronic customs soIution and to move it from test
phase to a Iive system: Enable all market participants to use e-customs solutions in order to
reduce paper work and speed up import and export processes. Latest ED format (Electronic
Data nterface) needed to cope with existing global links.
4. Recommendation of a unified and Iinked (EDI) infrastructure for customs: This will
increase supply chain quality and ease customs procedures such as temporary imports. t is
also recommended that customs authorities invest more into their T systems so that the
planned ED linkage and E-Customs procedures can work properly.
5. Recommendation of estabIishing a kind of Iicensing/registration record for customs
agents in Vietnam: This way, customs agents become more regulated, leading to higher
overall quality of customs services carried out by customs brokers.
6. Payment procedures: Customs duties and taxes must still be paid in cash for immediate
processing of shipments. Bank transfer is possible but needs bank receipt before processing
which is time consuming. We recommend allowing companies and individuals to deposit funds
to draw duties and fees from in order to have an additional and fast non-cash solution for
releasing shipments.
7. Standardized processes: t is recommended to standardize processes between different
customs zones in order to save time, work and money for both importers and exporters.
The newtaxation system effective January 2009 is a welcome change as instead of tax exempt
now0% VATis in place, easing handling of input VAT.
1. Recommendation to aIIow quotations: Allowing quotations, agreements with customers,
agreements with overseas partner companies and actual invoices to be accepted as contract
proof in order to qualify for 0% VAT. Further recommendation of clarifying what bank payment
evidence is needed.
2. Recommendation of cIarifying the invoicing under new VAT Iaw: Airlines and shipping
lines are considered to be within international transportation at 0% VAT; however, for
documents and parcels 10% VAT applies. For freight forwarders the transportation cost is at
0% VAT but the profit is taxed at 10% VAT. This can lead to uncertainty regarding treatment.
Even if transportation cost are at 0% VAT, for local handling, terminal handling charges, CFS
charges, container cleaning, etc. attract different VAT rates. This requires splitting invoices.
VII. RECOMMENDATIONSWITHREGARDSTO TAXESANDDUTIES
GIAO THNG V HAU CN
111
min tr vic thanh ton cc khon thu cho hng ha vi gi trj ti thiu. Trong nhng trung
hop ny, chi ph cho vic thu cc loai thu s ln hon l khon loi nhun thu vo, nguyn tc De
Minimis s gip ct gim chi ph, tng tc quy trnh lm hng v s tng mc d canh tranh ca
hng nhp khu vo Vit Nam. Vic kim ha hi quan vn c th xy ra bnh thung.
2. Kin ngh[ cho php thng quan truc khi hng dn: Vic kim tra tin hnh dua trn giy
ttruc khi hng dn kt hop vi vic gim kim tra thuc t dua trn nguyn tc dnh gi ri ro
t giy t (thay di t cch thc "kim sot thuc t sang "kim sot giy t). Mt s kim tra
thuc t vn phi duoc duy tr nhung chi b sung thm cc hoat dng "qun trj ri ro (chng han
xem xt h songui gi hng/nhn hng). Mt m hin h thng quan truc khi hng dn c hiu
qu s gip cho co quan hi quan tp trung cc ngun luc v t chc cng vic vo cc loai
hng ho/hoat dn g c d ri ro cao, v cho php vn chuyn lin tuc cc loai hng ho khc.
Su thnh cng ca m hin h thng quan truc khng h phu thuc vo vic phi c mt h thn g
Giao din dliu din t(ED Electronic Data nterface). H thn g ED gip nng cao hiu qu
trong chuyn giao dliu , nhung thuc t cho thy rn g, thng quan truc khi hng dn s dem
lai loi ic h thuong mai dng k ngay c khi duoc thuc hin trong mi trung th cng.
3. Kin ngh[ hon tt gii php hi quan din t v chuyn t giai doan th nghim dn
h thng thuc tin : Gip cho tt c cc bn tham gia thj trung s dung gii php hi quan
din t d gim cng vic giy tv dy nhanh tc d xut nhp khu hng ha. Cc djnh dang
trao di d liu din t (ED) cn thch ng vi cc kt ni ton cu.
4. Kin ngh[ trang b[ h thng EDI Iin kt v thng nht: Vic ny s gip nng cao cht
luong chui cung ng v don gin ha th tuc hi quan, chng han nhu nhp khu tam thi.
Chng ti cng kin nghj rng cn du tu hon na cho h thng Td cc kt ni ED v cc th
tuc hi quan din t c th hoat dng tt.
5. Kin ngh[ vic cng b d Iiu cp dng k/cp php cho cc dai I hi quan Vit
Nam: Bn g cch ny, hoat dn g ca dai l djch vu hi quan duoc qun l tt hon, dn dn vic
cc dic h vu hi quan duoc cc dai l mi gii khai thu hi quan cung cp tt hon.
6. Th tc thanh ton: Hin nay, thu hi quan v cc loai thu khc vn phi duoc chi tr bng
tin mt d x l hng ha ngay lp tc. Cng c th chuyn khon qua ngn hng nhung hin h
thc thanh ton ny vn tn thi gian v cn bin nhn ca ngn hng truc khi x l hng ha.
Chng ti kin nghj cho php cc cng ty v c nhn duoc k qu d c th thu cc khon thu
v ph t dy, nhm c thm gii php thanh ton nhanh chng v khng s dun g tin mt d
gii phng hng ha.
7. Chun ha cc quy trin h: EuroCham kin nghj chun ha cc quy trin h gia hi quan cc
vng khc nhau nhm tit kim thi gian, cng sc v chi ph cho c bn nhp khu v bn
xut khu .
H thng thu sut mi p dung t thng 1/2009 duoc xem l mt su thay di tch cuc v thay v
duoc min thu th nay p dung mc 0% thu gi trj gia tng (GTGT), gip qun l tt hon vn
d thu GTGTdu vo.
VII. CCVNVTHU
Recommendation of treating these local handling charges as a part of international
transportation and tax them at 0% VAT. For shipping lines the current taxation structure does
not fully take into account the principal & agent position which may result in a problematic
situation for shipping lines in Vietnam: Circular 13/2009/TT-BTC requires that principal pays a
VAT on all port services, including Stevedoring: When principal is an overseas organization,
they have no right to claim this VAT back. Until 2009, THC was recognized (as it is common
practice worldwide) as part of international transportation service, and as such not subject to
VAT. Recommendation of recognizing THC as part of the international transportation.
Principals are paying high VAT amounts on yearly basis for port services such as: reefer
containers plugging fees, storage, maintenance and repairs. Up to now no VAT can be
recovered from these services, adding this on top of the cost for international shipping.
3. Recommendation on Foreign Contractor WithhoIding Tax (FCWT): Taking into account
above VAT issue, principal intends to recover the corresponding amount of input VAT. At the
moment this is not possible as principals are not Vietnam based companies (thus with no VAT
number). The remaining solution for the principals is to bill part of the VAT which composes the
FCWT formula. However, this result in the collection of only 50% of the effective amount of
input VAT paid in Vietnam by them. Recommendation of further clarifying the position of
shipping lines / principals in order to keep the sea freight from and to Vietnam competitive with
other countries.
GIAO THNG V HAU CN
113
1. Kin ngh[ nn cho php cc Ioai bo gi: Cho php dng cc loai bo gi, hop dng vi
khch hng, hop dng vi cng ty di tc nuc ngoi v ho don thuc t lmbng chng ca
hop dng nhm duoc hung mc 0% thu GTGT. Ngoi ra, cn lm r thm l cn phi c cc
chng t thanh ton g vi ngn hng d lm bng chng.
2. Kin ngh[ nn Im r v vn d ho don theo Iut thu GTGT mi: Cc hng hng khng
v hng tu duoc hung mc % thu GTGT cho hoat dng vn ti quc t; tuy nhin p dung
10% thu GTGTcho cc vn kin v kin hng. i vi cc cng ty giao nhn, chi ph vn ti s
duoc hung mc thu GTGT 0% nhung loi nhun s phi chju 10% thu GTGT. iu ny c
th dn ti vn d khng r rng khi thuc hin. Ngay c khi chi ph vn chuyn ni b, cng ph,
ph kho CFS, ph v sinh container. duoc p dung mc 0% thu GTGT. iu ny doi hoi phai
tch cac ho don. Kin nghj nn xem nhng loai ph trn l mt phn trong quy trnh vn chuyn
quc t v nn p dung mc thu GTGT0%. i vi cc hng tu, h thng thu hin tai khng
hon ton tnh dn tru schnh v dai din stai v th c th gy kh khn cho cc hng ny tai
Vit Nam: Thng tu 13/2009/TT-BTC quy djnh rng tru s chnh phi chi tr mt phn thu
GTGTtrn tt c djch vu cng s dung bao gm xp d: Theo d, tru schnh l mt t chc
nuc ngoi s khng c quyn yu cu hon thu GTGT. n nm 2009, cng ph (theo thng
l quc t) duoc xem l mt phn ca djch vu vn ti quc t v v th khng chju thu GTGT.
Kin nghj nn xem cng ph l mt phn trong quy trnh vn chuyn quc t. Tru schnh dang
phi chju mc thu GTGT cao hng nm di vi cc djch vu cng nhu: ph chay din cho
container lm lanh, ph luu bi, ph bo tr v sa cha. Cho dn nay vn khng th hon thu
VATca cc djch vu trn, nn d lm tng thm chi ph cho cc hng vn chuyn quc t.
3. Thu tam thu ca nh thu nuc ngoi (FCWT): T vn d thu GTGT nu trn, c th
thy tru schnh mun duoc hon lai phn thu GTGTdu vo. Tuy nhin, diu ny khng th
thuc hin duoc vo thi dim hin nay do tru s chnh khng phi l cng ty c tru s Vit
Nam (v th khng c m s thu GTGT). Gii php kh thi cn lai cho tru schnh l thanh ton
mt phn thu GTGTtheo khung FCWT. Tuy nhin, diu ny dn ti vic tru schnh chi c th
hon thu dn 50% tn g s thu GTGTdu vo d dng tai Vit Nam. Kin nghj nn phn djnh
r hon vj th ca dai din hng tu/ tru schnh nhm duy tr mc ph vn ti hng hi dn/ di t
Vit Nam canh tranh vi cc quc gia khc.
TAX
I. INTRODUCTION
II. DEDUCTIBILITYOF ADVERTISING &PROMOTIONALEXPENDITURES
Over the last years, Vietnam's continuing efforts have improved its overall tax regime
significantly and EuroCham acknowledges the positive steps the government has taken to
date. n particular, we would like to thank the government for addressing our concerns raised in
the 2008 White Book and re-instating the favorable tax treatment of certain benefits in kind
provided to expatriates such as housing, schooling and relocation. We believe that this is
beneficial in making Vietnam competitive in terms of attracting international talent which will be
favorable to new foreign investment as well as the ongoing transfer of knowledge and skills to
Vietnamese.
We would also like to congratulate the government in taking swift action to lessen the potential
impact of the global financial crisis: Postponing and then eliminating Personal ncome Tax (PT)
clearly had a positive impact on the Vietnamese economy for the first half of 2009 and helped
avoid the down turns suffered by many neighboring countries in South East Asia. Eurocham
members have also benefited directly from other elements of the stimulus package for example
in the tourism sector through the reduction in VAT rates and by corporate tax reductions for
those which qualify as small and medium sized enterprises. They have also benefitted
indirectly from the increase in consumption resulting from the additional money that has been
put in people's pockets.
Vietnam's tax system has evolved remarkably over the past decade and this year has had
some major revisions as part of the third stage of tax reform with many welcome changes
including the reduction in the corporate income tax rate to 25%. The international trend is for
tax rates to reduce still further as countries compete for capital and expertise and we hope this
will also be the case in Vietnam. Overall foreign investors are attracted by a tax system that is
certain and transparent and the administrative burden in paying or seeking relief from tax is
minimized. Accordingly, EuroCham's primary objective is to promote clarity and simplicity in the
tax system and reduce the administrative burden on taxpayers. We have focused our
comments on a few representative tax issues which are currently being experienced by
EuroCham members but which are also we believe relevant to the wider business community
both foreign and Vietnamese. n particular:
Advertising and promotion is another means by which domestic consumption can be
stimulated and we are of the view should be encouraged at this time: Notwithstanding the
reduction in the Corporate ncome Tax (CT) Rate to 25%, many EuroCham members continue
to suffer effective tax rates of up 50% due to the limited deductibility of advertising and
st
promotional expenditures: The latest Corporate ncome Tax Law put into practice 1 January
2009 has increased the cap from 10% to 15%, however only for companies during the first 3
years of operations. The cap on advertising and promotional expenditure is also beginning to
have an increasing effect on locally owned Vietnamese companies as they are growing very
successfully due in part to their close knowledge of the local market.
Recommendation: EuroCham strongly believes that allowing full deductibility of advertising
and promotional expenditure will have a major positive effect on future economic development
in Vietnam, increase the attractiveness of Vietnam for long term investment, increase GDPper
capita, provide Vietnamese consumers a larger choice at lower prices, and encourage
THU
115
I. GII THIEU
II. KHUTRCHI PH QUNG CO &KHUYNMI
Trong vi nm tr lai dy, Vit Nam d n luc khng ngng trong tin trnh hon thin dng k
h thng co ch chnh sch thu. EuroCham chng ti xin by t lng cm on chn thnh ti
Chnh ph Vit Nam vi vic ban hnh k hoach hnh dng thit thuc nhm dp lai nhng vn
d m chng ti d dua ra trong tp sch Cc vn d Thuong mai &Khuyn nghj 2008 v d ti
p dung cc uu di v thu TNCNdi vi nhng loi ch bng vt cht nht djnh dnh cho ngui
nuc ngoi nhu nh , trung hoc v tro cp chuyn vng. Chng ti tin rng diu ny s gp
phn nng cao kh nng canh tranh ca Vit Nam trong vic thu ht nhn ti quc t, tao thun
loi cho tin trnh du tu nuc ngoi, cng nhu c th khng ngng nhn chuyn giao kin thc
v k nng cho ngui Vit Nam.
Chng ti cng xin chc mng Chnh ph d c nhng hnh dng kjp thi v mau chng d lm
gim bt tc dng ca cuc khng hong ti chnh ton cu. in hnh nhu vic gin np v
sau d min thu thu nhp c nhn (TNCN) r rng d c tc dng tch cuc di vi kinh t Vit
Nam trong na du nm 2009 v thot khi tnh trang kinh t suy sup m nhiu quc gia lng
ging trong khu vuc ng Nam phi gnh chju.
Cc thnh vin ca t chc Eurocham cng duoc hung loi truc tip t cc yu t khc ca gi
kch cu kinh t, v du nhu vic gim mc thu VAT trong lnh vuc du ljch, v chnh sch gim
thu TNDN cho cc di tuong doanh nghip c quy m va v nh. Bn canh d, ho cng c
duoc loi ch gin tip t vic tng trung tiu dng t ngun tin trong dn duoc tng thm t
chnh sch min gim thu.
H thng thu ca Vit Namd pht trin mt cch dng k trong thp k qua. L mt phn ca
giai doan thba trong chuong trnh ci cch thu, nmnay h thng cc sc thu d c mt s
thay di lnvquantrong, duoc dngdongui npthutipnhn, trongddngchnhul
vic diu chinh gim mc thu sut thu thu nhp doanh nghip (TNDN) xung 25%. Chnh
sch ny ph hop vi xu hung quc t ca nhiu quc gia l d cho mc thu sut gimhon
na vi muc tiu giduoc th manh canh tranh v vn v chuyn mn. Chng ti hy vong rng
diunycngstrthnhhinthucdi vi trunghopcaVit Nam
Dui dy, chngti xinduaramt s kintptrungvovi vndtiubiuvthumhinnay
nhiu thnh vin EuroCham dang gp phi, nhung mt khc d cng l nhng vn d m
chng ti cho l c nh hung rng ln dn cng dng doanh nghip trong nuc ln nuc
ngoi. Cuth:

Qung co &khuyn mi l mt phuong tin nhm kch thch nhu cu tiu dng trong nuc, v
chng ti cho rng vic ny cn duoc khuyn khch trong giai doan ny. Mc d thu sut thu
TNDNd duoc gim xung cn 25%, nhiu thnh vin EuroCham vn phi tr thu TNDNln
ti mc thu sut thuc t l 50%, do khng duoc tr chi ph qung co v tip thj. Mc gii han
cho muc dch tnh thu ca phn chi ph qung co v khuyn mi cng bt du gia tng, nh
hung ti cc cng ty Vit Namtrong khi ho dang trn d pht trin rt thnh cng, mt phn
nhvo kin thc c duoc v thj trung ni dja.
Kinngh[: EuroChamtinrngvic chophpchi ph qungcovtipthj duoc khutrtonb
s c tc dng rt tch cuc trong tin trnh pht trin kinh t trong tuong lai Vit Nam, lmtng
sc hp dn ca Vit Namcho du tu di han, tng GDP bnh qun du ngui, cung cp cho
TAX
Vietnamese businesses to start to build their brands. We believe that now is the right time for
Vietnam to fully remove the restriction. We therefore recommend that advertising and
promotional expenditure is recognized as a normal business expense and is eliminated from
expenses with restricted deductibility. f it cannot be removed, EuroCham believes that only the
publication of a committed roadmap towards the full removal of the A&Ptax cap in the CT law
by 2012 or earlier will create confidence within the European business community. Any such
implementation guidelines should again widen the scope of eligible items for tax deduction thus
reducing the negative tax impact under the newCTlaw.
EuroCham members include many companies in the international transportation and related
industries in Vietnam. Accordingly, tax issues relating to international transportation have been
high on EuroCham's agenda. We are appreciative of the change, effective January 2009
replacing the previous VAT exemption for international transportation with VAT zero rating
which is positive in allowing the recovery of input VAT. However, EuroCham notes that some
changes with respect to VAT have unfortunately caused some difficulties. There have also
been difficulties in claiming tax treaty relief for corporate tax (see below).

