GROSS MOTOR FUNCTION MEASURE (GMFM)

SCORE SHEET (GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 scoring)

Version 1.0

Child’s Name: ID #:

Assessment date: GMFCS Level 1

year / month /day
Date of birth:
year / month /day I II III IV V
Chronological age: Testing Conditions (eg, room, clothing, time,
years/months others present)
Evaluator’s Name:

The GMFM is a standardized observational instrument designed and validated to measure change in
gross motor function over time in children with cerebral palsy. The scoring key is meant to be a general
guideline. However, most of the items have specific descriptors for each score. It is imperative that the
guidelines contained in the manual be used for scoring each item.

SCORING KEY 0 = does not initiate

1 = initiates
2 = partially completes
3 = completes
NT = Not tested [used for the GMAE scoring*]

It is now important to differentiate a true score of “0” (child does not initiate)
from an item which is Not Tested (NT) if you are interested in using the
GMFM-66 Ability Estimator Software.

*The GMFM-66 Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE) software is available with the GMFM manual (2002). The advantage of
the software is the conversion of the ordinal scale into an interval scale. This will allow for a more accurate estimate of the child’s
ability and provide a measure that is equally responsive to change across the spectrum of ability levels. Items that are used in the
calculation of the GMFM-66 score are shaded and identified with an asterisk (*). The GMFM-66 is only valid for use with children
who have cerebral palsy.

Contact for Research Group:

Dianne Russell, CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Institute for
Applied Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. W., Rm. 408, Hamilton, L8S 1C7
Tel: North America - 1 905 525-9140 Ext: 27850
Tel: All other countries - 001 905 525-9140 Ext: 27850
E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 1 905 522-6095
Website: www.fhs.mcmaster.ca/canchild

1
GMFCS level is a rating of severity of motor function. Definitions are found in Appendix I of the GMFM manual (2002).

© Mac Keith Press, 2002 Page 1 GMFM SCORE SHEET

Check (Þ ) the appropriate score: if an item is not tested (NT), circle the item number in the right column
Item A: LYING & ROLLING SCORE NT
1. SUP, HEAD IN MIDLINE: TURNS HEAD WITH EXTREMITIES SYMMETRICAL................................... 0 1 2 3 1.
* 2. I THE OTHER ..................................................
SUP: BRINGS HANDS TO MIDLINE, FINGERS ONE WITH 0 1 2 3 2.
3. SUP: LIFTS HEAD 45°........................................................................................................ 0 1 2 3 3.
4. SUP: FLEXES R HIP AND KNEE THROUGH FULL RANGE ................................................................... 0 1 2 3 4.
5. SUP: FLEXES L HIP AND KNEE THROUGH FULL RANGE ..................................................................... 0 1 2 3 5.
* 6. SUP: REACHES OUT WITH R ARM, HAND CROSSES MIDLINE TOWARD TOY ......................................... 0 1 2 3 6.
* 7. SUP: REACHES OUT WITH L ARM, HAND CROSSES MIDLINE TOWARD TOY.......................................... 0 1 2 3 7.
8. SUP: ROLLS TO PR OVER R SIDE ........................................................................................... 0 1 2 3 8.
9. SUP: ROLLS TO PR OVER L SIDE ............................................................................................ 0 1 2 3 9.
* 10. PR: LIFTS HEAD UPRIGHT ...................................................................................................... 0 1 2 3 10.
11. PR ON FOREARMS: LIFTS HEAD UPRIGHT, ELBOWS EXT., CHEST RAISED .................................... 0 1 2 3 11.
12. PR ON FOREARMS: WEIGHT ON R FOREARM, FULLY EXTENDS OPPOSITE ARM FORWARD .............. 0 1 2 3 12.
13. PR ON FOREARMS: WEIGHT ON L FOREARM, FULLY EXTENDS OPPOSITE ARM FORWARD ............... 0 1 2 3 13.
14. PR: ROLLS TO SUP OVER R SIDE ............................................................................................ 0 1 2 3 14.
15. PR: ROLLS TO SUP OVER L SIDE............................................................................................. 0 1 2 3 15.
16. PR: PIVOTS TO R 90° USING EXTREMITIES............................................................................... 0 1 2 3 16.
17. PR: PIVOTS TO L 90° USING EXTREMITIES ............................................................................... 0 1 2 3 17.

