A Matlab / Simulink Based Tool For Power Electronic Circuits
A Matlab / Simulink Based Tool For Power Electronic Circuits
A Matlab / Simulink Based Tool For Power Electronic Circuits
+ = =
V
d V V
mean
(2)
Inspection of the waveforms clearly shows that the greater
the firing delay angle the lower is the mean load voltage,
equation 2 confirmation that it falls to zero when =180
o
.
The thyristor voltage waveform V
t
(Fig. 4) shows a positive
voltage during the delay period and also both the peak
forward and peak reverse voltage are equal to V
max
of the
supply.
Inspection of the waveforms in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 clearly
shows the two roles of the commutating diode, to prevent
negative load voltage and to allow the thyristor to regain its
blocking state at the voltage zero by transferring (or
commutating) the load current away from the thyristor.
Fig. 3b Thyristor voltage waveforms for single phase half wave
control circuit with commutating diode with =30
o
, =120
o
A. Fully Controlled Single Phase Converter
The main elements of a fully controlled single phase
converter are illustrated in Fig. 4, comprise four thyristors
connected in a bridge formation [5]. The positive load
terminal can be connected (via Thy1) to terminal A or (via
Thy2) to terminal B of the input source and likewise the
negative load terminal can be connected either to A or to B via
Thy3 or Thy4 respectively.
The interest is to find the model operation applicability of
the output voltage waveform on the d.c. side and in particular
to discover how it can be controlled by varying the firing
delay angle . The voltage waveform for a given will
=30
o
=120
o
Time \ sec
Time \ sec
Vs=V*sin*wt V
d
Voltage
Voltage
PROCEEDINGS OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 37 JANUARY 2009 ISSN 2070-3740
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depend up on the nature of the load and to explore the basic
mechanism of phase control the case where the load is a
resistive is considered.
.
.
.
.
L
O
A
D
Fig. 4 Fully Controlled Single Phase Converter
Fig. 5a Output voltage waveforms of signal phase fully controlled
rectifier with resistive load for firing angle delays of 60
o
Thyristors Thy1 and Thy4 are fired together when terminal
A of the supply is positive while on the other half cycle when
B is positive Thy2 and Thy3 are fired simultaneously. The
output voltage waveforms are illustrated in Fig. 5. At every
instant the load is either connected to the mains by the pair of
switches Thy1 and Thy4 or it is connected by the pair of
switches Thy2 and Thy3 or it is disconnected. It is much
smoother than in the single pulse circuit, although again it is
far from pure d.c.
The waveform shown in Fig. 5a corresponds to =60
o
,
while Fig. 5b is for =120
o
. It is clear that the larger the delay
angle the lower the output voltage.
The maximum output voltage (V
do
) is obtained with =0,
and given by:
rms do
V V . 2 .
2
=
(3)
Where V
max
is the r.m.s voltage of the incoming mains.
Obviously when is zero the output voltage is the same as it
would be for an uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier, since the
thyristors conduct for the whole of the half cycle for which
they are forward biased. The variation of the mean d.c.
voltage with is given by:
do dc
V V ). cos 1 (
2
1
+ =
(4)
Fig 5b: Output voltage waveforms for resistive load for =120
o
From which it can be seen that with a resistive load the d.c
voltage can be varied from a maximum of V
do
down to zero
by varying from 0 to 180
O
.
B. Inductive Load
Motor loads are inductive and it is well known that the
current cannot change instantaneously in an inductive load.
Therefore the behaviour of the converter with an inductive
load differs from that of a converter with a resistive load.
With a fixed , the mean output voltage with a resistive-
inductive load is not the same as with a purely resistive load
and therefore it is difficult to give a simple general formula for
the mean output voltage in terms of .
Thy1
Thy2
Thy3
Thy4
A
B
Time \ sec
Firing Pulse
Time \ sec
Firing Pulse
Voltage
Voltage
PROCEEDINGS OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 37 JANUARY 2009 ISSN 2070-3740
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However, fortunately it transpires that the output voltage
for a given does become independent of the load inductance
once there is sufficient inductance to prevent the load current
from falling to zero. This condition is known as continuous
current and many motor circuits have sufficient self
inductance to ensure that this condition is achieved. Under
continuous current conditions the output voltage waveform
only depends on the firing angle, and not on the actual value
of the inductance present in the circuit. This makes matters
straightforward and typical output voltage waveforms for this
continuous current condition are illustrated in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 Output voltage waveforms for fully controlled rectifier
supplying an inductive load for =120
o
VI. CONCLUSION
The transient analysis of power electronic circuits presents
a case where any small amount of gain in speed in any aspect
of the solution accumulates into a large saving in costly
computer time due to the number of computations done.
Methods have been suggested to increase the computational
efficiency using the Matlab/Simulink package version 4.1 and
3.1. This is achieved by representing the thyristors based
converter systems by a series of switches. The power of the
simulation is evident in the clear presentation of the models in
this paper.
APPENDIX 1
Model for single phase half wave controlled rectifying circuit with
commutating diode
Time \ sec
PROCEEDINGS OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 37 JANUARY 2009 ISSN 2070-3740
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APPENDIX 2
Model for fully controlled single phase converter
REFERENCES
[1] Lavers J and Cheung R Analysis of power electronic circuits with
feedback control IEEE Proc, B, Vol. 137, no. 4 1990, P213-222.
[2] Bimal K. Bose, Recent Advances in Power Electronics IEEE Trans. on
power electronics, Vol. 7, January 1992, P1-12.
[3] Desai, N.R and Hong, K.V. Application of PSPICE simulation software
to the steady of optoelectronic integrated circuits and devices, IEEE
Trans, on Education, Vol 36, no. 4, November 1993, P357-362.
[4] Rogers. G. IEEE Computer Applications in Power Electronics. ISSN
0895-0156, Vol. 8, January 1995, P12-16.
[5] Cyril Lander. Power Electronics. 2
nd
edition, McGraw Hill Book 1987,
P37-49.
PROCEEDINGS OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 37 JANUARY 2009 ISSN 2070-3740
PWASET VOLUME 37 JANUARY 2009 ISSN 2070-3740 279 2009 WASET.ORG