There are also a number of related services that are an essential part of the international
transportation of goods which we submit should also be zero rated as is generally the case in
other countries. n addition the zero rating of the international delivery of documents and
parcels rather than being subject to 10% VAT would be more consistent with international
practice. To apply zero rating to these services will keep the cost of freight from and to Vietnam
competitive with other countries which will have a positive impact for Vietnamese exporters. t
would also resolve the practical issues which are causing great difficulties in implementing
separate treatment for international transportation and the arranging of that transportation as
well as other related services subject to different VATrates.
To summarize some of the issues: While the services of airlines and shipping lines are
considered to be international transportation subject to 0% VAT freight forwarding is subject to
VAT at 10%. For freight forwarders the transportation cost is zero rated for VAT purposes but
the profit element is subject to 10% VAT. This is a significant issue for accounting and reporting
purposes. Further clarity has been requested on whether invoices should be divided into both
zero rated invoices and 10% VATinvoices. This means disclosing the margin (taxed at 10%) to
customers which is not a reasonable outcome for any business.
We submit that as in most other countries with a VAT system that freight forwarding i.e.
arranging the transportation of goods from Vietnam to overseas should also be treated as part
of international transportation and zero rated. As a general principle within the VAT Law we
believe that the arranging a service that is VAT zero rated should also be zero rated. Even if
transportation costs are zero rated for VAT purposes there are still many traditional services
that are not included in the zero rated treatment such as, documentation fees, demurrage,
detention, container cleaning, terminal handling and a number of other charges to which
different VAT rates apply. This leads to difficulties in compliance, inconsistent treatment in the
industry and the potential for income shifting and other abuses.
Recommendation: We recommend that for ease of compliance, to encourage the export
sector in Vietnam and to be consistent with most other countries that freight forwarding
III. VAT ONINTERNATIONALTRANSPORTATION
THU
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ngui tiu dng Vit Nam nhiu su lua chon hon vi gi c thp hon, v khuyn khch cc
doanh nghip Vit Nambt du xy dung thuong hiu ca mnh. Chng ti tin rng by gi l
thi dimthch hop cho Vit Namd hon ton loai b gii han trn. Theo d, chng ti d xut
vic phn loai chi ph qung co v khuyn mi vo chi ph kinh doanh hop l thng thung, v
loai trrakhi danhmucccchi ph bj gii hanchomucdchtnhthuTNDN.
EuroCham c nhiu thnh vin l cng ty hoat dng trong lnh vuc vn ti quc t v cc ngnh
ngh lin quan tai Vit Nam. Do d, cc vn d v thu di vi vn ti quc t thung l tm
dim chnh trong chuong trnh tho lun ca y ban Thu. Chng ti dnh gi cao nhng chnh
sch thay di, c hiu luc t thng Ging nm 2009, thay th vic min thu VATdu ra cho vn
ti quc t truc dy bng thu sut 0% duoc xem l mt buc chuyn tch cuc trong vic cho
php vic thu hi tin thu GTGTdu vo. Tuy nhin, EuroCham cng nhn thy c mt s thay
di khc, d gy ra vi trngai dng tic. ng thi, d xut hin mt vi kh khn trong vic xin
min gim theo Hip djnh trnh dnh thu hai ln di vi thu TNDN (xin vui lng tham kho
phn dui).
C mt s djch vu lin quan l mt phn thit yu ca vn ti hng ha quc t m chng ti d
d cp dng l cng duoc hung thu sut 0% nhu thung duoc p dung cc nuc khc.
Ngoi ra, thay v phi chju thu GTGT 10%, mc thu sut 0% nn duoc p dung cho djch vu
giao nhn quc t (chuyn pht nhanh) di vi ti liu v buu kin, ph hop vi thng l quc t.
Vic p dung mc 0% cho cc loai hnh djch vu ny s gip cho chi ph vn chuyn hng ha t
Vit Nam ra nuc ngoi v t nuc ngoi dn Vit Nam c sc canh tranh vi cc nuc khc,
do d s c tc dng tch cuc cho cc nh xut khu Vit Nam. N cng s gii quyt cc vn d
thuc t hin gy ra nhng kh khn ln trong vic thuc hin chnh sch ring l cho hoat dng
vn ti quc t v cc djch vu phu troc lin quan dn hoat dng vn ti hin dang chju cc mc
thu GTGTkhc nhau.
Ni tm lai: trong khi djch vu ca cc hng hng khng v vn chuyn hng hi duoc coi l giao
thng vn ti quc t v chju thu GTGTmc 0% th djch vu giao nhn hng ha lai phi chju
thu GTGT10%. i vi nh giao nhn hng ha, chi ph vn chuyn chju thu sut 0% d tnh
thu GTGT trong khi phn loi nhun lai chju mc thu sut l 10%. y l mt vn d quan
trong cho muc dch k ton v bo co. Mt diu na cng cn lm r l c nn hay khng nn
chia ha don GTGT thnh cc ho don 0% v 10%. Vic ny cng ging nhu tit l cho khch
hng bit v phn loi nhun kim duoc (chju thu 10%) trn gi trj hop dng, diu m khng
doanh nghip no mong mun. Chng ti lp lun trn cosrng, ging nhu sc thu GTGT
hu ht cc quc gia khc, djch vu giao nhn hng ha, nhu mt cng doan sp xp chun bj
cho vic vn chuyn hng ha t Vit Nam ra nuc ngoi, cng nn duoc xem nhu mt phn
trong hoat dng vn ti quc t v chju mc thu 0%. V theo nguyn tc chung trong Lut thu
GTGT, chng ti tin rng djch vu sp xp chun bj cho mt djch vu chju thu GTGT 0% cng
nn chju mc thu sut 0%.
Ngay c khi chi ph vn chuyn bj dnh mc 0% cho muc dch tnh thu GTGT, vn cn nhiu
djch vu phu tro truyn thng khc khng nm trong danh muc chju thu 0% nhu l l ph lm
giy t, luu bi, tam gi hng, v sinh container, xp dcontainer v mt s khon ph khc m
mi djch vu d lai p dung mt mc thu GTGT khc nhau. iu ny dn ti kh khn trong
cng tc tun th, cch thc gii quyt khng dng b trong ngnh v tao tin d cho thao tng
thu nhp v nhng lam dung khc.
III. THUGTGT PDUNG CHO HOAT QNG VANTI QUCT
TAX
services as well as ancillary services integral to international transportation such as
documentation fees, demurrage, detention, container cleaning, terminal handling are treated
as zero rated.
Many countries do not address the tax treatment of reorganizations until a later stage in the
development of their tax systems. However, in Vietnam, restructuring is becoming common
for local and foreign owned groups for many reasons including improving efficiency and to
realign corporate strategies. Accordingly, the tax treatment of corporate restructuring is a key
area that should be further developed.

Currently, Vietnam's tax laws and regulations do not provide specific provisions on the tax
treatment of corporate restructurings other than some limited provisions for restructuring
taking a specific regulated form e.g. merger or demerger. EuroCham believes this is an area
that merits future attention and resources to help prepare the tax system to keep pace with the
level of development expected over the next few years. Currently, there are no clear
provisions for defining tax free reorganizations or the conditions that could lead for tax free
treatment of certain transactions that are undertaken not as a part of normal business
operations. There have been some official letters allowing tax free restructurings involving
the transfer of shares but these are taxpayer-specific and do not provide detailed guidance for
taxpayers in general.
Recommendation:
We believe it would be beneficial for the Government to provide guidance on certain
special transactions typically carried out as part of the corporate reorganization
process. Once this process is complete, if certain restructurings were to meet the
required conditions and qualify for such treatment.
The authorities should consider introducing an intra-group reorganization
exemption that would allow investors to change the ownership of their subsidiaries
to better coordinate with regional or global restructuring needs.
One area where official guidance would be helpful would be in clarifying the
approach to and allowing such restructuring transactions to be completed at
historical book cost so that no taxable gain would be recognized on these simple
changes in form or location of business operations. Allowing such treatment would
encourage the free flow of capital into Vietnam and would also allow Vietnamese
business operations to capture efficiencies necessary to compete globally. Since we
consider that a restructuring is not a transaction that is in the normal course of
business it seems that it would be more reasonable to carry over the historic cost
basis and in this way the assets would be treated consistently and uniformly with the
assets already held by the acquiring entity in the reorganization. This would expand
on and reinforce the official letters and unofficial guidance that has been provided to
date and provide a unified tax framework to support such transactions.
We recommend that consideration be given to drafting a comprehensive framework
for the taxation of restructuring including both the corporate income tax and VAT
consequences.
IV. CORPORATERESTRUCTURINGS

THU
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Kin ngh[: Chng ti xin d xut rng, cho muc dch d dng thuc hin tun th, nhm khuyn
khch cc ngnh xut khu tai Vit Nam v d cho ph hop vi thng l tai hu ht cc quc gia
khc, cc djch vu giao nhn vn ti hng ha cng nhu cc djch vu phu trothit yu di vi vn
ti quc t nhu chi ph lm giy t, luu bi, tam gi hng, v sinh container, xp d container,
nn duoc xem l djch vu chju thu GTGT0%.
Nhiu quc gia khng quan tmgii quyt vn d thu ca doanh nghip ti cocu cho mi dn
giai doan sau ca vic pht trin h thng thu ca ho. Tuy nhin, tai Vit Nam, ti cocu doanh
nghip dang trnn ph bin cho cc tp don trong nuc v cc tp don nuc ngoi v nhiu
l do, bao gmc vic ci thin hiu qu v d t chc lai cho ph hop vi chin luoc chung ca
doanh nghip. Theo d, phuong thc x l u di vi doanh nghip ti co cu l mt vn d
quantrongcnphi duocpht trinthm.

Hin nay, lut v cc quy djnh ca thu Vit Nam khng cung cp quy djnh cu th v cch x l
thu ca doanh nghip ti cocu (ngoi mt s quy djnh chung chung di vi ti cocu) v chi
dua trn mt s trung hop din hnh cu th, v du: sp nhp v chia tch doanh nghip.
EuroCham tin rng dy l vn d cn c su quan tm ch dng mc v tp trung cc ngun
luc trong tuong lai gn d gip soan tho h thng thu nhm bt kjp vi trnh d pht trin du
kin trong vi nm ti. Hin nay, chua c quy djnh r rng d xc djnh th no l doanh nghip
ti cocu duoc min thu hoc cc diu kin m c th dn d vic min thu cho mt vi giao
djch nht djnh khng phi l mt phn ca hoat dng kinh doanh. c mt s cng vn cho
php hoat dng ti co cu duoc min thu di vi vic chuyn nhuong c phn, nhung chi
duoc p dung ring di vi don vj gi cng vn di m khng c cung cp hung dn chi tit cho
cc di tuong dng thu ni chung.
Kin ngh[:
Chng ti tin rng s c loi cho Chnh ph nu dua ra hung dn cu th di v nhng
giao djch dc bit thung duoc thuc hin nhu mt phn trong qu trnh ti co cu
doanh nghip. Sau khi qu trnh ny hon tt, mt s hoat dng ti co cu nht djnh
phi dp ng duoc cc diu kin cn v d d duoc gii quyt theo hung dn trn.
Cc co quan hu quan nn xem xt chnh sch min thu cho hoat dng ti co cu
gia cc cng ty trong cng tp don vi nhau. iu ny s cho php cc nh du tu
thay di quyn shu ca cc cng ty con d ph hop hon vi nhu cu ti cocu cho
tng khu vuc ni ring hoc ton cu ni chung.
Mt trong nhng vn d m hung dn cu th tcoquan hu quan s trnn hu ch
lvic gii thchrcc cchtipcnvchophpcc giaodjchti cocunhutrnduoc
ghi nhn theo gi trj s sch d khng pht sinh thu nhp chju thu di vi nhng thay
di donginvhnhthchocdjadimhoat dngkinhdoanh. Cchthcxl nhuvy
s khuyn khch dng vn nuc ngoi duoc tu do dua vo Vit Namv cng s cho
php hoat dng kinh doanh Vit Namdat hiu qu hoat dng cn thit d canh tranh
trn thj trung quc t. V chng ti nhn djnh rng ti co cu khng phi l mt giao
djch trong hoat dng kinh doanh thung nht, nn c l s l hop l hon nu giao djch
duoc thuc hin v ghi nhn trn cosgi gc/ gi trj ghi s. Bng cch ny, ti sn ca
doanh nghip s duoc ghi nhn mt cch nht qun v thng nht vi ti sn do cc
doanhnghipbj spnhpshusaukhi dcoculai. iunysmrngvcngc
cc cng vn v cc hung dn khng chnh thc d duoc dua ra cho dn nay v tao
nnmt cocuthuthngnht nhmhtroccgiaodjchnhuvy.
IV. TI CO CU DOANH NGHIEP
TAX
V. TAXTREATIES
VI. STATUTORYLIMITATIONPERIOD
Taxpayers operating in and with Vietnam are fortunate in that Vietnam has a wide tax treaty
network with treaties with more than 50 countries. However, in the past the process of
benefitting from these treaties has not been straightforward. n most countries a taxpayer can
self assess their entitlement to relief under a tax treaty. Therefore when Circular 60 in 2007
generally introduced self-assessment for entitlement to relief under tax treaties this was greatly
welcomed by international businesses and globally mobile individuals. Although the new
guidelines under Circular 60 greatly simplified the previous approach under the Circular 133,
some issues remain.
Recently, the Ministry of Finance has been informed by taxpayers of obstacles in implementing
the procedures under tax treaties. A recent official letter issued by the MOF, No: 2492 / BTC-
TCT stated that income from loan interest would be covered under the procedures of
applicable DTA as stipulated in Circular 60/2007/TT-BTC ("Circular 60) but income from
capital transfer would be covered under the procedures applicable DTAas stipulated in Circular
133/2004/TT-BTCon December 31, 2004 ("Circular 133).
Recommendation: EuroCham believes that referring back to Circular 133 leads to uncertainty
and causes a great deal of confusion for both tax payers and the tax authorities. Amuch better
approach would be for all new rules regarding the implementation of tax treaties to be in one
regulation, Circular 60. This approach would lead to consistency, transparency and avoid the
potential risks associated with not knowing which provisions of the old Circular 133 are still valid
and which ones have been superseded by the newCircular.
We understand the intention of the government has been to implement self assessment
however having two sets of rules leads to the potential varying interpretations at the local
authority level. There is a risk that from a practical perspective that officials will use familiar
procedures and ignore new ones included in Circular 60 due to lack of information or
experience in applying such new procedures. We also note that the widen scope of personal
income tax will mean that individuals will need to have greater recourse to tax treaties to claim
tax relief in this case a simpler process consistent with the principle of self assessment should
be possible.
We therefore recommend that Circular 60 is revised so that the Circular can be referred as one
single comprehensive code for guidance in relation to all areas in which treaty relief is able to be
claimed and that obtaining such relief is simplified consistent with the principle of self
assessment. Circular 133 should be specifically repealed.
The statutory limitation period is a key area of concern for foreign investors. The statutory
limitation period for re-assessment of tax can currently be interpreted as unlimited. This is the
cause for much concern among our members. Currently, according to the Law on Tax
Administration, the statutory limitation applies only for penalties, not for tax arrears. This means
that tax authorities and companies have the right to adjust tax obligations for an unlimited
period of time if there are any mistakes or misunderstandings.
As it currently stands, the tax authorities have the right to make tax adjustments arguably for an
unlimited years from the tax year in which the transaction occurred. This would be difficult to
THU
121
Chng ti khuyn nghj rng nhng ni dung trn cn duoc xem xt v dua vo trong
qu trnh soan tho mt co cu ton din v cc chnh sch thu p dung cho hoat
dng ti cocu, bao gm c nhng h qu v thu TNDNv thu GTGT.
i tuong np thu hoat dng trong lnh th Vit Nam hoc vi Vit Nam s duoc hung
nhng hip djnh v thu m Vit Nam d k kt vi hon 50 quc gia. Truc dy, vic p dung
cc hip djnh v thu khng duoc thuc hin mt cch ci m. hu ht cc quc gia, ngui
np thu tu dnh gi cc loi ch thu duoc hung theo hip djnh v thu. Do d, 60/2007/TT-
BTC ("Thng tu 60) dua ra nhng hung dn v cch p dung hip djnh d duoc gim thu
theo co ch tu khai tu np d duoc su hung ng nng nhit ca cc cng ty da quc gia v
chuyn gia lm vic nhiu nuc khc nhau. Mc d nhng hung dn mi trong Thng tu 60
d don gin ha mt s th tuc duoc d cp truc dy trong Thng tu 133, nhung mt s vn
d phc tap vn cn tn tai.
Gn dy, B Ti chnh (BTC) d nhn duoc phn hi t ngui np thu v nhng trngai trong
vic thuc hin th tuc p dung hip djnh v thu. Trong cng vn s 2492/BTC-TCTduoc BTC
ban hnh gn dy, thu nhp t li tin vay thuc di tuong diu chinh v p dung hip djnh trnh
dnh thu hai ln, thuc hin theo quy djnh tai Thng tu 60, nhung thu nhp t chuyn nhuong
vn lai duoc thuc hin theo th tuc quy djnh tai Thng tu 133/2004/TT-BTC ngy 31/12/2004
("Thng tu 133).
Kin ngh[: EuroCham cho rng vic p dung dua trn Thng tu 133 s dn dn quy djnh khng
r rng v tao ra nhiu nhm ln cho c ngui np thu v coquan thu. Chng ti tin moi vic
s d dng hon khi m phuong php v th tuc p dung hip djnh v thu duoc tham chiu ti
mt vn bn php lut duy nht l Thng tu 60. Phuong php ny s dm bo su thng nht, r
rng, v trnh duoc nhng ri ro tim n lin quan ti vic khng xc djnh r duoc nhng diu
khon no ca Thng tu 133 c vn cn hiu luc hay d duoc thay th bi Thng tu mi.
Chng ti hiu rng muc dch ca Chnh ph l thuc hin vic tu dnh gi p dung hip djnh.
Tuy nhin, vic tn tai quy djnh trong hai vn bn s dn dn nhng din gii khc nhau cc
coquan thu dja phuong. Thm vo d, c mt ri ro bt ngun t quan dim thuc t l cc cn
b thu c xu hung p dung nhng th tuc quen thuc v khng p dung nhng quy djnh mi
trong Thng tu 60, do thiu thng tin v kinh nghim trong vic p dung nhng th tuc mi.
Chng ti cng nhn thy rng vic m rng pham vi di tuong p dung ca thu TNCN c
ngha l c nhn s cn phi trng cy nhiu hon vo hip djnh d xin gim tr thu, trong
trung hop ny, mt quy trnh don gin theo quan dim tu dnh gi hoc tu khai tu np l c
th thuc hin duoc.
Do d, chng ti khuyn nghj rng Thng tu 60 nn duoc xem xt chinh sa lai d duoc s
dung nhu mt ti liu hung dn dy d nht cho cc th tuc hnh chnh lin quan dn moi sc
thu, trong d cc th tuc lin quan dn vic gim tr thu theo hip djnh thu s duoc don
gin ha v ph hop vi nhng quy tc ca co ch tu khai tu np. c bit, Thng tu 133 cn
duoc hy b.
Gii han thi gian hi t l mt vn d quan tm chnh di vi nh du tu nuc ngoi. Thi gian
hi t hin tai duoc hiu l khng gii han. y cng l mi quan tm ca cc thnh vin ca
V. PDUNG HIEP[NHVTHU
VI. GII HANTHI GIANHI T
TAX
implement for both tax authorities and taxpayers. Moreover, this is not appropriate as it causes
unnecessary delays in business due to such inability to minimize and manage past risks within
a reasonable timeframe to be able to focus on the future growth and needs of a business by its
management.
t is also unclear from the point of view of strategic investors considering investing into
companies in Vietnam howfar potential tax liabilities may extend into the past. This is the case
where the regulations may not have been as clear in the past. We do not however believe that
the tax authorities should not have the power to go back more than five years in all cases. We
believe that the tax authorities should be able to reassess back further than five years in cases
of tax evasion.
Recommendation: We therefore recommend that the five-year statutory limitation on re-
assessment of tax obligations is re-instated.
An important issue has been raised by our members regarding and the use of losses for
corporate income tax purposes as a part of their diversification and risk management
strategies. Many companies diversify as they expand and this clearly creates more jobs,
builds expertise and spreads the risk of the company or group of related companies of failing
should there be some type of unforeseen events such as a natural disaster or economic crisis
in an industry.
t is widely viewed that such risk management techniques as diversification are good for
businesses and for society and should be encouraged. One such way that governments can
support diversification is by allowing groups of companies that are owned or managed as
related parties to offset losses from one company against the gains of another related
company. n this way, the government gives added incentives for companies to diversify and
generally be in a better position to survive down cycles in their core businesses or to invest in
important business ventures that may be less profitable in the short term due to high start up
costs or capital requirements.
Recommendation: We request the government considers promoting business through
granting the ability to use such related party group losses to offset gains from other members of
the same corporate group as many other countries already do.
Customs authorities applying imputed values of intellectual property in the form of royalties on
imported goods has been a major issue recently. The valuation of intellectual property is often
difficult and fraught with numerous potential pitfalls. EuroCham seeks to raise awareness of the
need for greater clarity on the challenges of meeting all multi-lateral and bi-lateral treaty
obligations for the valuation of goods for customs purposes with a specific focus on intellectual
property and royalties. The key issue focuses on the difficulty in the government being able to
accurately capture the value of intellectual property on goods when no such agreements are in
place. This would seem to be a fairly difficult area for the authorities to confidently determine
the value of such royalties. Since by its nature intellectual property is very specialized making
any form of benchmarking or comparable analysis difficult and open to potential
misinterpretation.
VII. LOSSOFFSETS
VIII. CUSTOMSVALUATIONOF INTELLECTUALPROPERTY
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chng ti. Hin nay, theo Lut Qun l thu, gii han thi gian hi t chi p dung cho x phat
hnh chnh, khng p dung cho vic thanh tra thu. iu ny c ngha l co quan thu v cc
doanh nghip c quyn diu chinh ngha vu thu trong khong thi gian khng gii han nu c
bt c sai st hay nhm ln no xy ra.
Dua vo d, co quan thu c quyn diu chinh thu v thi han k t nm tnh thu khi giao
dich xy ra. iu ny s kh thuc hin cho c co quan thu v ngui np thu. Hon na, diu
ny khng thch hop bi v n gy ra nhng tr hon khng cn thit trong kinh doanh, v doanh
nghip s khng c kh nng d gim thiu v qun l nhng ri ro trong qu kh trong khong
thi gian hop l, dng thi ban qun l cng kh c th tp trung vo vic pht trin vic kinh
doanh cng nhu xc djnh nhng nhu cu cn thit ca doanh nghip trong tuong lai.