TOTAL DIMENSION A

Item B: SITTING SCORE NT

* 18. SUP, HANDS GRASPED BY EXAMINER: PULLS SELF TO SITTING WITH HEAD CONTROL .......... 0 1 2 3 18.
19. SUP: ROLLS TO R SIDE, ATTAINS SITTING ................................................................................. 0 1 2 3 19.
20. SUP: ROLLS TO L SIDE, ATTAINS SITTING ................................................................................. 0 1 2 3 20.
SIT ON MAT, SUPPORTED AT THORAX BY THERAPIST: LIFTS HEAD UPRIGHT, MAINTAINS
* 21. 0 1 2 3 21.
3 SECONDS ........................................................................................................................

SIT ON MAT, SUPPORTED AT THORAX BY THERAPIST: LIFTS HEAD MIDLINE, MAINTAINS

* 22. 0 1 2 3 22.
10 SECONDS ......................................................................................................................
* 23. SIT ON MAT, ARM(S) PROPPING: MAINTAINS, 5 SECONDS................................................ 0 1 2 3 23.
* 24. SIT ON MAT: MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 3 SECONDS .................................................................... 0 1 2 3 24.

* 25. SIT ON MAT WITH SMALL TOY IN FRONT: LEANS FORWARD, TOUCHES TOY, RE-ERECTS
WITHOUT ARM PROPPING........................................................................................................ 0 1 2 3 25.

* 26. SIT ON MAT: TOUCHES TOY PLACED 45° BEHIND CHILD’S R SIDE, RETURNS TO START.................... 0 1 2 3 26.
* 27. SIT ON MAT: TOUCHES TOY PLACED 45° BEHIND CHILD’S L SIDE, RETURNS TO START .................... 0 1 2 3 27.
28. R SIDE SIT: MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 5 SECONDS .................................................................... 0 1 2 3 28.
29. L SIDE SIT: MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 5 SECONDS ..................................................................... 0 1 2 3 29.
* 30. SIT ON MAT: LOWERS TO PR WITH CONTROL .......................................................................... 0 1 2 3 30.
* 31. SIT ON MAT WITH FEET IN FRONT: ATTAINS 4 POINT OVER R SIDE .................................. 0 1 2 3 31.
* 32. SIT ON MAT WITH FEET IN FRONT: ATTAINS 4 POINT OVER L SIDE ................................... 0 1 2 3 32.
33. SIT ON MAT: PIVOTS 90°, WITHOUT ARMS ASSISTING ............................................................. 0 1 2 3 33.
* 34. SIT ON BENCH: MAINTAINS, ARMS AND FEET FREE, 10 SECONDS .............................................. 0 1 2 3 34.
* 35. STD: ATTAINS SIT ON SMALL BENCH ........................................................................................ 0 1 2 3 35.
* 36. ON THE FLOOR: ATTAINS SIT ON SMALL BENCH ..................................................................... 0 1 2 3 36.
* 37. ON THE FLOOR: ATTAINS SIT ON LARGE BENCH .................................................................... 0 1 2 3 37.

TOTAL DIMENSION B

©Mac Keith Press, 2002 Page 2 GMFM SCORE SHEET

Item C: CRAWLING & KNEELING SCORE NT
38. PR: CREEPS FORWARD 1.8m (6') ......................................................................................... 0 1 2 3 38.
* 39. 4 POINT: MAINTAINS, WEIGHT ON HANDS AND KNEES, 10 SECONDS .............................................. 0 1 2 3 39.
* 40. 4 POINT: ATTAINS SIT ARMS FREE ......................................................................................... 0 1 2 3 40.
* 41. PR: ATTAINS 4 POINT, WEIGHT ON HANDS AND KNEES .................................................................. 0 1 2 3 41.
* 42. 4 POINT: REACHES FORWARD WITH R ARM, HAND ABOVE SHOULDER LEVEL .................................... 0 1 2 3 42.
* 43. 4 POINT: REACHES FORWARD WITH L ARM, HAND ABOVE SHOULDER LEVEL .................................... 0 1 2 3 43.
* 44. 4 POINT: CRAWLS OR HITCHES FORWARD 1.8m (6') ................................................................. 0 1 2 3 44.
* 45. 4 POINT: CRAWLS RECIPROCALLY FORWARD 1.8m (6') ............................................................ 0 1 2 3 45.
* 46. 4 POINT: CRAWLS UP 4 STEPS ON HANDS AND KNEES/FEET ........................................................ 0 1 2 3 46.
47. 4 POINT: CRAWLS BACKWARDS DOWN 4 STEPS ON HANDS AND KNEES/FEET ................................... 0 1 2 3 47.
* 48. SIT ON MAT: ATTAINS HIGH KN USING ARMS, MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 10 SECONDS ......................... 0 1 2 3 48.
49. HIGH KN: ATTAINS HALF KN ON R KNEE USING ARMS, MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 10 SECONDS .............. 0 1 2 3 49.
50. HIGH KN: ATTAINS HALF KN ON L KNEE USING ARMS, MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 10 SECONDS ............... 0 1 2 3 50.
* 51. HIGH KN: KN WALKS FORWARD 10 STEPS, ARMS FREE .............................................................. 0 1 2 3 51.

