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trSwf (36)
jo*kwf/ 2013 ckESpf?

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(23 - 7 - 2013)
1

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(1 - 8 - 2013)
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k a&;awmfykH
twGi;f aqmif&efEiS hf a&Smif&efukd (Auy taejzif)h wifjyvdak oma=umifh jzpfonf?
(2) ta&;awmfyw
kH ikd ;f onf tajctaet&yf&yf &ifrh n
S ahf erS jzpfay:avh&o
dS nf?
tajctae&ifrh n
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fh vm;/ r&ifrh n
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l x
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hJ cg
T (2) csuf jynfph &kH ygrnf?
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ywrf;enf;jzifh xdef;odrf;cJhonf? qdk&S,fvpfrd_if; wdkufcJhonf? wpHkw&matmifjrifcJhonf? tul;
tajymif;umv rd@k onf;cH=uzd@k ajymonf? 'gvnf; wpHw
k &matmifjrifco
hJ nf? od@k aomf aemufawmh
yGiu
hf sonf?
(u) jynfov
l x
l b
k ufu =unfv
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f yG cf cH &hJ onf? wwyf
csi;f xGu+f yD; pD;csi;f xd;k wdik ;f ESyd u
f yG cf &H wmeJ@ ed*;kH csKyfonf? (ausmif;om;wyf/ ausmif;om;eJ@
ynmwwfvil ,frsm;wyf/ tvkyo
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l ,form;rsm;u yG=J unfyh &dowfvkd jzpfaecJo
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Ttajctaeudk Auy u oH;k oyf+yD;
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h a&;awmfykH wyfom;a[mif;}uD;rsm; udk v_@H aqmf
onf? pnf;H;k onf?
2

_ynfolhtm%m
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Adv
k af e0if; ppftm%m&Sipf epfukd rwdu
k zf suEf ikd v
f #if rdrw
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Adv
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wH@k jyefonf? OD;Ekuawmh ol@x;kH pHtwdik ;f ta&;uHvmv#if armifEu
k kd a&S@q;kH u awG@ap&rnf
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k af e0if;qDomG ;+yD; t}uHay;wm vkyo
f nf [k od&onf?
aemufawmh Adv
k af tmif}uD; tdwzf iG ahf y;pmrsm; ay:vmonf?
(c) tkypf ;kd olbufu=kd unfv
h #if

olw@kd avSm&f if;epfae+yD qdw

k m odvmonf? bmwckrS ratmifjrifbJ us;_H aewmudk
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hf ;kH Edik if H (LDC) av#mufrS au;+rD
0efxyk 0f efy;kd u oufomrnf[k t}uHay;onf? LDC av#muf&onf?

od@k aomf LDC jzpfv@kd au;0efxyk 0f efy;kd avsmh o

kH m &So
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f m;wJah iGawG w&m;r0if
a=unm&jyefonf? Tod@k jzifh Adv
k af e0if;. jyifoifjh yif&rSmyJqakd ompum; xGuv
f monf?
ol@rmS tdraf wmfyg i,fu|eaf wGyJ tm;ud;k p&m &So
d nf? (a'guw
f marmifarmif&@J pmtkyf
zwf=unfyh g?)

1988 rwfv/ ZGev

f u udpaP wG ra&;awmhyg?
=o*kwfva&mufawmh tajctae&ifhrSnfhcJh+yD? 'ga=umifh jynfvHk;u|wftHkur_}uD;
ay:awmhonf? vlxv
k w
l ef;pm;/ vl@tv$mpHk ygvmonf? awmifov
l ,form;awG ygvm
wmu tc&musonf? e,fr@awGu v_y&f mS ;r_wikd ;f rSm awmifov
l ,form;awG ygvmcJ+h yD?

(4) Tae&mwGif Auy . tjrifukd ajymygrnf?

wwyfcsi;f xGuw
f u
kd w
f mawG r&Sv
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f a&;awmfykH r&SEd ikd yf g?
rkcsEikd rf nfw
h u
kd yf u
JG rkd S wdu
k rf nfqv
kd #if b,fawmhrS ta&;awmfy}kH uD; jzpfrvmEdik yf g?