Theo quan dim ca nhng nh du tu chin luoc khi cn nhc quyt djnh du tu vo nhng
cng ty Vit Nam, vn d ny cng dn dn su khng r rng trong xc djnh liu ngha vu thu
c th bj ko di bao lu trong qu kh. y l trung hop m cc quy djnh khng r rng t
truc. Tuy nhin, chng ti cho rng co quan thu khng nn truy thu qu thi dim 5 nm v
truc trong moi trung hop m chi nn truy thu qu 5 nm v truc trong trung hop xc djnh
l trn thu.
Kin ngh[: Do d, chng ti d xut rng gii han thi gian hi t l 5 nm cho vic thanh tra
ngha vu thu nn duoc khi phuc.
Cc thnh vin ca chng ti cng nu ln mt vn d quan trong lin quan ti cch gii quyt
cc khon l cho muc dch tnh thu TNDNnhu l mt phn ca chin luoc qun l ri ro v da
dang ha hoat dng. Nhiu cng ty thuc hin vic da dang ha khi ho mrng kinh doanh v r
rng diu ny s tao ra nhiu vic lm, xy dung k nng chuyn mn, dng thi dn tri ri ro
thua l ca cng ty v tp don truc nhng su kin khng tin liu duoc nhu thin tai hoc
khng hong kinh t trong ngnh cng nghip no d.
a phn nhng phuong php qun l ri ro nhu hoat dng da dang ha l cn thit cho doanh
nghip, x hi v cn duoc khuyn khch. Mt vic m Chnh ph c th thuc hin nhm h tro
vic da dang ha bng cch cho php cc cng ty duoc s hu v qun l trong cng mt tp
don duoc b tr l t mt cng ty ny sang mt cng ty c mi quan h lin quan khc. Bng
cch ny, Chnh ph cc doanh nghip duoc hung thm uu di nhm khuyn khch thuc hin
vic da dang ha hoat dng kinh doanh v nhn chung, gip doanh nghip c co hi tt hon d
tn tai trong giai doan suy gim trong chu ky kinh doanh ca doanh nghip hoc khi du tu vo
nhng du n quan trong m kh nng sinh li km trong thi gian du do chi ph thnh lp cao
hoc yu cu v vn ln.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj Chnh ph nn cn nhc vic khuyn khch doanh nghip
du tu thng qua vic cho php cc cng ty lin quan trong cng mt tp don s dung nhng
khon l ca cc thnh vin ny d b tr vo khon loi nhun t cc thnh vin khc trong
cng tp don nhu nhng quc gia khc vn dang lm.
Vic co quan hi quan p dung gi trj du vo ca ti sn s hu tr tu dui hnh thc gi trj
bn quyn trn hng ho nhp khu l mt vn d ln pht sinh gn dy. Vic djnh gi ti sn tr
tu thung rt kh khn v c nhiu ri ro. T chc EuroCham dang tm cch nng cao nhn
VII. BTRL
VIII. XC[NHTR[ GIHI QUANCATI SNS HUTR TUE
TAX
Recommendation: We ask that customs authorities only apply royalties' values to imported
goods if such royalties are supported by underlying agreements.
The Tax Sector Committee welcomes the re-introduction through Circular 197 of the "hybrid
method under which foreign contractors are able to recover their input VAT while paying
corporate income tax on a deemed basis. This recovery of input VATaffects is generally of most
relevance to foreign contractors engaged in large infrastructure projects. This change will
therefore be of encouragement to such projects. We note however that major cost of
infrastructure projects is the funding cost. n this regard the interest withholding tax is a
significant issue and can determine whether a project is viable or not. The non-resident lender
will often exploit the inequality of bargaining power so as to force the borrower to bear the cost
of the withholding tax thus increasing the cost of borrowing.
Recommendation: We recommend that consideration be given to removing the withholding
tax on interest. There could be restrictions to prevent abuse such for the interest to be free of
withholding tax it needs to be paid between unrelated parties.
We believe that Vietnam has one of the shortest periods for filing tax returns globally. The
deadline for submission of annual finalization dossiers (applicable to Personal ncome Tax and
Corporate ncome Tax) is the 90th day from the end of the calendar year or fiscal year. This
leads to difficulties for example in terms of the ability of companies to prepare audited financial
statements and to prepare their returns by the deadline. t also leads to difficulties for
individuals and increasingly corporates as they expand offshore being able to obtain the
required supporting documentation to claim foreign tax credits within the required timeframe.
Recommendation: We recommend that consideration is given to extending the period for
filing of annual tax returns. As in other countries an additional measure may be to allow tax
agents extension of time arrangements where taxpayers who file tax returns through tax
agents are able to be benefit from extended filing deadlines. This incentive should also improve
the quality of tax reporting and well as compliance.
IX. WITHHOLDING TAXES
X. FILING PERIODFORTAXRETURNS
THU
125
thc v su cn thit phi lm r hon nhng thch thc ca tt c cc ngha vu trong hip uc
da phuong v song phuong cho vic djnh gi hng ha vo cc muc dch hi quan m trong
tm l v s hu tr tu v bn quyn. Vn d trong yu tp trung vo cc kh khn trong vic
Chnh ph c kh nng nm bt chnh xc gi trj s hu tr tu hng ha khi khng c tho
thun. y c l s l mt mng kh kh khn cho cc co quan c thm quyn khi manh dan
xc djnh gi trj ca tin bn quyn. Do s hu tr tu c bn cht rt dc bit, moi hnh thc
chun ha hoc phn tch so snh du kh khn v c th dn dn din gii sai lch.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj co quan hi quan chi p dung tnh gi trj bn quyn di vi
hng ho nhp khu nu phn bn quyn ny duoc tha thun cu th.
y ban Thu ca EuroCham hoan nghnh vic ti s dung cch thc "np thu GTGT theo
phuong php khu tr, np thu TNDN theo t l % tnh trn doanh thu tnh thu thng qua
Thng tu 197. Theo d nh thu nuc ngoi c th khu tr thu GTGTdu vo v np thu
TNDN trn co s n djnh. Vic thu hi thu GTGT du vo bng cch ny lin quan nhiu
nht dn cc nh thu nuc ngoi tham gia vo cc du n ha tng ln. Do d, su thay di ny
s khuyn khch cc du n nhu trn. Tuy nhin, chng ti nhn thy rng chi ph ln nht ca
cc du n xy dung ha tng coschnh l chi ph ti trovn. V mt ny, thu nh thu dnh
trn khon tin li vay vn l mt vn d quan trong v c th xc djnh liu mt du n c kh
thi hay khng. Bn don vj nuc ngoi cho vay s khai thc tnh bt bnh dng trong vj th
thuong luong buc don vj di vay phi chju thay phn thu nh thu v do d s lm tng chi
ph vay muon
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj xem xt loai b thu nh thu trn phn li vay ca bn nh
thu nuc ngoi. Bn canh d, phi c nhng han ch nhm trnh vic loi dung thu nh thu
v du nhu cc khon li vay chi duoc min thu nh thu khi thanh ton gia cc bn khng
lin quan.
Chng ti tin rng thi han np h so khai thu Vit Nam l mt trong nhng thi han ngn
nht trn ton cu. Thi han np h so quyt ton thu hng nm (p dung di vi thu thu
nhp c nhn v thu thu nhp doanh nghip) l 90 ngy t khi kt thc nm duong ljch hoc
nm ti chnh.
iu ny dn ti kh khn cho cc cng ty v kh nng chun bj bo co ti chnh d duoc
kim ton v chun bj h so np thu cho kjp thi han. N cng dn dn kh khn cho cc c
nhn v cc doanh nghip khi ho m rng hoat dng ra nuc ngoi d c th ly duoc cc ti
liu h tro cn thit khi mun yu cu khu tr thu di vi cc khon thu d dng nuc
ngoi trong khong thi gian nhu quy djnh.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti khuyn nghj xem xt gia han thi gian np thu hng nm. Mt bin php
b sung tai cc nuc khc l cc dai l thu ca ngui np thu duoc php gia han thi gian
chun bj h so. iu ny khuyn khch vic ci thin cht luong ca cc bo co thu cng nhu
vic tun th dng th tuc thu.
IX. KHUTRTHUCANHTHUNUCNGOI:
X. THI HANNQPH SO KHAI THU
TRANSFER PRICING
I. OVERVIEW
II. TAX DEDUCTION FOR EXPENDITURES FOR INTER-COMPANY SERVICES AND
INTANGIBLESANDTHENEEDFORINTRODUCING SAFEHARBORRULES
n order to help Vietnam's authorities in their ongoing efforts to continually improve and provide
more clarity and transparency to tax system in Vietnam, this paper seeks to examine the
current situation on a few key issues and propose our recommendations. To paper will
generally follow the below segmentation of the transfer pricing issues. n particular we will
address: 1. Tax deduction for expenditures (Services fees and license fees on intangibles,
services fees and license fees on inter-company, Safe harbor rules introduction), 2. Advance
pricing agreement guidance (in particular Advance Pricing Agreements "APAs), 3. Transfer
pricing in Vietnam (gaps, current guidance, nteraction with other guidance, auditing
procedures, documentation and safe harbors), and 4. customs valuation.
Related party transactions, involving the provision of services and the right to use intangibles
(both manufacturing intangibles, such as manufacturing know-how, and marketing intangibles,
such as trademarks), are necessary in multinationals' business operation. Charging a user- /
service fee for transactions to a Vietnamese associated enterprise is necessary to satisfy the
"arm's length-principle in related company dealings for income tax purposes: Foreign tax
authorities generally expect companies in their jurisdictions to charge user- / service fees for
the outbound provision of services and licenses to the intangibles, failing of which may result in
unfavorable presumptive assessment of income tax liabilities for the companies concerned.
Vietnam's current tax and transfer pricing regulations are almost silent on the arm's length
pricing of service fees or license fees for intangibles. This is most likely the source of future
frequent disputes between taxpayers being associates of MNEs and the local tax authorities
over the former's tax deduction for the expenditures. Specifically, with regard to inter-company
services, the local regulations are deficient on a range of fundamental aspects for the arm's
length determination of service charges, such as the benefit test (i.e. whether the service is
rendered and provides economic or commercial benefit that an independent party will be
willing to pay in an arm's length situation), allocation of cost-base where two or more
enterprises benefit from the services provided by one single related enterprise, and clarity as to
the most appropriate transfer pricing method for the determination of service charges.
During recent provincial tax audits, the audited taxpayer companies' deduction for inter-
company service fees was rejected by the tax inspectors for income tax purposes. n such
cases, no clear justification for the rejection was provided if the argument is on the ground of the
general deduction tests in the Law on Corporate ncome Tax (i.e. the expenditure must be
related to business or revenue generation and properly supported with documentation).
For certain manufacturing and marketing intangibles, there are specific regulations on
technology transfer and the licensing of certain marketing intangibles (e.g. trademark licensing).
These regulations generally do not limit the royalties at which a Vietnamese enterprise can pay
to the licensor. Also, Vietnam-based subsidiaries of MNCs have over years created the so-
called local intangibles through their local manufacturing and marketing activities.
The lack of transfer pricing guidance for the intangibles may be the source of conflicts between
the taxpayers and Vietnamese tax authorities in determining appropriate license fees
CHUYEN GI
127
I. TONG QUAN
II. KHUTRTHUCHO CCLOAI CHI PH I VI D[CHVUVTI SNV HNHGIA
CC CNG TY LIN QUAN V SUCN THIT BAN HNH NHNG NGUYN TAC RANH
GII ANTON
gip cc co quan chc nng ca Vit Nam hon thin h thng thu r rng v minh bach
hon, vi bn tham lun ny, chng ti s xem xt mt s tn tai ch yu trong tnh hnh hin nay
v dua ra nhng kin nghj ca mnh. Bn tham lun ny s duoc trnh by theo cc muc nhu
dui dy v vn d chuyn gi. Cu th, chng ti s d cp dn: 1. Khu tr thu cho cc loai chi
ph (ph djch vu v ph li-xng di vi ti sn v hnh, cc ph djch vu v ph li-xng gia cc cng
ty lin quan, gii thiu cc nguyn tc ranh gii an ton), 2. Hung dn tha thun djnh gi truc
(dc bit l cc Tha thun jnh gi truc "APAs"), 3. Chuyn gi tai Vit Nam (nhng tn tai,
hung dn hin hnh, su tuong quan vi cc hung dn khc, cc th tuc thanh kim tra, ti
liu v quy tc ranh gii an ton), v 4. Xc djnh gi trj hi quan.
Giao djch gia cc bn lin quan v cung cp djch vu v quyn s dung cc ti sn v hnh (bao
gm ti sn v hnh s dung trong qu trnh sn xut nhu b quyt, cng ngh sn xut, v ti
sn v hnh thuong mai nhu thuong hiu), l cc giao djch cn thit trong qu trnh hoat dng
ca cc cng ty da quc gia. Vic cc cng ty da quc gia tnh ph cho cc cng ty lin kt Vit
Nam v cc giao djch kinh doanh k trn l cn thit d tun th theo nguyn tc gi thj trung
trong cc giao djch gia cc bn lin quan cho muc dch tnh thu thu nhp doanh nghip. Cc
coquan thu nuc ngoi thung yu cu cc cng ty thuc nuc ho phi tnh ph khi cung cp
djch vu v cp quyn s dung cc ti sn v hnh ra bn ngoi, nu khng cc cng ty ny s
chju ri ro v ngha vu thu thu nhp doanh nghip do coquan thu n djnh.
Cc quy djnh v thu v chuyn gi hin hnh ca Vit Nam gn nhu khng c hung dn cu
th lin quan dn cch xc djnh gi thj trung cho ph djch vu v ph li-xng ti sn v hnh. y
c th s l nguyn nhn gy ra tranh chp c th xy ra thung xuyn trong tuong lai gia cc
cng ty l cng ty lin kt ca cc cng ty da quc gia, tc di tuong np thu, v co quan thu
Vit Nam lin quan dn vic khu tr thu cho cc khon ph djch vu v ph li-xng m cc cng
ty ny thanh ton cho cc bn lin kt nuc ngoi. c bit, lin quan dn djch vu gia cc
cng ty lin quan, quy djnh ca Vit Nam khng c cc hung dn dy d v mt loat cc vn d
co bn d lm co s xc djnh gi thj trung cho ph djch vu nhu: kim chng loi ch (tc l, liu
djch vu d c thuc suduoc cung cp khng, c mang lai loi ch kinh t hay loi ch thuong mai m
mt bn dc lp sn sng chi tr trong mt tnh hung tuong tuhay khng), cosd phn b chi
ph gia hai hoc nhiu cng ty duoc hung loi t djch vu do mt cng ty khc cung cp, v su
r rng trong vic xc djch phuong php xc djnh gi thj trung ph hop nht cho ph djch vu.
Trong cc cuc thanh tra thu gn dy tai mt s cng ty do cuc thu dja phuong tin hnh, don
thanh tra thu d khng chp nhn cc khon khu tr ph djch vu m cc cng ty ny thanh
ton cho cc cng ty lin quan nhm muc dch tnh thu thu nhp doanh nghip. Tuy nhin, don
thanh tra lai khng gii thch duoc r rng l do loai b cc chi ph ny ra khi chi ph hop l khi
cng ty phn bin lai rng cc chi ph ny d dp ng dy d diu kin d duoc coi l chi ph hop
l theo quy djnh ca Lut Thu thu nhp doanh nghip (tc l khon chi thuc t pht sinh lin
quan dn hoat dng sn xut, kinh doanh hoc hoat dng tao doanh thu ca doanh nghip v c
dy d ha don, chng t hop l theo quy djnh ca php lut).
i vi mt s ti sn v hnh s dung trong qu trnh sn xut v ti sn v hnh trong thuong
mai, hin chi c cc quy djnh cu th v hoat dng chuyn giao cng ngh v chuyn giao quyn
s dung mt s ti sn v hnh thuong mai (v du nhu chuyn giao quyn s dung thuong hiu).
Nhn chung, cc quy djnh ny thung khng n djnh han mc ph bn quyn/ li-xng m mt
TRANSFER PRICING
chargeable by European companies (either the headquarter or a designated entity) in a range
of sectors to the Vietnamese associated enterprises. n particular, disputes may arise in
relation to whether charging a license fee is necessary after a certain period of time, economic
ownership, the role of local marketing intangibles, determination of appropriate royalties, etc.
Recommendation: n line with international practice we recommend to introduce a "safe
harbor rule for service fees or royalties. That means, for transactions which are not significant
in volume/amount, the taxpayer may reasonably claim a tax deduction for the expenditures
where they are within certain thresholds, with minimal supporting documentation required.
This is helpful to reduce the cost of burden of proof on the taxpayer companies incurred in
creating and providing evidence that they were dealing at arm's length in relation to those
transactions where the quantum of the transactions does not have a significant impact on
corporate profits, hence income tax liabilities.
Apart from transfer pricing documentation and tax treaties (including those to which Vietnam is
a signatory), Advance Pricing Agreements ("APAs) are becoming increasingly popular as a
tool for MNCs given its ability to provide predictability and certainty. This is evidenced by an
increasing number of MNCs' applications for APAs, including in the Asia Pacific region
(especially China, Thailand and several other countries). An APA is a unilateral, bilateral or
multilateral agreement between a taxpayer company (normally a MNC) and the tax authorities
on transfer pricing of a specific category of related party transactions. Among others, the
agreement sets out the category of transactions being its subject matter, circumstances and
conditions of the transactions, and the agreed upon (in advance) transfer pricing and price
setting method for the transactions, which will be valid for a specific period of time.