TOTAL DIMENSION C

Item D: STANDING SCORE NT

* 52. ON THE FLOOR: PULLS TO STD AT LARGE BENCH .................................................................. 0 1 2 3 52.
* 53. STD: MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 3 SECONDS ................................................................................ 0 1 2 3 53.
* 54. STD: HOLDING ON TO LARGE BENCH WITH ONE HAND, LIFTS R FOOT, 3 SECONDS .............................. 0 1 2 3 54.
* 55. STD: HOLDING ON TO LARGE BENCH WITH ONE HAND, LIFTS L FOOT, 3 SECONDS .............................. 0 1 2 3 55.
* 56. STD: MAINTAINS, ARMS FREE, 20 SECONDS .............................................................................. 0 1 2 3 56.
* 57. STD: LIFTS L FOOT, ARMS FREE, 10 SECONDS.......................................................................... 0 1 2 3 57.
* 58. STD: LIFTS R FOOT, ARMS FREE, 10 SECONDS ......................................................................... 0 1 2 3 58.
* 59. SIT ON SMALL BENCH: ATTAINS STD WITHOUT USING ARMS .................................................. 0 1 2 3 59.
* 60. HIGH KN: ATTAINS STD THROUGH HALF KN ON R KNEE, WITHOUT USING ARMS ................................ 0 1 2 3 60.
* 61. HIGH KN: ATTAINS STD THROUGH HALF KN ON L KNEE, WITHOUT USING ARMS ................................. 0 1 2 3 61.
* 62. STD: LOWERS TO SIT ON FLOOR WITH CONTROL, ARMS FREE ......................................................... 0 1 2 3 62.
* 63. STD: ATTAINS SQUAT, ARMS FREE .......................................................................................... 0 1 2 3 63.
* 64. STD: PICKS UP OBJECT FROM FLOOR, ARMS FREE, RETURNS TO STAND ............................................ 0 1 2 3 64.

TOTAL DIMENSION D

©Mac Keith Press, 2002 Page 3 GMFM SCORE SHEET

Item E: WALKING, RUNNING & JUMPING SCORE NT
* 65. STD, 2 HANDS ON LARGE BENCH: CRUISES 5 STEPS TO R............................... 0 1 2 3 65.
* 66. STD, 2 HANDS ON LARGE BENCH: CRUISES 5 STEPS TO L ............................... 0 1 2 3 66.
* 67. STD, 2 HANDS HELD: WALKS FORWARD 10 STEPS................................................ 0 1 2 3 67.
* 68. STD, 1 HAND HELD: WALKS FORWARD 10 STEPS .................................................. 0 1 2 3 68.
* 69. STD: WALKS FORWARD 10 STEPS ............................................................................ 0 1 2 3 69.
* 70. STD: WALKS FORWARD 10 STEPS, STOPS, TURNS 180°, RETURNS ................................. 0 1 2 3 70.
* 71. STD: WALKS BACKWARD 10 STEPS .......................................................................... 0 1 2 3 71.
* 72. STD: WALKS FORWARD 10 STEPS, CARRYING A LARGE OBJECT WITH 2 HANDS ................... 0 1 2 3 72.
* 73. STD: WALKS FORWARD 10 CONSECUTIVE STEPS BETWEEN PARALLEL LINES 20cm (8") APART 0 1 2 3 73.
* 74. STD: WALKS FORWARD 10 CONSECUTIVE STEPS ON A STRAIGHT LINE 2cm (3/4") WIDE........ 0 1 2 3 74.
* 75. STD: STEPS OVER STICK AT KNEE LEVEL, R FOOT LEADING............................................. 0 1 2 3 75.
* 76. STD: STEPS OVER STICK AT KNEE LEVEL, L FOOT LEADING ............................................. 0 1 2 3 76.
* 77. STD: RUNS 4.5m (15’), STOPS & RETURNS ............................................................... 0 1 2 3 77.
* 78. STD: KICKS BALL WITH R FOOT ............................................................................... 0 1 2 3 78.
* 79. STD: KICKS BALL WITH L FOOT ................................................................................ 0 1 2 3 79.
* 80. STD: JUMPS 30cm (12") HIGH, BOTH FEET SIMULTANEOUSLY........................................ 0 1 2 3 80.
* 81. STD: JUMPS FORWARD 30 cm (12"), BOTH FEET SIMULTANEOUSLY ............................... 0 1 2 3 81.
* 82. STD ON R FOOT: HOPS ON R FOOT 10 TIMES WITHIN A 60cm (24") CIRCLE .............. 0 1 2 3 82.
* 83. STD ON L FOOT: HOPS ON L FOOT 10 TIMES WITHIN A 60cm (24") CIRCLE ............... 0 1 2 3 83.
* 84. STD, HOLDING 1 RAIL: WALKS UP 4 STEPS, HOLDING 1 RAIL, ALTERNATING FEET......... 0 1 2 3 84.
* 85. STD, HOLDING 1 RAIL: WALKS DOWN 4 STEPS, HOLDING 1 RAIL, ALTERNATING FEET ...... 0 1 2 3 85.
* 86. STD: WALKS UP 4 STEPS, ALTERNATING FEET ............................................................. 0 1 2 3 86.
* 87. STD: WALKS DOWN 4 STEPS, ALTERNATING FEET ......................................................... 0 1 2 3 87.
* 88. STD ON 15cm (6") STEP: JUMPS OFF, BOTH FEET SIMULTANEOUSLY .......................... 0 1 2 3 88.
TOTAL DIMENSION E