_ynfolhtm%m
ordik ;f udk vlxu
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f ifEikd cf ?hJ ,cktxd &Sio
f efqJ jzpfonf? awmfveS af &;
aumifpD e0wetz ppfaumifprD sm; ae&mwGif umvHk aumifpu
D 2008 tajccHOya'
t& qufvuf wnf&adS eonf? yjyifajymif;vJa&;rdi_ ;f rdoal wG rsm;aeonf?
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(7) bmha=umifjh yefvnfo;kH oyfovJ?
ppftm%m&Sipf epf &Sad eor# vlxt
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v_y&f mS ;wmawG awG@&vd@k jzpfonf? e0wetz u ausmif;awGukd jzef@cyJG pfvu
kd v
f @kd ausmif;om;
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f pfb&,f0g' tawG;tac:u a&yef;
pm;aeonf? 'ga=umifh =umvdrrhf nf?
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f wke;f uvdk
jzpfvrd rhf nf? txl;ojzifh bHEk ikd if aH &;vkyif ef;pOf r&Sv
d #if rdbawGrsm;+y;D OD;eif;yJah xmif jzpfvrd rhf nf?
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trsm;}uD;vky=f u&rnf?
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f efwt
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vlx}k uD;u vufcaH tmif tawmf=um=umvky&f vdrrhf nf[k Auy u ajrmfjrifygonf?
Auy (A[d)k
(1 - 8 - 2013)

ordik ;f udk vlxu

k zefw;D onfqw
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5

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Auy &Jht_rif
(1 - 7 - 2013)
(1) tiftm;pkaqmif;/ a&&Snjf rKyfE/HS tcgtcGiahf umif;udak pmifh qdw
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k m bmvJ? b,fawmh tJ'D tcgtcGiahf umif; ay:rSmvJ?
'Dupd eP @J ywfoufwhJ tjrifukd wifjyygr,f?
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-

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f u tajctaersKd ;udak jymwm jzpfygw,f?

tusO;f csKH ;+yD;ajym&if

-

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hJ cg?

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hJ cgukd qdv
k ykd gw,f?

yd+k yD;&Si;f atmif ajym&&if (1988) rwfvu =o*kwv

f txd tajctaersKd ;yg?
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-

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6

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(1) tajymif;tvJ eJ@ywfouf+yD; tjriftrsKd ;rsKd ;&S=d uonf? b,ftawG;tac:/ b,f&yfwnfcsuu

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h iftm;}uD;Edik if rH sm;. Armjynfqikd &f may:vpD tajymif;
tvJuakd jymwm jzpfygonf? txl;ojzifh ppfat;vGeu
f mvwGif yifbufuif;Adv
k }f uD; jzpfomG ;onfh tar&duef.
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jzpfonf? 'ga=umifh e0w - etz wd@k u a=umufuefuefonf? e,fcs@J vufopf - udv
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9

_ynfolhtm%m
(4) 2012 - 2013 umvydik ;f rSmawmh tar&duefe@J o@l *%
kd ;f om;rsm;u tajymif;tvJvyk jf ywJh yk*Kd~ vf (2) OD;udk
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jyif=uonf?
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f rd rhf nf? }uH@zG@H oif;uGv
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G +f yD; tajccHOya'udk 2015 rwdik rf D jyifEikd rf ,fxifovJ rodyg? tar&duef&@J
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D ufrnf? rsKd ;qufe@J cs+D yD; csw
D ufrnf?

10

wdkif;jynfa&S@a&; Auy tawG;