An APA eliminates the risk of transfer pricing adjustments for an MNC where it is strictly
followed, and also time consuming transfer pricing audits which normally happen otherwise.
The enterprise concerned also may not have to maintain transfer pricing documentation, thus
saving cost for the tax compliance. Above all, an APAprovides predictability and certainty over
transfer pricing related tax treatment for an MNCwhich is required in conjunction with making a
significant investment commitment. To date, Vietnam does not have any APAguidance or any
APA program. n practice, commitments to having an APA were established with a limited
number of MNCs which have significant investment in Vietnam. These commitments are
discreetly agreed upon, private and confidential.
Recommendation: To remain attractive and competitive, the government should provide APA
programs and guidance so that eligible MNCs can include this as part of their overall planning
for investment in Vietnam. APAs will not only help MNCs in predictable and consistent tax- and
business planning, but also greatly reduce the workload of Vietnamese Tax Authorities, thereby
resulting in a classical win-win situation for all parties involved.

Most companies see transfer pricing documentation compliance as a troublesome area in
Vietnam. One reason for inconsistent levels of compliance may be due to a lack of clarity as to
what the actual audit risk is and howbusinesses can make informed decisions about allocating
their limited resources to increase their compliance in this area and reduce their risks. Whilst it
III. THENEEDFORADVANCEPRICING AGREEMENT GUIDANCEANDPROGRAM
IV. TRANSFERPRICING INVIETNAM: REMAINING GAPS
CHUYEN GI
129
cng ty Vit Nam duoc php tr cho bn chuyn giao cng ngh/ bn cp li-xng. Ngoi ra, sau
nhiu nm thuc hin sn xut v marketing tai thj trung trong nuc, cng ty con ca cc cng ty
da quc gia tai Vit Nam cng d tao ra ci goi l ti sn v hnh trong nuc.
Su thiu vng cc hung dn v xc djnh gi thj trung cho cc ti sn v hnh c th dn ti
tranh chp gia doanh nghip np thu v coquan thu Vit Nam trong vic xc djnh khon ph
li-xng hop l m cc cng ty Chu u (d d l tru schnh hay mt cng ty duoc chi djnh) c
th thu t cc cng ty lin kt tai Vit Nam trong nhiu lnh vuc. Cu th, mu thun c th ny
sinh lin quan dn vic liu thu ph li-xng sau mt khong thi gian nht djnh c cn cn thit,
quyn s hu kinh t di vi ti sn v hnh, vai tr ca cc ti sn v hnh thuong mai trong
nuc, phuong php ph hop d xc djnh ph bn quyn, ph li-xng hop l, v.v.
Khuyn ngh[: Ph hop vi thng l quc t, chng ti khuyn nghj p dung ranh gii an ton di
vi ph djch vu, tin bn quyn hay ph li-xng. iu d c ngha l, vi cc giao djch c gi trj
khng dng k, di tuong np thu c th yu cu khu tr thu cho cc khon ph ny nu
chng nm trong mt ngung nht djnh m chi cn chng t chng minh tnh hop l, hop l ti
thiu. Vic dt ra cc ranh gii an ton gip di tuong np thu ct gim chi ph pht sinh trong
qu trnh thu thp v v cung cp bng chng chng t cc giao djch lin kt ny dang duoc
thuc hin theo nguyn tc gi thj trung khi quy m giao djch khng c nh hung dng k dn
loi nhun cng nhu ngha vu thu ca cng ty.
Ngoi h soxc djnh gi thj trung v hip djnh trnh dnh thu hai ln (bao gm c nhng hip
djnh m Vit Nam tham gia k kt), Tha thun djnh gi truc (Advance Pricing Agreement -
"APAs") ngy cng l mt cng cu ph bin di vi cc cng ty da quc gia do cc tha thun ny
c kh nng dem lai su chc chn v tnh c th du don truc. Bng thc l ngy cng c
nhiu cng ty da quc gia xin k kt APAvi co quan thu, bao gm c cc quc gia khu vuc
Chu Thi Bnh Duong (dc bit l Trung Quc, Thi Lan v mt s quc gia khc). APAc th
l mt tha thun don phuong, song phuong hoc da phuong gia mt doanh nghip np thu
(thung l mt cng ty da quc gia) v co quan thu v gi chuyn nhuong cho mt nhm giao
djch gia cc bn lin quan nht djnh. Trong s cc ni dung duoc d cp, APAxc djnh r loai
giao djch l di tuong ca tha thun, hon cnh v diu kin giao djch cng nhu phuong php
v cch thc djnh gi duoc tha thun (duoc xc dinh t truc) cho cc giao djch ny. Tha
thun APAs c hiu luc trong mt khong thi gian nht djnh.
Nu duoc tun th cht ch, APAs loai b kh nng mt cng ty da quc gia bj co quan thu
diu chinh gi chuyn nhuong, dng thi gip gim thiu cc cuc thanh tra chuyn gi tn km
v thi gian thung din ra nu khng c cc tha thun nhu vy. Cc doanh nghip p dung
APAcng c th khng phi luu gi h so xc djnh gi thj trung, v do d, tit kim duoc chi
ph tun th thu. V trn ht, APA mang lai kh nng du don v su dm bo chc chn cho
hoat dng hach ton thu lin quan dn chuyn gi cho mt cng ty da quc gia - vn l mt yu
cu khi thuc hin cam kt du tu quan trong. Cho dn nay, Vit Nam vn chua c nhng hung
dn hoc chuong trnh APAno. Trn thuc t, cng c mt vi cam kt di dn tha thun, k kt
APAd duoc thit lp vi mt s t cc cng ty da quc gia c quy m du tu ln tai Vit Nam,
song cc cam kt ny thung duoc tho thun kn do, ring di vi cc cng ty d v c tnh
bo mt.
Khuyn ngh[: Nhm nng cao tnh canh tranh nhm thu ht cc ngun du tu ln, Chnh ph
Vit Nam cn sm dua ra cc hung dn v chuong trnh APAd cc cng ty da quc gia dp
ng duoc cc diu kin p dung APAc th lng ghp vic p dung APAvo k hoach du tu
tng th tai Vit Nam. APAkhng chi gip cc cng ty da quc gia trong vn d hoach djnh k
III. SUCNTHIT CACCQUY[NHVCHUONG TRNHTHATHUAN[NHGITRUC
TRANSFER PRICING
is clear that transfer pricing rules exist in Vietnam, the actual procedures for an audit of a
company's compliance with these rules and the specific penalties they may face in relation to
transfer pricing adjustments are less clear. The main reason for this is that such rules are not
clearly stated in the current guidance nor are they stated in the new draft circular on Transfer
Pricing. t is inconsistent to provide so much technical guidance on transfer pricing on the one
hand, but to stop short of specifically addressing auditing procedures and penalties on the
other hand. As a result, tax payers are often left with questions regarding specific compliance
expectations and potential risks. Finally, we note that the current rules in Vietnam state that
documentation for transfer pricing methodology should be contemporaneous. However, in
practice it appears this requirement has been difficult to meet.
Recommendation: We recommend that the Vietnamese government provides clear
guidance in relation to transfer-pricing related audit procedures and potential penalties in the
new draft circular on Transfer Pricing. n particular, it is not completely clear if the audit
procedures will be exactly the same as a tax audit or if they may differ in material respects.
Most tax payers believe that audits should typically be carried out in much the same manner as
they are for other tax issues. We therefore strongly recommend specifying the exact
procedures for audits in relation to transfer pricing. Finally, to encourage increased compliance
with documentation requirements, we recommend that the authorities allowsome form of safe-
harbor provisions for late preparation of transfer pricing documents, provided they are made
available to the tax authorities within the normal period allowed during an investigation. Only by
providing such guidance, clarification and safe-harbor, the business community in Vietnam will
be able to effectively comply with the current transfer pricing regime in Vietnam.
Anumber of European companies have commented on an area of concern regarding valuation
for customs purposes and while the focus of this white paper is transfer pricing and not
customs, the two are clearly related. Whilst we do not wish to raise detailed technical issues,
we believe it is appropriate that clear and consistent customs valuation mechanism be adapted
by the relevant authorities.
Recommendation: We recommend to the government a coordinated approach with regards
to coordinating customs valuations with other valuations, thereby linking the guidance of
various authorities so that businesses are not being given different valuations by different
government entities. Many other countries successfully resolve this potential conflict by issuing
a formal ruling or regulations to the effect that the value used for one part of the government
should serve a specific reference point for the valuation used by other ministries in the
government. We believe such practical approach should also be implemented by the
Vietnamese government
V. CUSTOMSVALUATION
CHUYEN GI
131
hoach kinh doanh v thu mt cch nht qun v c th du don duoc, m cn gim dng k
cng vic cho coquan thu Vit Nam, qua d dem lai loi ch cho tt c cc bn.
Hu ht cc cng ty du nhn thy vic tun th chnh sch v chuyn gi nhu l lnh vuc nhiu
rc ri Vit Nam. Mt l do trong vic thuc hin khng nht qun c th xut pht t su khng
hiu r ri ro trong thanh tra thuc t l g v doanh nghip cn lm th no d quyt djnh v vic
phn b nhng ngun luc c han ca mnh d tun th tt hon v gim thiu ri ro trong lnh vuc
ny. Trong khi r rng l Vit Nam d c cc quy djnh v chuyn gi, cc th tuc thuc t cho vic
thuc hin kim tra vic tun th ca mt cng ty v nhng quy djnh ny v nhng ch ti cu th
lin quan dn chuyn gi m cc doanh nghip c th phi di mt lai khng duoc lm r.
Nguyn nhn chin h cua vn d ny l cc quy djnh ni trn khng duoc lut ho r rng trong
cac vn bn hung dn hin hnh, cng nhu khng duoc ghi nhn trong Du tho Thng tu mi
v chuyn gi. Du tho ny kh mu thun khi mt mt cung cp qu nhiu hung dn mang
tin h k thut v chuyn gi, nhung mt khc lai thiu quy trnh kim tra cu th v cc ch ti ph
hop . Kt qu l, di tuong np thu thung c nhng thc mc v vic tun th v nhng ri ro
tim n . Cui cng, chng ti luu rng cc vn bn lut Vit Nam hin hnh quy djnh rng h so
cho phuong php xc djnh chuyn gi phi dn g b. Cc quy djnh hin hnh Vit Nam chi ra
rng h so lin quan dn xc djnh phuong php chuyn gi phi duoc tn tai dng thi. Tuy
nhin, trong thuc t, kh m tun th yu cu ny.