Was this assessment indicative of this child’s “regular” performance? YES NO

COMMENTS:

©Mac Keith Press, 2002 Page 4 GMFM SCORE SHEET

 GMFM RAW SUMMARY SCORE

DIMENSION CALCULATION OF DIMENSION % SCORES GOAL AREA

(indicated with check)

Total Dimension A = ´ 100 = % A.

A. Lying & Rolling
51 51
Total Dimension B = ´ 100 = % B.
B. Sitting
60 60
Total Dimension C = ´ 100 = % C.
C. Crawling & Kneeling
42 42
Total Dimension D = ´ 100 = % D.
D. Standing
39 39
E. Walking, Running & Total Dimension E = ´ 100 = % E.
Jumping 72 72

TOTAL SCORE = %A + %B + %C + %D + %E
Total # of Dimensions

= + + + + = = %
5 5

GOAL TOTAL SCORE = Sum of % scores for each dimension identified as a goal area
# of Goal areas
= = %

GMFM-66 Gross Motor Ability Estimator Score 1

GMFM-66 Score = ___________ to __________
95% Confidence Intervals
previous GMFM-66 Score = ___________ to __________
95% Confidence Intervals
change in GMFM-66 =

1 from the Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE) Software

©Mac Keith Press, 2002 Page 5 GMFM SCORE SHEET

 TESTING WITH AIDS/ORTHOSES
Indicate below with a check ( ) which aid/orthosis was used and what dimension it was first applied. (There may be more than one).
AID DIMENSION ORTHOSIS DIMENSION
Rollator/Pusher...................................... Hip Control...........................................
Walker................................................... Knee Control........................................
H Frame Crutches................................. Ankle-Foot Control................................
Crutches ............................................... Foot Control .........................................
Quad Cane ........................................... Shoes...................................................
Cane ..................................................... None ....................................................
None ..................................................... Other

Other (please specify)

(please specify)

RAW SUMMARY SCORE USING AIDS/ORTHOSES

DIMENSION CALCULATION OF DIMENSION % SCORES GOAL AREA

(indicated with check)

Total Dimension A = ´ 100 = % A.

F. Lying & Rolling
51 51
Total Dimension B = ´ 100 = % B.
G. Sitting
60 60
Total Dimension C = ´ 100 = % C.
H. Crawling & Kneeling
42 42
Total Dimension D = ´ 100 = % D.
I. Standing
39 39
J. Walking, Running & Total Dimension E = ´ 100 = % E.
Jumping 72 72
TOTAL SCORE = %A + %B + %C + %D + %E
Total # of Dimensions

= + + + + = = %
5 5
GOAL TOTAL SCORE = Sum of % scores for each dimension identified as a goal area
# of Goal areas

= = %

GMFM-66 Gross Motor Ability Estimator Score 1

GMFM-66 Score = _________________ _________ to _________
95% Confidence Intervals
previous GMFM-66 Score = _________________ _________ to _________
95% Confidence Intervals
change in GMFM-66 = _________________

1 from the Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE) Software

©Mac Keith Press, 2002 Page 6 GMFM SCORE SHEET