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Asic

An ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) is designed for a specific application. There are several types of ASICs including full-custom ASICs, standard-cell based ASICs, and gate-array based ASICs. Full-custom ASICs have all mask layers customized and offer the highest performance but require more design time and complexity. Standard-cell based ASICs use standard cells and custom blocks that are embedded, with a manufacturing lead time of about eight weeks. Gate-array based ASICs use pre-made macros to reduce turnaround time and comprise a base array made from base or primitive cells.

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69 views1 page

Asic

An ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) is designed for a specific application. There are several types of ASICs including full-custom ASICs, standard-cell based ASICs, and gate-array based ASICs. Full-custom ASICs have all mask layers customized and offer the highest performance but require more design time and complexity. Standard-cell based ASICs use standard cells and custom blocks that are embedded, with a manufacturing lead time of about eight weeks. Gate-array based ASICs use pre-made macros to reduce turnaround time and comprise a base array made from base or primitive cells.

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walternampimadom
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15.

ASIC (a-sick) is an application-specific integrated circuit. A gate equivalent is a


NAND gate F = A B (IBM uses a NOR gate), or four transistors
The feature size is the smallest shape you can make on a chip and is measured in l or
Lambda.
Types of ASICs
ICs are made on a wafer. Circuits are built up with successive mask layers. The number of
masks used to define the interconnect and other layers is different between full-custom
ICs and programmable ASICs.
Full-Custom ASICs
All mask layers are customized in a full-custom ASIC.
It only makes sense to design a full-custom IC if there are no libraries available.
Full-custom offers the highest performance and lowest part cost (smallest die size) with the
disadvantages of increased design time, complexity, design expense, and highest risk.
Microprocessors were exclusively full-custom, but designers are increasingly turning to
semicustom ASIC techniques in this area too.
Other examples of full-custom ICs or ASICs are requirements for high-voltage (automobile),
analog/digital (communications), or sensors and actuators.
1.1.2 Standard-CellBased ASICs
A cell-based ASIC (CBICsea-bick)
Standard cells
Possibly megacells, megafunctions, fullcustom
blocks, system-level macros (SLMs),
fixed blocks, cores, or Functional Standard
Blocks (FSBs)
All mask layers are customizedtransistors and
interconnect
Custom blocks can be embedded
Manufacturing lead time is about eight weeks.
In datapath (DP) logic we may use a datapath compiler and a datapath library. Cells such
as arithmetic and logical units (ALUs) are pitch-matchedto each other to improve timing
and density.
1.1.3 Gate-ArrayBased ASICs
A gate array, masked gate array, MGA, or prediffused array uses macros (books) to reduce
turnaround time and comprises a base array made
from a base cell or primitive cell. There are three types:
Channeled gate arrays
Channelless gate arrays
Structured gate arrays

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