Kin ngh[: Chng ti d nghj Chnh ph Vit Nam ban hnh quy djnh r rng v chuyn gi lin
quan dn cc th tuc kim tra v cc hnh thc x phat trong bn du tho Thng tu mi v
chuyn gi. c bit, n s khng thuc su r rng nu cc quy trnh th tuc kim tra lai hon ton
ging nhu thanh tra, kim tra thu hoc nu chi c khc bit trn cc kha canh trong yu. Hu
ht cc di tuong np thu tin rng thanh tra, kim tra thu thung phi duoc thuc hin tuong tu
nhukhi thuc hin cc vn d khc v thu. Do d chng ti manh dan khuyn nghj nn ch trong
dc bit di vi quy trnh th tuc thanh tra, kim tra lin quan dn chuyn gi. Cui cng, d
khuyn khch tun th tt hon cc yu cu v h so, chng ti d nghj cng nn ban hnh mt s
quy djnh v min tr trch nhim trong trung hop chm np cc ti liu v chuyn gi, min l
chng duoc np cho cc coquan thu trong thi gian cho php trong qu trnh diu tra. Chi bng
cch ban hnh cc quy djnh mang tnh hung dn, minh bach v an ton nhu vy th cng dng
doanh nghip tai Vit Nam mi c th tun th hon ton chnh sch chuyn gi hin tai Vit
Nam.
Phn ln cc cng ty chu u d nhn xt v lnh vuc dng quan tm lin quan dn vic xc djnh
gi trj hi quan v trong khi ch dch ca bi nghin cu ny l v chuyn gi, khng phi v
nhng vn d hi quan; tuy nhin, hai vn d ny c mi tuong quan rt r rng. Tuy chng ti
khng mun nu ra cc vn d thuc v k thut, chng ti tin rng s ph hop hon nu cc co
quan hu quan nn diu chinh coch xc djnh gi trj hi quan r rng v nht qun.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti d xut vi Chnh ph mt phuong php kt hop gia s dun g dn g b
djnh gi ca hi quan vi djnh gi ca cc co quan nh nuc khc, bng cch dm bo su kt
hop cc hung dn ca cc coquan c thm quyn khc nhau, d cho cc doanh nghip khng
phi phu thuc vo nhng dnh gi khc nhau t nhiu coquan ca Chnh ph. a s cc quc
gia d gii quyt thnh cng vn d xung dt tim nng ny bng cch ban hnh mt hung dn
chnh thc hoc cc quy djnh d dm bo rn g, gi trj do mt coquan ca Chnh ph xc djnh s
duoc s dun g lm cn c djnh gi tham kho cc co quan khc thuc Chnh ph. Chng ti tin
rng cc cch tip cn thit thuc nhu th nn duoc Chnh ph Vit Nam cn nhc p dun g.
IV. CHUYENGITAI VIET NAM: NHNG VNCNTNTAI
V. XC[NHGITR[ HI QUAN
WINE AND SPIRITS
I. OVERVIEW
II. KEYAREASOF CONCERN
As part of its WTO-accession in January 2007, Vietnam has committed to: 1. Reducing the tariff
bound rate for alcohol beverage products, and 2. mplementing a Special Consumption Tax
(SCT) of either a single "ad valorem rate or single specific rate for all distilled spirits above 20
abv by January 2010. Under Vietnam's WTO commitments, tariff bound rates will be reduced
as follows:
- Wines: from 65% to 50-55% (50% for still and sparkling wine; 55% for vermouth, cider,
perry mead and other beverages) within 5 years, i.e. by January 2012,
- Beer: from 65% to 50% by January 2012,
- Spirits: from 65% to 45% within six years, i.e. by January 2013.
n November 2008, the Vietnamese Government has passed a rate of 45% ad valorem for all
domestic and imported distilled spirits above 20 abv to be effective from 1 January 2010. By
September 2009, Vietnam has further reduced the import rates as follows:
- Wines: from 62% down to 59%
- Spirits: from 60% down to 55%
- Beer: from 59% down to 53%
EuroCham welcomes the Vietnamese Government's move towards a single rate for all distilled
spirits above 20 abv. Despite this positive tax policy change, EuroCham maintains its position
that the Vietnamese Government should implement a single specific SCT rate on all distilled
spirits above 20 abv. Asingle specific rate is:
- non-discriminatory and compliant with WTO rules;
- taxes the alcohol content in the product and does not discriminate with respect to costs
or price;
- administratively simple and encourages compliance;
- supports a stable revenue environment; and
- consistent with broader social / health policy initiatives in applying the tax on the
amount of alcohol in the product.
f a specific rate cannot be implemented, EuroCham supports an ad valorem rate no higher
than the current rate typically applicable on domestic spirits of 30% ad valorem.
1. Under-invoicing / under-decIaration: The ad valorem structure on domestic spirits will
now effectively increase by 50 per cent from a rate of 30% ad valorem to 45% ad valorem in
2010. EuroCham believes that this dramatic increase in the tax burden on domestically
produced spirits may encourage some local manufacturers to under-declare the taxable base
upon which the SCT is applied (i.e. the ex-factory price) to reduce the resulting tax liabilities. A
related practice may be the use of 'marketing' companies in the supply chain where local
manufacturers sell at a substantially discounted price to a related marketing entity which then
sells it to distributors / wholesalers at a higher and more realistic price level. The SCTis paid on
the first and lower valued transaction. The government should ensure that such trade practices
do not occur under the revised scheme and enforce strict sanctions if such practices occur.
RUQU VANG V RUQU MANH
133
I. KHI QUT
II. CCPHAM VI QUANTM CHYU
L mt phn ca vic gia nhp WTO ca mnh vo thng 1 nm 2007, Vit Nam cam kt: 1.
Gim thu sut Thu nhp khu di vi cc sn phm nuc ung c cn, v 2. p dung Thu
tiu thu dc bit (SCT) c vi thu sut duy nht "theo gi hng hoc thu sut dc bit duy
o
nht di vi tt c cc loai ruou manh chung ct trn 20 cn t thng 1 nm 2010. Theo cam
kt gia nhp WTO ca Vit Nam, thu sut thu nhp khu s duoc gim nhu sau:
Ruou vang: t 65% xung 50-55% (50% di vi ruou vang khng c ga v ruou vang
si bot; 55% di vi ruou vecmut, ruou to, ruou l, ruou mt ong v cc thc ung
khc) trong vng 5 nm, cu th l vo thng 1 nm 2012,
Bia: t 65% xung 50% vo thng 1 nm 2012,
Ruou manh: t 65% xung 45% trong vng 6 nm, cu th l vo thng 1 nm 2013.
Thng 11 nm 2008, Chnh ph Vit Nam d thng qua thu sut 45% tnh trn gi hng di vi
o
tt c cc loai ruou manh chung ct ni dja v nhp khu c trn 20 cn c hiu luc t ngy
01/01/2010. Thng 9 nm 2009, Vit Nam lai tip tuc gim thu sut thu nhp khu nhu sau:
Ruou vang: t 62% xung 59%
Ruou manh: t 60% xung 55%
Bia: t 59% xung 53%
EuroCham vui mng v vic Chnh ph Vit Nam chuyn djch dn mt mc thu sut duy nht
o
di vi tt c cc loai ruou manh chung ct c trn 20 cn. D su thay di v chnh sch thu
ny l tch cuc, EuroCham vn gi nguyn quan dim ca mnh rng Chnh ph Vit Nam nn
p dung mt mc thu sut Thu Ttiu thu c bit duy nht di vi tt c cc loai ruou manh
o
chung ct c trn 20 cn. Mc thu sut dc bit duy nht l:
Khng c su phn bit di x v tun theo cc quy tc ca WTO;
nh thu trn hm luong cn c trong sn phm v khng phn bit theo chi ph hay
gi c;
on gin ha qun l hnh chnh v khuyn khch su tun th;
H tromt mi trung thu nhp n djnh; v
Ph hop vi nhng sng kin chung v chnh sch y t/x hi trong vic dnh thu
dua trn luong cn trong sn phm.
Nu khng th p dung mt mc thu sut ring bit, EuroCham ng h mc thu sut tnh
trn gi hng khng cao hon thu sut hin tai thung duoc p dung di vi ruou manh ni
dja l 30% tnh trn gi hng.
1. Xut ha don thp / k khai thp: Cocu tnh trn gi hng di vi ruou manh ni dja hin
nay thuc t s tng 50% t mc thu sut 30% tnh trn gi hng ln 45% tnh trn gi hng
vo nm 2010. EuroCham tin chc rng su gia tng nhanh chng v gnh nng thu ny di
vi ruou sn xut trong nuc c th khuyn khch cc nh sn xut trong nuc k khai thp co
s tnh thu m Thu Tiu thu c bit duoc p dung dua trn d (v du nhu gi xut xung)
d gim bt ngha vu thu tnh trn d. Mt thuc tin c lin quan c th l vic s dung cc
cng ty 'tip thj' trong chui cung ng m cc nh sn xut s tai bn vi gi duoc chit khu
dng k cho cc ch th tip thj lin quan m sau d bn n cho cc nh phn phi/ bn bun
WINE AND SPIRITS
2. Equity on the taxabIe base: Although the SCT rate on imported spirits above 20 abv will
significantly fall from 65% to 45%, imported spirits will still be subject to customs duties no lower
than 45% ad valorem (by 2013). Customs duties will therefore continue to be a significant
supply chain cost for importers. EuroCham believes that the Vietnamese government should
remove the customs duty component as part of the taxable base on imported spirits: the 45%
SCT rate should be applicable on the CF price for importers, excluding customs duties. Only
by applying the 45% SCT rate on the CF price for importers and the ex-factory price for
domestic manufacturers will there be fair and equal treatment between foreign and domestic
companies.
3. Domestic industry impact: The higher supply chain costs, the likely price increase and the
shift of consumers to cheaper alternatives (including non-tax paid alcohol) will adversely
impact employment and investment into the domestic spirits industry. EuroCham recommends
a 30% ad valorem rate (or its equivalent specific rate) for all spirits above 20 abv to minimise
the impact on domestic industry and ensure that it remains a key contributor to the Vietnamese
economy.
Vietnam currently prohibits advertising of all alcoholic beverages with alcohol content greater
than 15% abv. However, if the alcohol beverage is below15% abv, advertising is permitted. The
Ministry of Culture Sports and Tourism has already submitted a proposal to the government
and the National Assembly to raise this threshold to generally allow advertising for alcoholic
beverages with alcohol content of less than 30% abv. EuroCham welcomes this step, as we
believe that advertising of alcoholic beverages helps inform consumers and is permitted under
non-discriminatory circumstances in most countries around the world.
However, EuroCham would welcome the elimination of all discrimination in the advertising
activities and an access on equal terms for all products: Many imported distilled spirits are
required by lawto be bottled at not less than 40% abv, while most domestically produced spirits
in Vietnam are bottled below 39% abv and even 29% abv. Accordingly, even raising the
threshold to 30% will result in unfair treatment between imported and locally produces spirits.
Accordingly, EuroCham proposes to remove the 30% abv. And generally permit advertising for
all alcoholic beverages, regardless of their alcohol content.
Because of the growing problem with counterfeit wines and spirits in the Vietnamese market
and potential counterfeit issues with regard to imported beer, strong and effective trademark
laws and the enforcement of those laws are critical. n line with our general position on
ntellectual Property Protection in Vietnam, EuroCham encourages the Vietnamese
government to fully implement the Trade-Related Aspects of ntellectual Property Rights
(TRPS) agreement with regards to trademark protection and consistent enforcement of
ntellectual Property Rights in Vietnam.
III. ADVERTISING RESTRICTIONS
IV. INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS
RUQU VANG V RUQU MANH
135
vi mc gi cao hon hoc gi thuc t hon. Thu Tiu thu c bit duoc np trn giao djch c
gi trj thp hon du tin ny. Chnh ph nn dm bo rng nhng thuc tin thuong mai nhu
vy khng xy ra bng k hoach sa di v c bin php x phat nghim nu vic d xy ra.
2. Tnh hp I di vi co s tnh thu: Mc d thu sut Thu Tiu thu c bit di vi ruou
o
nhp khu c trn 20 cn s gim dng k t 65% xung 45%, ruou nhp khu s vn chju
thu nhp khu khng thp hon 45% tnh trn gi hng (vo nm 2013). Thu nhp khu v
vy s l khon chi ph dng k trong chui cung ng di vi cc nh nhp khu. EuroCham tin
rng Chnh ph Vit Nam nn xa b phn thu nhp khu l mt b phn ca costnh thu
di vi ruou manh nhp khu: nn p dung thu sut Thu Tiu thu c bit l 45% trn gi
CF cho cc nh nhp khu, khng bao gm thu nhp khu. p dung thu sut Thu Tiu thu
c bit 45% trn gi CF cho cc nh nhp khu v gi xut xung cho cc nh sn xut
trong nuc mi l di x cng bng v bnh dng gia cc cng ty trong nuc v nuc ngoi.
3. Tc dng ca cng nghip trong nuc: Chi ph cung ng cng cao, gi chc chn s
tng v su chuyn di ca ngui tiu dng sang cc sn phm thay th r tin hon (bao gm
c ruou khng phi np thu) s tc dng xu dn vic lm v du tu trong ngnh cng nghip
ruou manh ni dja. EuroCham khuyn nghj mc thu sut 30% tnh trn gi hng (hoc mc
o
thu sut dc bit tuong duong) di vi ruou manh c trn 20 cn d gim thiu tc dng di
vi ngnh cng nghip trong nuc v vn dm bo l ngnh dng gp ch yu cho nn kinh t
Vit Nam.
Vit Nam hin nay cm qung co tt c cc loai nuc ung c cn vi hm luong cn ln hon
15%. Tuy nhin, cho php qung co nu nuc ung c cn thp hon 15% d cn. B Vn ha
Th thao v Du ljch va trnh Chnh ph v Quc hi ph duyt tng ngung ny ln d cho
php qung co bnh thung di vi cc loai nuc ung c cn vi hm luong cn thp hon
30%. EuroCham phn khi vi buc tin ny, v chng ti tin rng vic qung co nuc ung
c cn gip thng tin dn ngui tiu dng v duoc cho php trong hon cnh khng phn bit
di x hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii. Tuy nhin, EuroCham s hoan nghnh vic xa b
tt c nhng phn bit di x trong hoat dng qung co v su tip cn cc diu kin bnh
dng di vi tt c cc sn phm: Lut php bt buc nhiu loai ruou manh chung ct nhp
khu phi duoc dng chai khng thp hon 40% cn, trong khi hu ht cc sn phm ruou
manh sn xut trong nuc Vit Nam duoc dng chai dui 39% cn v thm ch 29% cn. Do
d, ngay c khi tng ngung ln 30% s dn ti kt qu l su di x khng cng bng gia
ruou manh sn xut tai dja phuong v nhp khu. Theo d, EuroCham d nghj xa b
ngung 30% cn. V cho php qung co bnh thung di vi tt c cc loai nuc ung c
cn, bt k hm luong cn ca chng.
Do ngy cng c nhiu vn d ny sinh di vi ruou manh v ruou vang gi thj trung Vit
Namv cc vn dn hng gi tim n di vi bia nhp khu, php lut v nhn hiu thuong mai
c hiu luc v su thuc thi cc lut ny l rt cn thit. Vi tnh hnh chung v bo v shu tr
tu tai Vit Nam, EuroCham khuyn khch Chnh ph Vit Nam thuc hin dy d Hip djnh v
cc Kha canh ca Quyn Shu Tr tu Lin quan dn Thuong mai (TRPS), bao gm c vic
bo v nhn hiu thuong mai v thuc thi nht qun quyn shu tr tu tai Vit Nam.
III. HANCHQUNG CO
IV. QUYNS HUTR TUE
BUILDING MATERIALS SUPPLY
At the outset we would like to stress that the following points are targeting a sustainable
approach to building up a strong, efficient, and world-class cement and building materials
supply industry in Vietnam. This is, in our opinion, vital to underpin continuous high GDPgrowth
rates through lowest sustainable construction costs combined with stability of supply for
infrastructure development, as well as commercial and residential housing development.
Many construction materials, particularly cement, where price capping is often apparent, are
not key inflation drivers. For example, in general housing, as well as high-rise developments
and even large infrastructure, the costs attributed for cement purchases are typically only in the
range of 7-9% of the overall project costs. Where cement is concerned, the lowest sustainable
prices will result from a well-structured industry where installed capacity uses the latest
technology with the lowest sustainable carbon footprint, and where management invests
strongly in developing effective human capital (management and vocational skills). The
resulting manufacturing efficiency will assure lowest ex-works prices. With a culture of
competitive efficiency within the cement industry, lowered but sustainable cost-to-serve
operators, including their distribution partners can then emerge, leading to best price
advantage for consumers and end-users.

Recommendation: Limiting or capping producers' prices in the market can cause supply
shortfalls and resulting retail price escalations and "street speculation leading to irrational price
spikes for the consumer. Therefore, competitive market pricing should be allowed to prevail so
that all producers can have a fair chance to supply the market based on fair competition and
their true costs to operate. Producers must be able to compete fairly to recover from the market
all their overall operating costs (fixed and variable) as well as the cost of capital, in order to
repay BOTH the cost of debt AND the cost of equity components. Recovery of this investment
cost, added to recovery of unsubsidized operations costs is vital for a sustainable, efficient,
industrial base for the manufacture of building materials in Vietnam. Therefore, we recommend
the government assure that market economy rules are applied to fair pricing, so that building
material suppliers can assure proper supply levels into the market, at fair and reasonable price
levels which allow them to fully recover their operational costs as well as their overall costs of
capital.
There is apparent preferential treatment for local companies, as well as State Owned
Enterprises (SOEs) who are supposed to be going through equitization, in gaining access to
financial capital for large-capacity investments. This can range from the use of state bank
guarantees, to lowered interest rates via the Development Assistance fund (DAF), and over-
proportional use of debt (as high as 90% whereas international practice would be closer to
50%). As a result:
- The level of fragmentation in the cement industry is already high and yet keeps
increasing;
- Oversupply in Vietnam is over-amplifying competition: (i) Excess grinding capacity is
rising especially in the North and South; and (ii) Domestic clinker supply is catching up
I. PRICE CAPPING VIAGOVERNMENT OFFICES AND GOVERNMENT STATEMENTS IN
THEMEDIALIMITING CEMENT PRICESASAMETHODOF CURBING INFLATION
II. UNCOMPETITIVE ACCESS TO CAPITAL CAUSING CEMENT INDUSTRY
FRAGMENTATIONANDOVERCAPACITY
CUNG CP VAT LIEU XY DUNG
137
Truc ht, chng ti mun nhn manh rng nhng dim sau dy hung ti mt cch tip cn
bn vng d xy dung mt ngnh cng nghip cung ng xi mng v vt liu xy dung manh,
hiu qu v c tm cquc t tai Vit Nam. Theo quan dim ca chng ti, diu ny c ngha
v cng quan trong d duy tr tc d tng trung GDP cao thng qua chi ph xy dung bn
vng mc thp nht cng vi su n djnh trong cung cp vt tu cho pht trin co s ha tng,
ta nh thuong mai v cc h gia dnh.

Nhiu loai vt liu xy dung, dc bit l xi-mng, m gi r rng bj p trn, khng phi l tc
nhn chnh gy ra lam pht. Nhn chung, di vi nh cng nhu cc cng trnh cao tng v
nhng co s ha tng ln, chi ph dnh cho mua xi mng thng thung chi chim t 7-9% tng
chi ph du n. Vi ngnh xi mng, mc gi bn vng thp nht s l kt qu ca mt ngnh
cng nghip c co cu hop l vi cng sut lp dt s dung cng ngh mi nht vi mc pht
xa (CF) bn vng thp nht, trong d ban qun trj du tu manh vo pht trin hiu qu vn con
ngui (k nng qun l v k nng ngh nghip). Hiu qu sn xut nh d s dm bo cc
mc gi thnh hu cng trnh thp nht. Vn ha hiu qu canh tranh trong ngnh xi-mng s
lm xut hin nhng nh khai thc c chi ph phuc vu khch hng thp hon v dm bo bn
vng, k c cc nh phn phi ca ho, s mang lai loi ch tt nht v gi cho ngui tiu dng v
ngui s dung cui.