(1) ajray:Ed k i f i H a &;tif t m;pk r sm; 2015 a&G ; aumuf y G J u d k a r#mf + yD ; v_ y f & S m ;ae=uonf ?
t"duyifbufjzpf=uonfh NLD eJ@ }uH@zGH@ygwDu a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf tv_yf&Sm;qHk;jzpfonf?
}uH@zGH@ygwDu ydk+yD;v_yf&Sm;wmawG@onf? NLD rSmu orRwjzpfcsifol wOD;wnf;&Sdonf? }uH@zGH@
ygwrD mS u orRwae&m rSe;f Edik o
f l rsm;onf? tcktxd ra&G;cs,&f ao;? 'ga=umifh ydv
k y_ &f mS ;jcif; jzpfonf?
}uH@zG@H ygwrD mS u tkypf ak wG rsm;onf? wa,mufwayguf ajym=uwmvnf; rsm;onf? tajccHOya'udk
jyif&rnf[k olw@kd uyJ p+yD;ajymonf? NLD u rajymbJaeonf? ud,
k w
hf u
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wifciG &hf w
dS mudk jyif&rnf[k ajymol&o
dS nf? wcsKd @u ppfwyfukd ta&;ay:tm%mtyf+yD; a&G;aumufyJG
usif;yay;apvdkonf? (1960 wkef;u ppfwyf}uD;r;usif;ywJh a&G;aumufyGJrsdK;) [dkwkef;u OD;Eku
tajccHOya'udk ukvm;zefx;kd +yD; vky&f onf? tck tJ'v
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wjynfv;kH rSm a=unm&wmtxd jzpfapcsiyf &kH onf?
ppfwyfrmS uvnf; eHygw0f rf; yDyjD yifjyif r&Sad o;? eHygw0f rf; (+idr;f ) Adv
k o
f ef;a&$ wifcw
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k o
f ef;a&$aov#if Adv
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e0w umvwkef;u Adkvfoef;a&$eJ@ ,SOfEdkifolawG rsm;ovdk Adkvfrif;atmifvd_ifeJ@ ,SOfEdkifolawG
rsm;aeonf? &G,w
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f nf?
ppfwyfrmS eHygw0f rf; jzpfz@kd Adv
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vnf; vky&f vdrrhf nf?
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h cif;tusi;f opf New World Order (NWO) twGuf
vGefyGJjyif;xefcsdefjzpfvdk@ vm=uwmjzpfonf? aemifrSmvnf; ydk+yD;vm=uvdrfhrnf? Armjynfu
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(u) jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&; tppftrSef &S&d rnf?
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hf a&; tjynft
h 0 &S&d rnf?
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awG@G &aygi;f rsm;vd@k jzpfygonf?)

11

1989 u &wJh
oifcef:pm
(1) ygw&D @J oufwrf; 74 ESpjf ynfw
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ta=umif;udk t"duxm;ygr,f? jyifyta=umif;udk
vdt
k yfoavmufyJ azmfjyygr,f?
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- 1967 rSm ygwD (A[d)k u rSm;,Gi;f wJh taxGaxG
vrf;pOfukd csrw
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vkyaf wmh wkwjf ynfrmS ,Ofaus;r_awmfveS af &;
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aqG;aEG;+y;D jyefvmcsed rf mS wkwq
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tcsuaf wGvnf; &Sad ew,f? tJ'gawGuawmh12

(u) (3) ESpo

f ifwef; wuf+yD;awmh Armjynf
jyef awmfveS af &;vkyzf @kd pDru
H ed ;f eJ@ wkwjf ynf
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13

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15

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16

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tifwmeufpm!$e;f 1. http://www.turquoisehill.com/s/news_releases.asp?ReportID=375241
2. http://www.turquoisehill.com/i/pdf/Monywa_Fact_File_December_2012.pdf
3. http://www.turquoisehill.com/s/the_facts.asp?ReportID=375913

23

_ynfolhtm%m
4. http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=11098
5. http://burma.irrawaddy.org/archives/7176
6. http://burma.irrawaddy.org/archives/7141
7. http://www2.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=23206
8. http://burma.irrawaddy.org/archives/18805
9. http://www.defenceviewpoints.co.uk/articles-and-analysis/developmentsregardingthe-copper-reserve-fund-in-the-chilean-defence-funding-strategy
10. http://burma.irrawaddy.org/archives/18896
11. http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/news/inside-burma/10530-2012-12-04-13-01-50.html12.
12. http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/news/inside-burma/10559unfc-.html
13. http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/edop/songpa/11155-2013-03-19-10-27-01.html
14. http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/oct/25/naturalresources-blessingcurse-developing-countries
15. http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/from-resource-curse-toblessingby-joseph-estiglitz
16. http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/most-incredible-earthscars/
16808?image=11
17. http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/most-incredible-earthscars/
16808?image=19
18. http://scienceblogs.com/worldsfair/2009/07/23/mass-destruction-theenvironme/

24

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