Kin ngh[: Khng ch hay p mc gi trn trn thj trung di vi nh sn xut c th dn dn
thiu ngun cung v dn dn gi bn l leo thang v "du codung ph, dn dn cc dot tng
gi v l di vi ngui tiu dng. V th, cn cho php djnh gi thj trung canh tranh d moi nh
sn xut du c cohi bnh dng duoc cung cp sn phm ra thj trung trn coscanh tranh
cng bng v chi ph vn hnh thuc t. Nh sn xut phi c kh nng canh tranh cng bng
nhm trang tri cc chi ph vn hnh (djnh ph v bin ph) cng nhu chi ph vn chung t thj
trung, d hon tr CHA LOA chi ph noVvn. Vic thu hi vn du tu v trang tri cc chi
ph vn hnh khng cn tro cp c ngha then cht di vi mt nn tng cng nghip bn
vng, hiu qu cho ngnh sn xut vt liu xy dung Vit Nam. V th, chng ti kin nghj
Chnh ph dm bo rng cc nguyn tc nn kinh t thj trung duoc p dung d djnh gi hop
l, sao cho cc nh cung cp vt liu xy dung c th dm bo ngun cung ph hop cho thj
trung, mc gi ph hop v hop l, cho php ho thu hi chi ph vn hnh cng nhu ton b
chi ph vn.
R rng vn tn tai su di x uu di di vi cc cng ty trong nuc, cng nhu cc Doanh
nghip Nh nuc (DNNN) cn duoc c phn ha trong vic tip cn vn ti chnh cho nhng
khon du tu ln. i x uu di c th l s dung bo lnh ca ngn hng Nh nuc, hay li
sut thp thng qua qu H tro Pht trin (DAF), hoc vic s dung no khng cn di (ln ti
90% trong khi thng l quc t l gn 50%). Kt qu l:

- Mc d phn khc ca ngnh xi mng d cao v vn tip tuc gia tng.
- Tha cung Vit Nam do canh tranh qu mc: (i) Cng sut nghin du tha dang gia
tng dc bit pha Bc v pha Nam; v (ii) Ngun cung clinke trong nuc dang
I. [NH GITRNTHNG QUACCTHNG BO CAVNPHNG Chnh ph VCC
TUYN B CAChnh ph TRN CC PHUONG TIEN TRUYN THNG GII HAN GI
XI-MNG NHUMQT BIENPHPKIM CHLAM PHT
II. TIP CAN VN THIU CANH TRANH LM PHN KHC TH[ TRUNG XI MNG V
SNXUT QUMC
BUILDING MATERIALS SUPPLY
quickly with demand;
- nexperienced new entrants do not have expertise in sustainable development
practices such as safety and environmental performance;
- The new entrants' aggressive pricing results in a move towards marginal economics
and therefore poor return on recent investments, which will in turn deter future needed
long range investments to grow Vietnam's cement industry sustainably for the longer
term;
- There are higher risks of bankruptcy and insolvency for less experienced players,
leading to social unrest arising from their financial difficulties.
Recommendation: We recommend the government oversees a level playing field as
regards the capitalization of cement production capacity, so that over-fragmentation of the
cement industry will not occur, thereby assuring that a strong, clean and sustainable
industry emerges to best serve the long-term interests of the country. Specifically, we
recommend the following moves to adjust the capacity development pace based on
balanced supply and demand dynamics:
- Delay/cancel ongoing projects with no equipment supply contract awarded;
- Freeze temporarily putting newprojects on the Master Plan;
- Scrutinize commercial viability of existing and newprojects;
- Require non-performing operators to merge with experienced and efficient players or
collaborate with them on raising environmental and safety standards;
- Enforce strict environmental performance compliance for all players.
CUNG CP VAT LIEU XY DUNG
139
nhanh chng bt kjp nhu cu;
- Nhng cng ty mi, t kinh nghim tham gia thj trung khng c chuyn mn v cc
thng l pht trin bn vng v du nhuan ton v hiu nng mi trung;
- Chnh sch gi canh tranh ca cc cng ty mi gia nhp thj trung dn dn vic
hung ti kinh t bin v v th t l loi nhun thp trn cc khon du tu mi, v tr
hon cc khon du tu trong tuong lai cn thit cho su tng trung bn vng ca
ngnh xi-mng Vit Nam v lu di;
- Ri ro ph sn v mt kh nng thanh ton cao hon di vi nhng cng ty t kinh
nghim hon, dn dn bt n x hi pht sinh t nhng kh khn ti chnh.
Kin ngh[: Chng ti kin nghj Chnh ph xem xt mt sn choi bnh dng lin quan dn vn
ha nng luc sn xut xi mng d khng xy ra tnh trang phn khc qu mc ngnh xi mng,
v nhu th s dm bo mt ngnh cng nghip manh, sach v bn vng pht trin d phuc vu
tt nht loi ch lu di ca dt nuc. Cu th, chng ti kin nghj trin khai cc buc sau d diu
chinh tc d pht trin cng sut trn cosquy lut cung cu:
- Hon/hy cc du n dang thuc hin m chua k duoc hop dng cung cp thit bj;
- Tam thi ngng dua cc du n mi vo Quy hoach Tng th;
- Kim tra k lung tnh kh thi thuong mai ca cc du n hin tai v du n mi;
- Yu cu cc doanh nghip km hiu qu sp nhp vi cc doanh nghip c kinh
nghim v hiu qu hoc hop tc vi ho d nng cao tiu chun mi trung v an
ton;
- Thuc thi yu cu tun th hiu nng mi trung nghim ngt di vi moi doanh
nghip.

I. OVERVIEW
II. PROMOTING VIETNAM ASANATTRACTIVETOURIST DESTINATION
III. EXPANDING VISAEXEMPTIONSANDIMPROVING THE"VISA-ON-ARRIVAL"
The tourism industry currently accounts for nearly 5% of the country's GDP and is employing
approximately 10% of the labor force in the service sector, thus making the tourism industry
one of the country's key employment industries. As result of the global economic downturn,
Vietnam's travel and tourism industry has severely declined in 2009, with particularly the
number of foreign arrivals to Vietnam falling 16% year-over-year. EuroCham believes that the
tourist sector offers great opportunities in Vietnam as the economy picks up in 2010, but many
areas need to be improved. n particular:
Within the ASEAN region, Vietnam competes with similarly attractive tourist destinations like
e.g. Thailand, Malaysia, ndonesia, the Philippines and Cambodia. Vietnam' perception as a
tourist destination has seriously suffered over the last year, in part by media reports relating not
only to natural disasters, poor infrastructure and high inflation in general, but also to rising room
rates and poor service in particular. EuroCham believes that the most efficient way to address
this negative overall perception of Vietnam as a tourist destination would be a concerted
promotion campaign on a national level. Such promotion campaign should highlight Vietnam's
continuous attractiveness because of its rich cultural heritage, its outstanding natural beauty
including beaches and its friendly people.

To this end, the Tourism Working Group (TWG) of the Vietnam Business Forum (VBF) has
recently submitted to the Government a "Strategic Tourism Marketing Plan with the aim to
create a specific two year promotional sales and marketing media campaign. The TWG has
suggested that such campaign should not just be limited to purchasing space in magazines,
newspapers or on television, but should also be a strategic approach to building Vietnam as an
attractive tourism alternative. To this end, the TWG has suggested that minimal investments
could tremendously improve the passenger's introduction and perception of Vietnam: For
example, improving the travel experience with measures such as in-flight-videos showing the
natural beauty of Vietnam, highlighting it's culture and people that are played on all arriving
international flights, or the creation of a welcome video played in the immigration area
identifying the logistics of immigration, customs and transport. n this context, it is noteworthy
that Vietnam's promotional budget for 2009 was approximately only $2 million USD. As a
comparison, according to the TWG, Thailand allocated $220 million USD towards tourism
promotions following the Bangkok Airport protests in 2009, whilst Malaysia has designated
$180 million USDfor their memorable "Truly Asia campaign.
Recommendation: EuroCham strongly supports implementing a tourist promotion campaign
as suggested by the TWG. EuroCham believes that a "smile campaign at the immigration
could be a further step to create a positive first impression and reduce the notion of many
tourists that they are not genuinely welcome but rather seen as an easy source of short-time
extra income. EuroCham finally suggests that the Vietnamese government allocates more
funds towards such tourism promotion campaign and operates in close co-operation with the
foreign private tourism/travel providers to make best use of such additional funding.
Currently, only ASEAN passport holders are Visa-exempted for stays of 30 days or less, and
only passport holders from Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Japan, Korea and Russia are
NGNH DU L[CH
141
I. TONG QUAN
II. XCTINVIET NAM NHUMQT IEM NDUL[CHHPDN
III. M RQNG MIEN TR TH[ THUC V CI THIEN CHUONG TRNH "TH[ THUC TAI
CAKHAU"
Ngnh du ljch hin tai dng gp gn 5% GDPquc gia v tao vic lm cho gn 10% luc luong
lao ng trong ngnh djch vu, v v th d trthnh mt trong nhng ngnh ch cht cung cp
vic lm chnh trong nuc. Do suy thoi kinh t ton cu, ngnh du ljch v l hnh tai Vit Nam
suy gim nghim trong trong nm 2009, dc bit s luong khch dn Vit Nam gim 16% so
vi nm truc. EuroCham cho rng ngnh du ljch dem lai nhng co hi ln cho Vit Nam khi
nn kinh t hi phuc trlai vo 2010, nhung nhiu lnh vuc cn ci thin. Cu th l:
Trong khu vuc ASEAN, Vit Nam canh tranh vi cc dim dn du ljch hp dn tuong tu nhu
Thi Lan, Malaixia, ndnesia, Philppin, v Campuchia. Nhn thc v Vit Nam vi vai tr l
dim dn du ljch d bj xu di dng k trong nm va qua, dc bit l do cc phuong tin truyn
thng dua tin khng chi v nhng thm hoa tu nhin, ha tng yu km v lam pht cao ni
chung, m cn v gi phng khch san gia tng v dc bit l djch vu km. EuroCham cho
rng cch thc hiu qu nht nhm gii quyt nhn thc tiu cuc chung ny v Vit Nam trong
vai tr dim dn du ljch s l mt chin djch xc tin dng b cp quc gia. Chin djch xc
tin nhu th phi nu bt tnh hp dn khng ngng ca Vit Nam nhdi sn vn ha giu c,
v dep tu nhin ni bt vi nhng bi bin v ngui dn thn thin.
dat muc tiu ny, Nhm Cng tc Du ljch (TWG) thuc Din dn Doanh nghip Vit Nam
(VBF) mi dy d d trnh Chnh ph mt "K hoach Qung b Du ljch Chin luoc vi muc tiu
xy dung mt chin djch khuyn mai v truyn thng qung b cu th cho hai nm. TWG d
goi rng mt chin djch nhu th khng nn chi gii han trong pham vi mua trang qung co
trn cc tap ch, bo giy, hoc qung co trn ti-vi, m cn phi l mt cch tip cn chin
luoc nhm xy dung hnh nh Vit Nam l mt lua chon du ljch hp dn. lm duoc diu
ny, TWG d goi nhng khon du tu nh c th dem lai ci thin v cng to ln trong cch
gii thiu v nhn thc ca hnh khch v Vit Nam: V du, ci thin tri nghim du ljch vi cc
bin php nhu bng hnh trn my bay th hin v dep tu nhin ca Vit Nam, nu bt vn ha
v con ngui duoc trnh chiu trn moi chuyn bay quc t dn Vit Nam, hoc xy dung mt
doan phim cho mng duoc trnh chiu tai khu vuc nhp cnh trong d nu r cc vn d hu
cn trong nhp cnh, hi quan v vn chuyn. Trong bi cnh ny, cn ghi ch rng ngn sch
xc tin ca Vit Nam nm 2009 chi khong 2 triu USD. Theo TWG, nu so snh, Thi Lan chi
220 triu USD cho xc tin du ljch sau khi xy ra biu tnh tai Sn bay Bangkok, trong khi
Malaixia d chi 180 triu USDcho chin djch "Truly Asia dng nhca ho.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham ng h manh m vic thuc hin mt chin djch xc tin du ljch nhu TWG
goi . EuroCham cho rng mt "chin djch nu cui khu vuc nhp cnh s l mt buc tip
theo nhm xy dung mt n tuong tch cuc du tin v lm gim su nhn nhn m nhiu khch
du ljch thuc su khng thch dn nhn hon l cho rng d l mt ngun thu nhp thm nhanh
chng v d dng. Cui cng, EuroCham goi rng Chnh ph Vit Nam cn phn b thm
ngn sch cho chin djch xc tin du ljch v hoat dng vi su hop tc cht ch vi cc nh cung
cp djch vu du ljch/lhnh tu nhn nuc ngoi d tn dung tt nht ngun vn b sung d.
Hin tai, chi nhng cng dn mang h chiu ASEAN duoc min tr Thj thuc nu luu tr 30
ngy hoc t hon, v chi nhng ngui mang h chiu an Mach, Na Uy, Phn Lan, Thuy in,

allowed to enter the country for a period of 15 days without a Visa. Accordingly, most tourists
need to apply for a visa. However, obtaining such visa for Vietnam is often a problem for many
tourists: Sometimes, there is no sufficient information by the embassies/consulates on the
matter and processing is difficult and time-consuming. Overall, visa requirements remain a
huge obstacle for travelers, in particular last-minute travelers. Along with Myanmar, Vietnam is
now the most difficult country to be visited within ASEAN. Due to formalistic and bureaucratic
visa requirements and unpredictable processing times, last minute travel to Vietnam is not an
option and has been replaced by weekend trips to Phuket, Bali, Boracay, Macao and
Singapore.
Over the last months, the Visa-ssue has become a widely discussed topic by both the media
and the private sector. As a result of this awareness, Vietnam has chosen to join a "Multi-
ASEAN-Visa that will include amongst other countries, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar.
EuroCham acknowledges this action as an excellent long-term solution; however it does not
address the immediate short term issues. Moreover, the present "Visa-On-Arrival system is a
complicated process: n fact, a "Visa-On-Arrival can only be issued if certain documentation is
provided before arrival, making it a misnomer. Currently, the processing of Visa-on-Arrival
documentation can take anywhere from a fewhours to several weeks. The processing is often
facilitated by a third-party agent who may provide expedited Visa services to foreign passport
holders against a fee. The processing time currently largely depends on the Visa service
provider's standing within the system. EuroCham notes that upon arrival at the airport, the
"Visa-on-Arrival area is not clearly visible and provides no information on the necessary forms
(if any), policies, or fees.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that Visa-exemptions are expanded to countries
that can potentially account for significant tourism revenue, such as the EUmember states, the
United States and Canada, Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Visa-exemptions to these
countries should generally be granted for stays of up to 30 days. EuroCham further
recommends that an easy "Visa-on-Arrival procedure should be established, such as in
Cambodia or Laos. Such Visa-on-Arrival should enable qualifying passport holders to enter
Vietnam for a period of at least seven (7) days without any documentation other than their
passport. "Visa-on-Arrival procedures and policies should be transparent and consistent,
including an explanation of the process, a set fee schedule and the equal enforcement of these
policies and procedures at the airports. EuroCham believes that such improved "Visa-on-
Arrival could attract last-minute expat business travelers in the region and ease logistics for
tour operators and travel agencies.
EuroCham notes that the tourism industry in Vietnam is still experiencing a shortage of well-
trained staff. Tourists are often confronted with employees not familiar with the service industry,
resulting in many tourists leaving with a bad image of Vietnam. Tour-guides are often not
knowledgeable about Vietnamese culture and history, and not proficient in English or other
foreign languages. Many of these tour-guides see their main task in collecting commissions
from shops to sellers charging foreigners double and more. Taxi drivers at the airport and
elsewhere massively over-charge unsuspecting first-time visitors. The damage to image of the
country is devastating. At the same time, some of the world's best travel service providers are
prohibited from setting up simple representative offices to support the development of tourism
arrivals to Vietnam.
IV. LICENSING OF TOURIST-RELATED SERVICES / RESTRICTIONS FOR FOREIGN
OPERATORS
NGNH DU L[CH
143
Nht, Hn Quc v Nga duoc vo Vit Nam trong vng 15 ngy khng cn Thj thuc. V th,
phn ln cc khch du ljch cn phi xin Thj thuc. Tuy nhin, vic xin thj thuc Vit Nam thung l
mt vung mc di vi nhiu khch du ljch: i khi, ai s qun/Tng lnh su khng cung cp
d thng tin v cc vn d v vic x l gp kh khn v mt thi gian. Nhn chung, cc yu cu
v Thj thuc vn l mt ro cn ln di vi khch du ljch, dc bit nhng ngui di du ljch vo
pht cui. Cng vi Mianma, Vit Nam by gi l quc gia kh dn du ljch nht ASEAN. Do
cc yu cu mang tnh hnh thc v quan liu v Thj thuc v thi gian x l khng th du don
duoc, du ljch vo pht cui Vit Nam khng phi l mt lua chon v d duoc thay th bng
cc chuyn nghi cui tun Phuket, Bali, Boracay, Macao v Xingapo.
Trong nhng thng va qua, cp thj thuc d tr thnh mt ch d duoc bn dn rng ri trong
gii truyn thng v khi tu nhn. Nh su nhn thc ny, Vit Nam d lua chon mt thj thuc
"nhiu ln- khi ASEAN bao gm c cc quc gia nhu Campuchia, Lo v Mianma.
EuroCham thy rng hnh dng ny l mt gii php tuyt vi v di han; tuy nhin, n khng
x l vn d ngn han tc thi. Hon na, h thng "Thj thuc tai Ca khu hin tai l mt quy
trnh phc tap: Trn thuc t, "Thj thuc tai Ca khu chi duoc cp khi cung cp cc h so nht
djnh truc khi dn, lm cho n l trthnh mt ci tn sai. Hin tai, vic x l mt h soThj thuc
tai Ca khu c th mt t vi gi dn vi tun. Vic x l duoc mt bn th ba tao thun loi
bng cch cung cp djch vu Thj thuc nhanh cho nhng ngui c h chiu nuc ngoi. Hin tai,
thi gian x l phn ln phu thuc vo vj th ca bn cung cp djch vu Thj thuc trong h thng.
EuroCham nhn thy rng khi dn sn bay, khu vuc "Thj thuc tai Ca khu khng d nhn bit
v khng cung cp thng tin g v cc biu mu cn thit (nu c), chnh sch hay l ph.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj m rng min Thj thuc cho cc quc gia c tim nng dng
gp dng k cho doanh thu du ljch nhu cc quc gia thnh vin EU, M, Ca-na-da, c, Hng
Kng v i Loan. Nhn chung, vic min Thj thuc cho cc quc gia ny cn duoc thuc hin
cho luu tr dui 30 ngy. EuroCham cng kin nghj thm rng mt quy trnh
d dng cn duoc thit lp, nhu tai Campuchia v Lo. Chuong trnh Thj thuc khi dn s
cho php nhng ngui c h chiu ph hop vo Vit Nam t nht by (7) ngy m khng cn
giy t g ngoi h chiu ca ho. Quy trnh v chnh sch "Thj thuc tai Ca khu cn minh
bach v nht qun, bao gm gii thch v quy trnh, mt biu ph r rng, v thuc thi bnh dng
cc chnh sch v quy trnh ny tai sn bay. EuroCham tin rng "Thj thuc tai Ca khu duoc
ci thin c th thu ht nhng khch du ljch l doanh nhn nuc ngoi trong vng dn Vit
Nam du ljch vo pht cui v tao thun loi cho cng tc hu cn ca cc cng ty l hnh v
hng du ljch.
EuroCham thy rng ngnh du ljch Vit Nam vn dang thiu nhn su duoc do tao tt.
Khch du ljch thung gp phi tnh trang nhn vin khng quen vi ngnh djch vu, dn dn
vic nhiu khch du ljch ri Vit Nam vi mt hnh nh xu. Hung dn vin du ljch thung
khng hiu bit v vn ha v ljch s Vit Nam, v khng thng thao ting Anh hay cc ngoai
ng khc. Rt nhiu hung dn vin thung ch trong dn vic thu hoa hng t cc ca hng
v nhng ngui bn hng, m tai nhng noi ny khch nuc ngoi thung phi mua vi mc
gi gp di hoc hon th. Li xe taxi sn bay v nhng noi khc tnh ph cao hon rt nhiu di
vi nhng khch du ljch ho nghi ngdn Vit Nam ln du tin. Su tn hai di vi hnh nh ca
quc gia l v cng to ln. ng thi, mt s cc nh cung cp djch vu l hnh tt nht th gii
khng duoc php thit lp vn phng dai din don gin nhm h tropht trin luong khch du
ljch dn Vit Nam.
"Thj thuc tai Ca
khu
IV. CP PHP CC D[CH VU LIN QUAN N DU L[CH/ HAN CH I VI CC CNG
TYNUCNGOI

Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that licenses to tourist-related services are only
granted to well-trained personnel with a formal education/qualification relating to the service-
industry. EuroCham believes that creating a favorable image of Vietnam and thus contributing
to a growth of foreign arrivals is more important than "protecting Vietnamese businesses that
are often simply not familiar with ground-rules of the service-industry. Accordingly, restrictions
for foreigners to work as tour guides and operate in the tourist-industry should be lifted to
improve overall-quality of tourist-services in Vietnam. n particular, the mplementation of the
Circular for Decree 92 on the Representative Offices of Foreign Travel Service Providers is
more than two (2) years overdue and is threatening to hurt tourist arrivals just at the time when
Vietnam needs to boost this important source of foreign currency revenue.

Cases of thefts have risen of the past few years, both in the street and even in hotels.
Harassment of tourists is not uncommon. Reporting of thefts and other crimes and
misbehaviors is often a major problem. We know of cases where foreign visitors have been
sent to three different police stations and each of them refusing to take the report. This is
aggravated by the language-barrier. Accordingly, most thefts remain unreported and thereby
not revealing the real situation.
Recommendation: EuroCham recommends that a special Tourist Police is established,
similar to Thailand and other countries with a large number of tourists. Such Tourist Police
should have recognizable uniforms, and patrol at least the city centers and places of interest.
Officers in such Tourist Police should at least speak English and have a welcoming and polite
attitude. At least one Tourist Police station should be set up in city centers and be open 24
hours, where visitors can report crimes and misbehaviors, regardless of where they happened.
V. ESTABLISHMENT OF TOURIST POLICE
NGNH DU L[CH
145
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj chi cp giy php di vi cc djch vu du ljch cho nhng nhn
su d qua do tao tt c bng do tao chnh quy/ chng nhn lin quan dn ngnh djch vu.
EuroCham cho rng xy dung mt hnh nh thun loi cho Vit Nam v qua d gp phn tng
trung luong khch nuc ngoi dn cn quan trong hon vic "bo v cc doanh nghip Vit
Nam vn khng quen vi cc quy tc d xc lp ca ngnh du ljch. Theo d, cn d b nhng
han ch di vi ngui nuc ngoi hnh ngh hung dn vin du ljch v hoat dng trong ngnh
du ljch nhm ci thin cht luong tng th ca djch vu du ljch Vit Nam. Cu th l, Thng tu
hung dn thuc hin Nghj djnh 92 v Vn phng ai din ca Nh Cung cp Djch vu L hnh
Nuc ngoi d ban hnh hai (2) nm nhung chua duoc p dung, do vy c nguy co lm nh
hung dn luong khch du ljch nuc ngoi, trong khi Vit Nam dang cn dy manh ngun
doanh thu ngoai t rt quan trong ny.
Mt cp d gia tng trong nhng nm va qua, c trn dung ph v trong khch san. Quy
ri khch du ljch khng phi l him. Vic khai bo v cc vu trm cp, pham ti, v cc hnh vi
sai tri khc l mt vn d ln. Chng ti bit c nhng trung hop khch nuc ngoi duoc
gi dn ba dn cnh st khc nhau v c ba dn ny du t chi tip nhn khai bo. Ro cn
ngn ng lai cng lm vn d trm trong thm. V th, hu ht cc vu trm cp vn khng duoc
khai bo v nhu th khng th hin duoc tnh hung thuc t.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham kin nghj cn thit lp mt b phn Cnh st Du ljch dc bit, tuong tu
nhu Thi Lan v mt s quc gia c s luong khch du ljch ln. Cnh st Du ljch nn c dng
phuc d nhn bit, v t nht l di tun tra khu vuc trung tm thnh ph v nhng dim thm
quan. Cn b thuc Cnh sch Du ljch t nht phi ni duoc ting Anh v c thi d ci m v
ljch su. Mi trung tm thnh ph cn c t nht mt dn Cnh st Du ljch v lm vic 24
gi/ngy, dy khch du ljch c th khai bo cc vu vic pham php v cc hnh vi sai tri, bt
k dja dim xy ra.
V. THIT LAPCNHST DUL[CH
AUTOMOTIVE
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MARKET ANALYSIS
The Vietnamese Auto market is still small compared to neighboring ASEAN markets such as
Malaysia and Thailand. n these countries, the automotive industry has a more strategic
relevance to GDP growth, trade balance and export volume. t is a key industry for these
countries. However, the importance of the auto-industry to Vietnam should not be
underestimated. Firstly, it is a significant employer: More than 60.000 people work in the
factories of members of the Vietnam Automobile Manufactures' Association (VAMA). This
means, taking into account the family dependants, there are more than 200.000 people whose
livelihoods depend on the automotive industry (without considering supplier industry).
Secondly, tax payments from VAMAmembers in 2007 amounted to roughly US$1.5 billion.
Further, the Vietnamese auto market has demonstrated a remarkable growth rate over the past
2-3 years, much faster than in neighboring countries. To sustain such growth, the automotive
industry needs fast and sustainable decisions, regulation and policies from the Vietnamese
government. This is particularly true in the light of 2009 with its worst worldwide economic crisis
in 80 years. Despite the crisis, 2009 has still resulted in a satisfactory performance for the
Vietnamese Automotive industry: Figures from VAMA indicate that the Vietnamese
manufacturers reached almost 80,000 units in the first three quarters, equaling a year-on-year
decrease of 12%. Market demand remains firm and unit volumes for the full year are likely to be
slightly higher than in 2008.
The total market consists of new and used imported CBU (completely built up) units and
domestically assembled CKD(complete knocked down) units. The CBUmarket is important to
provide specialist CVs and some higher specification PCs that are not currently assembled in
Vietnam, while the CKDmarket is responsible for most high volume models in both the CVand
PC market. The Vietnamese government's industry policy and negotiations with ASEAN over
export/import tariffs have been vital in building the domestic CKDmarket to its current position.
CKD manufacturers are investors with a long term commitment to Vietnam and the domestic
automotive industry. 2008 marks the first year that the CKDvolume has reached 100.000 units.
This figures give also first time opportunity to think about a higher localization rate (i.e.
manufactured in Vietnam) for automotive parts to help growthis industry. But the growth rate for
the auto component supplier industry is still slow. This will be quite a challenge: ASEANimport
tariffs into Vietnam will be eliminated entirely by 2018. This will result in Vietnamese CKD
manufacturers competing directly with other domestic markets with established volume-based
automotive assemblers based in ndonesia, Thailand and Malaysia.

With regards to the strategic future of the industry, EuroCham believes that the Vietnamese
government should not be unduly influenced by the temporary supply shortage for automotive
products: The main reason for this supply shortage is the influence of short term tax changes
which has created uncertainty on planning volumes for local manufacturers in 2009. Going
forward, the volumes from the Vietnamese domestic market for 2010 and 2011 will still be low
compared to the neighboring countries. However, EuroCham believes that with further
government support, the Vietnamese automotive industry is able growto a scale where it can
resist foreign competition in the domestic market and also turn Vietnam into a major ASEAN
production-hub and export base. t is important that the Vietnamese government and the
domestic auto industry work together to develop a clear roadmap for automotive industrial
T
147
I.GII THIEU
II. PHNTCHTH[ TRUNG
Thj trung t Vit Nam vn cn nh so vi cc thj trung cc nuc ASEANnhu Malaysia
v Thi Lan. cc nuc ny, ngnh cng nghip t c quan chin luoc hon lin quan dn
tng trung GDP, cn cn thuong mai v khi luong xut khu. y l ngnh then cht ca
cc nuc ny. Tuy nhin, khng nn dnh gi thp tm quan trong ca ngnh t Vit Nam.
Truc ht, dy l ngnh s dung lao dng dng k: Hon 60.000 ngui lm vic trong cc nh
my thnh vin ca Hip hi Cc nh Sn Xut t Vit Nam (VAMA). iu ny c ngha, tnh
c nhng ngui phu thuc trong h gia dnh, c hon 200.000 ngui sinh sng phu thuc vo
ngnh cng nghip t (d l chua k dn ngnh cng nghip cung cp). Th hai, cc khon
dng thu ca cc thnh vin VAMAnm 2007 ln ti gn 1,5 t USD. Hon na, thj trung t
Vit Nam d chng minh duoc tc d tng trung dng k trong 2 - 3 nm qua, nhanh hon
nhiu so vi cc nuc lng ging. duy tr su tng trung nhu vy, ngnh cng nghip t
cn nhng quyt sch nhanh chng v bn vng ca Chnh ph Vit Nam. y l diu thuc su
dng trong nm 2009 vi cuc khng hong kinh t ton cu ti t nht trong vng 80 nm. Bt
chp khng hong, nm 2009 ngnh cng nghip t Vit Nam vn dat duoc kt qu tha
mn: S liu t VAMAchi ra rng cc nh ch tao t Vit Nam d dat gn 80.000 chic trong 3
qu du, bng vi mc gim 12% theo tng nm. Nhu cu thj trung vn ln manh v khi
luong xe trong c nm c th cao hon nm 2008.
Thj trung t gm c xe nguyn chic (CBU) duoc nhp khu mi hoc d qua s dung v
xe lp rp trong nuc t linh kin nhp khu (CKD). Thj trung CBU l thj trung quan trong
d cung cp cc chuyn gia CVv mt s chi tit k thut PCcao hon m hin khng duoc lp
rp Vit Nam, trong khi thj trung CKD chju trch nhim v hu ht cc model c doanh s
cao c thj trung CVv PC. Chnh sch ngnh cng nghip ca Chnh ph Vit Nam v cc
cuc dm phn vi ASEAN v biu thu xut nhp khu l vn d ht sc quan trong trong
vic xy dung thj trung CKDtrong nuc di vi vj th hin nay ca n. Cc nh sn xut CKD
l cc nh du tu c cam kt lu di vi Vit Nam v ngnh cng nghip t trong nuc. Nm
2008 dnh du nm du tin khi luong CKD d dat 100.000 chic. Con s ny cng tao co
hi ban du d ngh v t l ni dja ho cao hon cc phu tng t (tc l duoc sn xut Vit
Nam) d gip tng trung ngnh cng nghip ny. Nhung tc d tng trung ngnh cng
nghip cung cp linh kin t vn cn thp. iu ny s l mt thch thc: biu thu nhp
khu ca ASEAN vo Vit Nam s duoc loai b hon ton vo nm 2018, s dn dn vic
canh tranh truc tip ca cc nh sn xut CKDVit Nam vi cc thj trung trong khi ASEAN,
noi c cc nh lp rp t quy m ln tai ndonesia, Thi Lan v Malaysia.
V tuong lai chin luoc ca ngnh cng nghip t, EuroCham tin rng Chnh ph Vit Nam
khng nn qu bj chi phi bi vic thiu ngun cung cp tam thi cho cc sn phm t: L do
chnh cho vic thiu ngun cung cp ny l su nh hung ca nhng thay di thu ngn han
d tao ra su khng chc chn v hoach djnh cc khi luong cho cc nh sn xut dja phuong
trong nm 2009. Sp ti, khi luong t thj trung trong nuc ca Vit Nam cho nm 2010 v
2011 s vn thp so vi cc nuc trong khu vuc. Tuy nhin, EuroCham tin rng vi su h tro
hon na ca Chnh ph, ngnh cng nghip t Vit Nam c th pht trin dn mt quy m c
th chju duoc su canh tranh nuc ngoi thj trung trong nuc v cng lm cho Vit Nam tr
thnh mt trung tm sn xut ln ca ASEANv l co s xut khu. Quan trong l Chnh ph
Vit Nam v ngnh cng nghip t trong nuc phi hop cng nhau d xy dung mt l trnh
r rng cho chnh sch cng nghip t bao gm cc giai doan quyt djnh cho dn nm 2018.
AUTOMOTIVE
policy to cover the critical period up to 2018. But such a roadmap can only be defined if
government ministries and automotive manufacturers work closely together with one strategic
goal in mind: further developing the suppliers and the exports to make Vietnam a major ASEAN
production-hub and export base.
n this context, it is also important to address environmental issues: Efforts should be taken to
promote higher standards in fuel consumption, fuel quality, emissions and environmental
awareness in general. This goal will only be reached by focusing on high-technology vehicles.
With increasing traffic forecasted, Vietnam needs the best technology and innovate products
as soon as possible. n particular, modern engines will need much better fuel quality. This
improvement has to be reached even before alternative energies can be introduced. All these
have to be considered to reach the goals for higher environmental standards. Lastly, one major
prerequisite is certainly an improved infrastructure. With regards to the automotive industry,
this includes building and upgrading highways, roads and streets. t also means building
parking space in cities and also optimal traffic organization.
1. Tax regime: EuroCham recommends avoiding any tax increases or tax changes. Frequent
and often drastic changes in taxes (in particular VAT, SCT and registration tax) significantly
disrupt production lines, supply chains and retail operations of automotive players by creating
artificial peaks in market demand. To help the Vietnam auto market to recover in the short term,
st
VAT and the registration fee should not be increased at one time on January 1 , 2010, but
rather based upon a clear timetable based on a "soft landing (increase in many phases).
2. Tax incentives for automotive industry: n order to develop a solid automotive industry by
2018, it is important that a local supply chain for automotive components can flourish in
Vietnam. n order to stimulate inward investment in this sector, the government should consider
providing specific tax incentives for this type of investment.
3. Import duties on CKD parts: The Vietnam government should consider supporting the
CKD assembly industry by reducing the import duty on CKD parts. This will give domestic
assemblers the confidence to expand their production bases and enable them to better serve
growing domestic demand. This and additional regulations should also focus to boost export
possibilities for suppliers and auto manufacturers.
4. Definition of "used cars" in CBU import: With regards to CBU importation, the further
development of the domestic car industry faces some troubles because of the definition of
"used cars. This regulation is often abused as an illegal channel to import "almost new CBU
but with a lower import duty. llegal importers are thereby able to undercut both the domestic
CKDand the "new CBUimport market.
5. Focus on road buiIding: Road transportation remains the easiest and most cost efficient
method of transporting goods and people within Vietnam. However, traffic congestion is
becoming an increasingly significant problem for road users and for logistics networks in
Vietnam. The government should expand its road building program as a key plan to stimulate
economic growth.
T
149
Tuy nhin mt l trnh nhuvy chi c th duoc vach r nu cc B thuc Chnh ph v cc nh
sn xut t cng nhau lm vic cht ch vi muc dch chin luoc l: pht trin hon na cc
nh cung cp v khi luong xut khu d Vit Nam tr thnh mt trung tm sn xut ln ca
ASEANv cosxut khu.

Trong bi cnh ny, vic nu ra cc vn d mi trung cng l quan trong: cn n luc nng cao
cc tiu chun v tiu hao nhin liu, cht luong nhin liu, d pht thi v nhn thc v mi
trung ni chung. Muc tiu ny s chi dat duoc khi tp trung vo cc phuong tin c cng
ngh cao. Vi du bo luong giao thng dang ngy cng gia tng, Vit Nam cn nhng sn
phm mi v cng ngh tt nht cng sm cng tt. Cu th, dng co hin dai s cn cht
luong nhin liu tt hon nhiu. Ci tin ny phi dat duoc thm ch truc khi c th dua nng
luong thay th vo s dung. Tt c cc diu ny phi duoc xem xt d dat duoc cc muc tiu
v tiu chun mi trung cao hon. Cui cng mt diu kin tin quyt quan trong l ci thin co
s ha tng. i vi ngnh cng nghip t, vn d ny bao gm vic xy dung v nng cp
cc dung quc l v dung ph. iu ny cng c ngha l xy dung bi d xe trong cc
thnh ph v c vic t chc giao thng ti uu.
1. Ch d thu: EuroCham kin nghj trnh tng thu hay thay di thu. Nhng thay di
thung xuyn v thay di ln v thu (cu th l thu Gi trj gia tng, thu tiu thu dc bit v l
ph truc ba) d lm gin doan dng k cc dy chuyn sn xut, chui cung cp v cc hoat
dng bn l ca nhng bn tham gia vo ngnh t do xut hin nhng mc cu cao dim gi
tao trn thj trung. gip thj trung t Vit Nam hi phuc trong thi gian ngn, khng nn
tng thu GTGTv l ph truc ba mt ln vo thi dim 01/01/2010, m tt hon l cn c theo
l trnh r rng dua trn cos"ha cnh nhe nhng" (tng lm nhiu giai doan).
2. Uu di thu cho ngnh cng nghip t: pht trin mt ngnh cng nghip t vng
vng vo nm 2018, quan trong l chui cung cp linh kin t tai dja phuong c th pht trin
manh Vit Nam. khuyn khch du tuvo ngnh ny trong nuc, Chnh ph nn xem xt
vic dua ra nhng uu di thu r rng cho loai hnh du tuny.
3. Thu nhp khu di vi Iinh kin CKD: Chnh ph Vit Nam nn xem xt vic h tro
ngnh lp rp CKDbng cch gim thu nhp khu di vi cc linh kin CKD. iu ny s tao
lng tin cho cc nh lp rp trong nuc d m rng co s sn xut v gip ho c th dp ng
tt hon nhu cu dang gia tng trong nuc. Vn d ny v nhng quy djnh thm cng nn tp
trung vo vic dy manh kh nng xut khu cho cc nh cung cp v cc nh ch tao t.
4. [nhngha "xe d s dng" trong nhp khu CBU: V nhp khu CBU, su pht trin hon
na ca ngnh cng nghip t trong nuc dang di mt vi mt s vn d rc ri bi djnh
ngha "xe d s dung". Quy djnh ny thung bj lam dung nhumt knh bt hop php d nhp
khu "hu ht" CBU mi nhung c thu nhp khu thp hon. Theo cch d nhng nh nhp
khu bt hop php c th bn ha gi trn c thj trung CKD trong nuc v thj trung nhp
khu CBU"mi".
5. Tp trung vo xy dng dung s: Giao thng dung b vn l cch thun tin nht v
hiu qu nht v chi ph d vn chuyn hng ho v ngui tai Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, tnh trang
tc nghn giao thng dang ngy cng tr thnh mt vn d quan trong di vi xe c luu thng
trn dung v mang lui hu cn Vit Nam. Chnh ph Vit Nam nn mrng chuong trnh
xy dung dung s nhumt k hoach then cht nhm khuyn khch tng trung kinh t.
III. KINNGH[
RETAIL AND DISTRIBUTION
I. OVERVIEW
II. LICENSING
Since January 2009, foreign-invested companies engaging in distribution services are
permitted to engage in the commission agents, wholesale and retail business of all legally
imported and domestically produced products. As from 1 January 2010 foreign entities
conducting activities of distribution, such as commission, wholesale and retail activities will be
able to extend their scope of business to all legally imported and domestically produced goods,
including cement, tyres, papers, iron and steel, wines and spirits which were formerly under
restriction. However, at this time, the establishment of 100% foreign-owned capital companies
in the distribution sector still remains subject to significant administrative and procedural
obstacles at local and central level. Similarly, provision of commission agents' services and
other commercial intermediary activities remains greatly restricted.
n particular, the establishment of outlets for retail services (beyond the first one) shall be
allowed on the basis of an "Economic Needs Test (ENT). Pursuant to Appendix No. 1 attached
to the Decision No. 10 /2007/Q-BTM dated May 21, 2007 issued by the Ministry of Trade (now
called Ministry of ndustry and Trade), ENT is based on following criteria (Decision No. 10
/2007/Q-BTM dated May 21, 2007 issued by the Ministry of ndustry and Trade):
the current number of service providers within a geographical area;
market stability; and
the size of the geographical area.
However, there are still no regulations promulgated to clarify or detail above criteria.
Recommendation: EuroCham notes that ENTs are banned by the WTO's general agreement
on trade in services because they introduce an element of subjective discretion in the licensing
of foreign service providers and may be abused as protective tool. Overall, it seems that at this
time the ENT appears to be more of a market access barrier for foreign investors and the
opening of subsequent retail outlets by foreign investors depends on the area's actual
economic needs. This is contrary Vietnam's commitment to grant full market access in 2009 for
foreign investors wishing to participate in the distribution business. EuroCham recommends
that: 1. the schedule for implementation of trading and distribution activities is observed and
fully completed without delay; and 2. the Government clarifies and specifies the scope of the
ENT and encourages the local authorities to adopt a uniform and comprehensive
interpretation.
Subject to scope of each investment project, there are 2 processes under the Law on
nvestment:
1. Registration under the Investment Law: Foreign-invested projects with investment capital
below 300bn dong and not included in the Conditional List are also subject to investment
registration procedures. The investors should be issued with an nvestment Certificate (article
46). Article 46(3) requires the registration of foreign-invested projects within 15 days after the
registration authority receives the proper registration documents.

BN L V PHN PHI
151
I. TONG QUAN
II. CPPHP
K t thng 1/2009, cng ty c vn du tu nuc ngoi tham gia vo djch vu phn phi duoc
php lm dai l hoa hng, kinh doanh bn bun v bn l tt c cc sn phm sn xut trong
nuc v nhp khu hop php. K t ngy 01/01/2010 cc t chc nuc ngoi thuc hin hoat
dng phn phi nhu hung hoa hng, bn bun v bn l s c th m rng pham vi kinh
doanh ca mnh cho tt c hng ho sn xut trong nuc v nhp khu hop php, k c xi
mng, lp xe, giy, st thp v ruou m truc dy khng duoc php. Tuy nhin, trong thi gian
ny, vic thnh lp cc cng ty 100% vn nuc ngoi trong lnh vuc phn phi vn chju nhng
tr ngai ln v th tuc hnh chnh cp dja phuong v trung uong. Tuong tu nhu vy, vic
cung cp cc djch vu ca cc dai l hoa hng v cc hoat dng trung gian thuong mai khc vn
bj han ch rt nhiu.
Cu th, vic thnh lp cc dim djch vu bn l (ngoi dim thnh lp ban du) phi duoc cn
c vo kt qu "Thm djnh Nhu cu Kinh t" (ENT). Cn c Phu luc 1 km theo Quyt djnh s
10/2007/Q-BTM ngy 21/05/2007 ca B Thuong mai ban hnh (nay l B Cng Thuong),
ENTduoc dua trn cc tiu ch sau dy (Quyt djnh s 10/2007/QD-BTM ngy 21/05/2007 do
B Cng Thuong ban hnh):
S luong nh cung cp djch vu hin tai trong khu vuc dja l;
Tnh n djnh ca thj trung; v
Quy m ca khu vuc dja l.
Tuy nhin, vn khng c cc quy ch quy djnh r hay cu th ha cc tiu ch trn.
Kin ngh[: EuroCham nhn thy rng Hip jnh Thuong mai chung ca WTO v djch vu cm
p dung ENT v ENT mt yu t thn trong mang tnh ch quan trong vic cp php cho cc
nh cung cp djch vu nuc ngoi v c th bj lam dung nhu cng cu bo v. Ni chung, c v
trong thi gian ny, ENT l ro cn thj trung cho cc nh du tu nuc ngoi v vic cc nh
du tu nuc ngoi sau d m cc dim bn l phu thuc vo nhu cu kinh t thuc su ca khu
vuc. iu ny l tri vi cam kt ca Vit Nam trong vic cho php cc nh du tunuc ngoi
mun tham gia kinh doanh phn phi thm nhp thj trung nm 2009. EuroCham kin nghj
rng: 1. L trnh cho php cc hoat dng thuong mai v phn phi duoc tin hnh v hon
thin ngay; v 2. Chnh ph lm r v nu r pham vi ca ENT v khuyn khch cc nh chc
trch dja phuong c cch hiu thng nht v ton din.
Theo Lut du tu, c hai th tuc, ty thuc vo pham vi ca mi du n du tu, c 2 quy trnh
theo Lut v u tu.
1. ng k theo Lut u tu: Cc du n c vn du tu nuc ngoi vi s vn du tu dui
300 t dng v khng thuc Danh muc du tu c diu kin cng phi thuc hin cc th tuc dng
k du tu. Cc Nh du tu phi duoc cp Giy chng nhn u tu (iu 46). iu 46(3) yu
cu dng k cc du n c vn du tu nuc ngoi trong vng 15 ngy sau khi co quan dng k
nhn duoc h sodng k hop thc.

RETAIL AND DISTRIBUTION
2. EvaIuation under the Investment Law: Projects subject to the more burdensome
evaluation process include: (i) domestic and foreign-invested projects with investment capital
less than 300bn dong but that are on the Conditional List; (ii) domestic and foreign-invested
projects with investment capital of 300bn dong or more and that are included on the Conditional
List; and (iii) domestic and foreign-invested projects with investment capital of 300bn dong or
more but that are not included on the Conditional List (articles 47-49).
The contents of the investment file to be submitted and the criteria for evaluation will differ
slightly according to which of the above three criteria applies. However, in all cases the time
limit or evaluation must not exceed 30 days, or where necessary 45 days, from the date of
receipt of a complete and valid investment file (article 47.2). The investor will be granted an
nvestment Certificate upon completion of a satisfactory evaluation.
Following legal documents making details processes of applying for and issuing an investment
certificate (former called investment license), especially in distribution sector:
Decree 108-2006-ND-CP of the Government dated 22 September 2006 providing
guidelines for implementation of a number of articles of Lawon nvestment;
Decree 23-2007-ND-CP of the Government dated 12 February 2007 implementing
the Commercial Law regarding activities of purchase and sale of goods and activities
directly related to purchase and sale of goods by enterprises with foreign owned
capital in Vietnam;
Decision No. 10 /2007/Q-BTM of the Ministry of Trade dated May 21, 2007
announcing the schedule for implementation of trading and distribution activities;
Decision No. 1088/2006/QD-BKHof the Ministry of Planning and nvestment dated 19
September 2006 issuing standard forms for conducting investment procedures in
Vietnam.
III. LEGALDOCUMENTS
BN L V PHN PHI
153
2. nh gi theo Lut u tu: Cc du n phi tun th quy trnh dnh gi phc tap hon bao
gm: (i) cc du n c vn du tutrong nuc v nuc ngoi vi s vn du tudui 300 t dng
nhung thuc Danh muc du tu c diu kin, (ii) cc du n c vn du tu trong nuc v nuc
ngoi vi s vn du tu t 300 t dng tr ln v thuc Danh muc du tu c diu kin; v (iii)
cc du n c vn du tutrong nuc v nuc ngoi c vn du tut 300 t dng trln nhung
khng thuc Danh muc du tu c diu kin (cc iu 47-49).
Ni dung ca h sodu tus d trnh v cc tiu ch dnh gi s hoi khc ty vo vic p dung
tiu ch no trong 3 ci nu trn. Tuy nhin, trong tt c cc trung hop,thi gian han djnh hay
dnh gi khng duoc qu 30 ngy hoc nu cn thit th l 45 ngy, k t ngy nhn duoc h
so du tuhon chinh v hop l (iu 47.2). Nh du tus duoc cp Giy chng nhn u tu
sau khi dp ng duoc cc tiu ch.
Cc vn bn php l sau dy nu chi tit cc quy trnh np don v cp giy chng nhn du tu
(truc dy goi l giy php du tu), nht l trong ngnh phn phi:
Nghj djnh 108-2006-N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 22/09/2006 hung dn thuc hin
mt s iu ca Lut u tu;
Nghj djnh 23-2007-N-CPca Chnh ph ngy 12/02/2007 hung dn thuc hin Lut
Thuong mai v cc hoat dng mua bn hng ho v cc hoat dng c lin quan truc
tip dn mua bn hng ho ca cc doanh nghip c vn du tu nuc ngoi tai Vit
Nam;
Quyt djnh s 10/2007/Q-BTM ca B Thuong mai ban hnh ngy 21/05/2007 cng
b l trnh thuc hin cc hoat dng mua bn hng ha v cc hoat dng phn phi;
Quyt djnh s 1088/2006/QD-BKH ca B K hoach v u tu ban hnh ngy
19/09/2006 quy djnh cc t khai chun cho vic thuc hin cc th tuc du tu Vit
Nam.
III. VNBNPHPL
ABOUT EUROCHAM
GII THIEU V EUROCHAM
Since its establishment with just 60 members in Ho Chi Minh City in 1998, the European
Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam has grown to represent more than 650 European
businesses, counting among its supporters many of the world's leading enterprises.
As the lead organization representing European business interests in Vietnam, EuroCham now
represents and works in partnership with German Business Association in Vietnam (GBA), the
French Chamber of Commerce and ndustry in Vietnam (CCFV), the Dutch Business
Association Vietnam (DBAV), Belgium Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam
(BeluxCham), the talian Chamber of Commerce (CHAM), and the Hanoi chapter of the Nordic
Chamber of Commerce Vietnam (NordCham).
EuroCham is also a member of the European Business Organisations (EBO) Network, which
works to represent the interests of European business in over 20 countries across the globe.
With offices in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the chamber now works not only to represent
the interests of our many members, but to improve the business environment in Vietnam for the
benefit of all players and to help Vietnamese enterprises to successfully meet the many
challenges posed by the nation's ongoing global economic integration.
For more information on EuroCham, visit the chamber's website at www.eurochamvn.org
K t khi thnh lp vi chi 60 Hi vin tai Thnh ph H Ch Minh nm 1998, Phng Thuong
mai chu u tai Vit Nam d pht trin thnh dai din ca hon 650 doanh nghip chu u, trong
d c nhiu doanh nghip hng du th gii.
L t chc dng du dai din cho cc quyn loi doanh nghip chu u tai Vit Nam, EuroCham
hin dai din v l di tc vi Hip hi doanh nghip c tai Vit Nam (GBA), Phng Thuong
mai v Cng nghip Php tai Vit Nam (CCFV), Hip hi doanh nghip H Lan tai Vit Nam
(DBAV), Phng Thuong mai v Cng nghip Bi - Luxemburg tai Vit Nam (BeluxCham), Hip
hi Doanh nghip (CHAM), v Chi nhnh H Ni ca Phng Thuong mai v Cng nghip
Bc u (NordCham).
EuroCham cng l mt thnh vin ca mang lui cc T chc Doanh nghip chu u (EBO),
dai din cho quyn loi ca cc doanh nghip chu u tai 20 quc gia trn ton cu.
Vi cc vn phng tai H Ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh, EuroCham hin khng chi lm vic
cho quyn loi ca cc Hi vin m cn gp phn ci thin mi trung kinh doanh tai Vit Nam v
loi ich ca tt c cc bn lin quan v gip cc doanh nghip Vit Nam dp ng mt cch thnh
cng nhng thch thc ny sinh trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t ton cu ca dt nuc.
c thm thng tin chi tit v EuroCham, xin mi gh thm www.eurochamvn.org
EuroCehIre
5Ih Floor, 49 Mac Dihh Chi SIreeI
DisIricI 1, Ho Chi Mihh CiIy, VieIham
1el: (84-8) 3827 2715, Fax: (84-8) 3827 2743
Email: [email protected]
0crman 8usncss AssocaIon

HANOI CHAPTER

Nordic Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam

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JkAbL lSSULS & kLCOMMLNbAJlONS

New Law on ntellectual Property (P) and reform of the criminal

Good progress / Achievement

IHE EbPOPEAN CHAM8EP OF COMMEPCE IN VIEINAM

Lut mi v Quyn s hu tr tu (P) v sa di B Lut Hnh su,

LNH VUC HIEN TRANG TIN Q 2008/2009 NH GI

The new Telecommunication Law provides a transparent and

Lut Vin thng mi ban hnh d cung cp mt khung php l cu th

Constant development in infrastructure and transportation matters;

Mc d co s ha tng v giao thng vn ti khng ngng pht trin,

Reducing the import duty on CKDparts.

Gim bt thu nhp khu cho linh kin CKD.

IHE EbPOPEAN CHAM8EP OF COMMEPCE IN VIEINAM

PHNG THUONG MAI CHU U TAI VIT NAM

IHE EbPOPEAN CHAM8EP OF COMMEPCE IN VIEINAM

TRADE ISSUES & RECOMMENDATIONS 140

TRADE ISSUES & RECOMMENDATIONS 142

TRADE ISSUES & RECOMMENDATIONS 144

PHNG THUONG MAI CHU U TAI VIT NAM

IHE EbPOPEAN CHAM8EP OF COMMEPCE IN VIEINAM

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